CN108218395B - Manufacturing method of bone china - Google Patents
Manufacturing method of bone china Download PDFInfo
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- CN108218395B CN108218395B CN201810047873.6A CN201810047873A CN108218395B CN 108218395 B CN108218395 B CN 108218395B CN 201810047873 A CN201810047873 A CN 201810047873A CN 108218395 B CN108218395 B CN 108218395B
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- 210000000988 bone and bone Anatomy 0.000 title claims abstract description 71
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 56
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000010433 feldspar Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229910002114 biscuit porcelain Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- KKCBUQHMOMHUOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Na2O Inorganic materials [O-2].[Na+].[Na+] KKCBUQHMOMHUOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000015895 biscuits Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 20
- 238000005034 decoration Methods 0.000 abstract description 13
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 abstract description 12
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 abstract description 9
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 abstract description 9
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 abstract description 9
- 238000000498 ball milling Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000018044 dehydration Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000006297 dehydration reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 14
- 229910003481 amorphous carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000003483 aging Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910052573 porcelain Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000001506 calcium phosphate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000003746 solid phase reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H tricalcium bis(phosphate) Chemical compound [Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 3
- 229910000391 tricalcium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229940078499 tricalcium phosphate Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 235000019731 tricalcium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 2
- 206010015866 Extravasation Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005238 degreasing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000036251 extravasation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 244000038280 herbivores Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010977 jade Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013441 quality evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000036632 reaction speed Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
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- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B33/00—Clay-wares
- C04B33/02—Preparing or treating the raw materials individually or as batches
- C04B33/13—Compounding ingredients
- C04B33/132—Waste materials; Refuse; Residues
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
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- C04B33/00—Clay-wares
- C04B33/32—Burning methods
- C04B33/34—Burning methods combined with glazing
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- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/622—Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/626—Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches ; preparing or treating macroscopic reinforcing agents for ceramic products, e.g. fibres; mechanical aspects section B
- C04B35/62605—Treating the starting powders individually or as mixtures
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- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/32—Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
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- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/34—Non-metal oxides, non-metal mixed oxides, or salts thereof that form the non-metal oxides upon heating, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
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- C04B2235/3427—Silicates other than clay, e.g. water glass
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for manufacturing bone china, which comprises the steps of proportioning and uniformly mixing part of raw materials of the bone china, including bone charcoal powder and at least one of quartz powder and feldspar powder according to the proportioning of the raw materials for manufacturing the bone china, pre-sintering at the temperature not lower than the biscuit firing temperature, crushing the pre-sintered product to be used as a production raw material for manufacturing the bone china, carrying out proportioning and ball milling to form slurry, carrying out sieving, filter pressing dehydration, ageing, vacuum pugging, molding, drying to form a blank, and carrying out biscuit firing, glaze firing and decoration firing to obtain a product. The method can improve the deformability of the bone china in the firing process, thoroughly overcome the black returning phenomenon of the bone china in the decoration firing process, improve the quality and the first-class ratio of the bone china and improve the economic benefit of bone china products. The manufacturing method of the invention can also be used for manufacturing other ceramic products, so that the manufactured products have better quality and more stable quality.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of ceramics, and particularly relates to a pre-sintering method in a manufacturing process of bone china.
Background
The bone china is a porcelain formed by adding powdered bone charcoal of herbivorous animals into ceramic raw materials and firing. The bone china is characterized by light texture, fineness, hardness, uneasy abrasion and breakage, high whiteness, good transparency, glittering, white and transparent under the irradiation of visible light. The bone china is a best product in ceramics in reputations of thin paper, white jade, mirror and sound. At present, the bone charcoal is prepared by degreasing, degumming and high-temperature burning bones of herbivores under the condition of air isolation, and the components of the bone charcoal mainly comprise tricalcium phosphate, amorphous carbon and other inorganic salts. The bone china is made up of bone charcoal powder, quartz powder, feldspar powder and clay through proportioning, ball grinding to obtain slurry, sieving, press filtering, dewatering, ageing, vacuum pugging, shaping, drying, calcining, glazing, and decorating.
The bone china has large structural difference because tricalcium phosphate in bone charcoal has high content (not less than 36 percent), the bone charcoal is biological raw materials, quartz, feldspar and clay are mineral raw materials, and the bone china is difficult to achieve structural complete fusion in the biscuit firing process. In addition, the bone charcoal contains high amorphous carbon, which is easy to seep out in the firing process, and the seeped carbon can be oxidized and volatilized in the process of bisque firing and glaze firing due to high firing temperature (above 1100 ℃), and can not be deposited on the surface of the porcelain, but the seeped carbon can not be oxidized and volatilized in time and can be deposited on the surface of the porcelain with little glaze or no glaze in the process of decoration firing due to low furnace temperature (about 800 ℃), so that the black returning phenomenon is generated, the black returning porcelain can be used as a finished product only by artificial grinding and polishing, and the finished product can be directly degraded into waste products in severe cases.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a pre-sintering method in the manufacturing process of bone china, aiming at solving the technical problem that the bone china generates black returning phenomenon in the decoration firing process, on the basis of not changing the manufacturing process of the bone china, part of production raw materials (bone charcoal powder, quartz powder, feldspar powder and a proper amount of mineralizer) of the bone china are pre-sintered, and sinter is crushed to be used as the production raw material of the bone china to produce bone china products. Through pre-sintering, the bone carbon, the quartz and the feldspar are fully fused structurally to form a main crystal phase framework, so that the deformation of a blank body in the firing process is reduced, free carbon is fully oxidized and volatilized, residual carbon is difficult to seep out, the blackening phenomenon is fundamentally prevented, meanwhile, the manufactured bone china product is more uniform and compact in structural composition and higher in transparency, and the quality of the bone china product is improved.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a manufacturing method of the bone china comprises the following steps: proportioning and uniformly mixing part of raw materials for manufacturing the bone china according to the proportioning of the raw materials for manufacturing the bone china, performing presintering at the temperature of not lower than the bisque firing temperature, and crushing the presintering material to be used as a production raw material for manufacturing the bone china; the partial raw materials comprise bone charcoal powder and at least one of quartz powder and feldspar powder.
Preferably, the pre-sintering junction temperature is 1260-1330 ℃. The inventor finds that the bone china prepared by pre-sintering in the temperature range is better in quality in the practical process.
As an improvement of the invention, a mineralizer is added into the presintering raw material, and the addition amount of the mineralizer is 0.1-5.0 wt%. The mineralizer is CaO and K2O、Na2O、B2O3One or more than two of them. The addition of the mineralizer can improve the solid phase reaction speed between the bone charcoal and quartz and feldspar, reduce the presintering temperature and energy consumption, and simultaneously improve the structural solubility of tricalcium phosphate, silicon dioxide and aluminum oxide.
The principle of the invention is as follows:
the bone china is a combination of biological raw materials (bone charcoal) and mineral raw materials (silicon oxide, aluminum oxide and the like), and the bone charcoal, the silicon oxide and the aluminum oxide have great difference in structural form. In the manufacturing process of the bone china, solid phase reaction occurs among various raw material particles to form a main body structure of the bone china, the solid phase reaction is characterized in that the solid particles mainly contact with each other, the central region of the particles still has structural characteristics of raw materials to a certain extent, amorphous carbon contained in bone carbon is not sufficiently released and remains in the bone china, and the original bone carbon structure is partially preserved, and a condition and an exosmosis channel are provided for the remaining amorphous carbon, so that the amorphous carbon exudes in the process of bisque firing, glaze firing and decoration firing of the bone china, and only the carbon infiltrated to the surface can be rapidly oxidized and volatilized at a high temperature (more than 1100 ℃) in the process of bisque firing and glaze firing, and the phenomenon of deposition and blackness return is not generated. However, in the process of flower baking, because the temperature is low (about 800 ℃) for a short time, the exuded amorphous carbon cannot be oxidized and volatilized in time and is deposited on the surface, so that the black returning phenomenon is generated. The invention adopts a method of increasing pre-sintering, so that the structural solubility of the bone charcoal, the silicon oxide and the aluminum oxide is greatly improved to form a uniform structural framework, the deformation in the firing process is reduced, and most of the amorphous carbon is fully released due to high-temperature volatilization. The sintered material is used as a raw material for producing the bone china, the raw material is crushed, mixed and ball-milled into slurry, and then the slurry is sieved, filter-pressed, dehydrated, aged, vacuum-pugged, molded and dried into a blank, the fired bone china has higher structural solubility, has smaller deformation in the firing process, and residual amorphous carbon is kept in a structural phase formed by bone carbon, silicon oxide and aluminum oxide together due to the reduction of an extravasation channel, so that less amorphous carbon is exuded in the biscuiting, glaze firing and decoration firing processes, the blackening phenomenon cannot be generated in the decoration firing process, and the fired bone china has higher transparency.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the pre-sintering process is added on the basis of not changing the existing production process, so that the occurrence of the black return phenomenon is fundamentally prevented, meanwhile, the transparency of the bone china is further improved, the quality of bone china products is obviously improved, and the rate of first-class products is greatly improved.
2. Although the invention increases the pre-sintering process and cost, the elutriation of the bone carbon and the treatment after blackening are saved, the cost is reduced, the yield is improved, and the invention has obvious social and economic benefits.
3. The manufacturing method of the invention is also suitable for manufacturing other ceramic products except the bone china, so that the manufactured products have better quality, more stable quality and higher quality.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments.
The quality evaluation of the bone china refers to GB/T13522-2008.
In the examples the parts are parts by weight (kg)
Example 1:
uniformly mixing 72 wt% of bone charcoal powder and 28 wt% of quartz powder, pre-sintering at 1320 ℃, and crushing a cooled sintered object to be used as a raw material for manufacturing the bone china.
Uniformly mixing 58 parts of pre-sintered and crushed raw materials, 8 parts of feldspar and 34 parts of clay, ball-milling the mixture into slurry, sieving the slurry, performing filter pressing and dehydration, ageing, performing vacuum pugging, molding, drying, then biscuit firing at 1280 ℃, glazing a biscuit firing blank, then firing at 1150 ℃, decorating the fired biscuit porcelain with applique or colored drawing, and firing at 820 ℃ to obtain 200 finished bone porcelain products, namely 178 bone porcelain products, wherein none of the bone porcelain products has the phenomenon of decoration and blackness.
Example 2:
67 wt% of bone charcoal powder, 23 wt% of quartz powder and 10 wt% of feldspar powder are uniformly mixed, pre-sintered at 1300 ℃, and the cooled sintered product is crushed to be used as a raw material for manufacturing the bone china.
Uniformly mixing 64 parts of pre-sintered and crushed raw materials and 36 parts of clay, ball-milling the mixture into slurry, sieving, filter-pressing dehydration, ageing, vacuum pugging, forming, drying, biscuit firing at 1280 ℃, glazing the biscuit firing blank, then glaze firing at 1150 ℃, decorating applique or colored drawing on the biscuit fired at 820 ℃ and firing at 820 ℃ to obtain 200 finished bone china products, wherein 184 first-class bone china products have no fired and blackened phenomenon.
Example 3:
mixing 72 wt% of bone charcoal powder, 28 wt% of quartz powder and 0.8 wt% of K2O is a mineralizer, the mixture is uniformly mixed, presintering is carried out at 1280 ℃, and cooled sinter is crushed to be used as a raw material for manufacturing the bone china.
Uniformly mixing 64 parts of pre-sintered and crushed raw materials and 36 parts of clay, ball-milling the mixture into slurry, sieving, filter-pressing dehydration, ageing, vacuum pugging, forming, drying, biscuit firing at 1280 ℃, glazing the biscuit firing blank, then glaze firing at 1150 ℃, decorating applique or colored drawing on the biscuit fired at 820 ℃ to obtain 200 finished bone china products, namely 182 finished bone china products, wherein no one product has the phenomenon of decoration and blackness.
Example 4:
67 wt% of bone charcoal powder, 23 wt% of quartz powder, 10 wt% of feldspar powder and 1 wt% of Na2O is used as a mineralizer, the mixture is uniformly mixed, pre-sintered at 1290 ℃, and the cooled sintered product is crushed to be used as a raw material for manufacturing the bone china.
The preparation method comprises the steps of uniformly mixing 65 parts of pre-sintered and crushed raw materials and 35 parts of clay, grinding the mixture into slurry by means of ball milling, sieving, filter pressing and dehydration, ageing, vacuum pugging, forming, drying, biscuit firing at 1280 ℃, glazing the biscuit firing blank, then glaze firing at 1150 ℃, decorating applique or colored drawing on the biscuit fired at 820 ℃ and firing at 183 parts of the finished bone china product, wherein no one of the finished bone china product has the phenomenon of decoration and blackness.
Example 5:
67 wt% of bone charcoal powder, 23 wt% of quartz powder, 10 wt% of feldspar powder and 1 wt% of B2O3The mineralizer is mixed uniformly, pre-sintered at 1300 ℃, and the cooled sintered product is crushed to be used as a raw material for manufacturing the bone china.
The method comprises the steps of uniformly mixing 65 parts of pre-sintered and crushed raw materials and 35 parts of clay, ball-milling the raw materials into slurry, sieving, filter-pressing and dehydrating, ageing, vacuum pugging, forming, drying, biscuit firing at 1280 ℃, glazing the biscuit firing blank, then glaze firing at 1150 ℃, decorating applique or colored drawing on the biscuit fired at 820 ℃ and firing at 178 parts of finished bone china products, wherein no one product has the phenomenon of decoration and blackness.
Comparative example 1:
uniformly mixing 43 wt% of bone charcoal powder, 15 wt% of quartz powder, 6 wt% of feldspar powder and 36 wt% of clay, grinding into slurry by means of ball milling, sieving, press filtering, dewatering, ageing, vacuum pugging, forming, drying, biscuit firing at 1280 ℃, glazing the biscuit firing blank at 1150 ℃, decorating the glazed firing biscuit with applique or colored drawing, and firing at 820 ℃ to obtain 190 finished bone china products, one-class 161 products and 82 products with the phenomenon of pattern-firing and blackening.
Comparative example 2:
43 wt% of bone charcoal powder, 15 wt% of quartz powder, 6 wt% of feldspar powder, 36 wt% of clay and 0.5 wt% of B2O3Mixing uniformly, ball-milling into slurry, sieving, press-filtering, dewatering, ageing, vacuum pugging, forming, drying, biscuit-firing at 1280 deg.C, glaze-firing at 1150 deg.C after glazing biscuit-firing blank, making applique or colour-drawing decoration on the biscuit-fired glaze, firing at 820 deg.C to obtain 180, 162 and 51 finished bone china productsThe phenomenon of decoration firing turning black.
Claims (3)
1. A method for manufacturing a bone china, comprising the steps of: proportioning and uniformly mixing part of raw materials for manufacturing the bone china according to the proportioning of the raw materials for manufacturing the bone china, performing presintering at the temperature of not lower than the bisque firing temperature, and crushing the presintering material to be used as a production raw material for manufacturing the bone china; the partial raw materials comprise bone charcoal powder and at least one of quartz powder and feldspar powder; the sintering temperature of the pre-sintering is 1260-1330 ℃.
2. The method for producing bone china according to claim 1, wherein a mineralizer is added to the pre-sintered partial raw material in an amount of 0.1 to 5.0 wt%.
3. The method for manufacturing bone china according to claim 2, wherein the mineralizer is CaO or K2O、Na2O、B2O3One or more than two of them.
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| JP2016079074A (en) * | 2014-10-20 | 2016-05-16 | 深川製磁株式会社 | Fish bone ash for bone china and method for producing the same |
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