CN102692453A - Material non-destructive inspection method and device based on nonlinear acoustics - Google Patents
Material non-destructive inspection method and device based on nonlinear acoustics Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a material non-destructive inspection method and a material non-destructive inspection device based on nonlinear acoustics. The material non-destructive inspection method comprises the following steps that a Gaussian envelope is used for carrying out windowing on base frequency signals to form emitting signals; all subharmonic components in receiving signals are respectively subjected to filtering by a corresponding band-pass filter at the receiving end for realizing the separation of components at different frequencies; and in addition, all separated subharmonic components are subjected to corresponding matched filtering treatment for realizing the optimal detection of all harmonic components. The nonlinear acoustic detection method provided by the invention has the advantages that the frequency domain aliasing among all subharmonic components in signals is small, the nonlinear detection capability is high, and meanwhile, higher axial resolution capability is realized.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to solid material lossless detection method and apparatus field, the method and apparatus that to be the nonlinear acoustics characteristic utilizing sound wave in material and structure, to propagate to produce detect the inner structure and the defective of material that is specifically related to.
Background technology
At present, ultrasonic (or acoustics) Dynamic Non-Destruction Measurement has obtained in material Non-Destructive Testing field using widely.Current acoustics Dynamic Non-Destruction Measurement is main with linear ultrasonic mainly, and the main technology of using has: [1] [2] such as Ultrasonic C-Scan detection, phased array ultrasonic detection, ultrasonic guided wave detecting, laser-ultrasound detection.These supersonic detection methods all are to adopt linear ultrasonic, and it is minimum promptly to detect the detection ultrasound wave amplitude of using, and the stress and strain that produces during by ultrasonic propagation is minimal value, and linear stress-strain stress relation is followed in hyperacoustic propagation in the medium at this moment.Linear ultrasonic like micro-crack, interface delamination, unsticking etc., often is not very sensitive for the tiny flaw in the material, and especially when defective did not form tangible interface, linear ultrasonic was then powerless.And the Non-Destructive Testing of early stage microdefect is even more important to the reliability assessment and the life prediction of compound substance and member, therefore need greatly develop supersonic damage-free detection method and the technology to microdefect.The non-linear ultrasonic detection grows up under this background just gradually.
It is when utilizing ultrasound wave in material, to propagate that non-linear ultrasonic detects; The nonlinear response signal that medium or tiny flaw and it interact and produces; Carry out the assessment of material property and the detection of tiny flaw, reflection is that tiny flaw is to the sound wave effect of nonlinear in essence.Non-linear ultrasonic detects and uses significantly ultrasound wave (limited amplitude is ultrasonic); Strengthened by pressure stress-strain stress relation effect of nonlinear; It is big that ultrasound non-linear response signal amplitude becomes, and in the linear wave equation of conventional ultrasound, increased the harmonic wave part.Is the coefficient ratio value defined of second harmonic in the wave equation and first-harmonic (being linear term) nonlinear acoustic parameter B/A, its size reflected ultrasonic in communication process the power of nonlinear effect.Existing research shows that ultrasound wave demonstrates very significantly non-linear in the propagation of composite material interface fault location, the distortion of more unconventional harmonic wave and nonlinear waveform occurs, evenly then can not produce these harmonic waves and abnormal ripple [3] [4] in the place at material.
In recent years, Chinese scholars has been carried out a series of research aspect the non-linear ultrasonic test material microdefect utilizing.The ultrasonic material diagnostic test chamber Kawashima of Japan etc. have carried out experimental study to the fine cracks such as bonding interface, welding thin-walled and weld seam surface of contact of material; Adopt high-octane pulse signal to produce the incident wave of large amplitude; Reception amplifier through having bandpass filtering extracts second harmonic signal; Combine conventional C scanning imaging system again, realized detection [6] [7] micro-crack.Domestic Nanjing University Chen Jianjun, Mao Yiwei etc. utilize nonlinear contact acoustics (Contact Acoustic Nonlinearity; CAN) prefabricated composite material interface defective is verified detection, defective locations that detects and shape and prefabricated result very close [8].
But; Above-mentioned nonlinear acoustics detect adopted in the research in order to encourage transmitting of test specimen to be measured to be burst sound (Tone Burst) signal [6] [7] [9] [10]; Promptly the signal in several continuous whole cycles through the intercepting of pulse gating device in continuous simple signal is as shown in Figure 1.Tone Burst signal is that its frequency spectrum is the sinc functional form to the result of continuous simple signal through the rectangular window windowing process, and there are a large amount of secondary lobes in it on frequency field, and frequency bandspread is serious.Therefore there are comparatively serious aliasing in Tone Burst signal and its higher hamonic wave on frequency domain, and be as shown in Figure 2.This frequency domain aliasing can cause in the signal that system receives, can't fundamental frequency signal and higher hamonic wave signal being separated effectively, thereby influences the detection performance to nonlinear properties greatly.
Particularly consider since the acoustics of material non-linear often very a little less than, the magnitude of B/A is 0.1 even littler usually, higher hamonic wave composition energy is much smaller than fundamental component in the signal that detection system receives.In addition, in the communication process of acoustical signal at material, decay frequency general and acoustical signal is approximated to the negative exponent relation, i.e. the high more decay of frequency is big more.Therefore, the decay of higher hamonic wave signal in material is also even more serious than fundamental frequency signal, even causes harmonic signal to be submerged in fully in the frequency domain expansion of fundamental frequency signal and can't detect.Therefore the frequency domain aliasing that reduces between fundamental frequency signal and each harmonic signal is most crucial for the performance of non-linear detection system.
For fundamental frequency and the higher hamonic wave signal frequency-domain aliasing that reduces Tone Burst signal, adopt long rectangular window in time domain usually, promptly adopt the more signal period, thereby reduce the secondary lobe of Tone Burst signal on frequency domain.Yet longer transponder pulse also means the reduction of axial resolution simultaneously, this means the decline for the tiny flaw detectability.Therefore the nonlinear acoustics detection system of using traditional Tone Burst to transmit exists non-linear detection ability and this problem that is difficult to overcome of the two mutual restriction of axial resolution, thereby has restricted its development and application greatly.
List of references:
[1] straight dried, the ultrasonic detecting technology of compound substance, aero-manufacturing technology, 2009 (8): 70-73
[2] Ge Bang, Tao Yang, high palace is refined, Li Ming, NDT of composite Research progress, fiberglass/compound substance, 2009 (6): 67-71
[3] Zhu Jinlin, Liu Xiaozhou, thoughtful, Gong Xiufen, the sound wave non-classical nonlinear propagation in the crackle solid is arranged, acoustic journal, 2009,34:234-241
[4]I?Solodov，Nonlinear?Acoustic?NDT：Approaches,Methods,and?Applications,5thInternational?Workshop?NDT?in?Progress,Prague,Czech?Republic,2009
[5] straight dried, Liu Siming. the research of non-linear Dynamic Non-Destruction Measurement, application and development. mechanical engineering journal, 2011,47 (8): 2-11
[6]K.Kawashima,M.Murase,Y.Ohara,et?al,Nonlinear?C-Scan?Acoustic?Microscope?and?its?Application?to?Characterization?of?Diffusion-Bonded?Interfaces?of?Different?Metals,Nov2004?Vol.9?No.11,WCNDT?2004?Edition
[7]K.Kawashima,M.Murase,R.Yamada,et?al,Nonlinear?ultrasonic?imaging?of?imperfectly?bonded?interfaces,Ultrasonics,2006,44:e1329–e1333
[8] Chen Jianjun, Mao Yiwei, the contact nonlinear method detects the research of bonding interface state, acoustic technique supplementary issue, 2004:33-34
[9]Ted?Christopher,Experimental?investigation?of?finite?amplitude?distortion-based,second?harmonic?pulse?echo?ultrasonic?imaging,IEEE?Trans.UFFC,VOL.45,NO.1,JANUARY?1998,p.158-162
[10]P.Wu,T.Stepinski,Ultrasonic?Harmonic?Imaging?in?Nondestructive?Evaluation:Preliminary?Experimental?Study，IEEE?Ultrasonics?Symposium,2000:801-904
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of nonlinear acoustics lossless detection method and device; It can reduce the frequency alias that receives between fundamental frequency signal in the signal and the each harmonic signal; The raising system does not cause the decline of system axial resolution characteristic simultaneously to the detectability of non-linear component.
Technical scheme provided by the invention is following:
A kind of material lossless detection method based on nonlinear acoustics comprises the steps:
1) test specimen is clamped on the anchor clamps of pick-up unit to scan;
2) generation unit that transmits in the pick-up unit generates and transmits, and drives transmitting transducer emission acoustical signal through power amplifier and matching network;
3) receiving element through after amplification, filtering and the digitizing, carries out hyperchannel bandpass filtering and matched filter processing with the scattering that receives or transmission signal, and the fundamental frequency and the each harmonic Signal Separation that receive in the signal are come out;
4) the each harmonic signal of separating is carried out further aftertreatment and storage;
5) change scanning position, repeating step 2)-4), each assigned address of test specimen is carried out Acoustic detection;
6) if all scanning is accomplished, then to the whole locational each harmonic data that obtained analyze, image is synthetic and show and storage, accomplishes whole testing process;
Wherein, step 2) thus in to transmit be through using the Gaussian window function gaussian envelope signal that windowing obtains to simple signal.
Described detection method, the form of said gaussian envelope signal is following:
Wherein, N is counting of window function, the number of samples that promptly whole transponder pulse length is corresponding; α is a constant, its sign be with corresponding Gaussian distribution in the coefficient that is inversely proportional to of standard deviation, promptly α is big more, the shape of window function is just sharp-pointed more, then azimuthal resolution is high more, but frequency domain expansion also can increase simultaneously;
f
sBe sampling rate, f
0Be the simple signal frequency,
Be initial phase.
Described detection method, the value of α are used according to actual detected the demand of azimuthal resolution are confirmed through experiment.
Described detection method; In the step 3); Promptly to received signal on the Signal Processing; Use the BPF. group will receive fundamental frequency and each order harmonics component separating in the signal respectively earlier, use the corresponding matched wave filter to carry out matched filter processing respectively to fundamental frequency and each harmonic signal after separating then; Wherein, the structure of matched filter adopts the copy correlator configuration, and with the gaussian envelope signal of emission and each rank higher hamonic wave signal thereof the reference signal as the copy correlator.
Described detection method in the step 5), through the motion of scanister, changes the X-Y plane relative position of transmitting transducer and test specimen, thereby realizes the X-Y plane two-dimensional scan to whole test specimen; Through transmitting transducer (promptly axial along sound beam direction; The Z direction) mechanical scanning on; And combine the advantage of the higher axial resolution that this method has; Can realize test specimen scanning in the axial direction, thereby can accomplish three dimensional non-linear acoustic characteristic scanning, so as to realizing three-dimensional accurately location microdefect in the test specimen to test specimen.
In order to cooperate above-mentioned detection method; The present invention provides a kind of material the cannot-harm-detection device (ginseng Fig. 7) based on nonlinear acoustics simultaneously; Comprise: scanning platform, signal generating unit 1, emission D/A 2, emission power amplifier and the matching network 3, lock unit 4, reception signal processing unit 5, transmitting transducer 7, receiving transducer 8, receiving preamplifier 9, the reception A/D converter 10 that are used for test specimen is carried out mechanical scanning
Said signal generating unit 1 is used to produce gaussian envelope and transmits, and this unit generates the data of all sampled points that transmit, and will generate data then and send into to launch in the D/A 2 and convert simulating signal to; Signal generating unit 1 is connected with emission power amplifier and matching network 3, the signal that generates is sent into emission power amplifier amplify; In addition, signal generating unit 1 also is connected with lock unit 4, transmitting of generation is delivered to reception signal processing unit 5 through lock unit, as the reference signal that receives matched filter in the signal processing unit;
Said transmitting transducer 7 is connected with emission power amplifier and matching network 3, emission acoustical signal under the excitation of emission power amplifier;
Said receiving transducer 8 converts the acoustical signal that receives into electric signal, sends into receiving preamplifier 9 then and amplifies;
Said reception A/D converter 10 receives signal processing unit 5 with giving after the receiving signal digitalization after receiving preamplifier 9 amplifications;
Said reception signal processing unit 5 is from receiving the reception signal after signal A/D converter 10 is obtained digitizing; This unit also is connected with lock unit 4, through lock unit 4 realize with data generating unit 1 synchronously;
Said reception signal processing unit 5 comprises the BPF. group 12 that receives on the signal Processing path, is used for separating the fundamental frequency and the each harmonic composition that receive signal; Also comprise being positioned at BPF. group matched filter banks 6 afterwards, be used to handle fundamental frequency and each harmonic signal by after the aforesaid filters separation.
Described pick-up unit also comprises post-processing unit 11, receives signal processing unit 5 and is connected with post-processing unit 11, gives post-processing unit 11 with the reception signal after handling and carries out aftertreatment, and said aftertreatment comprises Signal Processing and demonstration.
Described pick-up unit, transmitting transducer 7 comprises with the arrangement of receiving transducer 8: the various arrangements such as reflection mode that the transmission mode of transmitting-receiving transducer separation, transmitting-receiving separate and tilt opposed reflection mode and receive and dispatch the transducer unification.
Described pick-up unit, said signal generating unit 1, wherein the generation of data realizes through the program that operates on the processor, perhaps through the logic realization in the programming device.
Signal the transmitting of the use gaussian envelope windowing that the present invention proposes as nonlinear acoustics the cannot-harm-detection device; Can significantly reduce and receive in the signal between the fundamental frequency and higher hamonic wave and the frequency domain aliasing between the each harmonic, thereby improve the detectability of device the non-linear component in the signal.In addition; The reduction of the medium-high frequency that transmits composition helps reducing the non-linear of emission power amplifier and transmitting transducer and matching network thereof; Thereby can improve the non-linear detection ability of pick-up unit, and help launching the reduction of subsystem cost and complexity.Simultaneously, gaussian envelope signal fundamental frequency and each harmonic composition are carried out corresponding matched Filtering Processing higher azimuthal resolution can realize than adopt Tone Burst signal the time.
Gaussian envelope signal and Tone Burst signal to be all 4 cycles in the accompanying drawing are example; The fundamental frequency of gaussian envelope signal and the frequency domain aliasing between the second harmonic reduce more than 90% than Tone Burst signal; And simultaneously azimuthal resolution improves approximately 20% than Tone Burst signal, and effect is remarkable.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 .Tone Burst time domain waveform that transmits
The frequency domain aliasing of Fig. 2 .Tone Burst fundamental frequency signal and harmonic signal is serious
Fig. 3. the gaussian envelope time domain waveform that transmits
The amplitude spectrum contrast that transmits after Fig. 4 .Tone_Burst and the gaussian envelope windowing
Fig. 5. gaussian envelope adds the window signal fundamental frequency and harmonic signal frequency domain aliasing is minimum
Fig. 6 .Tone Burst and gaussian envelope add the matched filter output contrast of window signal
Fig. 7. nonlinear acoustics the cannot-harm-detection device structured flowchart
Fig. 8. nonlinear acoustics the cannot-harm-detection device embodiment block diagram
Fig. 9. the said method flow diagram of the embodiment of the invention
Embodiment
Below will combine accompanying drawing, the concrete implementation of method of the present invention and device thereof will be elaborated.
Nonlinear acoustics lossless detection method provided by the invention, it comprises:
Use the Gaussian window function to the simple signal windowing, thereby obtain the gaussian envelope signal as transmitting, this signal frequency domain broadening is little, thereby reduces the frequency alias that receives between fundamental frequency signal in the signal and the each harmonic signal.
The Gaussian window function expression that adopts is:
N is counting of window function in the following formula, the number of samples that promptly whole transponder pulse length is corresponding; α is a constant, its sign be with corresponding Gaussian distribution in the coefficient that is inversely proportional to of standard deviation, promptly α is big more, the shape of window function is just sharp-pointed more, then azimuthal resolution is high more, but frequency domain expansion also can increase simultaneously.α can use according to actual detected the demand of azimuthal resolution is confirmed through experiment.
Simple signal before the windowing is:
Wherein
(f
sBe sampling rate, f
0Be the simple signal frequency),
Be initial phase.
Then the signal after Gauss's windowing is:
Gaussian envelope after the windowing time domain waveform that transmits is as shown in Figure 3.
Because the Fourier transform of Gaussian function also is the Gaussian function form, the amplitude spectrum secondary lobe that gaussian envelope transmits is very low, and frequency domain expansion is also far below the Tone Burst signal of same period number.Fig. 4 is the contrast of normalization amplitude spectrum that is similarly the gaussian envelope signal in 4 cycles among Tone Burst signal and the Fig. 3 in 4 cycles among Fig. 1.It is thus clear that it has than the much lower secondary lobe of Tone Burst signal, and frequency domain expansion also is much better than Tone Burst signal.
Provided the amplitude spectrum of gaussian envelope signal fundamental frequency and second harmonic among Fig. 5, comparison diagram 5 can find that with Fig. 2 the aliasing between gaussian envelope signal fundamental frequency and second harmonic is much smaller than the situation of the Tone Burst signal of same period number.Similarly, the frequency domain aliasing between each time higher hamonic wave of gaussian envelope signal also is superior to the situation of Tone Burst signal.
In the reception and processing of signal, method of the present invention uses the BPF. group will receive fundamental frequency and each order harmonics component separating in the signal respectively.
Fundamental frequency after will separating then and each harmonic signal are sent into the corresponding matched wave filter respectively and are carried out matched filter processing.
Matched filter is the signal transient power of filter output and the maximum linear filter of ratio of noise average power, i.e. optimal linear filtering device under the output signal-to-noise ratio maximal criterion.The transport function form of its wave filter is the complex conjugate of input signal frequency domain form.That is:
Wherein H (f) is the transport function of matched filter, and S (f) is the frequency domain form of input signal, and j is an imaginary unit, t
0Time span for signal.
The normalization result that Tone Burst signal and the gaussian envelope signal that Fig. 6 is 4 cycles for aforementioned two length exported after through the corresponding matched wave filter with and envelope.Axial resolution for detection system depends primarily on the width of signal through the half-power point (3dB point) of the output envelope of matched filter.As shown in Figure 6, width between half-power points means promptly that less than Tone Burst signal the gaussian envelope signal can realize the higher axial resolution of Tone Burst signal than same pulse length after the gaussian envelope matched filter processing.
The matched filter processing result of fundamental frequency signal and each harmonic can carry out subsequent treatment respectively to obtain the result that each harmonic separates, and also can the result of each harmonic be combined by certain rule to process and display.
Like Fig. 7 and shown in Figure 9, the invention provides and a kind ofly adopt gaussian envelope to transmit and adopt the nonlinear acoustics lossless detection method of corresponding matched filter processing at receiving end, it comprises the steps:
(1) measured workpiece is clamped on the anchor clamps in the pick-up unit tank, makes interested zone to be measured be positioned at the sweep limit of pick-up unit;
(2) the input detected parameters mainly comprises the material velocity of sound, sweep limit and scan mode (selection of A/B/C scan mode);
(3) scanister can be planned scanning pattern automatically according to the scan mode and the sweep limit of input;
(4) the three-dimensional machinery scanning mechanism in the device can move to the scanning position of appointment according to the good scanning pattern of planning;
(5) generation unit that transmits in the device can generate and transmit, and drives transmitting transducer emission acoustical signal through power amplifier and matching network;
(6) receiving element through after amplification, filtering and the digitizing, carries out hyperchannel bandpass filtering and matched filter processing with the scattering that receives or transmission signal, and the fundamental frequency and the each harmonic Signal Separation that receive in the signal are come out;
(7) the each harmonic signal of separating is carried out further aftertreatment and storage;
(8) judge whether scanning is accomplished, and if not, then Acoustic detection is carried out to each assigned address in the scanning pattern in repeating step (4)-(7);
(9) if all scanning is accomplished, then to the whole locational each harmonic data that obtained analyze, image is synthetic and show and storage, accomplishes whole testing process.
In the step (5), fundamental frequency, periodicity and Gaussian window alpha generation form following the transmit data of generating unit according to setting transmit:
The generation of these data that transmit can realize through the program that operates on the processor, also can pass through the logic realization in the programming device.This transmits data under the emission synchronizing signal control that lock unit provides, and is admitted in the A/D converter of the generating unit that transmits, with sampling clock f
sConvert simulating signal into.This simulating signal is through the amplification of high linearity power amplifier, and process transmitting transducer match circuit feed-in transmitting transducer.In addition, the data that transmit of generation are also sent in the matched filter that receives in the processing unit signal as a reference.
Transmitting transducer is launched the fundamental frequency acoustical signal under this signal excitation.Acoustical signal propagates in the test specimen through the water between transmitting transducer and the test specimen.The scattered signal that the incident sound signal produces in test specimen propagates into receiving transducer, is transformed to electric signal through receiving transducer then and sends in the receiving circuit.
In the step (6), the low-noise preamplifier in the receiving circuit amplifies to received signal, and gain amplifier can reach 40 ~ 60dB even higher usually.Send into the digital filter bank that receives signal processing unit after the signal process A/D converter digitizing after the amplification.
Digital filter bank is made up of some BPF.s, and wherein each BPF. then is used for the fundamental component and each the rank higher hamonic wave that receive signal are separated separately.For example for certain specific system, care be the characteristic of fundamental frequency until harmonic signal.Three BPF.s then are set respectively, and its centre frequency is respectively f
0, 2f
0And 3f
0, bandwidth is then selected according to the frequency characteristic that the gaussian envelope that adopts transmits.Most of energy that promptly should guarantee fundamental frequency and each harmonic signal can pass through BPF., increases the interval between each BPF. cutoff frequency simultaneously as far as possible, to guarantee the degree of separation of fundamental frequency signal and each harmonic signalling channel.
Filtered each the road signal of digital band pass is sent into the corresponding matched wave filter respectively and is carried out matched filter processing.The structure of matched filter can adopt the copy correlator configuration.Because gaussian envelope signal and each rank higher hamonic wave signal thereof of emission are known signal, therefore can be used as the reference signal of copy correlator.The each harmonic signal promptly can be used for the aftertreatment of non-linear detection through the output after the matched filter processing.
Embodiment 1:
As shown in Figure 7; A kind of material the cannot-harm-detection device (ginseng Fig. 7) based on nonlinear acoustics; Comprise: scanning platform, signal generating unit 1, emission D/A 2, emission power amplifier and the matching network 3, lock unit 4, reception signal processing unit 5, transmitting transducer 7, receiving transducer 8, receiving preamplifier 9, the reception A/D converter 10 that are used for test specimen is carried out mechanical scanning
Said signal generating unit 1 is used to produce gaussian envelope and transmits, and this unit generates the data of all sampled points that transmit, and will generate data then and send into to launch in the D/A 2 and convert simulating signal to; Signal generating unit 1 is connected with emission power amplifier and matching network 3, the signal that generates is sent into emission power amplifier amplify; In addition, signal generating unit 1 also is connected with lock unit 4, transmitting of generation is delivered to reception signal processing unit 5 through lock unit, as the reference signal that receives matched filter in the signal processing unit;
Said transmitting transducer 7 is connected with emission power amplifier and matching network 3, emission acoustical signal under the excitation of emission power amplifier;
Said receiving transducer 8 converts the acoustical signal that receives into electric signal, sends into receiving preamplifier 9 then and amplifies;
Said reception A/D converter 10 receives signal processing unit 5 with giving after the receiving signal digitalization after receiving preamplifier 9 amplifications;
Said reception signal processing unit 5 is from receiving the reception signal after signal A/D converter 10 is obtained digitizing; This unit also is connected with lock unit 4, through lock unit 4 realize with data generating unit 1 synchronously;
Said reception signal processing unit 5 comprises the BPF. group 12 that receives on the signal Processing path, is used for separating the fundamental frequency and the each harmonic composition that receive signal; Also comprise being positioned at BPF. group matched filter banks 6 afterwards, be used to handle fundamental frequency and each harmonic signal by after the aforesaid filters separation.
Described pick-up unit also comprises post-processing unit 11, receives signal processing unit 5 and is connected with post-processing unit 11, gives post-processing unit 11 with the reception signal after handling and carries out aftertreatment, and said aftertreatment comprises Signal Processing and demonstration.
Described pick-up unit, transmitting transducer 7 comprises with the arrangement of receiving transducer 8: the various arrangements such as reflection mode that the transmission mode of transmitting-receiving transducer separation, transmitting-receiving separate and tilt opposed reflection mode and receive and dispatch the transducer unification.
Described pick-up unit, said signal generating unit 1, wherein the generation of data realizes through the program that operates on the processor, perhaps through the logic realization in the programming device.
Embodiment 2:
As shown in Figure 8, transmit and receive transducer and be installed on the three-dimensional precision optical machinery scanister.Transducer is positioned carry out above-mentioned send-receive-treatment step then on the ad-hoc location of test specimen through this scanister, can obtains to be positioned at the nonlinear acoustics characteristic of the test specimen of transmitting transducer along.Through the motion of scanister, change the relative position of transmitting transducer and test specimen, and repeat above-mentioned steps in each position, can realize scanning to whole test specimen.To should be mentioned that especially; Through using the less transmitting transducer of relative aperture (F number) to obtain little axial burnt section length; And combine the characteristics of the higher axial resolution that this method has; Can be implemented in the scanning on the sound beam direction, thereby can accomplish three dimensional non-linear acoustic characteristic scanning, so as to realizing three-dimensional accurately location microdefect in the test specimen to test specimen.
What should indicate is; Though what in the embodiment of Fig. 8, use is the transmissive operation mode that emission separates with receiving transducer; But the method that the present invention indicates is also applicable to comprising the reflecting operating mode of emission with receiving transducer unification, and transmits and receives transducer other transducer arrangement modes such as opposed reflecting operating mode that tilt.
Claims (9)
1. the material lossless detection method based on nonlinear acoustics comprises the steps:
1) test specimen is clamped on the anchor clamps of pick-up unit to scan;
2) generation unit that transmits in the pick-up unit generates and transmits, and drives transmitting transducer emission acoustical signal through power amplifier and matching network;
3) receiving element through after amplification, filtering and the digitizing, carries out hyperchannel bandpass filtering and matched filter processing with the scattering that receives or transmission signal, and the fundamental frequency and the each harmonic Signal Separation that receive in the signal are come out;
4) the each harmonic signal of separating is carried out further aftertreatment and storage;
5) change scanning position, repeating step 2)-4), each assigned address of test specimen is carried out Acoustic detection;
6) if all scanning is accomplished, then to the whole locational each harmonic data that obtained analyze, image is synthetic and show and storage, accomplishes whole testing process;
Wherein, step 2) thus in to transmit be through using the Gaussian window function gaussian envelope signal that windowing obtains to simple signal.
2. detection method as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, the form of said gaussian envelope signal is following:
Wherein, N is counting of window function, the number of samples that promptly whole transponder pulse length is corresponding; α is a constant, its sign be with corresponding Gaussian distribution in the coefficient that is inversely proportional to of standard deviation, promptly α is big more, the shape of window function is just sharp-pointed more, then azimuthal resolution is high more, but frequency domain expansion also can increase simultaneously;
f
sBe sampling rate, f
0Be the simple signal frequency,
Be initial phase.
3. detection method as claimed in claim 2 is characterized in that, the value of α is used according to actual detected the demand of azimuthal resolution is confirmed through experiment.
4. detection method as claimed in claim 2; It is characterized in that; In the step 3); Promptly to received signal on the Signal Processing, use the BPF. group will receive fundamental frequency and each order harmonics component separating in the signal respectively earlier, use the corresponding matched wave filter to carry out matched filter processing respectively to fundamental frequency and each harmonic signal after the separation then; Wherein, the structure of matched filter adopts the copy correlator configuration, and with the gaussian envelope signal of emission and each rank higher hamonic wave signal thereof the reference signal as the copy correlator.
5. detection method as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, in the step 5), through the motion of scanister, changes the relative position on X-Y plane of transmitting transducer and test specimen, thereby realizes the X-Y plane two-dimensional scan to whole test specimen; Through transmitting transducer along the mechanical scanning on the sound beam direction; And combine the advantage of the higher axial resolution that this method has; Can be implemented in test specimen scanning in the axial direction; Thereby can accomplish three dimensional non-linear acoustic characteristic scanning, so as to realizing three-dimensional accurately location to microdefect in the test specimen to test specimen.
6. material the cannot-harm-detection device based on nonlinear acoustics; Comprise: scanning platform, signal generating unit (1), emission D/A (2), emission power amplifier and the matching network (3), lock unit (4), reception signal processing unit (5), transmitting transducer (7), receiving transducer (8), receiving preamplifier (9), the reception A/D converter (10) that are used for test specimen is carried out mechanical scanning; It is characterized in that
Said signal generating unit (1) is used to produce gaussian envelope and transmits, and this unit generates the data of all sampled points that transmit, and will generate data then and send into to launch in the D/A (2) and convert simulating signal to; Signal generating unit (1) is connected with emission power amplifier and matching network (3), the signal that generates is sent into emission power amplifier amplify; In addition, signal generating unit (1) also is connected with lock unit (4), transmitting of generation is delivered to reception signal processing unit (5) through lock unit, as the reference signal that receives matched filter in the signal processing unit;
Said transmitting transducer (7) is connected with emission power amplifier and matching network (3), emission acoustical signal under the excitation of emission power amplifier;
Said receiving transducer (8) converts the acoustical signal that receives into electric signal, sends into receiving preamplifier (9) then and amplifies;
Said reception A/D converter (10) receives signal processing unit (5) with giving after the receiving signal digitalization after receiving preamplifier (9) amplification;
Said reception signal processing unit (5) is from receiving the reception signal after signal A/D converter (10) is obtained digitizing; This unit also is connected with lock unit (4), through lock unit (4) realize with data generating unit (1) synchronously;
Said reception signal processing unit (5) comprises the BPF. group (12) that receives on the signal Processing path, is used for separating the fundamental frequency and the each harmonic composition that receive signal; Also comprise being positioned at BPF. group matched filter banks (6) afterwards, be used to handle fundamental frequency and each harmonic signal by after the aforesaid filters separation.
7. pick-up unit as claimed in claim 6; It is characterized in that; Also comprise post-processing unit (11); Receive signal processing unit (5) and be connected with post-processing unit (11), give post-processing unit (11) with the reception signal after handling and carry out aftertreatment, said aftertreatment comprises Signal Processing and demonstration.
8. pick-up unit as claimed in claim 6; It is characterized in that transmitting transducer (7) comprising with the arrangement of receiving transducer (8): the reflection mode that the transmission mode of transmitting-receiving transducer separation, transmitting-receiving separate and tilt opposed reflection mode and receive and dispatch the transducer unification.
9. pick-up unit as claimed in claim 6 is characterized in that, said signal generating unit (1), and wherein the generation of data realizes through the program that operates on the processor, perhaps through the logic realization in the programming device.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
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| CN102980945A (en) * | 2012-10-11 | 2013-03-20 | 北京工业大学 | Frequency mixing nonlinear ultrasonic detection method for structure microcracks based on bispectrum analysis |
| CN103926320A (en) * | 2013-12-04 | 2014-07-16 | 中航复合材料有限责任公司 | Nonlinear ultrasonic imaging detection method based on automatic scanning |
| CN104535656A (en) * | 2014-12-17 | 2015-04-22 | 江苏大学 | All-optical non-contact type composite material plate layer crack damage detection system and method |
| CN105004880A (en) * | 2015-07-06 | 2015-10-28 | 杭州水进环境科技有限公司 | ADCP flow velocity measuring system employing high-order harmonic components |
| CN105911153A (en) * | 2016-04-08 | 2016-08-31 | 暨南大学 | Signal separating and denoising method and apparatus based on moving window function |
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| CN111442869A (en) * | 2020-04-30 | 2020-07-24 | 北京理工大学 | Nonlinear ultrasonic detection method for axial stress of bolt |
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| CN114324593A (en) * | 2021-12-31 | 2022-04-12 | 中广核检测技术有限公司 | Nonlinear ultrasonic conventional ultrasonic comprehensive detection device and method |
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| CN102980945A (en) * | 2012-10-11 | 2013-03-20 | 北京工业大学 | Frequency mixing nonlinear ultrasonic detection method for structure microcracks based on bispectrum analysis |
| CN103926320A (en) * | 2013-12-04 | 2014-07-16 | 中航复合材料有限责任公司 | Nonlinear ultrasonic imaging detection method based on automatic scanning |
| CN103926320B (en) * | 2013-12-04 | 2016-06-01 | 中航复合材料有限责任公司 | A kind of non-linear ultrasonic imaging detection method based on autoscan |
| CN104535656B (en) * | 2014-12-17 | 2017-10-20 | 江苏大学 | Full optical non-contact plies of composite material splits damage detection system and method |
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| CN106896161A (en) * | 2015-12-17 | 2017-06-27 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Signal receiving and processing circuit of pipeline anticorrosive coating joint coating bonding quality detector |
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| CN105911153B (en) * | 2016-04-08 | 2018-07-13 | 暨南大学 | A kind of Signal separator and denoising method and device based on mobile window function |
| CN108169330B (en) * | 2018-03-07 | 2020-09-11 | 哈尔滨工业大学深圳研究生院 | Device and method for nondestructive testing of axial stress of concrete member based on nonlinear ultrasonic harmonic method |
| CN108169330A (en) * | 2018-03-07 | 2018-06-15 | 哈尔滨工业大学深圳研究生院 | The device and method of concrete component axial stress non-destructive testing based on non-linear ultrasonic Harmonic Method |
| CN110427823A (en) * | 2019-06-28 | 2019-11-08 | 北京大学 | Joint objective detection method and device based on video frame and pulse array signals |
| CN111442869A (en) * | 2020-04-30 | 2020-07-24 | 北京理工大学 | Nonlinear ultrasonic detection method for axial stress of bolt |
| CN112083080A (en) * | 2020-09-22 | 2020-12-15 | 中南大学 | Nonlinear pulse reflection measuring device, and device and method for checking probe in nonlinear pulse reflection measuring device |
| CN112083080B (en) * | 2020-09-22 | 2022-03-18 | 中南大学 | Nonlinear pulse reflection measuring device, and device and method for checking probe in nonlinear pulse reflection measuring device |
| CN113155967A (en) * | 2021-04-22 | 2021-07-23 | 上海工程技术大学 | Phased array nonlinear laser ultrasonic detection system |
| CN114324593A (en) * | 2021-12-31 | 2022-04-12 | 中广核检测技术有限公司 | Nonlinear ultrasonic conventional ultrasonic comprehensive detection device and method |
| JP7213511B1 (en) * | 2022-09-07 | 2023-01-27 | 東京瓦斯株式会社 | ULTRASOUND INSPECTION METHOD, ULTRASOUND INSPECTION DEVICE AND PROGRAM |
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