CN108223737A - 致动器 - Google Patents
致动器 Download PDFInfo
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- CN108223737A CN108223737A CN201711230014.2A CN201711230014A CN108223737A CN 108223737 A CN108223737 A CN 108223737A CN 201711230014 A CN201711230014 A CN 201711230014A CN 108223737 A CN108223737 A CN 108223737A
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- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 210000000078 claw Anatomy 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000036316 preload Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16H—GEARING
- F16H25/00—Gearings comprising primarily only cams, cam-followers and screw-and-nut mechanisms
- F16H25/18—Gearings comprising primarily only cams, cam-followers and screw-and-nut mechanisms for conveying or interconverting oscillating or reciprocating motions
- F16H25/20—Screw mechanisms
- F16H25/24—Elements essential to such mechanisms, e.g. screws, nuts
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16H—GEARING
- F16H25/00—Gearings comprising primarily only cams, cam-followers and screw-and-nut mechanisms
- F16H25/18—Gearings comprising primarily only cams, cam-followers and screw-and-nut mechanisms for conveying or interconverting oscillating or reciprocating motions
- F16H25/20—Screw mechanisms
- F16H25/2003—Screw mechanisms with arrangements for taking up backlash
- F16H25/2006—Screw mechanisms with arrangements for taking up backlash with more than one nut or with nuts consisting of more than one bearing part
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61G—TRANSPORT, PERSONAL CONVEYANCES, OR ACCOMMODATION SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PATIENTS OR DISABLED PERSONS; OPERATING TABLES OR CHAIRS; CHAIRS FOR DENTISTRY; FUNERAL DEVICES
- A61G13/00—Operating tables; Auxiliary appliances therefor
- A61G13/02—Adjustable operating tables; Controls therefor
- A61G13/04—Adjustable operating tables; Controls therefor tiltable around transverse or longitudinal axis
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16H—GEARING
- F16H25/00—Gearings comprising primarily only cams, cam-followers and screw-and-nut mechanisms
- F16H25/18—Gearings comprising primarily only cams, cam-followers and screw-and-nut mechanisms for conveying or interconverting oscillating or reciprocating motions
- F16H25/20—Screw mechanisms
- F16H25/22—Screw mechanisms with balls, rollers, or similar members between the co-operating parts; Elements essential to the use of such members
- F16H25/2247—Screw mechanisms with balls, rollers, or similar members between the co-operating parts; Elements essential to the use of such members with rollers
- F16H25/2266—Screw mechanisms with balls, rollers, or similar members between the co-operating parts; Elements essential to the use of such members with rollers arranged substantially in parallel to the screw shaft axis
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16H—GEARING
- F16H25/00—Gearings comprising primarily only cams, cam-followers and screw-and-nut mechanisms
- F16H25/18—Gearings comprising primarily only cams, cam-followers and screw-and-nut mechanisms for conveying or interconverting oscillating or reciprocating motions
- F16H25/20—Screw mechanisms
- F16H25/24—Elements essential to such mechanisms, e.g. screws, nuts
- F16H25/2454—Brakes; Rotational locks
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16H—GEARING
- F16H25/00—Gearings comprising primarily only cams, cam-followers and screw-and-nut mechanisms
- F16H25/18—Gearings comprising primarily only cams, cam-followers and screw-and-nut mechanisms for conveying or interconverting oscillating or reciprocating motions
- F16H25/20—Screw mechanisms
- F16H25/2003—Screw mechanisms with arrangements for taking up backlash
- F16H2025/2012—Screw mechanisms with arrangements for taking up backlash using a spring member creating rotary torque for counter rotating the two nuts, e.g. a torsion bar
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16H—GEARING
- F16H25/00—Gearings comprising primarily only cams, cam-followers and screw-and-nut mechanisms
- F16H25/18—Gearings comprising primarily only cams, cam-followers and screw-and-nut mechanisms for conveying or interconverting oscillating or reciprocating motions
- F16H25/20—Screw mechanisms
- F16H2025/2062—Arrangements for driving the actuator
- F16H2025/209—Arrangements for driving the actuator using worm gears
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16H—GEARING
- F16H25/00—Gearings comprising primarily only cams, cam-followers and screw-and-nut mechanisms
- F16H25/18—Gearings comprising primarily only cams, cam-followers and screw-and-nut mechanisms for conveying or interconverting oscillating or reciprocating motions
- F16H25/20—Screw mechanisms
- F16H25/22—Screw mechanisms with balls, rollers, or similar members between the co-operating parts; Elements essential to the use of such members
- F16H25/2247—Screw mechanisms with balls, rollers, or similar members between the co-operating parts; Elements essential to the use of such members with rollers
- F16H2025/228—Screw mechanisms having rollers being supported by the screw shaft and engaging the nut
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T74/00—Machine element or mechanism
- Y10T74/19—Gearing
- Y10T74/1987—Rotary bodies
- Y10T74/19893—Sectional
- Y10T74/19898—Backlash take-up
- Y10T74/19902—Screw and nut
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Transmission Devices (AREA)
Abstract
提出了一种致动器,包括一个第一和至少一个第二螺母(10、12)以及被螺接拧入这两螺母内的螺纹轴(14),其中,所述第一螺母在所述螺纹轴上施加第一力,所述第二螺母在所述螺纹轴上施加第二力,所述第一力的方向与所述第二力的方向不同。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及致动器(actuator)的领域。
背景技术
已知一种致动器,其包括螺纹轴(/丝杠)(threaded spindle)和气弹簧。气弹簧沿螺纹轴的纵向与螺纹轴联接。还已知没有气弹簧的致动器,其中在致动器内存在一定的轴向游隙。
此外,已知使用液压缸来移动的手术台,该液压缸在很大程度上(largely)没有游隙。
发明内容
本发明的目的尤其在于提供一种上述类型的致动器,所述致动器当被安装在手术台或治疗椅中时允许其舒适地运动。该目的通过本申请技术方案1的特征以及通过本申请技术方案6的特征而创造性地实现,而本发明的有利设计和进一步发展可以由从属技术方案得到。
提出了一种致动器,包括一个第一螺母和至少一个第二螺母以及包括被螺接拧入这两螺母内的螺纹轴,其中,所述第一螺母在所述螺纹轴上施加第一力,所述第二螺母在所述螺纹轴上施加第二力,所述第一力的方向与所述第二力的方向不同。根据本发明,实现的是,安装在手术台或治疗椅中的致动器允许其舒适的运动。尤其能够实现的是,致动器的轴向游隙小,使得当致动器负责(responsible for)纵向或侧向倾斜时,随着作用在致动器上的负载方向(load direction)变化,即使在其(/致动器)被设置成靠近用于相应运动的枢轴点的情况下,致动器也不允许手术台或治疗椅的急动(/忽动)(jerky movement)。这里,没有急动使得增加了手术台或治疗椅的运动舒适性。特别是,致动器具有非常紧凑的结构和高的刚度。另外,致动器特别具有成本效益。
此外,提出的是,在所述第一力的方向与所述第二力的方向之间存在至少30°的角度。该角度优选为至少140°。
另外,提出了一种致动器,包括螺纹轴和至少一个螺母,其中螺母的内螺纹的端部几何形状至少部分地通过螺接拧入螺纹轴而产生。根据本发明实现的是,安装在手术台或治疗椅中的致动器允许其舒适的运动。尤其能够实现的是,致动器的轴向游隙小,使得当致动器负责纵向或侧向倾斜时,随着作用在致动器上的负载方向变化,即使在其(/致动器)被设置成靠近用于相应运动的枢轴点的情况下,致动器也不允许手术台或治疗椅的急动(/忽动)。这里,没有急动使得增加了手术台或治疗椅的运动舒适性。特别是,致动器具有非常紧凑的结构和高的刚度。另外,致动器特别具有成本效益。
优选的是,所述致动器包括至少一个第一组成部件,第一组成部件包括(有)内螺纹的部分区域;第一组成部件与所述螺纹轴的转动轴线大致垂直地在所述螺纹轴上施加力。由此能够实现的是,致动器的轴向游隙在长的使用寿命期间小。
优选的是,所述致动器包括位于所述(两)螺母之间的容腔,所述容腔为另一螺母提供了空间,该另一螺母在所述致动器的螺母断裂(breakage)的情况下承担载荷并且防止台子(/台)(table)的快速移动。
附图说明
另外的优点从以下附图说明得到。附图示出了本发明的示例性实施方式。附图、说明书和权利要求书包含许多特征组合。本领域技术人员还将有利地以单个的方式以及以另有意义组合的方式考虑这些特征。
图1示出了本发明的第一示例性实施方式的纵截面,
图2示出了第二示例性实施方式的纵截面。
附图标记说明
10 螺母
12 螺母
14 螺纹轴(/丝杠)(threaded spindle)
16 滚动轴承
18 滚动轴承
20 夹紧联接器(clamp coupling)
22 内螺纹
24 组成部件
26 转动轴线
28 弹簧元件
30 组成部件
32 座
34 部件
具体实施方式
图1示出了一种致动器,包括第一螺母10和第二螺母12。螺纹轴(/丝杠)(threadedspindle)14以无游隙的方式螺接拧入(screwed into)到(两)螺母内。(两)螺母设置在座(housing)32内。致动器还包括第一滚动轴承16和第二滚动轴承18。这两个滚动轴承(均)被构造为深沟球轴承。第一滚动轴承16在轴向上设置在座32与螺母10的一部分之间,特别是使得座32在滚动轴承16的外圈上施加力、而螺母的一部分在滚动轴承16的内圈上施加力,由此实现轴承16的预紧(preload),同时螺母10沿远离滚动轴承16的轴向压靠螺纹轴14。此外,滚动轴承18以类似的方式设置在座32与螺母12的一部分之间,使得座沿轴向在滚动轴承18的外圈上施加力、而螺母12的一部分沿远离滚动轴承16的轴向在滚动轴承18的内圈上施加力,并且滚动轴承18的内圈在螺母12上施加力,这沿远离滚动轴承18的轴向抵着螺纹轴14推(压)螺母12。因此,螺母10施加在螺纹轴14上的力和螺母12施加在螺纹轴14上的力在方向上平行且相反,其中各方向均与螺纹轴14的转动轴线平行。螺母10、12还形成爪式联接器(claw coupling)20,由此在螺母之间传递扭矩。滚动轴承相对于座32而言可转动地支撑螺母。由于(两)螺母沿相反的方向在螺纹轴14上施加力,因此致动器的轴向游隙(axialclearance)被最小化。驱动器被连接到螺纹轴14以用于操作致动器。
在安装的状态下,致动器是手术台或治疗椅(operating table or treatmentchair)的一部分,并实现手术台或治疗椅的纵向或侧向倾斜。在组合时螺纹轴14与螺母是自锁定的。没有用于制动(braking)螺纹轴14的额外制动器。螺纹轴14的螺纹的螺距(pitch)相对低。由于螺纹轴14是自锁定的,因此对于监视致动器的轴向游隙而言,无需考虑致动器的驱动器的游隙。
在图2中描绘了作为另一种选择的示例性实施方式。本质上保持相同的组成部件、特征和功能通常用相同的附图标记标号。然而,为了区分示例性实施方式,将字母“a”添加到图2中的示例性实施方式的附图标记。以下说明本质上限于与图1中的示例性实施方式的不同之处,其中对于保持相同的组成部件、特征和功能,可以参照图1中的示例性实施方式的说明。
图2示出了本发明的致动器的作为另一种选择的示例性实施方式,其包括螺母10a和螺接拧入该螺母内的螺纹轴14a,其中螺母10a的内螺纹22a的端部几何形状通过将螺纹轴14a螺接拧入螺母10a内而部分地产生。
在制造致动器时,螺母10a的内螺纹在螺纹轴14a尚未螺接拧入的初始状态时比螺纹轴14a的螺纹窄。这里,螺纹轴14a具有梯形螺纹(trapezoidal thread),螺母10a具有矩形螺纹。通过首次将螺纹轴14a螺接拧入螺母10a内,螺母的螺纹被新开槽,即,被扩宽,其结果是被螺接拧入的螺纹轴相对于螺母的轴向游隙最小。
在制造(好)的状态下,致动器包括第一组成部件24a,第一组成部件24a包括(有)内螺纹的部分区域,该第一组成部件24a与螺纹轴14a的转动轴线26a垂直地在螺纹轴14a上施加力。该力由致动器的弹簧元件28a产生,该弹簧元件28a被构造为压缩弹簧;弹簧元件28a抵靠在组成部件24a上。另外,致动器包括第二组成部件30a,第二组成部件30a包括(有)内螺纹的部分区域,该第二组成部件32a与螺纹轴14a的转动轴线垂直地在螺纹轴14a上施加力。组成部件30a被设置成相对于组成部件24a沿轴向(即,沿着转动轴线)移位。
Claims (12)
1.一种致动器,包括一个第一和至少一个第二螺母(10、12)以及被螺接拧入这两螺母内的螺纹轴(14),其中,所述第一螺母在所述螺纹轴上施加第一力,所述第二螺母在所述螺纹轴上施加第二力,所述第一力的方向与所述第二力的方向不同。
2.根据权利要求1所述的致动器,其特征在于,在所述第一力的方向与所述第二力的方向之间存在至少30°的角度。
3.根据前述权利要求中的任一项所述的致动器,其特征在于,所述致动器包括至少一个第一滚动轴承(16),所述第一滚动轴承(16)包括至少一个内圈,所述内圈在所述第一螺母上施加力。
4.根据权利要求3所述的致动器,其特征在于,所述致动器包括至少一个第二滚动轴承(18),所述第二滚动轴承(18)包括至少一个内圈,所述内圈在所述第二螺母上施加力。
5.根据前述权利要求中的任一项所述的致动器,其特征在于,所述两螺母通过用于传递扭矩的爪式联接器(20)彼此联接。
6.一种致动器,包括螺纹轴(14a)和至少一个螺母(10a),其中,所述螺母的内螺纹(22a)的端部几何形状至少部分地通过螺接拧入所述螺纹轴而产生。
7.根据权利要求6所述的致动器,其特征在于,所述致动器包括至少一个第一组成部件(24a),所述第一组成部件(24a)包括内螺纹的部分区域,该第一组成部件(24a)与所述螺纹轴的转动轴线(26a)大致垂直地在所述螺纹轴上施加力。
8.根据权利要求7所述的致动器,其特征在于,所述致动器包括在所述第一组成部件上施加力的至少一个弹簧元件(28a)。
9.根据权利要求7或8所述的致动器,其特征在于,所述致动器包括至少一个第二组成部件(30a),所述第二组成部件(30a)包括内螺纹的部分区域,所述第二组成部件(30a)与所述螺纹轴的转动轴线大致垂直地在所述螺纹轴上施加力。
10.根据前述权利要求中的任一项所述的致动器,其特征在于,所述致动器包括位于所述螺母之间的容腔,所述容腔为另一螺母提供了空间,所述另一螺母在所述致动器的螺母断裂的情况下承担载荷并且防止台子的快速移动。
11.一种致动器,特别是根据前述权利要求中的任一项所述的致动器,包括螺纹轴(14)以及包括第一螺母(10),所述螺纹轴螺接拧入到所述第一螺母内,其中所述螺纹轴相对于所述螺母没有游隙。
12.一种手术台或治疗椅,包括根据前述权利要求中的任一项所述的致动器。
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DE102016224672.0 | 2016-12-12 | ||
DE102016224672.0A DE102016224672A1 (de) | 2016-12-12 | 2016-12-12 | Aktuator |
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Also Published As
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US10781899B2 (en) | 2020-09-22 |
DE102016224672A1 (de) | 2018-06-14 |
US20180163829A1 (en) | 2018-06-14 |
CN108223737B (zh) | 2024-02-13 |
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