CN108239309B - 一种御寒保暖复合材料及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents

一种御寒保暖复合材料及其制备方法和应用 Download PDF

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CN108239309B
CN108239309B CN201611214710.XA CN201611214710A CN108239309B CN 108239309 B CN108239309 B CN 108239309B CN 201611214710 A CN201611214710 A CN 201611214710A CN 108239309 B CN108239309 B CN 108239309B
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蔡晨灿
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种御寒保暖复合材料及其制备方法和应用，所述复合材料是由可发泡弹性体与二氧化硅气凝胶按质量比为2:1～10:1共混发泡制得。本发明所述复合材料的御寒保暖性能优异，在‑30℃的压缩耐寒系数可达0.50，实验证明：在同等条件下，由本发明3mm厚的复合材料制作的衣物相当于由40mm厚的羽绒材料制作的衣物的御寒保暖效果，说明采用本发明所提供的复合材料制作服装或被褥，可实现轻便、不臃肿、舒适、美观等优点；另外，本发明提供的御寒保暖复合材料还具有柔软、成本低、节能环保等诸多优点，并且制备工艺简单，原材料易得，无特殊设备和苛刻条件，易于实现规模化生产，具有极强的工业化价值。

Description

一种御寒保暖复合材料及其制备方法和应用
技术领域
本发明是涉及一种复合材料及其制备方法和应用，具体说，是涉及一种御寒保暖复合材料及其制备方法和应用，属于复合材料技术领域。
背景技术
目前人们用于御寒保暖的衣被，主要是采用如下几种材料：一种是通过在衣被的夹层里填充天然棉花、动物羽毛绒、化学纤维棉等，虽然这些材料的御寒保暖性能十分优异，但是他们所存在的缺点也十分明显，因为，采用上述材料的保暖原理主要是靠留存在织物中间的大量相对静止空气，而要能让大量空气相对静止，则需要使用相对大量的上述填充材料，以致要达到良好的御寒保暖效果，需要求填充物较多，从而使衣被较厚重，且过于臃肿，肥厚，成本高，不仅束缚了人们的行动，穿着不舒服，而且不美观；另一种是选用能够发出远红外线的材料，比如在合成纤维中加入陶瓷粉末，以提高纤维发射远红外射线的能力，但这种御寒保暖的效果一般，并且成本高。
发明内容
针对现有技术存在的上述问题，本发明的目的是提供一种具有优异御寒保暖性能且成本低的御寒保暖复合材料及其制备方法和应用，以使人们用于御寒保暖的衣被变得轻便。
为实现上述发明目的，本发明采用的技术方案如下：
一种御寒保暖复合材料，是由可发泡弹性体与二氧化硅气凝胶按质量比为2:1～10:1共混发泡制得。
所述可发泡弹性体可以为丁腈橡胶(NBR)、聚氯乙烯(PVC)、三元乙丙橡胶(EPDM)、热塑性弹性体(TPE)、乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物(EVA)及顺丁橡胶(BR)中的至少一种。
作为优选方案，所述可发泡弹性体为丁腈橡胶(NBR)、聚氯乙烯(PVC)、三元乙丙橡胶(EPDM)、热塑性弹性体(TPE)、乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物(EVA)中的至少一种与顺丁橡胶(BR)的混合物。
作为进一步优选方案，所述可发泡弹性体为丁腈橡胶(NBR)和聚氯乙烯(PVC)与顺丁橡胶(BR)的混合物。
作为进一步优选方案，混合物中，丁腈橡胶(NBR)与聚氯乙烯(PVC)的质量比为5:1～18:1。
作为进一步优选方案，顺丁橡胶(BR)在混合物中的质量占比为5％～10％。
所述二氧化硅气凝胶优选为具有3D立体网状结构，颗粒直径介于20～50纳米的二氧化硅气凝胶粉末。
一种制备本发明所述的御寒保暖复合材料的方法，是首先按配方将可发泡弹性体与二氧化硅气凝胶和发泡剂及其它助剂混炼均匀，然后进行硫化发泡。
作为优选方案，所述配方如下：
Figure BDA0001191594020000021
作为进一步优选方案，所述发泡剂选用发泡剂DDL105。
作为进一步优选方案，所述其它助剂包括防老剂、补强剂、活化剂、软化剂、相容剂、增塑剂、促进剂和硫化剂。
作为优选方案，所述硫化发泡是在150～160℃及7～9MPa条件下进行。
作为优选方案，根据应用厚度要求对硫化发泡得到的复合材料进行切割并进行整体机械针眼打孔。
一种本发明所述的御寒保暖复合材料的应用，是用于制作御寒保暖服装或被褥。
与现有技术相比，本发明具有如下显著性有益效果：
本发明提供的御寒保暖复合材料的御寒保暖性能优异，在-30℃的压缩耐寒系数可达0.50，实验证明：在同等条件下，由本发明3mm厚的复合材料制作的衣物相当于由40mm厚的羽绒材料制作的衣物的御寒保暖效果，说明采用本发明所提供的复合材料制作服装或被褥，可实现轻便、不臃肿、舒适、美观等优点；另外，本发明提供的御寒保暖复合材料还具有柔软、成本低、节能环保等诸多优点，并且制备工艺简单，原材料易得，无特殊设备和苛刻条件，易于实现规模化生产，具有极强的工业化价值。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例和对比例对本发明技术方案做进一步详细、完整地说明。
实施例1
1、配方组成：
Figure BDA0001191594020000031
在本实施例中：
所述可发泡弹性体是由80质量份丁腈橡胶(NBR)与15质量份聚氯乙烯(PVC)和5质量份顺丁橡胶(BR)组成的混合物；
所述二氧化硅气凝胶是具有3D立体网状结构，颗粒直径介于20～50纳米的二氧化硅气凝胶粉末，是采用常温常压工艺制备得到；
所述发泡剂选用的是发泡剂DDL105；
所述防老剂选用的是橡胶防老剂4020(6PPD)，化学名称为：N-(1,3-二甲基丁基)-N’-苯基-对苯二胺；
所述补强剂选用的是碳酸钙；
所述活化剂选用的是氧化锌；
所述软化剂选用的是硬脂酸；
所述相容剂选用的是顺丁烯二酸酐；
所述增塑剂选用的是增塑剂DOP，化学名称为：邻苯二甲酸二辛酯；
所述促进剂选用的是0.25质量份的促进剂CZ与0.08质量份的促进剂TMTD的复合物；
所述硫化剂选用的是硫磺。
2、制备工艺：
首先，按上述配方将可发泡弹性体与二氧化硅气凝胶和发泡剂及其它助剂混炼均匀；
然后，称取一定量的胶料放入已预热的模具中，在平板硫化机上进行加压、加热硫化，卸除压力后发泡体从模具中弹出；硫化一发泡条件为150～160℃，7～9MPa，10min；最后，按照具体应用的厚度要求将得到的复合材料进行切割并进行整体机械针眼打孔。
3、性能测试
参照GB 6034-1985：《硫化橡胶压缩耐寒系数的测定》方法采用橡胶压缩耐寒系数测定仪测得所制备的复合材料在-30℃下的压缩耐寒系数值为0.50；
采用导热系数测定仪测得所制备的复合材料的导热系数值为0.021；
采用门尼粘度仪测得所制备的复合材料的门尼粘度值为30.2；
采用邵氏A硬度计测得所制备的复合材料的邵氏A硬度值为12；
另外，经测试，所制备的复合材料的导热系数仅为0.021W/(m·K)。
实施例2
本实施例与实施例1的不同之处仅在于：配方组成中的100质量份可发泡弹性体是由95质量份的三元乙丙橡胶(EPDM)与5质量份的顺丁橡胶(BR)组成的混合物，二氧化硅气凝胶的用量为40质量份；其余内容均与实施例1中所述相同。
经测试，本实施例所制备的复合材料的各项性能如下：
测试项目 压缩耐寒系数(-30℃) 导热系数W/(m·K) 门尼粘度 邵氏A硬度
测试数据 0.24 0.039 14.3 16
实施例3
本实施例与实施例1的不同之处仅在于：配方组成中的100质量份可发泡弹性体是由90质量份的热塑性弹性体(TPE)与10质量份的顺丁橡胶(BR)组成的混合物，二氧化硅气凝胶的用量为20质量份；其余内容均与实施例1中所述相同。
经测试，本实施例所制备的复合材料的各项性能如下：
测试项目 压缩耐寒系数(-30℃) 导热系数W/(m·K) 门尼粘度 邵氏A硬度
测试数据 0.31 0.031 25.8 20
实施例4
本实施例与实施例1的不同之处仅在于：配方组成中的100质量份可发泡弹性体是由90质量份的乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物(EVA)与10质量份的顺丁橡胶(BR)组成的混合物，二氧化硅气凝胶的用量为10质量份；其余内容均与实施例1中所述相同。
经测试，本实施例所制备的复合材料的各项性能如下：
测试项目 压缩耐寒系数(-30℃) 导热系数W/(m·K) 门尼粘度 邵氏A硬度
测试数据 0.17 0.052 27.8 19
实施例5
本实施例与实施例1的不同之处仅在于：配方组成中的100质量份可发泡弹性体是由由90质量份丁腈橡胶(NBR)与5质量份聚氯乙烯(PVC)和5质量份顺丁橡胶(BR)组成的混合物，二氧化硅气凝胶的用量为50质量份；其余内容均与实施例1中所述相同。
经测试，本实施例所制备的复合材料的各项性能如下：
测试项目 压缩耐寒系数(-30℃) 导热系数W/(m·K) 门尼粘度 邵氏A硬度
测试数据 0.27 0.037 15.6 18
综上实验结果可见：本发明所提供的复合材料具有优良的御寒保暖性能，在-30℃的压缩耐寒系数可达0.50，导热系数低，并且实验证明：在同等条件下，由本发明3mm厚的复合材料制作的衣物相当于由40mm厚的羽绒材料制作的衣物的御寒保暖效果，说明采用本发明所提供的复合材料制作服装或被褥，可实现轻便、不臃肿、舒适、美观等优点；另外，本发明提供的御寒保暖复合材料还具有优良的柔软性，邵氏A硬度值≤20，而且加工性能好，具有质轻、成本低、节能环保等诸多优点，并且制备工艺简单，原材料易得，无特殊设备和苛刻条件，易于实现规模化生产，具有极强的工业化价值。
最后需要在此说明的是：以上对各种助剂的具体选择仅用于更好的说明本发明技术方案的实现，但并不限于上述选择，本发明的核心是使可发泡弹性体与二氧化硅气凝胶同时进行发泡复合，得到御寒保暖材料。以上仅是本发明的部分优选实施例，不能理解为对本发明保护范围的限制，本领域的技术人员根据本发明的上述内容做出的一些非本质的改进和调整均属于本发明的保护范围。

Claims (5)

1.一种御寒保暖复合材料，其特征在于：是由可发泡弹性体与二氧化硅气凝胶按质量比为2:1～10:1共混发泡制得，所述可发泡弹性体为丁腈橡胶和聚氯乙烯与顺丁橡胶的混合物，所述混合物中，丁腈橡胶与聚氯乙烯的质量比为5:1～18:1，顺丁橡胶在混合物中的质量占比为5％～10％。
2.根据权利要求1所述的御寒保暖复合材料，其特征在于：所述二氧化硅气凝胶为具有3D立体网状结构，颗粒直径介于20～50纳米的二氧化硅气凝胶粉末。
3.一种制备权利要求1所述的御寒保暖复合材料的方法，其特征在于：首先按配方将可发泡弹性体与二氧化硅气凝胶和发泡剂及其它助剂混炼均匀，然后在150～160℃及7～9MPa条件下进行硫化发泡；所述配方如下：
Figure FDA0002354482650000011
所述其它助剂包括防老剂、补强剂、活化剂、软化剂、相容剂、增塑剂、促进剂和硫化剂。
4.根据权利要求3所述的方法，其特征在于：根据应用厚度要求对硫化发泡得到的复合材料进行切割并进行整体机械针眼打孔。
5.一种权利要求1所述的御寒保暖复合材料的应用，其特征在于：以所述的御寒保暖复合材料制作御寒保暖服装或被褥。
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