CN108220357B - 一种吡咯-2-羧酸的应用及制备方法 - Google Patents

一种吡咯-2-羧酸的应用及制备方法 Download PDF

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CN108220357B
CN108220357B CN201711318227.0A CN201711318227A CN108220357B CN 108220357 B CN108220357 B CN 108220357B CN 201711318227 A CN201711318227 A CN 201711318227A CN 108220357 B CN108220357 B CN 108220357B
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王立岩
伍嘉慧
陈辉蓉
童晶
胡章立
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Abstract

本发明提供一种吡咯‑2‑羧酸的应用及制备方法,涉及化合物制备技术领域。其中,吡咯‑2‑羧酸应用于抑藻或杀藻中。利用吡咯‑2‑羧酸抑制赤潮中藻类的生长,使藻类细胞停止生长,甚至杀灭藻类细胞,以对大量爆发的赤潮进行治理。

Description

一种吡咯-2-羧酸的应用及制备方法
技术领域
本发明属于化合物制备技术领域,尤其涉及一种吡咯-2-羧酸的应用及制备 方法。
背景技术
赤潮(Red tide),是指在特定气候条件下海洋中一些藻类、原生动物或细 菌过度增殖而引起海水变色的有害现象。目前,绝大多数赤潮由藻类引起,由 于藻类种类的不同,爆发期海水除了红色外,也可呈现黄色、褐色或者绿色等 颜色,赤潮与淡水水华也并称为有害藻华(Harmful Algal Bloom,HAB)。赤 潮对海洋生物及人类造成的危害可以分为三个方面,首先,赤潮藻类会消耗海 水中的氧,或者赤潮藻细胞直接堵塞海洋生物的呼吸器官造成海洋鱼类等缺氧, 造成大量的鱼贝类死亡;其次,某些赤潮藻类能产毒素,可导致海洋生物的死 亡,有些毒素通过食物链的向上传递甚至可以导致人类食物中毒甚至死亡;最后,赤潮藻类的大量繁殖会打破海洋生态系统的平衡,使海域内的生物多样性 降低。海洋赤潮的预防与控制是当前的世界性难题。
近年来,由于赤潮爆发频率加快,许多国家和地区的专家学者都对赤潮灾 害的防治措施进行了大量研究。其中生物防治技术主要通过生物之间的营养竞 争关系来实现控藻,具有不会对环境造成污染的优点,成为最具发展前途的赤 潮防治方法。目前研究表明,海洋中存在溶藻菌,溶藻菌与赤潮藻类处于共生 体系中,可以直接或间接抑制藻类的生长,甚至使藻细胞裂解,表现出杀藻效 应。
但是,自然存在的溶藻菌在海洋中存在的量比较少,对赤潮的抑制作用不 明确,不能发挥对大量爆发赤潮的治理作用。
发明内容
本发明提供一种吡咯-2-羧酸的应用及制备方法,旨在解决溶藻菌在海洋中 存在的量比较少,对赤潮的抑制作用比较小,不能对大量爆发的赤潮起到治理 作用的问题。
本发明提供一种吡咯-2-羧酸的应用,所述吡咯-2-羧酸应用于抑藻或者杀 藻。
本发明提供一种吡咯-2-羧酸的制备方法,包括:
将黄杆菌(Arenibacter sp.6A1)接种到培养基中,并在温度为26~28℃, 摇床转速为160~200rpm的条件下发酵培养至少96h,得到发酵液;
利用乙酸乙酯对发酵液进行萃取,分离,得到吡咯-2-羧酸。
本发明提供一种吡咯-2-羧酸的应用及制备方法。利用吡咯-2-羧酸抑制赤潮 中藻类的生长,使藻类细胞停止生长,甚至杀灭藻类细胞,以对大量爆发的赤 潮进行治理。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案,下面将对实施 例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍,显而易见地,下面描述 中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例。
图1是本发明实施例制备得到的吡咯-2-羧酸在不同浓度、不同时间(15或 者120分钟)下对血红哈卡藻细胞数的影响的统计直方图;
图2是本发明实施例制备得到的吡咯-2-羧酸在不同浓度下120分钟对血红 哈卡藻的抑制率图。
具体实施方式
为使得本发明的发明目的、特征、优点能够更加的明显和易懂,下面将结 合本发明实施例中的附图,对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描 述,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例,而非全部实施例。基 于本发明中的实施例,本领域技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的 所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
本发明提供一种吡咯-2-羧酸的应用,即将吡咯-2-羧酸应用于抑藻或者杀藻 的活性。
本发明提供一种吡咯-2-羧酸的应用及制备方法,吡咯-2-羧酸具有抑藻或杀 藻的活性,利用吡咯-2-羧酸可以抑制赤潮中藻类的生长,或者杀死藻细胞,以 对大量爆发的赤潮进行治理。
本发明还提供一种吡咯-2-羧酸的制备方法,主要包括以下步骤:
步骤一、将黄杆菌(Arenibacter sp.6A1)接种到培养基中,并在温度为 26~28℃,摇床转速为160~200rpm的条件下培养发酵至少96h,得到发酵液;
黄杆菌(Arenibacter sp.6A1),已于2017年5月15日保藏于中国典型培养 物保藏中心(China Center for Type Culture Collection,简称:CCTCC,地址湖 北省武汉市武昌区八一路珞珈山,保藏编号为M2017262,命名为6A1。
具体地,将接种后的100mL培养基加入到250mL三角瓶中,保持温度为 26~28℃,摇床转速为160~200rpm,发酵至少96h,得到多瓶发酵液。优选地, 发酵时的温度为25℃,摇床转速为180rpm,发酵时间为96h。
具体地,步骤一中,培养基的配方为:蛋白胨5g/L,酵母膏1g/L,磷酸高 铁0.01g/L,海盐20g/L。
步骤二、利用乙酸乙酯对发酵后的培养基进行萃取,分离,得到吡咯-2-羧 酸。
具体地,步骤二中利用等体积的乙酸乙酯对发酵后的培养基进行萃取,将 萃取液在低于50℃的条件下蒸干,得乙酸乙酯层萃取物2.0g。分离的步骤包括:
利用稀盐酸将发酵液的pH值调至3~4,用乙酸乙酯进行萃取,得到萃取物;
其中,乙酸乙酯的体积与发酵液的体积比为1:1。
将萃取物在低于50℃的条件下蒸干,得乙酸乙酯层萃取物;
对乙酸乙酯层萃取物进行层析分离,并对层析分离后的馏份进行反相HPLC分离纯化,得到吡咯-2-羧酸。
进一步地,将乙酸乙酯层萃取物进行层析分离的方法包括:
将乙酸乙酯层萃取物溶于甲醇中,并利用Sephadex LH20柱进行层析;
用350~450mL洗脱溶剂进行等梯度洗脱,以5~50mL为一个馏份,依次收 集多个馏份,并将最后收集到的馏份作为目标馏份,其中,洗脱剂为甲醇和氯 仿按照1:1混合后的混合液。
在实际应用中,按照乙酸乙酯层萃取物质量的0.5~1.5mL/g量取甲醇来溶 解乙酸乙酯层萃取物。
进一步地,对收集的馏份进行反向HPLC分离纯化的方法为:
将目标馏份浓缩蒸干,溶于甲醇中,进行梯度洗脱;
设检测波长为254nm,于23.05min时收集液相峰,将收集到的馏份进行干 燥,得到吡咯-2-羧酸。
其中,反向HPLC分离纯化时的洗脱条件为:洗脱梯度为MeOH:H2O= 0:100~100:0,洗脱梯度时间为10~50min,流速为0.5~1.5mL/min。优选地,洗 脱梯度为MeOH:H2O=5:95~80:20,洗脱梯度时间为30min,流速为1mL/min。 在实际应用中,洗脱剂的洗脱梯度由层析设备自动进行匹配,其中,洗脱梯度 为一个范围。
实施例
1、菌种发酵:
将低温保藏的黄杆菌CCTCCM2017262接种到发酵培养基中培养96小时。 其中,培养基的摇床转速为180rpm,温度为28℃。培养基为2216E培养基(2216E 培养基的配方为:蛋白胨5g/L,酵母膏1g/L,磷酸高铁0.01g/L,海盐20g/L), 培养基在121℃高压灭菌20分钟。
2、吡咯-2-羧酸的分离:
乙酸乙酯萃取:用1mol/L的盐酸调节发酵后的培养基的PH至3~4,用乙 酸乙酯萃取,萃取液在低于50℃下旋转蒸干,重复三次萃取过程,得到乙酸乙 酯层萃取物2g。
将乙酸乙酯层萃取物溶于2mL甲醇中,进行Sephadex LH20(柱子规格: 直径=3.5cm,柱长=100cm)柱层析,利用400mL体积比为1:1的氯仿和甲醇的 混合液作为洗脱溶剂进行等梯度洗脱,每50mL收集为一个馏份,共得8个馏 份,G3-A、G3-B、G3-C、G3-D、G3-E、G3-F、G3-G和G3-H。
将G3-H馏份浓缩蒸干,溶于1mL甲醇中,用甲醇/水混合溶剂进行梯度洗脱 (洗脱梯度:MeOH:H2O=5:95~80:20,洗脱梯度时间:30min,流速1mL/min), 检测波长254nm,于23.05min时收集液相峰,得目标馏份,干燥,得到吡咯-2- 羧酸(9mg)。(采用的HPLC型号为:安捷伦1260;检测器型号:安捷伦1260DAD; 柱子类别与规格为:YMC-C18,4.6×250mm,5μm)
3、结果测试
1)实施例1制备得到的白色粉末的核磁共振测试
对实施例1得到的化合物进行核磁共振测试,得到以下数据:
白色粉末,LC-MS m/z 112.3[M+H]+,134.4[M+Na]+1H NMR(600MHz, DMSO-d6)和13C NMR(600MHz,DMSO-d6)。
表1:化合物的NMR数据 (600MHz,DMSO-d6,J in Hz,δin ppm)
Position δ<sub>H</sub>(J in Hz) δ<sub>C</sub>
1 11.69,NH(s)
2 122.9
3 6.71,H(m) 109.3
4 6.12,H(m) 114.6
5 6.95,H(m) 123.4
6 12.15,COOH(s) 161.9
由上述数据分析并与文献比对可知,化合物的结构为:
Figure BDA0001504226680000061
可以确定该化合物为吡咯-2-羧酸。
该文献的具体信息为:Huabao Chen,Chunping Yang,Tao Ke,et. Antimicrobialactivity of secondary metabolites from Streptomyces sp.K15,an endophyte inHouttuynia cordata Thunb[J].Natural Product Research,2015,29(23), 2223-2225.
2)吡咯-2-羧酸溶藻活性测试
通过浮游生物框对血红哈卡藻液进行计数,测得藻浓度,摇匀并分装藻液。
用DMSO将吡咯-2-羧酸溶解成100μg/μl样品浓度,然后梯度稀释至50 μg/μL,25μg/μL,12.5μg/μL和6.75μg/μL。以1mL/孔取藻液至24孔板中,分别 加入1uL以上配制的样品至样品终浓度为100μg/mL,50μg/mL,25μg/mL,12.5 μg/mL,6.75μg/mL。
对照组加入1μl DMSO,每个实验组和对照组分别设置3个重复实验,将24 孔板放至光照培养箱中培养,于15min和120min时用浮游计数板计数藻数量。
图1显示了实验组和对照组中的样品对血红哈卡藻细胞数的影响,由图1可 以看出,随着化合物浓度增加、处理时间增长抑藻活性加强,用Graphpad Prism 6计算吡咯-2-羧酸在120分钟对血红哈卡藻的半数抑制率(EC50)为32.7 μg/mL,见图2。可见,吡咯-2-羧酸具有溶藻、抑藻或杀藻活性,可以应用于抑 藻和杀藻中。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已,并不用以限制本发明,凡在本发 明的精神和原则之内所作的任何修改、等同替换和改进等,均应包含在本发明 的保护范围之内。

Claims (1)

1.一种吡咯-2-羧酸的应用,其特征在于,所述吡咯-2-羧酸应用于抑血红哈卡藻或者杀血红哈卡藻。
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