CN103886791B - The two-way wind-powered electricity generation energy conversion experimental bench of dynamic model and experimental method based on double-fed generator - Google Patents

The two-way wind-powered electricity generation energy conversion experimental bench of dynamic model and experimental method based on double-fed generator Download PDF

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CN103886791B
CN103886791B CN201210559500.XA CN201210559500A CN103886791B CN 103886791 B CN103886791 B CN 103886791B CN 201210559500 A CN201210559500 A CN 201210559500A CN 103886791 B CN103886791 B CN 103886791B
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CN103886791A (en
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邢作霞
杨俊友
钟明方
姜立兵
井艳军
张忠丛
王青林
田艳丰
陈韶宇
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Shenyang University of Technology
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Abstract

The present invention provides a kind of two-way wind-powered electricity generation energy conversion experimental bench of dynamic model based on double-fed generator, it is characterised in that:The experimental bench includes PLC control cabinet, asynchronous machine, double-fed generator, full power convertor, feeder cabinet, back-to-back converter, distribution transformer and quality of power supply measuring instrument.The present invention has filled up the weak point of existing experimental bench, to meet multi-faceted teaching demand, realize a multi-function experimental rig on wind-power electricity generation, it can realize the related experiment of two kinds of power generation modes and two kinds of converter structures, a kind of electricity generating plan therein can be selected in PC kind before the procedure, its test experience scope is included from original wind to the quality of power supply for sending electricity.Allow the relative theory of understanding wind-power electricity generation and the control technology of correlation that experimenter can be more deep.

Description

The two-way wind-powered electricity generation energy conversion experimental bench of dynamic model and experimental method based on double-fed generator
Technical field:The invention belongs to the higher education instrument and equipment field of wind-power electricity generation.A kind of more particularly to wind-power electricity generation energy Amount conversion and Power Quality Detection dynamic model experiment platform and experimental method.
Background technology:In recent years, increasingly consume and cause today of environment severe exacerbation in fossil energy, wind energy is as clear The clean energy has waited until to be widely applied, and it is increasingly taken seriously, and one of which is exactly effectively wind-force hair using hairdo Electricity, wind-power electricity generation turn into the research emphasis of various countries.The research of wind-power electricity generation control technology is carried out, optimal method is to carry out Field experiment.But influenceed by the condition such as bulky of environment, natural cause, weather, equipment, it is impossible to wind-force is sent out at any time Electric system is tested, and field condition is again more severe, and this brings many difficulties to field test.Therefore wind is constructed in laboratory The analog platform of power generation technology just becomes necessary, and the working characteristics of actual wind energy conversion system is simulated by analog platform, profit The correlative study of wind generating technology is carried out with the analog feature of wind energy conversion system.
With the fast development of wind-power electricity generation, increasing high-power blower is connected to the grid so that power network electric energy matter Amount is serious to be reduced.So that the power quality problem and its solution of wind-powered electricity generation are increasingly becoming the focus of research.Will be to power network The quality of power supply is improved, and is first had to make the quality of power supply accurate detection and analysis, is measured the quality of power supply level of power network, And analyze and judgement the reason for causing various power quality problems, provide foundation for the improvement of the quality of power supply.So to electric energy matter The detection and analysis of amount are necessary.
Up to the present, existing experimental bench is unidirectional that can be only done a kind of related experiment of electricity generation system mostly, warp Ji property is bad, and cost performance is not very high, and effect is poor.
The content of the invention:
Goal of the invention:The invention provides a kind of two-way wind-powered electricity generation energy conversion experimental bench of dynamic model based on double-fed generator and Experimental method, the purpose is to solve, function present in conventional experimental bench is single, economy is bad, cost performance is low and effect is poor The problem of.
Technical scheme:The present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions:
A kind of two-way wind-powered electricity generation energy conversion experimental bench of dynamic model based on double-fed generator, it is characterised in that:The experimental bench bag Include PLC control cabinet, asynchronous machine, double-fed generator, full power convertor, feeder cabinet, back-to-back converter, distribution transformer and Quality of power supply measuring instrument;PLC control cabinet is connected to frequency converter, and frequency converter is connected to asynchronous machine, and asynchronous machine is sent out with double-fed The axle of motor is connected and can be with reciprocal generating, and asynchronous machine is connected to full power convertor, and full power convertor is connected to feed Cabinet, feeder cabinet are connected to distribution transformer, and distribution transformer is connected to frequency converter;On the one hand double-fed generator is also connected to feed Cabinet, on the other hand it is connected with back-to-back converter;PLC control cabinet is connected with full power convertor and back-to-back converter respectively; PLC control cabinet connects PC.
Full power convertor and double-fed generator are connected to feeder cabinet by grid-connected/dragging switch cubicle.
Connect an identical quality of power supply measuring instrument respectively after back-to-back converter and full power convertor, electricity Energy quality measuring instrument includes power quality analyzer, power measurement instruments and waveform oscilloscope.
A protection current transformer in parallel and straight between the rotor-side of double-fed wind power generator and back-to-back converter respectively Flow the crowbar protection circuits of power supply;Full power convertor centre simultaneously connects a chopper leadage circuit;Asynchronous machine with A rotational speed and torque measuring instrument is also equipped between double-fed generator.
The experimental method implemented using the two-way wind-powered electricity generation energy conversion experimental bench of the above-mentioned dynamic model based on double-fed generator, It is characterized in that:This method is divided into two kinds of methods arranged side by side, and one kind is generated electricity using double-fed generator, and another kind is that selection is asynchronous Electric power generation, comprise the following steps that:
When selecting double-fed generator to generate electricity, PC simulates various wind-resources according to the various operating conditions of actual wind field Under the conditions of unit wind wheel driving situation, then by PLC control cabinet go full power convertor drive asynchronous machine, by asynchronous Motor drag double-fed wind power generator group is run, and can be by double-fed wind power generator when phase sequence is consistent when reaching simultaneously net spee Group is generated electricity by way of merging two or more grid systems, and now, quality of power supply measuring instrument starts to gather the operation information of unit and sends control system and test to System;In the operation interface of PC, the selection simulation of different operating modes can be carried out, the wind-resources gathered in real time can also be shown Situation, the simulated experiment of motor Grid-connected Control Strategy can be carried out, it was observed that unit synchronization, adjustment of field excitation, grid-connected process;
When selecting generation mode to be generated electricity for asynchronous generator, the grid-connected switch cubicle in the grid-connected switch cubicle of double-fed generator Connect, full power convertor send instructions are given by PLC control cabinet, then by controlling back-to-back converter to go to change doubly-fed generation The exciting current of machine rotor, and can be by asynchronous generating when phase sequence is consistent when reaching simultaneously net spee so as to change rotor speed Set grid-connection generates electricity now, and quality of power supply measuring instrument starts to gather the operation information of unit and sends control system and test to System;In the operation interface of PC, the selection simulation of different operating modes can be carried out, the wind-resources gathered in real time can also be shown Situation, the simulated experiment of motor Grid-connected Control Strategy can be carried out, it was observed that unit synchronization, adjustment of field excitation, grid-connected process.
The current transformer control strategy of the experimental bench is as follows:What outer shroud control was selected is active and idle control, in addition, Active power outer shroud can be that torque or rotating speed outer shroud control, and interior ring controller is closed-loop current control, and wherein stator side is active Power ps, stator side reactive power Qs, electromagnetic torque TeWith rotor speed ωrFor the numeric feedback that tester is surveyed to control In device, when using direct Power Control when, by detect stator export instantaneous active, reactive power error and rotor Magnetic linkage position signalling, active command according to machine unit characteristic by maximal wind-energy catch principle provide, reactive command is according to power network Demand is set, and according to the power detected compared with given power, error carries out computing by PI power governors, respectively Output motor stator current is active and reactive component instruction, then with the active reactive current weight i of the actual rotor of feedbackrd、 irqError voltage instruction is converted into by pi regulator, the sector according to residing for voltage instruction judges voltage vector, from switch Be optimal voltage vector is selected in scale with control the active reactive power tracking of generator to instruction change, wherein fixed Sub- side active-power Ps, stator side reactive power Qs, electromagnetic torque TeWith rotor speed ωrRelation with rotor current is:
Te=npL0(iqsidr-idsiqr)=L0npψsiqr/Ls=L0npUsiqr/(Lsω1) (1)
Ps=udsids+uqsiqs=Usiqs=UsL0iqr/Ls (2)
Qs=uqsids-udsiqs (3)
LsFor the self-induction of stator winding under dq coordinate systems;L0To be equivalent between stator winding and rotor windings under dq coordinate systems Mutual inductance.udsAnd uqsRespectively stator voltage dq axis components, idsAnd iqsRespectively stator current dq axis components, idrAnd iqrRespectively Rotor current dq axis components, ψdsAnd ψqsRespectively stator magnetic linkage dq axis components, J are rotary inertia.
For the sake of the safety of whole system, palpus is completed grid-connected manually before the operation of generator auto-parallel, only hand Move grid-connected success after auto-parallel could normally start, wherein manually it is grid-connected mainly complete grid-connected conditions phase sequence whether one Cause, in addition to whether detect voltage magnitude, voltage is directly measured with voltmeter, and phase sequence detecting method has three-phase synchronous synchronizing Method and oscillograph detection Synchronos method, have light gradation, rotary light method for three-phase synchronous synchronizing method;Detected for oscillograph Synchronos method it be by oscillograph lead to 1,2 passages detect respectively in power network and generator three-phase corresponding to a phase voltage magnitude, Phase and frequency judges and adjusts that phase sequence is consistent, and the present invention uses the light gradation of three-phase synchronous synchronizing method.
Phase sequence detecting method is as follows:Three bulbs are directly connected across in power network and the corresponding phase of doubly-fed generation machine stator Between.Combination method is:1. stator terminal induced voltage is changed by the size of double-feed current transformer regulator generator rotor excitation current, Make stator-induced electromagnetic pressure identical with the amplitude, frequency and phase of line voltage;After 2. voltage is adjusted, if phase sequence is consistent, lamp Light should show as light and shade alternating, if light is not light and shade alternating, illustrates that phase sequence is inconsistent, at this moment should adjust generator Outlet phase sequence (pay attention to:The powered danger of grid side phase sequence can not be adjusted), it is necessary to stop dragging system and wait until that generator speed is Zero (because with the presence of remanent magnetism in doubly-fed generation machine rotor and stator winding, as long as generator speed is not zero, generator unit stator is just There is induced voltage).S2 and S3 disconnecting switch can be disconnected and adjust rotor phase sequence or the realization of stator phase sequence, strict guarantee phase afterwards Sequence is consistent.3. according to f1=f2+fm, wherein f1Voltage on line side frequency, f2Exciting current frequency, fmGenerator shaft speed), adjust Section generator speed adjusts the frequency of double-feed current transformer exciting current and changes the frequency of stator side induced voltage until lamp When bright dark alternately very slow, the frequency and line voltage frequency that illustrate stator-induced electromagnetic pressure are sufficiently close to, and at this moment wait lamp Light completely dimmed moment arrives, you can close a floodgate grid-connected switch.
Simulation for wind power, wind power can be expressed as:
Formula (5), (6) are the mathematical modeling of wind energy conversion system.Wherein, ρ is atmospheric density, kg/m3;A is the gas for flowing through wind wheel Flow section accumulates, m2;V is wind speed, m/s;λ is tip speed ratio;ωturFor the mechanical angular speed of wind wheel, rad/s;R is wind wheel radius, m;PMFor the mechanical output of blower fan capture, W;TMFor the machine torque of wind energy conversion system, Nm;CP(λ, β) is power coefficient, and β is Propeller pitch angle, it can use following function representations
OrderFor a fixed value, we, which are set to wind speed to be divided into, herein cuts wind speed, rated wind speed, cuts out Three sections of wind speed, value are respectively 4m/s, 12m/s, 18m/s.According to actual measurement wind speed or database in air speed value respectively with This 3 values are compared, and it is 0 that β is set before incision wind speed, when value is between incision and rated wind speed, according to the big wind energy of wind Tracking principle gradually adjust propeller pitch angle β, when wind speed specified between cut-out wind speed, regulation propeller pitch angle β be pi/2.
Asynchronous machine uses cage induction motor, the vector controlled based on Air-gap-flux orientated is at this moment used, for asynchronous Motor is cut as what the generator and control of double feedback electric engine this testing stand support direct Power Control, Direct Torque and rotating speed controlled Change, while also open a programmable controller, support to download the control strategy oneself write, facilitate experimental study:Specific side Method is as follows:
System uses velocity close-loop control, and torque controller is pi regulator, there is provided torque reference valueAfter transformed Obtain current component reference value
In formula:P is differential operator;TFor rotor leakage time constant;TrFor rotor time constant;pnFor number of pole-pairs, when When cage induction motor in experimental bench is as generator its control strategy with double feedback electric engine as generator when control strategy Identical, simply current transformer is full power convertor.
The quality of power supply of generating is examined with electric energy quality measuring instrument after double-fed generator or asynchronous generator are grid-connected Survey, detection project includes the parameter such as electric current, voltage, power, harmonic wave, degree of unbalancedness, flickering, can be with detecting instrument interface The Testing index situation of the various qualities of power supply is shown, carries out electric energy quality test sensor, the observation of instrument and meter, use Deng finally being shown, handled, stored to data by the Labview systems in PC, obtain every experiment knot of unit Fruit, and device oscillogram is shown in the display.
Advantage and effect:The invention provides a kind of two-way wind-powered electricity generation energy conversion experimental bench of dynamic model based on double-fed generator And experimental method, the experimental bench include PLC control cabinet, asynchronous machine, double-fed generator, full power convertor, feeder cabinet, leaned against Carry on the back current transformer, distribution transformer and quality of power supply measuring instrument;PLC control cabinet is connected to frequency converter, and frequency converter is connected to asynchronous Motor, asynchronous machine are connected with the axle of double-fed generator and can be with reciprocal generatings, and asynchronous machine is connected to full power convertor, entirely Power converter is connected to feeder cabinet, and feeder cabinet is connected to distribution transformer, and distribution transformer is connected to frequency converter;Doubly-fed generation On the one hand machine is also connected to feeder cabinet, be on the other hand connected with back-to-back converter;PLC control cabinet respectively with full power convertor Connected with back-to-back converter;PLC control cabinet connects PC.
The present invention has filled up the weak point of existing experimental bench, to meet multi-faceted teaching demand, realize one on The multi-function experimental rig of wind-power electricity generation, it can realize the related experiment of two kinds of power generation modes and two kinds of converter structures, grasp A kind of electricity generating plan therein can be selected before work in PC kind, and its test experience scope is included from original wind to being sent The quality of power supply of electricity.Allow the relative theory of understanding wind-power electricity generation and the control technology of correlation that experimenter can be more deep.
The experimental bench can not only be tested by the simulation wind speed in PC database but also can gather anemometer tower Measured data, and the blower fan dynamic model program by writing enters sector-style power analog to data acquired, to be moved in real time Morphotype is intended, and is then tested according to these analogue datas.
It is of the invention compared with existing experimental bench, it is an advantage of the invention that:
1st, practicality of the present invention is good, cost-effective, can complete the experiment of two sets of electricity generation systems, i.e. asynchronous machine and double-fed The armature spindle of motor is connected, reciprocal between them, and one is that asynchronous machine dragging double feedback electric engine generates electricity, and one is that double feedback electric engine drags Dynamic Generation of induction motor.
2nd, the testing stand not only supports that it is real to be tested also support for default different simulation wind speed in optional PC database Data progress real-time Simulation wind power is surveyed to be tested.
3rd, it can simulate the feature of wind machine and wind power under different wind speed, can also carry out grid-connected experiment in real time, turn Fast torque simulated experiment, on-line monitoring and the analysis of the control performance of unit, characteristics of output power and the quality of power supply.
4th, test system uses international fieldbus, interface and communication network, can carry out according to demand secondary Exploitation, has very strong compatibility and autgmentability.
5th, system design has remote monitoring and data presentation system, has demo function, can understand the experiment at scene in real time Situation, meet multi-faceted teaching demand.
6th, for the control of wind-driven generator, this testing stand supports direct Power Control, Direct Torque and rotating speed control, together When also open a programmable controller, support to download the control strategy oneself write, the experiment for being conveniently controlled strategy is ground Study carefully.
The simulation of the achievable Wind turbine generating state of the present invention, including rotating speed, torque, generated energy and active and reactive Regulation.It is specific as follows:
1) no-load running is tested
2) cutting-in control process experiment
3) grid-connected continuous running experiment
4) wind power analog is tested
5) torque simulated experiment
6) generated output simulated experiment
7) the Power Quality Detection experiment that wind-driven generator is generated electricity
8) motor control strategy simulated experiment etc..
The present invention relates to two kinds of wind generating set experiment systems and its test method, can meet domestic two big wind-force at present Generating set requirement of experiment and teaching request, complete machine critical component and system can be tested.Its design standard is high, possesses elder generation The property entered and economy, meanwhile, the invention can aid in " wind-driven generator and energy conversion " " Wind turbines detection technique " course Teaching experiment.
Brief description of the drawings:
Fig. 1 is the connection structure diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is for two-way wind-powered electricity generation energy flow graph.
Fig. 3 is workflow diagram when being generated electricity in the present invention using double-fed generator.
Fig. 4 is workflow diagram when being generated electricity in the present invention using asynchronous generator.
Fig. 5 is the detection method figure of three-phase synchronous generator direct grid-connected.
Fig. 6 is the power detection instrument block diagram in the present invention.
Fig. 7 is the flow chart of the power quality analyzer operation principle of the testing stand.
Fig. 8 is the current transformer control strategy of the testing stand.
Fig. 9 be cage induction motor in the experimental bench as dragging motor when motor control strategy figure.
Embodiment:The present invention is further illustrated below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings:
As shown in figure 1, the present invention provides a kind of two-way wind-powered electricity generation energy conversion experimental bench of dynamic model based on double-fed generator, should Experimental bench includes PLC control cabinet, asynchronous machine, double-fed generator, full power convertor, feeder cabinet, back-to-back converter, distribution Transformer and quality of power supply measuring instrument;PLC control cabinet is connected to frequency converter, and frequency converter is connected to asynchronous machine, asynchronous machine It is connected with the axle of double-fed generator and can be with reciprocal generating, asynchronous machine is connected to full power convertor, and full power convertor connects Feeder cabinet is connected to, feeder cabinet is connected to distribution transformer, and distribution transformer is connected to frequency converter;On the one hand double-fed generator also connects Feeder cabinet is connected to, is on the other hand connected with back-to-back converter;PLC control cabinet respectively with full power convertor and back-to-back unsteady flow Device connects;PLC control cabinet connects PC.PC connects anemometer tower.Between anemometer tower and display centre console i.e. PC Communicated by Profibus, communicated between PC and PLC by Ethernet protocol, PLC control cabinet and frequency converter it Between communicated by CANopen, the communication between PLC control cabinet and current transformer is Profibus.
Quality of power supply measuring instrument is connected after back-to-back converter, quality of power supply measuring instrument includes power quality analysis Instrument, power measurement instruments and waveform oscilloscope;Also identical quality of power supply measuring instrument is connected after full power convertor.Leaning against Carrying on the back the purpose for connecing power quality analyzer, power measurement instruments and waveform oscilloscope respectively after current transformer and full power convertor is Understand the quality of power supply and the power that corresponding electricity generation system is generated electricity;And dynamic real-time measurement, simulation are carried out to caused electric current And show waveform.And a rotational speed and torque measuring instrument is connected on the countershaft of asynchronous machine and double feedback electric engine, to torque rotary speed Dynamic measurement, measurement data in real time is carried out to show by man-machine interface, the measurement of torque to be driven the determination of axle load with Selection of control, the Intensity Design of transmission system working part and prime mover capacity etc. all has great importance, in addition, turning Relation T=9550p/n, the p- power (kW) of square and power, T- torques (Nm), n- rotating speeds (r/min).By measuring rotational speed and torque To understand the relations such as the conversion efficiency of power.HBM TM12 numeral torsion sensors are used for torque rotary speed sensing instrument, are passed through Fieldbus fieldbus is directly connected with system.
A crowbar protection circuit in parallel between the rotor-side of double-fed wind power generator and back-to-back converter;Entirely Power converter centre simultaneously connects a chopper leadage circuit;One is also equipped between asynchronous machine and double-fed generator to turn Fast torque measurer.
The experimental method implemented using the two-way wind-powered electricity generation energy conversion experimental bench of the above-mentioned dynamic model based on double-fed generator, The experimental bench can realize two sets of electricity generation systems, while by the control of power generation mode corresponding to two sets of control softwares realizations, it is a kind of It is that asynchronous machine generates electricity as dragging motor dragging double feedback electric engine operation, double-fed generator rotor-side connection back-to-back converter, The electricity that stator is sent flows into feeder cabinet by grid-connected switch cubicle;Another kind is that double feedback electric engine is made as dragging motor, asynchronous machine For electrical power generators, the electricity that stator is sent flows into feeder cabinet by full power convertor, comprises the following steps that:
Here we introduce the detection method of three-phase synchronous generator direct grid-connected to allow student to understand synchronized process, Prevent from directly operating grid-connected switch simultaneously to damage current transformer and gen-set, or even power network is impacted.So entering Before row wind-power electricity generation, first check for whether phase sequence meets grid-connected conditions, for detection method, by three bulbs be directly connected across in Between power network and the corresponding phase of doubly-fed generation machine stator.Combination method is:1. encouraged by double-feed current transformer regulator generator rotor The size of magnetoelectricity stream changes stator terminal induced voltage, makes stator-induced electromagnetic pressure identical with the amplitude, frequency and phase of line voltage; After 2. voltage is adjusted, if phase sequence is consistent, light should show as light and shade alternating, if light is not light and shade alternating, say Bright phase sequence is inconsistent, and the outlet phase sequence that at this moment should adjust generator (pays attention to:The powered danger of grid side phase sequence can not be adjusted), must Dragging system must be stopped and wait until that generator speed is zero (because with the presence of remanent magnetism in doubly-fed generation machine rotor and stator winding, only The generator speed generator unit stator that is not zero is wanted just to have induced voltage).S2 and S3 disconnecting switch can be disconnected and adjust rotor afterwards Phase sequence or stator phase sequence realize that strict guarantee phase sequence is consistent.3. according to f1=f2+fm, wherein f1Voltage on line side frequency, f2Excitation Power frequency, fmGenerator shaft speed), the frequency of regulator generator rotating speed or regulation double-feed current transformer exciting current is come Change the frequency of stator side induced voltage when light light and shade is alternately very slow, illustrate the frequency and electricity of stator-induced electromagnetic pressure Net electric voltage frequency is sufficiently close to, and at this moment waits light completely dimmed moment to arrive, you can close a floodgate grid-connected switch.
Simulation for wind power, wind power can be expressed as:
Formula (5), (6) are the mathematical modeling of wind energy conversion system.Wherein, ρ is atmospheric density, kg/m3;A is the gas for flowing through wind wheel Flow section accumulates, m2;V is wind speed, m/s;λ is tip speed ratio;ωturFor the mechanical angular speed of wind wheel, rad/s;R is wind wheel radius, m;PMFor the mechanical output of blower fan capture, W;TMFor the machine torque of wind energy conversion system, Nm;CP(λ, β) is power coefficient, and β is Propeller pitch angle, it can use following function representations
OrderFor a fixed value, we, which are set to wind speed to be divided into, herein cuts wind speed, rated wind speed, cuts Go out three sections of wind speed, value is respectively 4m/s, 12m/s, 18m/s.Air speed value in actual measurement wind speed or database is distinguished Compared with this 3 are worth, it is 0 that β is set before incision wind speed, when value is between incision and rated wind speed, according to wind strong wind Principle can be followed the trail of and gradually adjust propeller pitch angle β, when wind speed specified between cut-out wind speed, regulation propeller pitch angle β be pi/2.
When selecting double-fed generator to generate electricity, PC simulates various wind-resources according to the various operating conditions of actual wind field Under the conditions of unit wind wheel driving situation, then by PLC control cabinet go control transducer drive asynchronous machine, pass through asynchronous electricity Machine dragging double-fed wind power generator group operation, and can be by double-fed wind power generator group when phase sequence is consistent when reaching simultaneously net spee Generate electricity by way of merging two or more grid systems, now, quality of power supply measuring instrument starts to gather the operation information of unit and sends control system and test system to System;In the operation interface of PC, the selection simulation of different operating modes can be carried out, the wind-resources feelings gathered in real time can also be shown Condition, the simulated experiment of motor Grid-connected Control Strategy can be carried out, it was observed that unit synchronization, adjustment of field excitation, grid-connected process.
When selecting generation mode to be generated electricity for asynchronous generator, the grid-connected switch cubicle in the grid-connected switch cubicle of double-fed generator Connect, full power convertor send instructions are given by PLC control cabinet, then by controlling back-to-back converter to go to change doubly-fed generation The exciting current of machine rotor, and can be by asynchronous generating when phase sequence is consistent when reaching simultaneously net spee so as to change rotor speed Set grid-connection generates electricity now, and quality of power supply measuring instrument starts to gather the operation information of unit and sends control system and test to System;In the operation interface of PC, the selection simulation of different operating modes can be carried out, the wind-resources gathered in real time can also be shown Situation, the simulated experiment of motor Grid-connected Control Strategy can be carried out, it was observed that unit synchronization, adjustment of field excitation, grid-connected process.
The quality of power supply of generating is examined with electric energy quality measuring instrument after double-fed generator or asynchronous generator are grid-connected Survey, detection project includes the parameter such as electric current, voltage, power, harmonic wave, degree of unbalancedness, flickering, can be with detecting instrument interface The Testing index situation of the various qualities of power supply is shown, carries out electric energy quality test sensor, the observation of instrument and meter, use Deng finally being shown, handled, stored to data by the Labview systems in PC, obtain every experiment knot of unit Fruit, and device oscillogram is shown in the display.
Using the vector controlled based on Air-gap-flux orientated during for cage induction motor as dragging motor, for asynchronous The switching that motor is controlled as the control of generator and double feedback electric engine using direct Power Control, Direct Torque Control and rotating speed, A programmable controller is also opened simultaneously, is supported to download the control strategy oneself write, is facilitated wind-power electricity generation control strategy Experimental study.A kind of control method therein can be selected to be tested, when using direct Power Control.It is fixed especially by detection The position signalling of the magnetic linkage of the instantaneous active of son output, the error of reactive power and rotor, active command are special according to unit Property catch principle by maximal wind-energy and provide, reactive command sets itself according to demand, according to the power with detecting and given work( Rate is compared, and error carries out computing by PI power governors, and output motor stator current is active respectively and reactive component refers to Order, then with the active reactive current weight i of the actual rotor of feedbackrd、irqError voltage be converted into by pi regulator referred to Order, the sector according to residing for voltage instruction judges voltage vector, it is to select optimal voltage vector to control in scale from switch The active reactive power tracking of generator gives the change of instruction.
The experimental bench of the present invention can not only be tested but also can be taken by the simulation wind speed in PC database Anemometer tower measured data, wind power prediction simulation is carried out to obtained measured data by the software for having blower fan dynamic model, so Tested afterwards according to these analogue datas, there can be certain understanding to wind energy quality according to these prediction data and comment Estimate, on the one hand these wind power prediction data are stored in wind power prediction database and shown by man-machine interface;On the one hand Gone to control frequency converter according to wind power prediction data, so as to control dragging asynchronous machine, wherein the frequency converter selects ABB frequency conversions Device.
It is characteristic of the invention that two-way generating can be carried out, experimental implementation person can be according to needing in operation interface accordingly A kind of middle scheme of selection.General principle is to substitute wind wheel by powerful prime mover to go drawing generator to run, and passes through wind work( Rate forecasting software carries out simulation and forecast to anemometer tower measured data or directly uses air speed data mould preset in PC database Intend wind, then remove control PLC switch board according to these analogue datas, PLC sends corresponding control to control unit respectively Signal processed, the scheme of selection is different, and the control signal sent also differs, according to the scheme of selection, each control unit choosing survey with Corresponding control strategy, with the real-time change of wind speed, control unit and prime mover can be adjusted according to wind conditions Speed.When speed reaches set grid-connection speed, unit is connected to the grid by unit current transformer, and passes through tune after being connected to the grid Whole prime mover rotating speed is run in current transformer allowed band, is given by the power factor for adjusting current transformer, it is possible to achieve is generated electricity The regulation of amount and power factor.
As shown in fig. 1, live anemometer tower measured data is passed on PC by Profibus, and PC is to the number after collection According to progress analog-to-digital conversion, zero inspection, dead band inspection, limit value inspection, rate of change inspection, correlation test, average and standard deviation The processing of inspection, interpolation and replacement are carried out to unreasonable and defective data, the data storage after processing is finally entered into the data In the database of storehouse server, measurement module reads current output of wind electric field from electric network database, and is gone out with current wind power plant Power is input quantity, is predicted by correction of historical data, draws wind power prediction scope in next time window, while to wind The wind energy quality of electric field is assessed, and on the one hand estimation range and assessment result are stored in wind power data storehouse, on the other hand pass through Man-machine interface is shown.
The function of PLC control cabinet is according to preset different simulation wind direction PLC controls in actual measurement wind speed or PC database in Fig. 1 Cabinet processed sends control signal, and PLC control cabinet sends instruction to control unit, and so as to control the rotating speed of prime mover, i.e. control generates electricity The rotating speed of machine, when wind speed reaches cutting speed, control system sends grid-connected instruction, so as to realize the energy conversion of wind-powered electricity generation.Hair The electricity gone out feeds back to distribution transformer by feeder cabinet.
Fig. 2 is two-way wind-powered electricity generation energy flow graph, and red is scheme 2, and black is scheme 1.
When experiment operator is needed to select the double feedback electric engine of the present invention to generate electricity by course, selected in PC operation interface Scheme 1 is selected, while PC sends instruction, PLC controls according to preset air speed data in actual measurement wind speed or database to PLC control cabinet Cabinet sends corresponding work order to full power convertor and back-to-back converter respectively again, and full power convertor is according to real in PC Survey or the real-time analog data of preset wind goes to control the rotating speed of dragging asynchronous machine in real time, so as to change double fed electric machine rotor rotation Speed, rotor-side carry out adjustment of field excitation to it by back-to-back converter, at the same rotational speed and torque measuring instrument to asynchronous machine with it is double The connecting shaft of generating aid carries out rotational speed and torque measurement, and measurement data feeds back to PC respectively, to be controlled in real time its rotating speed, The quality of power supply for sending electricity is detected in real time simultaneously, the stator hair of rotating speed and double feedback electric engine can be surveyed according to these in addition The electric phase sequence that goes out, voltage, frequency judges can be grid-connected, its workflow such as Fig. 3.
When experiment operator needs to select Generation of induction motor by course, the selection scheme 2 in PC operation interface, Now PC sends instruction according to preset air speed data in actual measurement wind speed or database to PLC control cabinet, and PLC control cabinet is distinguished again Corresponding work order is sent into back-to-back converter and full power convertor, now, the stator of double feedback electric engine is directly connected to Power network, slip regulating speed is carried out to it by rotor-side back-to-back converter, back-to-back converter is according to actual measurement or preset wind in PC Real-time analog data go control double feedback electric engine rotor-exciting, so as to change the rotary speed of double fed electric machine rotor, that is, change The rotary speed of asynchronous machine, the electricity that asynchronous machine is sent is directly connected to full power convertor, and while DFIG rotates, rotating speed turns Square measuring instrument carries out rotational speed and torque measurement to the connecting shaft of asynchronous machine and double feedback electric engine, and measurement data feeds back to PC respectively, To control its rotating speed in real time, while the quality of power supply after full power convertor is carried out to detect and analyze in real time, separately Can be surveyed outside according to these electric phase sequence, voltage that stator of rotating speed and double feedback electric engine sends, frequency judges can be grid-connected, its Workflow such as Fig. 4.
As shown in figure 5, here we to introduce the detection method of three-phase synchronous generator direct grid-connected same to allow student to understand The process of stepization, while prevent from directly operating grid-connected switch to damage current transformer and gen-set, or even power network is caused to rush Hit.So before wind-power electricity generation is carried out, first check for whether phase sequence meets grid-connected conditions, for detection method, by three lamps Bubble is directly connected across between corresponding phase of the power network with doubly-fed generation machine stator.Combination method is:1. adjusted by double-feed current transformer The size of generator amature exciting current changes stator terminal induced voltage, makes amplitude, the frequency of stator-induced electromagnetic pressure and line voltage Rate is identical with phase;After 2. voltage is adjusted, if phase sequence is consistent, light should show as light and shade alternating, if light is not Light and shade replaces, then illustrates that phase sequence is inconsistent, and the outlet phase sequence that at this moment should adjust generator (pays attention to:Grid side phase can not be adjusted The powered danger of sequence), it is necessary to stop dragging system and wait until that generator speed is zero (because in doubly-fed generation machine rotor and stator winding With the presence of remanent magnetism, as long as generator speed is not zero, generator unit stator just has induced voltage).S2 and S3 disconnecting switch can be disconnected Rotor phase sequence is adjusted afterwards or stator phase sequence is realized, strict guarantee phase sequence is consistent.3. according to f1=f2+fm, wherein f1Net side electricity Voltage-frequency rate, f2Exciting current frequency, fmGenerator shaft speed), regulator generator rotating speed or regulation double-feed current transformer excitation The frequency of electric current come change the frequency of stator side induced voltage until light light and shade alternately it is very slow when, illustrate stator-induced electromagnetic The frequency and line voltage frequency of pressure are sufficiently close to, and at this moment wait light completely dimmed moment to arrive, you can grid-connected open of closing a floodgate Close.
As shown in fig. 6, being the power detection instrument of the experimental bench respectively, they gather model by multi-channel high-speed and gathered Data are simultaneously converted to data signal, are then sent to digital output module by digital processing system.It is connected on grid-connected switch After cabinet, as shown in figure 1, size, frequency and the phase of measuring appliance voltage x current respectively, so as to draw sent wattful power The parameters such as rate, reactive power, power factor, and shown by display.
As shown in fig. 7, the flow chart of the power quality analyzer operation principle for the testing stand, if double-fed wind-force is sent out Then Power Quality Detection point is connected in after stator terminal and the back-to-back converter of double feedback electric engine motor;If asynchronous machine conduct Then Power Quality Detection point is connected to after full power convertor generator, as shown in Figure 1, the detection pair under corresponding scheme The quality of power supply answered, to understand wind-power electricity generation situation.The testing process of the quality of power supply is as shown in Figure 5.Adopted by multi-channel data Collect unit and carry out data acquisition, the data collected are then carried out analog-to-digital conversion, data signal are converted to, through excessive DSP numbers According to processing.To ensure the accurate measurement of parameter, then corresponding parameter and waveform are shown by display, wherein cocoa Measure the 2-63 subharmonic of voltage and current;The various electric energy matter such as measurable voltage deviation, frequency departure, voltage fluctuation and flicker Measure parameter.The Temporal Datas such as tri-phase unbalance factor, polar plot are shown, voltage swells, voltage dip, overvoltage, under-voltage measure, Three and individual event power, apparent energy, active power, reactive power, phasor power factor, total power factor etc..
As shown in Figure 8, it is the current transformer control strategy of the experimental bench, what outer shroud control was selected is active and without power control System, in addition, active power outer shroud can be that torque or rotating speed outer shroud control, and interior ring controller is closed-loop current control.Its Middle stator side active power ps, stator side reactive power Qs, electromagnetic torque TeWith rotor speed ωrFor the number of tester actual measurement Value is fed back in controller.Exemplified by using direct Power Control, especially by instantaneous active, the idle work(of detection stator output The position signalling of the error of rate and the magnetic linkage of rotor, active command catch principle by maximal wind-energy according to machine unit characteristic and given Go out, reactive command is set according to power network demand, and according to the power with detecting compared with given power, error passes through PI work( Rate adjuster carries out computing, and output motor stator current is active respectively and reactive component instruction, then with the actual rotor of feedback Active reactive current weight ird、irqError voltage instruction is converted into by pi regulator, voltage is judged according to voltage instruction Sector residing for vector, it is that optimal voltage vector is selected in scale to control the active reactive power tracking of generator from switch The change of instruction is given, other control methods are similar with this.Wherein stator side active-power Ps, stator side reactive power Qs, electricity Magnetic torque TeWith rotor speed ωrRelation with rotor current is:
Te=npL0(iqsidr-idsiqr)=L0npψsiqr/Ls=L0npUsiqr/(Lsω1) (1)
Ps=udsids+uqsiqs=Usiqs=UsL0iqr/Ls (2)
Qs=uqsids-udsiqs (3)
LsFor the self-induction of stator winding under dq coordinate systems;L0To be equivalent between stator winding and rotor windings under dq coordinate systems Mutual inductance.udsAnd uqsRespectively stator voltage dq axis components, idsAnd iqsRespectively stator current dq axis components, idrAnd iqrRespectively Rotor current dq axis components, ψdsAnd ψqsRespectively stator magnetic linkage dq axis components, J are rotary inertia.
As shown in Figure 9, motor control strategy figure during for the cage induction motor in the experimental bench as dragging motor. Now, cage induction motor uses the vector control strategy based on Air-gap-flux orientated.System uses velocity close-loop control, and it is special Point is that vector control system is simple, and air-gap flux is easy to detect, to handle and magnetic circuit saturation.Torque controller is that PI is adjusted Save device, there is provided torque reference valueCurrent component reference value is obtained after transformed
In formula:P is differential operator;TFor rotor leakage time constant;TrFor rotor time constant;pnFor number of pole-pairs.When When cage induction motor in experimental bench is as generator its control strategy with double feedback electric engine as generator when control strategy Identical, simply current transformer is full power convertor.
In addition, the testing stand is also equipped with to download the control strategy of oneself with programmable controller, experimenter Tested into controller, facilitating the control strategy optimization of wind-powered electricity generation energy conversion will study.
The present invention solves the problems of existing experimental bench well, and its positive effect is rational in infrastructure, easy to use Fast, favorable expandability, can be good at meeting teaching demand, beneficial in the popularization and application of instrument and equipment field.

Claims (4)

  1. A kind of 1. two-way wind-powered electricity generation energy conversion experimental bench of dynamic model based on double-fed generator, it is characterised in that:The experimental bench includes PLC control cabinet, asynchronous machine, double-fed generator, full power convertor, feeder cabinet, back-to-back converter, distribution transformer and electricity Can quality measuring instrument;PLC control cabinet is connected to frequency converter, and frequency converter is connected to asynchronous machine, asynchronous machine and doubly-fed generation The axle of machine is connected and can be with reciprocal generating, and asynchronous machine is connected to full power convertor, and full power convertor is connected to feeder cabinet, Feeder cabinet is connected to distribution transformer, and distribution transformer is connected to frequency converter;Doubly-fed generation machine stator is connected by grid-connected switch To feeder cabinet, rotor is connected with back-to-back converter;PLC control cabinet connects with full power convertor and back-to-back converter respectively Connect;PLC control cabinet connects PC;
    Full power convertor and double-fed generator are connected to feeder cabinet by grid-connected/dragging switch cubicle;
    Connect an identical quality of power supply measuring instrument, electric energy matter respectively after back-to-back converter and full power convertor Measurement instrument includes power quality analyzer, power measurement instruments and waveform oscilloscope;
    The crowbar of a protection current transformer and dc source is accessed between the rotor and back-to-back converter of double-fed generator Protection circuit;Full power convertor simultaneously connects a chopper leadage circuit;It is also equipped between asynchronous machine and double-fed generator One rotational speed and torque measuring instrument;
    Communicated by Ethernet protocol between PC and PLC control cabinet, passed through between PLC control cabinet and frequency converter CANopen communicates.
  2. 2. the reality implemented using the two-way wind-powered electricity generation energy conversion experimental bench of the dynamic model based on double-fed generator described in claim 1 Proved recipe method, it is characterised in that:This method is divided into two kinds of methods arranged side by side, and one kind is generated electricity using double-fed generator, and another kind is Generation of induction motor is selected, is comprised the following steps that:
    When selecting double-fed generator to generate electricity, PC simulates various wind-resources conditions according to the various operating conditions of actual wind field Under unit wind wheel driving situation, then by PLC control cabinet go control transducer drive asynchronous machine, dragged by asynchronous machine Dynamic double-fed wind generator operation, when reaching and double-fed wind generator can generate electricity by way of merging two or more grid systems during net spee and when phase sequence is consistent, this When, quality of power supply measuring instrument starts to gather the operation information of unit and sends control system and test system to;In PC In operation interface, the selection simulation of different operating modes can be carried out, the wind-resources situation gathered in real time can also be shown, can be carried out The simulated experiment of motor Grid-connected Control Strategy, it was observed that unit synchronization, adjustment of field excitation, grid-connected process;
    When selecting generation mode to be generated electricity for asynchronous generator, the grid-connected switch connection in the grid-connected switch cubicle of double-fed generator, Full power convertor send instructions are given by PLC control cabinet, then by controlling back-to-back converter to go to change double-fed generator turn The exciting current of son, and can be by asynchronous generating unit when phase sequence is consistent when reaching simultaneously net spee so as to change rotor speed Generate electricity by way of merging two or more grid systems, now, quality of power supply measuring instrument starts to gather the operation information of unit and sends control system and test system to System;In the operation interface of PC, the selection simulation of different operating modes can be carried out, the wind-resources feelings gathered in real time can also be shown Condition, the simulated experiment of motor Grid-connected Control Strategy can be carried out, it was observed that unit synchronization, adjustment of field excitation, grid-connected process;
    The current transformer control strategy of the experimental bench is as follows:What outer shroud control was selected is active and idle control, in addition, active Power outer shroud can be that torque or rotating speed outer shroud control, and inner ring controller is closed-loop current control, wherein stator side wattful power Rate ps, stator side reactive power Qs, electromagnetic torque TeWith rotor speed ωrFor the numeric feedback that tester is surveyed to controller In, when using direct Power Control, instantaneous active, the error of reactive power and the magnetic linkage of rotor of detection stator output Position signalling, active command according to machine unit characteristic by maximal wind-energy catch principle provide, reactive command is set according to power network demand Fixed, according to the power detected compared with given power, error carries out computing by PI power governors, respectively output electricity Machine stator electric current is active and reactive component instruction, then with the active reactive current weight i of the actual rotor of feedbackrd、irqMistake Difference is converted into voltage instruction by pi regulator, the sector according to residing for voltage instruction judges voltage vector, from switching vector selector table To control change of the active reactive power tracking of generator to instruction, wherein stator side has the optimal voltage vector of middle selection Work(power Ps, stator side reactive power Qs, electromagnetic torque TeWith rotor speed ωrRelation with rotor current is:
    Te=npL0(iqsidr-idsiqr)=L0npψsiqr/Ls=L0npUsiqr/(Lsω1) (1)
    Ps=udsids+uqsiqs=Usiqs=UsL0iqr/Ls (2)
    Qs=uqsids-udsiqs (3)
    <mrow> <mi>J</mi> <mfrac> <mrow> <msub> <mi>d&amp;omega;</mi> <mi>r</mi> </msub> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>d</mi> <mi>t</mi> </mrow> </mfrac> <mo>+</mo> <msub> <mi>B&amp;omega;</mi> <mi>r</mi> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <msub> <mi>n</mi> <mi>p</mi> </msub> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <msub> <mi>T</mi> <mi>m</mi> </msub> <mo>-</mo> <mfrac> <mrow> <msub> <mi>L</mi> <mn>0</mn> </msub> <msub> <mi>n</mi> <mi>p</mi> </msub> <msub> <mi>U</mi> <mi>s</mi> </msub> <msub> <mi>i</mi> <mrow> <mi>q</mi> <mi>r</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> <mrow> <msub> <mi>L</mi> <mi>s</mi> </msub> <msub> <mi>&amp;omega;</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> </mrow> </mfrac> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mo>-</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mn>4</mn> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </mrow>
    LsFor the self-induction of stator winding under dq coordinate systems;L0For the equivalent mutual inductance under dq coordinate systems between stator winding and rotor windings; udsAnd uqsRespectively stator voltage dq axis components, idsAnd iqsRespectively stator current dq axis components, idrAnd iqrRespectively rotor Electric current dq axis components, ψdsAnd ψqsRespectively stator magnetic linkage dq axis components, J are rotary inertia.
  3. 3. the reality that the two-way wind-powered electricity generation energy conversion experimental bench of the dynamic model according to claim 2 based on double-fed generator is implemented Proved recipe method, it is characterised in that:Palpus is completed grid-connected manually before the operation of generator auto-parallel, in addition to detection voltage magnitude is No the same, voltage is directly measured with voltmeter, and phase sequence detecting method uses the light gradation of three-phase synchronous synchronizing method.
  4. 4. the reality that the two-way wind-powered electricity generation energy conversion experimental bench of the dynamic model according to claim 2 based on double-fed generator is implemented Proved recipe method, it is characterised in that:Electric energy after double-fed generator or asynchronous generator are grid-connected with electric energy quality measuring instrument to generating Quality is detected, and detection project includes electric current, voltage, power, harmonic wave, degree of unbalancedness and flickering parameter, in detecting instrument circle On face, the Testing index situation of the various qualities of power supply can be shown, carries out the sight of electric energy quality test sensor, instrument and meter Examine, use, finally data are shown by the Labview systems in PC, handle, stored, obtain every experiment of unit As a result, oscillogram and is shown in the display.
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