CN113162118A - Offshore low-voltage crossing detection method for wind generating set - Google Patents

Offshore low-voltage crossing detection method for wind generating set Download PDF

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Publication number
CN113162118A
CN113162118A CN202110538134.9A CN202110538134A CN113162118A CN 113162118 A CN113162118 A CN 113162118A CN 202110538134 A CN202110538134 A CN 202110538134A CN 113162118 A CN113162118 A CN 113162118A
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China
Prior art keywords
simulation
testing machine
machine system
low voltage
generating set
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CN202110538134.9A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
辛征
王�琦
魏莉
张振明
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Shandong Jianzhu University
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Shandong Jianzhu University
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/38Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
    • H02J3/381Dispersed generators
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01RMEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/34Testing dynamo-electric machines
    • G01R31/343Testing dynamo-electric machines in operation
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/12Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks for adjusting voltage in ac networks by changing a characteristic of the network load
    • H02J3/16Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks for adjusting voltage in ac networks by changing a characteristic of the network load by adjustment of reactive power
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2203/00Indexing scheme relating to details of circuit arrangements for AC mains or AC distribution networks
    • H02J2203/20Simulating, e g planning, reliability check, modelling or computer assisted design [CAD]
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2300/00Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation
    • H02J2300/20The dispersed energy generation being of renewable origin
    • H02J2300/28The renewable source being wind energy
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70Wind energy
    • Y02E10/76Power conversion electric or electronic aspects
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E40/00Technologies for an efficient electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
    • Y02E40/30Reactive power compensation

Abstract

The invention discloses a detection method for low-voltage ride through of a wind generating set on the sea, which comprises the following steps: constructing an analog testing machine system, and calculating corresponding current-limiting reactance and short-circuit reactance according to the voltage sag to be tested and the analog testing machine system; simulating no-load operation of a testing machine system; simulating a power grid fault of a test point, and generating a required voltage drop according to a test standard; adjusting the output power of the simulation testing machine system to 10% -30% of the rated power, and carrying out low voltage ride through testing under light load; and S5, adjusting the output power of the simulation testing machine system to 80-95% of the rated power, testing the low voltage ride through capability under heavy load, and recording the test data. According to the invention, based on the difference of operation history and maintenance work of each unit of the wind power plant, the similarity with the actual wind power plant unit is calculated, so that the identity of the product is improved, the actual state of the actual wind power plant unit is greatly restored, and the method has actual significance and effect on-site low-voltage ride through detection.

Description

Offshore low-voltage crossing detection method for wind generating set
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of motor testing, and particularly relates to a detection method for offshore low-voltage ride through of a wind generating set.
Background
The low voltage ride through means that when the voltage of the grid-connected point of the wind driven generator drops, the fan can keep low voltage ride through and grid connection, even provide certain reactive power for the power grid, and support the recovery of the power grid until the power grid recovers to be normal, so as to 'ride through' the low voltage time (area). The LVRT is a specific operation function requirement for keeping grid connection of a grid-connected fan when the voltage of a power grid drops.
The capacity of the wind power plant operated in a grid-connected mode is generally more than 50MW at present, and the installation capacity of the large-scale wind power plant can reach more than 300 MW; the access voltage is above 110 kV. According to the prior art, the low voltage ride through capability of the wind power plant cannot be accurately detected, and the low voltage ride through capability of the wind power plant is verified through a low voltage ride through test of a single wind turbine generator. At present, wind turbines are connected to the power grid in a delta connection mode, and a single-phase earth fault and two short-circuit faults of a power grid are reflected as two short-circuit faults on the low-voltage side of a box transformer of the wind turbines, so that the low-voltage ride-through capability of the wind turbines in the case of three-phase short circuit (symmetrical drop) and two-phase short circuit fault (asymmetrical drop) is only tested. The test which generates actual symmetry according to standard requirements or does not aim at the low-voltage ride-through capability of the wind turbine generator is a test on the overall low-voltage ride-through performance of the wind turbine generator, and any aspect of the wind turbine generator related to grid voltage drop does not meet the requirements, so that the wind turbine generator is likely to be disconnected during the voltage drop. The wind generator is only allowed to disconnect from the grid after the grid voltage drops below a specified curve, and the generator should provide reactive power when the voltage is in the sag. The wind power generation system is required to have a strong Low Voltage Ride Through (LVRT) capability and can conveniently provide reactive power support for a power grid, but whether the existing double-fed wind power generation technology can freely cope with the LVRT, the academia is controversial, while the permanent magnet direct drive type variable speed constant frequency wind power generation system is proved to have excellent performance in this respect, if the LVRT capability is not provided, the fan is disconnected from the power grid due to the action of the protection system of the fan when the voltage of the power grid drops, snow frosting is undoubtedly caused to the power grid, the voltage of the power grid can be reduced to a lower extent, and even the system can be broken down.
Therefore, a low-voltage ride through detection method for an offshore wind turbine generator system is urgently needed, and on-site detection and evaluation are carried out on a fan without a low-voltage ride through test so as to ensure safe and stable operation of a power grid.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to simulate low-voltage ride through detection through a simulation testing machine system and improve the accuracy of the low-voltage ride through detection.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a wind generating set offshore low voltage crossing detection method comprises the following steps:
s1, constructing a simulation testing machine system, and calculating corresponding current limiting reactance and short circuit reactance according to the voltage sag to be tested and the simulation testing machine system;
s2, simulating no-load operation through the simulation testing machine system;
s3, simulating a power grid fault of the test point, and generating a required voltage drop according to the test standard;
s4, adjusting the output power of the simulation testing machine system to 10% -30% of the rated power, and carrying out low voltage ride through test under light load;
and S5, adjusting the output power of the simulation testing machine system to 80-95% of the rated power, testing the low voltage ride through capability under heavy load, and recording test data.
Preferably, the simulation testing machine system comprises a master control system, a first simulation system, a second simulation system, a third simulation system and a monitoring system, wherein the master control system is respectively connected with the first simulation system, the second simulation system, the third simulation system and the monitoring system, and the monitoring system is also respectively connected with the second simulation system and the third simulation system.
Preferably, the master control system is used for controlling a simulation testing machine system to achieve simulation conditions and starting and stopping the simulation testing machine system, the first simulation system is used for simulating voltage, frequency, phase number and other electric quantity or characteristic changes of the wind generating set, the second simulation system is used for simulating a pitch changing system of the wind generating set, the third simulation system is used for simulating changes of other parts of the wind generating set, and the monitoring system is used for monitoring operation parameters of the simulation testing machine system.
Preferably, the construction method of the simulation testing machine system comprises the following steps:
s1.1, acquiring a data set of factors influencing low-voltage ride through of a wind turbine generator, preprocessing the data set by adopting a local abnormal factor LOF algorithm, and removing abnormal data points;
s1.2, performing feature extraction on the preprocessed data set by using a Partial Least Squares (PLS) algorithm and performing dimensionality reduction to obtain a second data set;
and S1.3, training based on the second data set to obtain a low-voltage ride through detection model.
Preferably, the factors at least include the model, operation history and maintenance condition of the wind turbine generator.
Preferably, a sequence sample set is constructed based on the second data set in continuous time, and the low-voltage crossing detection model is updated through Bayesian optimization and time-series selection deep learning.
Preferably, after the simulation testing machine system is constructed, similarity comparison with an actual wind turbine generator is needed, and authenticity of the simulation testing machine system is verified by calculating the similarity degree of the attributes.
Preferably, the attribute similarity calculation is based on the attribute similarity calculation of TextRank.
According to the technical scheme, based on the difference of operation history and maintenance work of each unit of the wind power plant, the similarity with the actual wind power plant unit is calculated, so that the identity of the product is improved, the actual state of the actual wind power plant unit is greatly restored, and the method has actual significance and effect on-site low-voltage ride through detection.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of an offshore low voltage ride through detection method of a wind turbine generator system according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an offshore low voltage ride through testing system of a wind turbine generator system.
Detailed Description
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings without creative efforts.
As shown in fig. 1-2, the invention discloses a method for detecting low voltage crossing at sea of a wind generating set, which comprises the following steps:
s1, constructing a simulation testing machine system, and calculating corresponding current limiting reactance and short circuit reactance according to the voltage sag to be tested and the simulation testing machine system;
s2, simulating no-load operation through the simulation testing machine system;
s3, simulating a power grid fault of the test point, and generating a required voltage drop according to the test standard;
s4, adjusting the output power of the simulation testing machine system to 10% -30% of the rated power, and carrying out low voltage ride through test under light load;
and S5, adjusting the output power of the simulation testing machine system to 80-95% of the rated power, testing the low voltage ride through capability under heavy load, and recording test data.
According to the further optimization scheme, the simulation testing machine system comprises a master control system, a first simulation system, a second simulation system, a third simulation system and a monitoring system, wherein the master control system is connected with the first simulation system, the second simulation system, the third simulation system and the monitoring system respectively, and the monitoring system is connected with the second simulation system and the third simulation system respectively.
According to the further optimization scheme, the master control system is used for controlling the simulation testing machine system to achieve simulation conditions and starting and stopping the simulation testing machine system, the first simulation system is used for simulating voltage, frequency, phase number and other electric quantity or characteristic changes of the wind generating set, the second simulation system is used for simulating a pitch changing system of the wind generating set, the third simulation system is used for simulating changes of other parts of the wind generating set, and the monitoring system is used for monitoring operation parameters of the simulation testing machine system.
Further optimizing the scheme, the construction method of the simulation testing machine system comprises the following steps:
s1.1, acquiring a data set of factors influencing low-voltage ride through of a wind turbine generator, preprocessing the data set by adopting a local abnormal factor LOF algorithm, and removing abnormal data points;
s1.2, performing feature extraction on the preprocessed data set by using a Partial Least Squares (PLS) algorithm and performing dimensionality reduction to obtain a second data set;
and S1.3, training based on the second data set to obtain a low-voltage ride through detection model.
And further optimizing the scheme, wherein the factors at least comprise the model, the operation history and the maintenance condition of the wind turbine generator.
And in the further optimization scheme, a sequence sample set is constructed based on the second data set in continuous time, and the low-voltage crossing detection model is updated by selecting deep learning of a time sequence through Bayesian optimization, so that data in continuous time periods can be acquired conveniently. The continuous time is divided according to environmental factors.
And further optimizing the scheme, after a simulation testing machine system is constructed, similarity comparison with an actual wind turbine is required, and the authenticity of the simulation testing machine system is verified by calculating the similarity degree of the attributes.
And further optimizing a scheme, wherein the attribute similarity calculation is based on the attribute similarity calculation of the TextRank.
According to a further optimization scheme, the master control system has a low voltage ride through test process, and each test task can be automatically completed according to requirements;
the master control system can realize manual or automatic control of all the simulation circuit breakers and simulation disconnecting links in the simulation testing machine system;
the main control system is provided with more than 2 output channels and is used for starting the measuring system to collect data when the test is started;
the master control system is provided with more than 2 open input channels and is used for interacting with the analog testing machine system and external signals;
in a further optimized scheme, the simulation testing machine system further comprises a display module, and the display module is communicated with the master control system through RS485 communication.
According to the further optimization scheme, the third simulation system is divided into a plurality of submodules, the submodules are divided according to the functional attributes of the parts of the wind generating set, the same functional attributes form a group, and when the situation that low-voltage ride through is caused by the third simulation system is detected, a certain part can be quickly found to have a problem according to the divided groups.
In a further optimization scheme, the simulation testing machine system further comprises a detection system, wherein the detection system comprises an in-situ detection system and a remote background; the overall precision of the detection system is superior to 0.2 level;
the detection system can accurately detect and record all data in the test process, including all transient processes and steady-state processes in any time period from before voltage drop to after voltage recovery;
the data acquisition equipment of the detection system can acquire 16 analog acquisition channels, the sampling frequency of each channel is not lower than 50kHz, and 4 switching value input channels are provided. The data acquisition equipment comprises a computer for background operation and related acquisition and analysis software, and is used for completing related calculation and analysis; the data acquisition equipment has a remote communication function, can communicate with a remote background in real time and transmit acquired data to the remote background in time; the data acquisition equipment has the functions of real-time data calculation and analysis so as to calculate the current, voltage, active power and the like in real time and transmit the values to a remote background to be displayed in the forms of curves and the like;
various primary and secondary state parameters related to tests at a test point can be monitored in the test process, the function can be integrated in a low voltage ride through detection platform, and the function can also be completed by an independent acquisition instrument of a client, but the function and the test of the low voltage ride through detection platform can be synchronously sampled;
the detection system can at least simultaneously detect 2 groups of PT voltage signals and 3 groups of CT current signals and complete related calculation and analysis (can complete the tests of various primary and secondary state parameters for the tests of the high-low voltage side and the grid-connected point of the wind turbine generator and the transformer thereof);
the data acquisition equipment is provided with more than 1 path of switching value input, and the starting and stopping of data recording are triggered through the switching value input.
According to a further optimization scheme, the simulation testing machine system further comprises a protection module, wherein the protection module has a local and remote manual emergency switching-out function, and can be used for manually switching out the testing equipment from the simulation testing machine system at any time;
the protection module also has an overcurrent protection function, and automatically cuts out the test equipment from the power grid when the current exceeds a set value;
automatically switching out test equipment when the temperature of the reactor is over-limit; and automatically switching out the test equipment when other test systems are abnormal.
The low voltage ride through capability factor of the wind turbine generator is related to not only a converter, a master control system, a variable pitch system and other components of the wind turbine generator, but also other parts of the wind turbine generator. Other parts of the wind turbine generator do not have faults or lose efficacy, the wind turbine generators which are the same in the current transformer, the master control system, the variable pitch system and the like have the same performance in the low voltage ride through period, but the field actual measurement result shows that relevant equipment of the wind turbine generator after the model test is different from that provided for the field; ensuring product identity and field low voltage ride through detection for these major components is of practical interest and function. Due to different specific operation histories and maintenance works of each unit of the wind power plant, design defects of a current transformer, a master control system, a variable pitch system and the like can be exposed or not exposed; therefore, even if the wind turbines of the same model show individual differences in the low-voltage ride through period, if regional power grid disturbance occurs, the voltage drop degree is relatively deep, and when a large number of wind turbines enter the low-voltage ride through process at the same time, different individual fans of the same model may have different response conditions. Therefore, the wind turbine needs to be optimally designed according to special requirements of different regions by combining the application conditions of the wind turbine all over the country, so that the wind turbine meets the requirements of a local power grid. The wind turbine generator meeting the low voltage ride through requirements such as the converter, the master control system and the variable pitch system is also possible to generate low voltage ride through due to other non-critical parts. According to the technical scheme, based on the difference of operation history and maintenance work of each unit of the wind power plant, the similarity with the actual wind power plant unit is calculated, so that the identity of the product is improved, the actual state of the actual wind power plant unit is greatly restored, and the method has actual significance and effect on-site low-voltage ride through detection.
The foregoing illustrates and describes the principles, general features, and advantages of the present invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, which are described in the specification and illustrated only to illustrate the principle of the present invention, but that various changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, which fall within the scope of the invention as claimed. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.

Claims (8)

1. The method for detecting the low voltage crossing at sea of the wind generating set is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, constructing a simulation testing machine system, and calculating corresponding current limiting reactance and short circuit reactance according to the voltage sag to be tested and the simulation testing machine system;
s2, simulating no-load operation through the simulation testing machine system;
s3, simulating a power grid fault of the test point, and generating a required voltage drop according to the test standard;
s4, adjusting the output power of the simulation testing machine system to 10% -30% of the rated power, and carrying out low voltage ride through test under light load;
and S5, adjusting the output power of the simulation testing machine system to 80-95% of the rated power, testing the low voltage ride through capability under heavy load, and recording test data.
2. The method for detecting low voltage crossing at sea of the wind generating set according to claim 1, wherein the simulation testing machine system comprises a main control system, a first simulation system, a second simulation system, a third simulation system and a monitoring system, the main control system is respectively connected with the first simulation system, the second simulation system, the third simulation system and the monitoring system, and the monitoring system is also respectively connected with the second simulation system and the third simulation system.
3. The method for detecting the offshore low voltage ride through of the wind generating set according to claim 2, wherein the master control system is used for controlling a simulation testing machine system to achieve a simulation condition and controlling the simulation testing machine system to start and stop;
the first simulation system is used for simulating voltage, frequency, phase number and other electric quantity or characteristic changes of the wind generating set;
the second simulation system is used for simulating a system of the wind generating set for changing the pitch;
the third simulation system is used for simulating the change of other parts of the wind generating set;
the monitoring system is used for monitoring the operation parameters of the simulation testing machine system.
4. The method for detecting the offshore low voltage ride through of the wind generating set according to claim 3, wherein the construction method of the simulation testing machine system comprises the following steps:
s1.1, acquiring a data set of factors influencing low-voltage ride through of a wind turbine generator, preprocessing the data set by adopting a local abnormal factor LOF algorithm, and removing abnormal data points;
s1.2, performing feature extraction on the preprocessed data set by using a Partial Least Squares (PLS) algorithm and performing dimensionality reduction to obtain a second data set;
and S1.3, training based on the second data set to obtain a low-voltage ride through detection model.
5. The method for detecting the offshore low voltage ride through of the wind turbine generator set according to claim 4, wherein the factors at least comprise the model, the operation history and the maintenance condition of the wind turbine generator set.
6. The method for detecting the low voltage crossing at sea of the wind generating set according to claim 5, wherein a sequence sample set is constructed on the basis of the second data set in continuous time, and the low voltage crossing detection model is updated through Bayesian optimization and time-series selection deep learning.
7. The method for detecting the offshore low voltage crossing of the wind generating set according to claim 1, wherein after the simulation testing machine system is constructed, similarity comparison with an actual wind generating set is required, and the authenticity of the simulation testing machine system is verified by calculating the similarity degree of attributes.
8. The method for detecting the offshore low voltage crossing of the wind generating set according to claim 7, wherein the attribute similarity calculation is based on the attribute similarity calculation of TextRank.
CN202110538134.9A 2021-05-18 2021-05-18 Offshore low-voltage crossing detection method for wind generating set Pending CN113162118A (en)

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