CN108218910A - 一类含硫脲结构的硅烷及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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- BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silane Chemical compound [SiH4] BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 229910000077 silane Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N urea group Chemical group NC(=O)N XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical group [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- UMGDCJDMYOKAJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiourea Chemical compound NC(N)=S UMGDCJDMYOKAJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 48
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- -1 methylene, ethylidene, propylidene Chemical group 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 10
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- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 7
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
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- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M Lithium hydroxide Chemical group [Li+].[OH-] WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 6
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 6
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Furan Chemical compound C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- JAEZSIYNWDWMMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,3-trimethylthiourea Chemical compound CNC(=S)N(C)C JAEZSIYNWDWMMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloroform Chemical group ClC(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
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- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 4
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- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
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- FLVIGYVXZHLUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N'-diethylthiourea Chemical compound CCNC(=S)NCC FLVIGYVXZHLUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- KEAYESYHFKHZAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sodium Chemical compound [Na] KEAYESYHFKHZAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-DEQYMQKBSA-M Sodium bicarbonate-14C Chemical compound [Na+].O[14C]([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-DEQYMQKBSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000004945 aromatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000000484 butyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 2
- ZDOBWJOCPDIBRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N chloromethyl(triethoxy)silane Chemical compound CCO[Si](CCl)(OCC)OCC ZDOBWJOCPDIBRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000006837 decompression Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
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- 125000003187 heptyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000004836 hexamethylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:2])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[*:1] 0.000 claims description 2
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- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000027 potassium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007142 ring opening reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- QDRKDTQENPPHOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium ethoxide Chemical compound [Na+].CC[O-] QDRKDTQENPPHOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012312 sodium hydride Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000104 sodium hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- YUYCVXFAYWRXLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethoxysilane Chemical compound CO[SiH](OC)OC YUYCVXFAYWRXLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- IKBFHCBHLOZDKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-chloroethyl(triethoxy)silane Chemical compound CCO[Si](CCCl)(OCC)OCC IKBFHCBHLOZDKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
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- 238000004073 vulcanization Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000005481 NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 8
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- MTKPOFJUULWZNU-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethoxysilicon Chemical compound CCO[Si] MTKPOFJUULWZNU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000002329 infrared spectrum Methods 0.000 description 5
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- KSCAZPYHLGGNPZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-chloropropyl(triethoxy)silane Chemical compound CCO[Si](OCC)(OCC)CCCCl KSCAZPYHLGGNPZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000921 elemental analysis Methods 0.000 description 3
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005033 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000006087 Silane Coupling Agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- IGEQFPWPMCIYDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methyl-3-phenylthiourea Chemical compound CNC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1 IGEQFPWPMCIYDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005160 1H NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- FCSHMCFRCYZTRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N'-diphenylthiourea Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1 FCSHMCFRCYZTRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PMUIBVMKQVKHBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N [S].NC(N)=O Chemical compound [S].NC(N)=O PMUIBVMKQVKHBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- FPOSCXQHGOVVPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N chloromethyl(trimethoxy)silane Chemical compound CO[Si](CCl)(OC)OC FPOSCXQHGOVVPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F7/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 4 or 14 of the Periodic Table
- C07F7/02—Silicon compounds
- C07F7/08—Compounds having one or more C—Si linkages
- C07F7/18—Compounds having one or more C—Si linkages as well as one or more C—O—Si linkages
- C07F7/1804—Compounds having Si-O-C linkages
- C07F7/1872—Preparation; Treatments not provided for in C07F7/20
- C07F7/1892—Preparation; Treatments not provided for in C07F7/20 by reactions not provided for in C07F7/1876 - C07F7/1888
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
Abstract
本发明属于有机硅烷技术领域,尤其涉及一类含硫脲结构的硅烷及其制备方法。本发明的含硫脲结构的硅烷提供了更多的反应性硅烷氧基,对于材料的界面处理更加高效;与大多聚合物材料具有很好的相容性,当采用环氧烃基硅烷类制备方法时,由于引入了环氧烃基的脂肪链,将进一步提高产物在聚合物材料改性过程中的适用性;直接采用无溶剂工艺,绿色环保;本发明产物含有N、S元素,对于提高材料的界面粘结性质、调整橡胶硫化性质等均有一定的效果;本发明的产物在涂料/油漆中涉及到的颜料/填料分散处理、各种无机粉末/纤维材料的表面处理、塑料的功能化改性及其增强交联、橡胶填料补强时的界面处理、增粘等方面均具有显著的益处。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于有机硅烷技术领域,尤其涉及一类含硫脲结构的硅烷及其制备方法。
背景技术
有机硅烷和多种无机和有机材料均可发生反应,由于其独特的性能,在日益增长的各领域中被公认为可用作偶联剂、交联剂、表面与界面改性处理剂等。在粘合剂、涂料、交联聚烯烃、玻璃纤维增强复合材料、白炭黑增强轮胎等领域,都离不开硅烷类化合物的应用。
具有不同官能基的硅烷在很多材料及其加工制品中的应用,可以提高诸如:机械强度、电气绝缘性、抗湿耐候性、耐高低温性能等多种性能。自二十世纪九十年代以来,随着各种官能基硅烷以及硅烷偶联剂的持续开发,到目前为止已经商品化的硅烷和硅烷偶联剂不下40种,主要用途包括:作为粘合剂中的界面增粘,以提高粘结强度;用于增强纤维界面处理,从而提高材料界面的粘结强度;在橡胶基复合材中作为界面处理剂,显著提高材料的剥离强度;用于无机材料的表面处理,可显著提高其与有机聚合物的相容性等。因此,该类产品在精细化工、建筑材料、电子材料、橡胶塑料等行业有着广泛的应用。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是,提供一类含硫脲结构的硅烷,硫脲母体上含有较多的取代烃基和硅烷氧基结构,在进行白炭黑、硅酸盐、碳酸盐等填料的表面处理时具有更高的效率,还可提高其与聚合物相的相容性。
本发明解决上述技术问题的技术方案如下:一类含硫脲结构的硅烷,其结构通式如下:
其中,R1、R2各自独立地为C1-C7的烷烃基或取代芳烃基;
R3为C1-C8的烃基或取代烃基;;
R4为C1-C3的烷烃基;
R5为C1-C3的烃基。
优选地,R1、R2各自独立地为甲基、乙基、丙基、丁基、庚基或苯基;
R3为亚甲基、亚乙基、亚丙基、羟基取代的丙氧基丙基-CH2-CH(OH)-CH2-O-(CH2)3-或羟基取代的环己烷基-乙基
R4为甲基或乙基;
R5为甲基。
本发明的第二个目的在于提供上述含硫脲结构的硅烷制备方法,将硫脲类单体与氯代烃基硅烷进行脱除氯化氢反应,或将硫脲类单体与环氧烃基硅烷进行环氧开环反应制得。
进一步,硫脲类单体与氯代烃基硅烷反应的制备,步骤如下:
(1)将氯代烃基硅烷和其体积1-3倍的有机溶剂投入到干燥的反应器中,再加入氯代烃基硅烷重量1-5%的碱性物质,氮气保护下,在50-65℃条件下搅拌10-30min;
(2)按照硫脲类单体中活泼氢与氯代烃基硅烷的摩尔比为1∶(1-1.5),取硫脲类单体溶于其体积1-3倍的有机溶剂中,将溶于有机溶剂的硫脲类单体溶液滴加到步骤(1)的氯代烃基硅烷溶液中,控制反应温度在65-120℃反应3-5h;
(3)将步骤(2)的反应液经负压过滤,用有机溶剂洗涤滤饼,所得滤液减压蒸除有机溶剂以及未反应单体后,即得到目标产物。
进一步,硫脲类单体与环氧烃基硅烷反应的制备,步骤如下:
(1)按照硫脲类单体中活泼氢与环氧烃基硅烷的摩尔比为1∶(1-1.5),氮气保护下充分搅拌混合均匀后,加热到50-130℃反应2-4h;
(2)反应液经蒸馏分离,得到目标产物。
其中,所述的硫脲类单体中活泼氢为=NH。
所述的有机溶剂为氯仿、乙醇、四氢呋喃、苯、甲苯、正己烷、环己烷或石油醚;所述的碱性物质为氢氧化锂、氢氧化钠、氢氧化钾、碳酸钠、碳酸钾、碳酸氢钠、氢化钠或乙醇钠中的一种或两种以上混合。
所述的硫脲类单体为N,N'-二乙基硫脲、N,N'-二正丙基硫脲、N,N'-二正丁基硫脲、N,N'-二叔丁基硫脲、N-甲基-N′-苯基硫脲、N-乙基-N'-苯基硫脲、1-苯基-3-丙基-2-硫脲、1-庚基-3-苯基-2-硫脲、N,N'-二苯基硫脲、N,N′,N′-三甲基硫脲或N,N′,N′-三乙基硫脲。
所述的氯代烃基硅烷为氯甲基三甲氧基硅烷、氯甲基三乙氧基硅烷、β-氯乙基三乙氧基硅烷、γ-氯丙基三甲氧基硅烷或γ-氯丙基三乙氧基硅烷。
所述的环氧烃基硅烷为γ-(2,3-环氧丙氧)-丙基三甲氧基硅烷、γ-(2,3-环氧丙氧)-丙基三乙氧基硅烷、β-(3,4-环氧环己烷基)-乙基三甲氧基硅烷、β-(3,4-环氧环己烷基)-乙基三乙氧基硅烷、β-(3,4-环氧环己烷基)-丙基三甲氧基硅烷或β-(3,4-环氧环己烷基)-丙基三乙氧基硅烷
本发明的有益效果是:
(1)本发明的含硫脲结构的硅烷提供了更多的反应性硅烷氧基,对于材料的界面处理更加高效;
(2)本发明的含硫脲结构的硅烷与大多聚合物材料具有很好的相容性,当采用环氧烃基硅烷类制备方法时,由于引入了环氧烃基的脂肪链,将进一步提高该类含硫脲结构的硅烷在聚合物材料改性过程中的适用性;直接采用无溶剂工艺,绿色环保;
(3)本发明含硫脲结构的硅烷含有N、S元素,对于提高材料的界面粘结性质、调整橡胶硫化性质等均有一定的效果;
(4)本发明的含硫脲结构的硅烷在涂料/油漆中涉及到的颜料/填料分散处理、各种无机粉末/纤维材料的表面处理、塑料的功能化改性及其增强交联、橡胶填料补强时的界面处理、增粘等方面均具有显著的益处。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例4的红外光谱;
图2为本发明实施例4的核磁共振氢谱。
具体实施方式
以下对本发明的原理和特征进行描述,所举实例只用于解释本发明,并非用于限定本发明的范围。
实施例1
一种含硫脲结构的硅烷,其分子结构式如下:
上述硅烷的制备方法为:
在装有温度计、回流装置、恒压滴液漏斗的干燥三口烧瓶中,加入129mL(0.525mol,1.00g/mL,含量98%)γ-氯丙基三乙氧基硅烷、130mL四氢呋喃和9.0g氢化钠,氮气保护下,搅拌、加热至50℃持续0.5h;缓慢滴加59.0g(0.50mol)N,N′,N′-三甲基硫脲/120mL四氢呋喃溶液,搅拌、控制反应温度在66±2℃,回流反应4h后,趁热负压过滤,得到的有机液相进行蒸馏,分离四氢呋喃及未反应单体,得到微黄色透明油状液体硅烷产物,收率98.5%。
所得产物为N,N′,N′-三甲基-N′-(3-(三乙氧硅基)丙基)-硫脲,红外光谱(FT-IR)、元素分析和核磁共振(NMR)结果显示所合成产物为上述分子结构式的目标产物。
实施例2
一种含硫脲结构的硅烷,其分子结构式如下:
上述硅烷的制备方法为:
在装有温度计、回流装置、恒压滴液漏斗的干燥三口烧瓶中,加入129mL(0.525mol,1.00g/mL,含量98%)γ-氯丙基三乙氧基硅烷、130mL甲苯和8.0g氢氧化钠,氮气保护下,搅拌、加热至50℃持续0.5h;缓慢滴加33g(0.25mol)N,N'-二乙基硫脲/70mL甲苯溶液,搅拌、控制反应温度在110±2℃,回流反应5h后,趁热负压过滤,得到的有机液相进行蒸馏,分离甲苯及未反应单体后,得到淡黄色透明油状液体硅烷产物,收率97.8%。
所得产物为N,N'-二乙基-N,N'-二(3-(三乙氧硅基)丙基)-硫脲,红外光谱(FT-IR)、元素分析和核磁共振(NMR)结果显示所合成产物为上述分子结构式的目标产物。
实施例3
一种含硫脲结构的硅烷,其分子结构式如下:
上述硅烷的制备方法为:
将16.52g(0.14mol)N,N′,N′-三甲基硫脲加入到反应器中,移取33.1mL(0.147mol,1.07g/mL,98%)γ-(2,3-环氧丙氧)-丙基三乙氧基硅烷直接加入到反应器中,搅拌混合均匀并逐步加热到85℃,反应2h后产物变为均相略黄色透明液体,反应结束,脱除未反应单体,产物收率98.2%。
所得产物为N,N′,N′-三甲基-N'-(1-(2-羟基-3-(3-(三乙氧硅基)丙氧基)丙基)-硫脲,红外光谱(FT-IR)、元素分析和核磁共振(NMR)结果显示所合成产物为上述分子结构式的目标产物。
实施例4
一种含硫脲结构的硅烷,其分子结构式如下:
将26.37g(0.14mol)N,N'-二正丁基硫脲加入到反应器中,移取66.3mL(0.294mol,1.07g/mL,98%)γ-(2,3-环氧丙氧)-丙基三乙氧基硅烷直接加入到反应器中,搅拌混合均匀并逐步加热到85-90℃,反应2.5h,产物转变为均相微黄色透明液体,反应结束,脱除未反应单体,产物收率97.2%。
所得产物为N,N'-二正丁基-N,N'-二(1-(2-羟基-3-(3-(三乙氧硅基)丙氧基)丙基)-硫脲,该化合物的红外光谱(FT-IR)见附图1、核磁共振氢谱(1H NMR)见附图2,所合成产物为上述分子结构式的目标产物。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例,并不用以限制本发明,凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (10)
1.一类含硫脲结构的硅烷,其特征在于,其结构通式如下:
其中,R1、R2各自独立地为C1-C7的烷烃基或取代芳烃基;
R3为C1-C8的烃基或取代烃基;
R4为C1-C3的烷烃基;
R5为C1-C3的烃基。
2.根据权利要求1所述的含硫脲结构的硅烷,其特征在于,R1、R2各自独立地为甲基、乙基、丙基、丁基、庚基或苯基;
R3为亚甲基、亚乙基、亚丙基、羟基取代的丙氧基丙基-CH2-CH(OH)-CH2-O-(CH2)3-或羟基取代的环己烷基-乙基
R4为甲基或乙基;
R5为甲基。
3.一种权利要求1或2所述含硫脲结构的硅烷制备方法,其特征在于,将硫脲类单体与氯代烃基硅烷进行脱除氯化氢反应,或将硫脲类单体与环氧烃基硅烷进行环氧开环反应制得。
4.根据权利要求3所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤如下:
(1)将氯代烃基硅烷和其体积1-3倍的有机溶剂投入到干燥的反应器中,再加入氯代烃基硅烷重量1-5%的碱性物质,氮气保护下,在50-65℃条件下搅拌10-30mi n;
(2)按照硫脲类单体中活泼氢与氯代烃基硅烷的摩尔比为1∶(1-1.5),取硫脲类单体溶于其体积1-3倍的有机溶剂中,将溶于有机溶剂的硫脲类单体溶液滴加到步骤(1)的氯代烃基硅烷溶液中,控制反应温度在65-120℃反应3-5h;
(3)将步骤(2)的反应液经负压过滤,用有机溶剂洗涤滤饼,所得滤液减压蒸除有机溶剂以及未反应单体后,即得到目标产物。
5.根据权利要求3所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤如下:
(1)按照硫脲类单体中活泼氢与环氧烃基硅烷的摩尔比为1∶(1-1.5),氮气保护下充分搅拌混合均匀后,加热到50-130℃反应2-4h;
(2)反应液经蒸馏分离,得到目标产物。
6.根据权利要求4或5所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的硫脲类单体中活泼氢为=NH。
7.根据权利要求4所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的有机溶剂为氯仿、乙醇、四氢呋喃、苯、甲苯、正己烷、环己烷或石油醚;
所述的碱性物质为氢氧化锂、氢氧化钠、氢氧化钾、碳酸钠、碳酸钾、碳酸氢钠、氢化钠或乙醇钠中的一种或两种以上混合。
8.根据权利要求4或5所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的硫脲类单体为N,N'-二乙基硫脲、N,N'-二正丙基硫脲、N,N'-二正丁基硫脲、N,N'-二叔丁基硫脲、N-甲基-N′-苯基硫脲、N-乙基-N'-苯基硫脲、1-苯基-3-丙基-2-硫脲、1-庚基-3-苯基-2-硫脲、N,N'-二苯基硫脲、N,N′,N′-三甲基硫脲或N,N′,N′-三乙基硫脲。
9.根据权利要求4所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的氯代烃基硅烷为氯甲基三甲氧基硅烷、氯甲基三乙氧基硅烷、β-氯乙基三乙氧基硅烷、γ-氯丙基三甲氧基硅烷或γ-氯丙基三乙氧基硅烷。
10.根据权利要求5所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的环氧烃基硅烷为γ-(2,3-环氧丙氧)-丙基三甲氧基硅烷、γ-(2,3-环氧丙氧)-丙基三乙氧基硅烷、β-(3,4-环氧环己烷基)-乙基三甲氧基硅烷、β-(3,4-环氧环己烷基)-乙基三乙氧基硅烷、β-(3,4-环氧环己烷基)-丙基三甲氧基硅烷或β-(3,4-环氧环己烷基)-丙基三乙氧基硅烷。
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