CN108226293B - Signal acquisition device for ultrasonic reflection and transmission parallel detection of sandwich structure - Google Patents
Signal acquisition device for ultrasonic reflection and transmission parallel detection of sandwich structure Download PDFInfo
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- CN108226293B CN108226293B CN201711439946.8A CN201711439946A CN108226293B CN 108226293 B CN108226293 B CN 108226293B CN 201711439946 A CN201711439946 A CN 201711439946A CN 108226293 B CN108226293 B CN 108226293B
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- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
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- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/04—Analysing solids
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical fields of aerospace manufacturing, traffic, buildings, electronic engineering, nondestructive testing and the like, and relates to a signal acquisition device for ultrasonic reflection and transmission parallel testing of a sandwich structure. The invention adopts the time delay unit and the gate selection unit to isolate the high-voltage ultrasonic pulse excitation original signal and separate and extract the received ultrasonic reflection signal from the detected piece, thereby avoiding the direct loading of the high-voltage ultrasonic pulse excitation original signal on the input stage of the pre-processor, avoiding the blockage and damage of the primary amplifier of the pre-processor, avoiding the interference of the high-voltage ultrasonic pulse excitation original signal on the weak detection signal, further avoiding the influence on the ultrasonic imaging quality and being beneficial to improving the reliability and the accuracy of the detection result.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical fields of aerospace manufacturing, traffic, buildings, electronic engineering, nondestructive testing and the like, and relates to a signal acquisition device for ultrasonic reflection and transmission parallel testing of a sandwich structure.
Background
The ultrasonic automatic scanning imaging detection is a very important nondestructive detection method adopted by a sandwich structure at present, one kind of signal acquisition device adopted by the ultrasonic automatic scanning imaging detection is an ultrasonic penetrating signal acquisition device, the ultrasonic penetrating signal acquisition device comprises a transmitting transducer, a receiving transducer, an ultrasonic transmitting unit, a transmission signal processing unit, a synchronizing unit and a data acquisition unit, wherein the synchronizing unit generates a synchronizing pulse signal to control the ultrasonic transmitting unit to transmit a high-voltage pulse excitation signal, the transmitting transducer is excited to transmit an ultrasonic signal, the receiving transducer receives the ultrasonic signal, the two transducers are respectively positioned at two sides of a detected piece, the ultrasonic signal received by the receiving transducer in the scanning process needs to be subjected to pre-processing and acquisition recording through the signal acquisition device so as to be used for automatic scanning imaging by an ultrasonic penetrating method, and therefore, the ultrasonic detection on the detected piece is realized, and the main defects are that: when examining the defect, this signal through signal acquisition device collection can not confirm that the defect is located and is detected which side of part, need choose for use supersound reflection signal acquisition device, to being detected the piece and scan once more, and carry out leading processing and collection record to the detected signal that the transducer received in-process of scanning in real time, in order to be used for the supersound scanning formation of image, just can confirm to examine the position of defect in sandwich structure, ultrasonic signal acquisition device based on this kind of signal acquisition and record, it takes time to detect, low efficiency, detect with high costs. The other device is an ultrasonic reflection signal acquisition device, which comprises a transmitting and receiving transducer, an ultrasonic transmitting unit, a transmission signal processing unit, a synchronizing unit and a data acquisition unit, wherein the synchronizing unit generates a synchronizing pulse signal to control the ultrasonic transmitting unit to transmit a high-voltage pulse excitation signal, the transmitting and receiving transducer is excited to transmit an ultrasonic signal, the transmitting and receiving transducer is used for transmitting the ultrasonic signal and receiving the ultrasonic signal, the transducer is positioned at one side of a detected piece, and the ultrasonic signal received by the transducer in the scanning process needs to be subjected to pre-processing and acquisition recording, so that the signal acquisition device has the main defects that: 1) the detection of the detected sandwich structure can be realized only by scanning two sides of the detected sandwich structure respectively, and therefore, detection signals received by a transducer in the scanning and detecting processes of two times need to be preprocessed, collected and recorded, and can be used for ultrasonic scanning imaging detection; 2) in the ultrasonic reflection signal acquisition device, a high-voltage ultrasonic pulse excitation original signal and a received ultrasonic pulse reflection signal from a detected material are generally loaded on an input stage of a pre-processor together, because the high-voltage ultrasonic pulse excitation original signal has high energy and amplitude, a primary amplifier of the pre-processor is easy to block or even damage, and the high-voltage ultrasonic pulse excitation original signal is easy to interfere with a weak detection signal, so that the detection imaging quality and the reliability and accuracy of a detection result are influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a signal acquisition device for ultrasonic reflection and transmission parallel detection aiming at the defects in the prior art so as to realize ultrasonic reflection and transmission parallel scanning imaging detection of a sandwich structure.
The technical solution of the present invention is that,
comprises a transmitting and receiving transducer, a receiving transducer, an ultrasonic transmitting unit, a reflected signal processing unit, a transmitted signal processing unit,A synchronization unit and a data acquisition unit, wherein the synchronization unit generates a start pulse signal s0(t) controlling the ultrasonic transmitting unit to generate a high-voltage excitation pulse uR2(t), exciting the transmitting and receiving transducer to generate transmitting ultrasonic waves and receive ultrasonic reflection signals from the sandwich structure of the detected composite material, and receiving the ultrasonic penetration signals from the sandwich structure of the detected composite material by the receiving transducer, wherein the characteristics are as follows: the start pulse signal s generated by the synchronization unit0(t) simultaneously entering a delay unit, wherein the delay unit is used for transmitting and receiving the distance between the wafer of the transducer and the surface of the sandwich structure of the detected composite material or the starting pulse signal s0(t) time t between ultrasonic reflection signal F from the surface of the sandwich structure of the composite material to be testedsSetting the delay time delta t to obtain a pulse signal s1(t), where s1(t)＝s0(t + Δ t), Δ t being less than ts(ii) a The gate unit receives the high-voltage excitation pulse u generated by the ultrasonic transmitting unitR2(t) transmitting the ultrasonic reflection signal received by the receiving transducer and the pulse signal s delayed by the delay unit1(t) the delay unit controls the gate selection unit pair uR2Isolation and pairing of (t) uR1(t) starting time of separation and extraction, and setting u according to thickness of sandwich structure of the composite material to be detected or according to time width between F and BR1(t) separating and extracting the cut-off time, wherein F is an ultrasonic reflection signal from the surface of the sandwich structure of the detected composite material, and B is an ultrasonic reflection signal from the bottom surface of the sandwich structure of the detected composite material; u after door menu element separation and extractionR1(t) sending the ultrasonic transmission signal u to a reflection signal processing unit for preprocessing, and sending the ultrasonic transmission signal u to a transmission signal processing unit for preprocessing and received by a receiving transducerTAnd (t) simultaneously, converting the signals by a data acquisition unit to form detection signals of ultrasonic reflection and transmission parallel scanning imaging.
The frequency of the start pulse signal generated by the synchronization unit is selected between 1kHz and 4 kHz.
The delay range deltat of the delay pulse signal generated by the delay unit is generally selected within 0-50 ms.
Bandwidth f of the gating cellmAccording to the frequency selection of the transmitting and receiving transducers, fm>2×max(f1,f2) Where max denotes taking the maximum value, f1、f2Respectively, the center frequencies of the transmitting receiving transducer and the receiving transducer.
The on-time t of the gating cellwGeneral selection of tn>tw>tFBHere, the
fnIs s is0Frequency of (t), tFBRepresenting the time width between the ultrasonic reflection signal F from the surface of the composite sandwich structure being tested and the ultrasonic reflection signal B from the bottom surface of the composite sandwich structure being tested.
The two-way parallel sampling rate of the data acquisition unit is selected between 50MHz and 100MHz, the data acquisition unit is provided with an interface for data exchange with an external computer, and the data transmission speed is not less than 8 MHz.
The invention has the advantages and beneficial effects
The invention provides a signal acquisition device for ultrasonic reflection and transmission parallel detection, which adopts a time delay unit and a gate selection unit to isolate a high-voltage ultrasonic pulse excitation original signal and separate and extract the received ultrasonic reflection signal from a detected piece, thereby avoiding the direct loading of the high-voltage ultrasonic pulse excitation original signal on an input stage of a pre-processor, avoiding the blockage and damage of a primary amplifier of the pre-processor, avoiding the interference of the high-voltage ultrasonic pulse excitation original signal on a weak detection signal, further avoiding the influence on the ultrasonic imaging quality, and being beneficial to improving the reliability and the accuracy of a detection result. The invention considers that the defect in the sandwich structure can be positioned in the skin and skin-sandwich glue joint interface areas on the two sides, and the ultrasonic signal in the one-time scanning process of the sandwich structure of the detected composite material only needs to be preprocessed, collected and recorded, so that the ultrasonic signal can be simultaneously used for scanning and imaging by an ultrasonic reflection method and a penetration method, thereby realizing the detection coverage detection of the detected sandwich structure.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a signal acquisition device for ultrasonic reflection and transmission parallel detection of the invention.
Detailed Description
A signal acquisition device for ultrasonic reflection and transmission parallel detection comprises a transducer 1, a transducer 2, an ultrasonic emission unit 3, a gate selection unit 4, a reflection signal processing unit 5, a delay unit 6, a transmission signal processing unit 7, a synchronization unit 8 and a data acquisition unit 9, wherein as shown in figure 1, a starting pulse signal s generated by the synchronization unit 80(t) controlling the ultrasonic transmitting unit 3 to generate the high-voltage excitation pulse uR2(t), exciting the transmitting and receiving transducer 1 to generate transmitting ultrasonic waves and receive ultrasonic reflection signals from the detected composite material sandwich structure 10, and receiving transducer 2 to receive ultrasonic penetration signals from the detected composite material sandwich structure 10, wherein the characteristics are as follows: the start pulse signal s generated by the synchronization unit 80(t) simultaneously enter a time delay unit 6, and the time delay unit 6 is used for delaying the time according to the distance between the wafer of the transmitting and receiving transducer 1 and the surface of the detected composite material sandwich structure 10 or according to the starting pulse signal s0(t) time t between ultrasonic reflection signal F from the surface of the composite sandwich structure 10 being examinedsSetting the delay time delta t to obtain a pulse signal s1(t), where s1(t)＝s0(t + Δ t), Δ t being less than ts(ii) a The gate unit 4 receives the high-voltage excitation pulse u generated by the ultrasonic transmitting unit 3R2(t) the ultrasonic reflection signal received by the transmitting and receiving transducer 1 and the pulse signal s delayed by the delay unit 61(t), the delay unit 6 controls the gate selection unit 4 to uR2Isolation and pairing of (t) uR1(t) starting time of separation and extraction, u being set according to the thickness of the composite sandwich structure 10 to be tested or according to the time width between F and BR1(t) a cut-off time for separation and extraction, where F isUltrasonic reflection signals from the surface of the composite material sandwich structure 10 to be detected, B is ultrasonic reflection signals from the bottom surface of the composite material sandwich structure 10 to be detected; u extracted by door menu element 4 separationR1(t) the ultrasonic transmission signal u received by the receiving transducer 2 is sent to the reflected signal processing unit 5 for preprocessing, and sent to the transmission signal processing unit 7 for preprocessingTAnd (t) simultaneously, the ultrasonic reflection transmission parallel scanning imaging detection signals are formed through conversion of the data acquisition unit 9.
1) Synchronization unit 8
The TTL logic gate and the external resistor and capacitor are adopted to form a TTL pulse oscillation circuit to generate a starting pulse signal s0And (t), the pulse signal is used as a time sequence signal of a signal acquisition device for ultrasonic reflection and transmission parallel detection to coordinate each unit to work according to a corresponding time sequence, and the frequency of the synchronization unit 8 is selected and controlled by an external resistor and a capacitor.
2) Delay unit 6
The delay unit 6 is formed by TTL or CMOS trigger, and the delay unit 6 is used for the initial pulse signal s from the synchronization unit 80(t) delaying to obtain a delayed pulse signal s1(t)，s1(t)＝s0(t + Δ t), i.e. s1(t) and s0(t) the time domain phase difference is delta t, which is the delay range, s, generated by the delay unit 61(t) has a pulse width of twI.e. Δ t and twThe selection and the adjustment are carried out through the external resistor and the capacitor of the time delay unit 6, and the delta t is determined by the distance between the wafer of the transmitting and receiving transducer 1 and the surface of the detected composite material sandwich structure 10 or tsSet up, tsIs s is0(t) the time between the ultrasonic reflection signal F from the surface of the composite sandwich structure 10 to be examined is generally chosen such that Deltat is less than ts。
3) Door menu element 4
The on/off control terminal of the multi-way switch is s1(t) controlling the on-time of the multi-way switch in the gate selection unit 4 to be twDetermination of twThe size of the core is set according to the thickness of the composite material sandwich structure 10 to be detectedOr set according to the time width between F and B, wherein B is the distance of the ultrasonic reflection signal from the bottom surface of the detected composite material sandwich structure 10, and the bandwidth of the door unit 4 is selected according to the bandwidth of the detected ultrasonic reflection signal.
4) Reflection signal processing unit 5 and transmission signal processing unit 7
Two parallel signal processing units are respectively formed by adopting a broadband narrow pulse analog circuit unit, wherein the reflected signal processing unit 5 is used for processing the ultrasonic reflected signal u output by the gate selection unit 4R1(t) a transmission signal processing unit 7 for processing the ultrasonic transmission signal u output from the door receiving transducer 2T(t), the bandwidth of the reflected signal processing unit 5 and the bandwidth of the transmitted signal processing unit 7 are selected according to the frequency of the transmitting and receiving transducer 1 and the receiving transducer 2, and the gain of the reflected signal processing unit 5 and the transmitted signal processing unit 7 is generally larger than 20 dB.
5) Data acquisition unit 9
The data acquisition unit 9 comprises an A/D acquisition unit and a RAM, wherein the A/D is selected from A/D with a two-way parallel acquisition function and is used for respectively processing ultrasonic reflection signals u 'from the reflection signal processing unit 5'R1(t) and the ultrasonic transmission signal u 'of the transmission signal processing unit 7'T(t) parallel acquisition, conversion to ultrasound reflected digital signal u "R1(t) and an ultrasound transmission digital signal u "T(t) and buffered in RAM for use in ultrasound reflectance transmission parallel scan imaging.
2. Start pulse signal s generated by synchronization unit 8 in signal acquisition device for ultrasonic reflection-transmission parallel detection0The frequency of (t) is chosen between 1kHz and 4 kHz.
3. Time-delay pulse signal s generated by time-delay unit 6 in signal acquisition device for ultrasonic reflection and transmission parallel detection1The delay range deltat of (t) is typically chosen within the range of 0.1ms to 50 ms.
4. Bandwidth f of door menu element 4 in signal acquisition device for ultrasonic reflection transmission parallel detectionmAccording to the frequency selection of the transmitting receiving transducer 1 and the receiving transducer 2, f is generalm>2×max(f1,f2)，Where max denotes taking the maximum value, f1、f2The center frequencies of the transmitting and receiving transducers 1 and 2 are respectively indicated.
5. Conduction time t of door menu unit 4 in signal acquisition device for ultrasonic reflection and transmission parallel detectionwGeneral selection of tn>tw>tFBHere, the
fnIs s is0Frequency of (t), tFBRepresenting the time width between F and B.
6. A data acquisition unit 9 in the signal acquisition device for ultrasonic reflection and transmission parallel detection has a two-way parallel sampling rate of 50MHz-100MHz, an interface for data exchange with an external computer, and a data transmission speed of not less than 8 MHz.
7. The working process of the signal acquisition device for ultrasonic reflection and transmission parallel detection comprises the following steps:
the ultrasonic transmitting unit 3 outputs a synchronizing signal s at the synchronizing unit 80(t) generating a high voltage excitation pulse signal uR2(t) the high voltage excitation pulse signal uR2(t) exciting the transmitting and receiving transducer 1 to generate ultrasonic pulse sound waves, and transmitting the ultrasonic pulse sound waves to the sandwich structure 10 of the detected composite material through the coupling medium to form ultrasonic reflected waves and transmitted waves, wherein the ultrasonic reflected waves are received by the transmitting and receiving transducer 1 to form ultrasonic reflected signals uR1(t)，uR2(t) and uR1(t) are transmitted to the gate selection unit 4 with different time differences, the gate selection unit 4 is generated at the delay unit 6 and is identical to s0(t) gating signal s with a delay of Δ t1Under the control of (t), realize uR2Isolation and pairing of (t) uR1(t) isolation and extraction of u after isolationR1(t) the ultrasonic reflected signal u 'is formed by preprocessing the transmitted reflected signal processing unit 5 to have an appropriate size'R1(t) while the ultrasonic transmission wave is received by the receiving transducer 2, forming an ultrasonic transmission signal uT(t)，uT(t) sending the transmission signal to a transmission signal processing unit 7 for preprocessing to form a super-image with a proper sizeAcoustic transmission signal u'T(t), then, u'R1(t) and u'TAnd (t) simultaneously sending the signals to a data acquisition unit 9 for parallel acquisition to form detection signals for ultrasonic reflection and transmission parallel scanning imaging.
Examples
By adopting the technical scheme of the invention, FJ series transducers of the Zhonghong composite material company Limited are selected as the transmitting and receiving transducer 1 and the receiving transducer 2, UPower-2 ultrasonic signal sources of the Zhonghong composite material company Limited are selected as the ultrasonic transmitting unit 3 and the synchronizing unit 8, and f is respectively selectednThe ultrasonic reflection transmission parallel detection device comprises a delay unit 6 formed by TTL triggers at 1kHz and 4kHz, a gate selection unit 4 formed by a multi-way switch without a decoder at 40MHz, a reflection signal processing unit 5 and a transmission signal processing unit 7 formed by high-frequency circuit modules with 40MHz bandwidth and 22dB, and a data acquisition unit 9 formed by a dual-channel 100MHz data acquisition system, wherein ultrasonic reflection transmission parallel detection signals from composite material honeycomb sandwich structures with different sizes and specifications are acquired, analyzed and applied in real time.
Claims (6)
1. A signal acquisition device for ultrasonic reflection and transmission parallel detection comprises a transmitting and receiving transducer (1), a receiving transducer (2), an ultrasonic transmitting unit (3), a reflection signal processing unit (5), a transmission signal processing unit (7), a synchronization unit (8) and a data acquisition unit (9), wherein a starting pulse signal s generated by the synchronization unit (8) is0(t) controlling the ultrasonic transmitting unit (3) to generate a high-voltage excitation pulse uR2(t), exciting the transmitting and receiving transducer (1) to generate transmitting ultrasonic waves and receive ultrasonic reflection signals from the detected composite material sandwich structure (10), and receiving the ultrasonic penetration signals from the detected composite material sandwich structure (10) by the receiving transducer (2), wherein the characteristics are as follows: a start pulse signal s generated by the synchronization unit (8)0(t) simultaneously enter a delay unit (6), the delay unit (6) being responsive to the wafer of the transmitting receiving transducer (1)Setting the delay time delta t to the distance between the surface of the detected composite material sandwich structure (10) and the surface of the detected composite material sandwich structure to obtain a pulse signal s1(t) or the delay unit (6) is based on the start pulse signal s0(t) time t between ultrasonic reflection signal F from the surface of the composite sandwich structure (10) being testedsSetting the delay time delta t to obtain a pulse signal s1(t), where s1(t)＝s0(t + Δ t), Δ t being less than ts(ii) a The gate selection unit (4) receives the high-voltage excitation pulse u generated by the ultrasonic emission unit (3)R2(t) transmitting and receiving ultrasonic reflection signals received by the transducer (1) and pulse signals s delayed by the delay unit (6)1(t), the delay unit (6) controls the gate selection unit (4) to control uR2(t) isolation and reflection of ultrasound signal uR1(t) the initial time of separation and extraction, setting the ultrasonic reflection signal u according to the thickness of the sandwich structure (10) of the composite material to be detected or according to the time width between F and BR1(t) a separation extraction cut-off time, where F is the ultrasonic reflection signal from the surface of the composite sandwich structure (10) to be tested and B is the ultrasonic reflection signal from the bottom surface of the composite sandwich structure (10) to be tested; the gate selection unit (4) separates the extracted ultrasonic reflection signal uR1(t) sending the ultrasonic transmission signal u to a reflection signal processing unit (5) for preprocessing, and sending the ultrasonic transmission signal u to a transmission signal processing unit (7) for preprocessing and received by a receiving transducer (2)TAnd (t) simultaneously, the ultrasonic reflection transmission parallel scanning imaging detection signals are formed through conversion of the data acquisition unit (9).
2. A signal acquisition device for ultrasound parallel detection of reflectance and transmittance according to claim 1, characterized in that the frequency of the start pulse signal generated by the synchronization unit (8) is chosen between 1kHz and 4 kHz.
3. The signal acquisition device for the ultrasonic reflection-transmission parallel detection according to claim 1, wherein the delay time Δ t of the delay pulse signal generated by the delay unit (6) is selected within 0.1ms-50 ms.
4. Signal acquisition device for ultrasound parallel detection of reflectance and transmittance according to claim 1, characterized in that the gating cell (4) has a bandwidth fmAccording to the frequency selection of the transmitting and receiving transducer (1) and the receiving transducer (2), fm>2×max(f1,f2) Where max denotes taking the maximum value, f1、f2Respectively representing the center frequencies of the transmitting and receiving transducer (1) and the receiving transducer (2).
5. Signal acquisition device for ultrasound parallel detection of reflectance and transmittance according to claim 1, wherein the gating unit (4) has a conduction time twSelecting tn>tw>tFBHere, the
fnIs s is0Frequency of (t), tFBRepresents the time width between an ultrasonic reflection signal F from the surface of the composite sandwich structure (10) to be tested and an ultrasonic reflection signal B from the bottom surface of the composite sandwich structure (10) to be tested.
6. The signal acquisition device for the ultrasonic reflection-transmission parallel detection according to claim 1, characterized in that the data acquisition unit (9) has a two-way parallel sampling rate selected between 50MHz and 100MHz, an interface for data exchange with an external computer, and a data transmission speed not less than 8 MHz.
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| CN102297900B (en) * | 2011-06-24 | 2012-12-26 | 中国航空工业集团公司北京航空制造工程研究所 | Multichannel parallel and synchronous acquisition method for ultrasonic pulse signal |
| CN103175893A (en) * | 2013-02-04 | 2013-06-26 | 中国科学院声学研究所 | Defect defecting method based on wide frequency band ultrasonic phase array |
| CN105510444A (en) * | 2015-11-27 | 2016-04-20 | 华南理工大学 | Two-way time reversal damage imaging method based on ultrasonic guided-wave |
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| CN1201525A (en) * | 1995-09-18 | 1998-12-09 | 燃烧工程有限公司 | Ultrasonic testing (UT) system signal processing |
| CN1743839A (en) * | 2005-07-15 | 2006-03-08 | 华南理工大学 | Structure defect ultrasonic on-line intelligent identifying system and identifying method |
| CN102297900B (en) * | 2011-06-24 | 2012-12-26 | 中国航空工业集团公司北京航空制造工程研究所 | Multichannel parallel and synchronous acquisition method for ultrasonic pulse signal |
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