CN108204053B - 一种建筑防火隔热中空板 - Google Patents
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Abstract
一种建筑防火隔热中空板外面板与内面板上下平行;水泥槽设在内面板上,并相接于外面板内侧;散热装置与水泥槽相接且依次贯穿于支撑面、防火层和外面板;其中,散热装置包括由散热介质堆垒的填充层及与水泥槽、填充层分别相接的导热板;所述填充层沿水泥槽至外面板的方向,堆积密度依次递增,横切面积依次递减;所述堆积密度递变范围为0.5‑2.8g/cm3;所述横切面积递变范围为4‑50cm2。本发明在发生火灾时能及时排散中空板内的热量,且在火中不燃烧,能多次循环使用,具有良好的防火、隔热、隔音功能,是一种优良的建筑材料。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于建筑材料领域,具体涉及一种建筑防火隔热中空板。
背景技术
中空板,也称PP中空板、中空隔子板、万通板、瓦楞板、双壁板,一般以聚丙烯和聚乙烯为原料,燃点低,热塑性强,在高温环境中易热塑变形,当遇到火时,易迅速燃烧。现有技术中,为了提高中空板的防火性,一般采用添加阻燃剂或制作金属中空板的方法,但是仍存在诸多不足。阻燃剂只能维持中空板在短时间内不燃烧,在火灾形势较严重时,仍无法抑制中空板的燃烧。金属中空板虽然能解决中空板在火中燃烧的问题,并抑制了火势的延伸,但是金属的导热系数较高,热传递作用强,铜和银的导热系数高达400W/m·K,因此,金属中空板隔热性能极差,此外金属中空板一般质地较大,不适用于建筑材料。
申请号为CN201110213492.9的专利,公开了一种防火中空板,通过聚氯乙烯防火层使内部中空板具有一定防火保温性能,但是聚氯乙烯在85℃时,即开始软化变形,温度达到100℃时就开始热分解,失去保护作用,因此,在火灾中,只能使中空板维持短时间内的防火性。申请号为CN201510681092.9的专利,公开了一种新型金属中空板,该中空板具有防火、隔音和防震的功能,但是结构中预辊涂烤漆金属板层的导热性强,使中空板温度迅速升高,此外,凹凸金属板层中的铝、铁、铜都是优良的导热材料,因此,该中空板的隔热性能差。本发明通过散热装置(6)对中空板内的热量进行疏散,避免因中空板内温度过高而造成的不可逆性损伤,具有良好的防火、隔热、隔音功能,且能够装饰美化家居环境,可作为优良的建筑材料。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种建筑防火隔热中空板,以解决上述背景技术中提出的中空板防火隔热性能差的问题。
为实现上述目的,本发明提供如下技术方案:
一种建筑防火隔热中空板,包括:
外面板(1),所述外面板(1)与内面板(5)上下平行;
水泥槽(4),所述水泥槽(4)设在内面板(5)上,并相接于外面板(1)内侧;
散热装置(6),所述散热装置(6)与水泥槽(4)相接且依次贯穿于支撑面(3)、防火层(2)和外面板(1);
其中,散热装置(6)包括由散热介质堆垒的填充层及与水泥槽(4)、填充层分别相接的导热板;所述填充层沿水泥槽(4)至外面板(1)的方向,堆积密度依次递增,横切面积依次递减;所述堆积密度递变范围为0.4-3.8g/cm3;所述横切面积递变范围为5-50cm2。
优选的是,所述外面板(1)和内面板(5)的材质为酚醛泡沫保温板。
优选的是,所述防火层(2)由以下重量份数的成分组成:镀铝聚酰亚胺30-40份、氮化硅35-45份、环氧/苯并噁嗪树脂基40-60份、磷酸三(2,3-二氯丙基)酯5-10份。
优选的是,所述水泥槽(4)内部敷设有钢筋网。
优选的是,所述散热装置(6)包括金属导热板(61)、外壳(62)及被外壳(62)包围并依次堆砌在金属导热板上的第一填充层(63)、第二填充层(64)。
优选的是,所述金属导热板(61)包括铁、铝、铜的一种或多种。
优选的是,所述外壳(62)的材质为聚碳酸酯、镁铝合金、氧化硅任一种或多种的混合物。
优选的是,所述外壳(62)的横切面积递变范围为7-48cm2.。
优选的是,所述第一填充层(63)至第三填充层(65)的堆积密度递增范围为0.5-3.5g/cm3。
优选的是,所述散热介质为膨胀珍珠岩、二氧化硅气凝胶、氧化铝空心球任一种或多种的混合物。
本发明的有益效果:
(1)当发生火灾时,散热装置(6)的金属底板(61)聚集水泥槽(4)及周边环境的热量,再将热量传递给上层散热介质,散热介质内的微孔结构对热量具有吸收作用,微孔中的空气受热膨胀上升,并携带热量至顶部出口处排放,使中空板内的热量得以散失,提高中空板的隔热性,散热介质自内向外密度依次递增,使外界冷空气无法进入散热装置(6)内,进而产生冷热空气对流,加速热量的散失,当散热装置(6)内外环境降为常温时,在内外压强差的作用下,外界空气进入填充层内,对排出的微孔空气进行补给,因此,能循环使用。
(2)外面板(1)和内面板(5)材质为酚醛保温板,在火焰作用下,碳化并形成一层致密的炭层,保护内层结构,提高中空板的防火性,酚醛保温板导热系数低于0.025W/m·k,减少热量传递作用,能增强中空板隔热保温性,酚醛保温板内部众多的闭孔结构对声音有较强的吸收作用,提高中空板的隔音性能;
(3)防火层(2)以环氧/苯并噁嗪树脂为基体,加强防火层(2)的化学交联密度,降低孔隙度,抑制氧气进入内部结构,加强中空板的耐火性,并且降低了热量的传递,提高中空板的隔热性能,氮化硅为防火层(2)的强化剂,12个Si-N键形成的稳定的正八面体结构使防火层(2)具有较高的稳定性和硬度,提高了中空板的强度和抗震性能,磷酸三(2,3-二氯丙基)酯作为阻燃剂,遇火时形成偏磷酸,进一步聚合成稳定的多聚偏磷酸,覆盖在防火层(2)的分子表面,进而隔绝氧气,抑制中空板的燃烧,镀铝聚酰亚胺中大量的钢性链结构提高其极限氧指数,使其自身具有较强的阻燃性,提高中空板的防火性,此外,镀铝聚酰亚胺中的苯环和酰亚胺环键能和分子间作用力高,提高中空板耐高温强度。
附图说明
图1为本发明一种建筑防火隔热中空板截面结构示意图;
图2为本发明一种建筑防火隔热中空板俯视图;
其中,1、外面板,2、防火层,3、支撑面,4、水泥槽,5、内面板,6、散热装置。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图,对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
实施例1
请参阅附图1和附图2,其揭示本发明实施例1,包括外面板1,防火隔热层2,支撑面3,水泥槽4,内面板5,散热装置6。
一种建筑防火隔热中空板,由上下平行外面板1和内面板5及水泥槽4形成一个闭合中空结构,外面板1和内面板5的材质为酚醛泡沫保温板,水泥槽4内部镶有钢筋网,提高中空板的强度和稳定性,防火层2由30份镀铝聚酰亚胺、35份氮化硅、40份环氧/苯并噁嗪树脂基和5份磷酸三(2,3-二氯丙基)酯组成的,并与外面板1及支撑面3两两相连,散热装置6包括铜金属导热板61、聚碳酸酯外壳62及被聚碳酸酯外壳62包围并依次堆砌在铜金属导热板上的第一填充层63、第二填充层64、第三填充层65,并安装在水泥槽4上且贯穿于支撑面3、防火层2和外面板1,其中,铜金属导热板61依附于水泥槽4表面并支撑填充层,由二氧化硅气凝胶堆垒的填充层沿水泥槽4至外面板1的方向,密度依次递增且截面面积依次递减,第一填充层63的堆积密度在0.5-1.6g/cm3的闭区间内递增,第二填充层64的堆积密度在1.7-2.2g/cm3的闭区间内递增,第三填充层65堆积密度在2.3-3.1g/cm3的闭区间内递增,聚碳酸酯外壳62的横切面积递变范围为7-40cm2,当发生火灾时,散热装置6的铜金属导热板61聚集水泥槽4及周边环境的热量,再将热量传递给二氧化硅气凝胶,二氧化硅气凝胶内部含有大量气孔,气孔对热量具有吸收作用,气孔内的空气受热迅速膨胀上升,依次穿过第一填充层63、第二填充层64和第三填充层65,最终将携带的热量运输到顶部出口处并排放,降低中空板内的热能,进而提高中空板的隔热性,第三填充层65最顶部的二氧化硅气凝胶密度最高且截面面积最小,因此,外界冷空气无法通过第三填充层65进入散热装置6内,进而出口处冷热空气发生分子碰撞,产生空气对流,加速热量的散失,火灾停止后,当散热装置6内外环境降为常温时,在内外压强差的作用下,外界空气进入装置内,对排出的气孔空气进行补给,所以可重复性使用。
实施例2
请参阅附图1,其揭示本发明实施例2,本实施例与实施例1类似,其区别在于防火层2由40份镀铝聚酰亚胺、45份氮化硅、60份环氧/苯并噁嗪树脂基和10份磷酸三(2,3-二氯丙基)酯组成,散热装置6的散热介质为膨胀珍珠岩,金属导热板61为铝片,外壳62材质为氧化硅且横切面积递变范围为10-48cm2,第一填充层63的堆积密度的递增范围为0.7-1.9g/cm3,第二填充层64的堆积密度的递增范围为2.0-2.5g/cm3,第三填充层65堆积密度递增范围为2.4-3.5g/cm3。
最后应说明的是:以上所述仅为本发明的优选实施例而已,并不用于限制本发明,尽管参照前述实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明,对于本领域的技术人员来说,其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改,或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换,凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (10)
1.一种建筑防火隔热中空板,其特征在于,包括:
外面板(1),所述外面板(1)与内面板(5)上下平行;
水泥槽(4),所述水泥槽(4)设在内面板(5)上,并相接于外面板(1)内侧;
散热装置(6),所述散热装置(6)与水泥槽(4)相接且依次贯穿于支撑面(3)、防火层(2)和外面板(1);
其中,散热装置(6)包括由散热介质堆垒的填充层及与水泥槽(4)、填充层分别相接的导热板;所述填充层沿水泥槽(4)至外面板(1)的方向,堆积密度依次递增,横切面积依次递减;所述堆积密度递变范围为0.4-3.8g/cm3;所述横切面积递变范围为5-50cm2。
2.根据权利要求1所述一种建筑防火隔热中空板,其特征在于,所述外面板(1)和内面板(5)的材质为酚醛泡沫保温板。
3.根据权利要求1所述一种建筑防火隔热中空板,其特征在于,所述防火层(2)由以下重量份数的成分组成:镀铝聚酰亚胺30-40份、氮化硅35-45份、环氧/苯并噁嗪树脂基40-60份、磷酸三(2,3-二氯丙基)酯5-10份。
4.根据权利要求1所述一种建筑防火隔热中空板,其特征在于,所述水泥槽(4)内部敷设有钢筋网。
5.根据权利要求1所述一种建筑防火隔热中空板,其特征在于,所述散热装置(6)包括金属导热板(61)、外壳(62)及被外壳(62)包围并依次堆砌在金属导热板上的第一填充层(63)、第二填充层(64)和第三填充层(65)。
6.根据权利要求5所述一种建筑防火隔热中空板,其特征在于,所述金属导热板(61)包括铁、铝、铜的一种或多种。
7.根据权利要求5所述一种建筑防火隔热中空板,其特征在于,所述外壳(62)的材质为聚碳酸酯、镁铝合金、氧化硅任一种或多种的混合物。
8.根据权利要求5所述一种建筑防火隔热中空板,其特征在于,所述外壳(62)的横切面积递变范围为7-48cm2.。
9.根据权利要求5所述一种建筑防火隔热中空板,其特征在于,所述第一填充层(63)至第三填充层(65)的堆积密度递增范围为0.5-3.5g/cm3。
10.根据权利要求1所述一种建筑防火隔热中空板,其特征在于,所述散热介质为膨胀珍珠岩、二氧化硅气凝胶、氧化铝空心球任一种或多种的混合物。
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