CN108196187B - Method for diagnosing three-phase asymmetric load fault of rotor winding of doubly-fed wind generator - Google Patents
Method for diagnosing three-phase asymmetric load fault of rotor winding of doubly-fed wind generator Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a fault diagnosis method for three-phase asymmetric loads of a rotor winding of a doubly-fed wind generator, which comprises the following steps of 1: building a double-fed wind driven generator rotor winding fault simulation system on a moving die experiment platform; step 2: acquiring rotor current or voltage signals before and after a rotor side fault in different running states of the motor, carrying out corresponding wave recording by a fault wave recording analysis device, reading data through MATLAB, and carrying out direct current component filtering and FFT conversion processing; and step 3: and extracting the frequency with obvious changes before and after the fault according to the change rate of the amplitude value as the characteristic frequency for diagnosing the fault, and judging whether the rotor winding of the doubly-fed wind driven generator has the three-phase asymmetric load fault. The invention has the advantages of very close diagnosis result to the true value, effective diagnosis result, high diagnosis precision and strong operability.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a fault diagnosis method for three-phase asymmetric loads of a rotor winding of a doubly-fed wind generator, and belongs to the technical field of state detection and fault diagnosis of a driving motor.
Background
The normal operation of the generator has great significance to the safety and the stability of the whole power grid. In a wind power plant, a doubly-fed wind generator becomes a mainstream machine type by virtue of the advantages of high efficiency, low cost, adjustable power factor and the like. Due to the harsh operating environment, wind generators cause far more failures than conventional generators. Therefore, the method is of great importance for the research of the wind turbine on-line monitoring technology for enhancing the reliability of the wind turbine and developing early fault warning and timely maintenance work.
The doubly-fed wind generator rotor winding is difficult to detect the running state due to the fact that the doubly-fed wind generator rotor winding is externally connected with a circuit and connected with a back-to-back converter, parameter adjustment of a generator rotor side controller is delayed, active power, reactive power, stator and rotor currents, rotating speed and the like are seriously oscillated before and after faults, and therefore the motor and a power grid are greatly impacted, and therefore on-line monitoring of state information of the rotor winding needs to be enhanced.
At present, the diagnosis and research of double-fed wind driven generator rotor winding faults at home and abroad are still in a starting stage. The domestic research is relatively mature, and the literature can select proper characteristic signals to find out faults through a corresponding characteristic method; yazidi A scholars at the university of France Picardie build a model of normal doubly-fed wind driven generator and turn-to-turn short circuit of rotor winding for circuit to carry out simulation research; dinkhauser V scholars at the university of Kill, Germany utilize MATLAB software to establish a dual-feeder model, represent the severity of turn-to-turn faults by introducing a factor u, and search for fault characteristics by wavelet analysis and a Luenberg observer; the university of italian blonia Gritli Y scholars analyze experimental data when rotor windings fail, quantize the failures by using wavelet transformation, set a fixed threshold value to judge the failures, but do not consider the influence of different control strategies of a rotor converter on extracting characteristic signals.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose is as follows: in order to overcome the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a fault diagnosis method for three-phase asymmetric loads of a rotor winding of a doubly-fed wind generator.
The technical scheme is as follows: in order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a fault diagnosis method for three-phase asymmetric loads of a rotor winding of a doubly-fed wind generator comprises the following steps:
step 1: building a double-fed wind driven generator rotor winding fault simulation system on a moving die experiment platform;
step 2: setting different running states of the motor by changing wind speed and changing slip ratio, acquiring rotor current or voltage signals before and after a simulated three-phase load asymmetric running fault on a rotor side model based on a simulation system, correcting the rotor current or voltage signals in different states, performing corresponding wave recording by using a power fault wave recording analysis device, reading data by using MATLAB, and performing direct current component filtering and FFT conversion processing;
and step 3: analyzing rotor current or voltage spectrograms in different running states under a normal state and a fault state, obtaining change amplitude values of ksf and side frequencies thereof, wherein k is 2n +1, n is a natural number from 1, s is a slip ratio, and f is a fundamental frequency, extracting frequencies with obvious changes before and after the fault according to the change rate of the amplitude values to serve as characteristic frequencies for diagnosing the fault, and judging whether a three-phase asymmetric load fault occurs in a rotor winding of the doubly-fed wind generator.
Preferably, the step 1 comprises:
step 1.1: a 5.5kW direct current motor is directly connected with a 5.5kW wound-rotor asynchronous motor to form a double-fed wind generating set, the direct current motor provides external excitation for the asynchronous motor, and the excitation size is controlled and displayed in real time through a double-fed fan excitation control screen; the separately excited direct current motor is directly connected with the output end of the wind turbine characteristic simulation device and receives a variable wind speed regulation signal in real time; one side output end of the asynchronous motor rotor is connected with the rotor side DSP controller to realize synchronous, super-synchronous and sub-synchronous state conversion of the double-fed asynchronous motor, the other side output end is directly connected with a load and a power failure wave recording analysis device, and the power failure wave recording analysis device is finally connected into the power grid side DSP controller to realize electric energy transmission with a power grid; the load is simulated with a light bulb.
Preferably, the step 1 further comprises:
step 1.2: before the experiment, the performance of a voltage transformer and a current transformer is tested, the voltage transformer is verified through a power frequency power supply, a voltage regulator and a universal meter, the secondary side of the voltage transformer cannot be short-circuited, a resistor is connected in a loop in series, and the voltage regulator and a pincer-shaped ammeter are used for verifying that the current transformer cannot be open-circuited;
step 1.3: when voltage and current signals are collected, in order to avoid the phenomenon that secondary side waveform distortion is caused by the fact that low-frequency signals generate a direct current magnetization effect and exceed the frequency transmission range of a power frequency transformer, a Hall current sensor with the model of HZIA-C06 is selected; because the rotor voltage value is small, the voltage sensor is directly connected into a low-frequency signal measuring device customized by Zhongyuan Hua Ching;
step 1.4: in order to avoid the phenomenon that zero drift occurs because the zero line is not connected on the side of the rotor, any phase is in short circuit with the zero line, and then the voltage value or the current value between any two phases is measured to be used as a correction value, so that zero drift correction is carried out on the measured signal.
Preferably, the step 2 comprises:
step 2.1: the wind speed is changed by adjusting the rotating speed of the motor through a wind turbine characteristic simulation device, so that the slip ratio s is changed to set the doubly-fed wind driven generator to respectively operate in three different operation states, including a synchronous state, a subsynchronous state and a supersynchronous state;
step 2.2: selecting any one of the running states of the doubly-fed wind driven generator, when the doubly-fed wind driven generator works in a normal state, acquiring a rotor current or voltage measured value of a measuring point between the asynchronous motor and the converter through a current or voltage transformer, and respectively sending signal waveforms obtained by subtracting a correction value from the measured value to a wave recorder analysis device; filtering the signal waveform by direct current components and carrying out FFT conversion processing to obtain the normal state amplitudes of four frequencies of sf, 3sf, 2-3sf and 2+3sf respectively;
step 2.3: and breaking a certain phase bulb on the simulation system to simulate the three-phase asymmetric operation fault of the load, acquiring the rotor current or voltage measured value of the measurement point between the asynchronous motor and the converter again, sending the signal waveform obtained by subtracting the correction value from the measured value to the oscillograph analysis device respectively, and filtering the signal waveform through direct current components and FFT conversion to obtain fault state amplitudes of four frequencies of sf, 3sf, 2-3sf and 2+3sf respectively.
Preferably, the step 3 comprises:
step 3.1: respectively obtaining the change values between the normal state amplitude and the fault state amplitude of the frequency of the asynchronous motor and the converter at the measuring points sf, 3sf, 2-3sf and 2+3sf under different operating states of the doubly-fed wind generator, and then respectively dividing the change values by the normal state amplitude to obtain the change rate;
step 3.2: and selecting the frequency value with the largest change rate from the sf, 3sf, 2-3sf and 2+3sf as the characteristic frequency for diagnosing the three-phase asymmetric load fault.
Preferably, the power failure recording analysis device adopts a recording analysis device of ZH-2B type customized by Zhongyuan Hua Chi.
Preferably, the step 3 further comprises:
and taking 3sf as the general state characteristic frequency of the doubly-fed wind generator, taking 2-3sf as the subsynchronous state characteristic frequency of the doubly-fed wind generator, and taking 2+3sf as the supersynchronous state characteristic frequency of the doubly-fed wind generator.
Has the advantages that: according to the method for diagnosing the three-phase asymmetric load fault of the rotor winding of the doubly-fed wind generator, the diagnosis result is very close to the true value, the diagnosis result is effective, the diagnosis accuracy is high, and the operability is high.
According to the method, under different running states of the doubly-fed wind generator, whether the three-phase load asymmetric running fault occurs in the rotor winding of the doubly-fed wind generator or not is judged and diagnosed according to the fault characteristic frequency 3sf and the side frequency (2 +/-3 sf) in the rotor current signal. The advantages are that: 1. the stator and the rotor of the doubly-fed wind generator do not need to be separated for respective research, the running integrity of the whole structure of the motor is ensured, and the reliability of a diagnosis result is high; 2. the sensitivity of the initial diagnosis of the three-phase load asymmetric operation fault of the rotor winding is high, and the early fault diagnosis and containment are facilitated.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a double-fed wind generator rotor winding fault simulation system related to the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a doubly-fed wind turbine generator system according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a flow chart of the three-phase asymmetric load operation fault diagnosis of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a rotor current frequency spectrum diagram of a measuring point on the rotor side of a converter before and after the rotor winding three-phase load asymmetric operation fault under the subsynchronous state when s is 0.12, which is related by the invention;
fig. 5 is a rotor current frequency spectrum diagram of a measuring point on the rotor side of a converter before and after the rotor winding three-phase load asymmetric operation fault under the supersynchronous state when s is-0.12.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, the parameters are nominal operating parameters. The wind turbine characteristic simulation device is used for adjusting the rotating speed of a motor, the double-fed fan excitation control screen is used for adjusting the start and stop of the DSP controllers at the rotor side and the power grid side, parameter change and real-time display of numerical values such as rotating speed, active power, reactive power and the like. The safety and the economy of the experiment are comprehensively considered, the bulb is used for replacing the load, and the load asymmetry is simulated in a mode of breaking the bulb of a certain phase;
as shown in FIG. 2, the distribution of the measuring points is marked by circles. Wherein the 1-4 point positions are respectively as follows: converter rotor side 1, stator side 2, reactor back grid side 3 and converter back grid side 4. Appropriate voltage and current transformers are arranged at four positions to measure signal values before and after the fault respectively so as to facilitate subsequent spectrum analysis;
as shown in fig. 3, a method for diagnosing a three-phase asymmetric load fault of a rotor winding of a doubly-fed wind generator specifically includes the following operation processes:
step 1: the double-fed wind driven generator rotor winding fault simulation system is built on a moving die experiment platform, and the system comprises: the system comprises a 5.5kW direct current motor, a 5.5kW wound asynchronous motor, a wind turbine characteristic simulation device, a double-fed fan excitation control screen, a load and power failure recording analysis device, a rotor side DSP controller and a power grid side DSP controller.
The safety and the economy of the experiment are comprehensively considered, the bulb is used for replacing the load, and the load asymmetry is simulated by adopting a mode of breaking a certain phase bulb; before the experiment, the selection and the measurement of the performance of the voltage and the current transformer are carried out, and the problem of asymmetry of three-phase amplitude values is solved;
step 2: setting different running states of the motor by changing wind speed and changing slip ratio, acquiring rotor current or voltage signals before and after a simulated three-phase load asymmetric running fault on a rotor side model based on a simulation system, correcting the rotor current or voltage signals in different states, performing corresponding wave recording by using a power fault wave recording analysis device, storing data in a comtrade format, reading the data by MATLAB, and performing direct current component filtering and FFT conversion processing;
and step 3: analyzing rotor current or voltage spectrograms in different running states under a normal state and a fault state, acquiring ksf (k is 2n +1, n is a natural number from 1) and the change amplitude of the side frequency of the ksf, extracting the frequency with obvious change before and after the fault as the characteristic frequency for diagnosing the fault according to the change rate of the amplitude, and judging whether the rotor winding of the doubly-fed wind driven generator has a three-phase asymmetric load fault.
The step 1 comprises the following steps:
step 1.1: a 5.5kW direct current motor is directly connected with a 5.5kW wound-rotor asynchronous motor to form a double-fed wind generating set, the direct current motor provides external excitation for the asynchronous motor, and the excitation size is controlled and displayed in real time through a double-fed fan excitation control screen; the separately excited direct current motor is directly connected with the output end of the wind turbine characteristic simulation device and receives a variable wind speed regulation signal in real time; one side output end of the asynchronous motor rotor is connected with the rotor side DSP controller to realize synchronous, super-synchronous and sub-synchronous state conversion of the double-fed asynchronous motor, the other side output end of the asynchronous motor rotor is directly connected with a load and a power failure wave recording analysis device, and the output end of the asynchronous motor rotor is connected into the power grid side DSP controller to realize electric energy transmission with a power grid. When a double-fed wind driven generator rotor winding fault simulation system is built, the rotating speed of a motor is adjusted by a wind turbine characteristic simulation device, and the starting and stopping of a rotor side and grid side DSP (digital signal processor) controller and the parameter change and the real-time display of the rotating speed, active power and reactive power numerical values are adjusted by a double-fed fan excitation control screen; simulating three-phase asymmetric operation faults of the load by disconnecting a certain phase bulb;
step 1.2: before the experiment, the performance of a voltage transformer and a current transformer is tested, the voltage transformer is verified through a power frequency power supply, a voltage regulator, a universal meter and the like, the secondary side of the voltage transformer cannot be short-circuited, a resistor is connected in a loop in series, and the voltage regulator, a pincer-shaped ammeter and the like are used for verifying the current transformer, and the secondary side of the current transformer cannot be open-circuited;
step 1.3: when voltage and current signals are collected, in order to avoid the phenomenon that secondary side waveform distortion is caused by the fact that low-frequency signals generate a direct current magnetization effect and exceed the frequency transmission range of a power frequency transformer, a Hall current sensor with the model of HZIA-C06 is selected. Because the rotor voltage value is small, the voltage sensor is directly connected into a low-frequency signal measuring device customized by Zhongyuan Hua Ching;
step 1.4: in order to avoid the phenomenon that zero drift occurs because the zero line is not connected on the side of the rotor, any phase is in short circuit with the zero line, and then the voltage value or the current value between any two phases is measured to be used as a correction value, so that zero drift correction is carried out on the measured signal.
The step 2 comprises the following steps:
step 2.1: the wind speed is changed by adjusting the rotating speed of the motor through the wind turbine characteristic simulation device, so that the slip ratio s is changed to set the doubly-fed wind driven generator to respectively operate in three different operation states including a synchronous state, a subsynchronous state and a supersynchronous state.
Step 2.2: selecting any one of the running states of the doubly-fed wind driven generator, when the doubly-fed wind driven generator works in a normal state, respectively obtaining rotor current or voltage measured values of four measuring points among an asynchronous motor and a converter, the asynchronous motor and a load, the transformer and the load and the converter and the transformer through a current or voltage transformer, and respectively sending signal waveforms obtained by subtracting correction values from the four measured values to a wave recorder analysis device. Filtering the four groups of signal waveforms by direct current components and carrying out FFT conversion processing to respectively obtain the normal state amplitudes of four frequencies of sf, 3sf, 2-3sf and 2+3 sf; in the experiment, a power failure wave recording analysis device with a model of ZH-2B customized by Zhongyuan Hua electricity is selected to record and monitor the running state of the doubly-fed wind driven generator.
Step 2.3: breaking a certain phase bulb on a simulation system to simulate three-phase asymmetric operation faults of a load, acquiring rotor current or voltage measured values of four measuring points again, sending signal waveforms obtained by subtracting correction values from four groups of measured values to a recorder analysis device respectively, storing data of the recorder analysis device into a comtrade format, reading the data through MATLAB, filtering the four groups of signal waveforms through direct current components and carrying out FFT conversion processing, and obtaining fault state amplitudes of four frequencies of sf, 3sf, 2-3sf and 2+3sf respectively;
the step 3 comprises the following steps:
step 3.1: four groups of change values between the normal state amplitude and the fault state amplitude of the four measuring points sf, 3sf, 2-3sf and 2+3sf frequencies under different doubly-fed wind power generators in the operating state are respectively obtained, and then the change values are respectively divided by the normal state amplitude to obtain the change rate.
Step 3.2: and selecting the frequency value with the maximum change rate from the sf, 3sf, 2-3sf and 2+3sf frequencies in the measurement points of the rotor side of the converter as the characteristic frequency for diagnosing the three-phase asymmetric load fault.
In the experimental statistics of different conditions, when the asymmetrical operation fault of the three-phase load of the doubly-fed wind generator is diagnosed, 3sf is used as the universal state characteristic frequency of the doubly-fed wind generator, 2-3sf is used as the subsynchronous state characteristic frequency of the doubly-fed wind generator, and 2+3sf is used as the supersynchronous state characteristic frequency of the doubly-fed wind generator.
As shown in fig. 4 and 5, the rotor current spectrograms before and after the rotor winding three-phase load asymmetric operation fault in the sub-synchronous state when s is 0.12 and the rotor current spectrograms before and after the rotor winding three-phase load asymmetric operation fault in the super-synchronous state when s is-0.12 are respectively provided. According to the harmonic theory, when the rotor winding of the doubly-fed wind generator fails, the fault characteristic frequency of the rotor side electrical quantity contains ksf components (k is 3,5,7 …), based on the rotor current frequency spectrograms in different motor operation states obtained by analyzing the graphs in fig. 4 and 5, the change amplitude of ksf and the edge frequency thereof is obtained, and the frequency amplitude with obvious change is arranged into table 1.
As can be seen from table 1, the fault characteristic frequency amplitudes of the rotor-side electrical quantities are increased when a fault occurs, and the frequency amplitude change at 3sf is most obvious; when the motor operates in a subsynchronous state, the change rate of the frequency (2-3sf) is greater than that of the frequency (2+3sf), and the fault diagnosis precision is higher; when the motor runs in an over-synchronous state, the change rate of the frequency (2+3sf) is larger than that of the frequency (2-3sf), and the fault diagnosis precision is higher. Therefore, when the operation fault of the three-phase asymmetric load of the rotor winding of the doubly-fed wind driven generator is diagnosed, 3sf can be used as the universal state characteristic frequency of the motor, 2-3sf can be used as the subsynchronous state characteristic frequency of the motor, and 2+3sf can be used as the supersynchronous state characteristic frequency of the motor, so that the diagnosis precision of the fault is further improved.
Table 1 shows the different frequency changes before and after the operation fault of the three-phase asymmetric load of the rotor winding under the subsynchronous and supersynchronous states related to the present invention;
the above description is only of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and it should be noted that: it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and adaptations can be made without departing from the principles of the invention and these are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Claims (1)
1. A fault diagnosis method for three-phase asymmetric loads of a rotor winding of a doubly-fed wind generator is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the method comprises the following steps:
step 1: building a double-fed wind driven generator rotor winding fault simulation system on a moving die experiment platform;
step 2: setting different running states of the motor by changing wind speed and changing slip ratio, acquiring rotor current or voltage signals before and after a simulated three-phase load asymmetric running fault on a rotor side model based on a simulation system, correcting the rotor current or voltage signals in different states, performing corresponding wave recording by using a power fault wave recording analysis device, reading data by using MATLAB, and performing direct current component filtering and FFT conversion processing;
and step 3: analyzing rotor current or voltage spectrograms in different running states under a normal state and a fault state, obtaining a change amplitude of ksf and a side frequency thereof, wherein k =2n +1, n is a natural number from 1, s is a slip ratio, and f is a base frequency, extracting frequencies which obviously change before and after the fault as characteristic frequencies for diagnosing the fault according to the change rate of the amplitude, and judging whether a rotor winding of the doubly-fed wind driven generator has a three-phase asymmetric load fault;
the step 1 comprises the following steps:
step 1.1: a 5.5kW direct current motor is directly connected with a 5.5kW wound-rotor asynchronous motor to form a double-fed wind generating set, the direct current motor provides external excitation for the asynchronous motor, and the excitation size is controlled and displayed in real time through a double-fed fan excitation control screen; the separately excited direct current motor is directly connected with the output end of the wind turbine characteristic simulation device and receives a variable wind speed regulation signal in real time; one side output end of the asynchronous motor rotor is connected with the rotor side DSP controller to realize synchronous, super-synchronous and sub-synchronous state conversion of the double-fed asynchronous motor, the other side output end is directly connected with a load and a power failure wave recording analysis device, and the power failure wave recording analysis device is finally connected into the power grid side DSP controller to realize electric energy transmission with a power grid; the load is simulated by a bulb;
step 1.2: before the experiment, the performance of a voltage transformer and a current transformer is tested, the voltage transformer is verified through a power frequency power supply, a voltage regulator and a universal meter, the secondary side of the voltage transformer cannot be short-circuited, a resistor is connected in a loop in series, and the voltage regulator and a pincer-shaped ammeter are used for verifying that the current transformer cannot be open-circuited;
step 1.3: when voltage and current signals are collected, in order to avoid the phenomenon that secondary side waveform distortion is caused by the fact that low-frequency signals generate a direct current magnetization effect and exceed the frequency transmission range of a power frequency transformer, a Hall current sensor with the model of HZIA-C06 is selected;
step 1.4: in order to avoid the phenomenon of zero drift caused by the fact that the zero line is not connected on the side of the rotor, any phase is in short circuit with the zero line, and then the voltage value or the current value between any two phases is measured to be used as a correction value to carry out zero drift correction on the measured signal;
the step 2 comprises the following steps:
step 2.1: the wind speed is changed by adjusting the rotating speed of the motor through a wind turbine characteristic simulation device, so that the slip ratio s is changed to set the doubly-fed wind driven generator to respectively operate in three different operation states, including a synchronous state, a subsynchronous state and a supersynchronous state;
step 2.2: selecting any one of the running states of the doubly-fed wind driven generator, when the doubly-fed wind driven generator works in a normal state, acquiring a rotor current or voltage measured value of a measuring point between the asynchronous motor and the converter through a current or voltage transformer, and respectively sending signal waveforms obtained by subtracting a correction value from the measured value to a wave recorder analysis device; filtering the signal waveform by direct current components and carrying out FFT conversion processing to obtain the normal state amplitudes of four frequencies of sf, 3sf, 2-3sf and 2+3sf respectively;
step 2.3: breaking a certain phase bulb on a simulation system to simulate three-phase asymmetric operation faults of a load, acquiring a rotor current or voltage measured value of a measuring point between an asynchronous motor and a converter again, respectively sending signal waveforms obtained by subtracting a correction value from the measured value to an oscillograph analysis device, and respectively obtaining fault state amplitudes of four frequencies of sf, 3sf, 2-3sf and 2+3sf by filtering and FFT conversion processing of the signal waveforms;
the step 3 comprises the following steps:
step 3.1: respectively obtaining the change values between the normal state amplitude and the fault state amplitude of the frequency of the asynchronous motor and the converter at the measuring points sf, 3sf, 2-3sf and 2+3sf under different operating states of the doubly-fed wind generator, and then respectively dividing the change values by the normal state amplitude to obtain the change rate;
step 3.2: selecting the frequency value with the largest change rate from the sf, 3sf, 2-3sf and 2+3sf as the characteristic frequency for diagnosing the three-phase asymmetric load fault;
the step 3 further comprises:
and taking 3sf as the general state characteristic frequency of the doubly-fed wind generator, taking 2-3sf as the subsynchronous state characteristic frequency of the doubly-fed wind generator, and taking 2+3sf as the supersynchronous state characteristic frequency of the doubly-fed wind generator.
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| CN113985279B (en) * | 2021-11-01 | 2023-06-20 | 华北电力大学（保定） | Asymmetric fault diagnosis method and system for stator winding of permanent magnet wind driven generator |
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