CN102252846A - Multifunctional wind power generation simulation experiment platform - Google Patents
Multifunctional wind power generation simulation experiment platform Download PDFInfo
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- CN102252846A CN102252846A CN2011101139338A CN201110113933A CN102252846A CN 102252846 A CN102252846 A CN 102252846A CN 2011101139338 A CN2011101139338 A CN 2011101139338A CN 201110113933 A CN201110113933 A CN 201110113933A CN 102252846 A CN102252846 A CN 102252846A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a multifunctional wind power generation simulation experiment platform, mainly composed of two three-phase asynchronous motors, two frequency converters, a reduction gear box, an acceleration gear box, two torque and rotation speed sensors, a board card and a PC (Personal Computer). The wind speed is set in an upper computer, the board card is used for acquiring rotation speed signals in the torque and rotation speed sensor I, the PC is used for calculating a reference torque and the rotation speed signals, the converter I is used for controlling the torque of the motor I, driving the reduction gear box to rotate to simulate the rotation situation of an actual megawatt fan wind wheel, and the converter II is used for controlling the rotation speed of the motor II, so that the wind power simulator always runs on an optimal power-rotation speed curve. The experiment platform disclosed by the invention can be used for modifying different fan models, has very wide popularity, and can realize online monitoring and analysis to torque, rotation speed, power, current, voltage and the like of the whole system.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of wind-power electricity generation experimental simulation system field, mainly be used under the laboratory environment actual motion characteristic of simulation MW class wind energy conversion system, and the experimental provision that can test the aerogenerator output characteristics of constant power.
Background technology
To the exploitation and the research of wind generating technology, optimal method is that generator, gear train are directly linked to each other with wind wheel, carries out the research work to wind generating technology on the basis of wind energy conversion system actual moving process.But because actual blower fan system complexity, the wind field environment is abominable, causes experiment to be difficult to realize, and expends great amount of manpower and material resources and financial resources.Employing can replace actual wind generator system to experimentize, the mechanical property of wind power generation simulation system prime mover is the same with wind mill wind wheel, most experiment effect is equal to doing to test with actual wind energy conversion system, and the wind energy conversion system that a cover wind power generation simulation system can be simulated different capacity characteristic grade, the change waveform of wind speed can be set, and experiment brings great convenience to wind-power electricity generation.
The disclosed wind-power electricity generation experiment porch that is based on brushless double feed generator of " wind-power electricity generation simulation experiment platform " (application number 200810220069.X) has been considered the situation of dynamic similation; " a kind of wind power generation simulation system " (application number 201010147802) disclosed wind power generation simulation system that is based on double-fed generator based on double-fed generator, can realize control flexibly to active power, the reactive power of generator, and electrical network be played the effect of reactive-load compensation; The disclosed wind-power electricity generation simulation experiment platform of " a kind of experimental simulation system of variable speed constant frequency dual feed wind generator " (application number 200510086939) can be made amendment at different blower fan models, and can simulate the system experimentation of waterpower double-fed generator; The disclosed wind-power electricity generation simulation experiment platform of above-mentioned document can only be simulated the output characteristics of the wind energy conversion system that equates with the wind-power electricity generation acc power, these class methods can not be authentic and valid the operation characteristic of reflection MW class wind energy conversion system, and this experiment porch can accurately be simulated the operation characteristic of MW class wind energy conversion system slow-speed of revolution high torque (HT).
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide and a kind ofly can control, drag and then simulate the characteristic of MW class blower fan torque rotary speed to prime mover, and the multi-functional wind-power electricity generation simulation experiment platform that unity power factor is incorporated into the power networks is tested and realized to output characteristics that can reciprocity power generator by computer control algorithm.
For achieving the above object, experiment porch of the present invention comprises wind-force analog machine part, mechanical driving part and the part of generating electricity by way of merging two or more grid systems; Wind-force analog machine part is made up of threephase asynchronous machine I, controller I, frequency converter I, torque rotary speed sensor I and reduction gear box, controller I is by given wind velocity signal and the tach signal that collects, the visual MW level that adopts VC++6.0 to develop in PC contracts and calculates torque reference and tach signal in real time than the online software of wind-force analog machine, to frequency converter I output torque instruction, control prime mover by frequency converter by principle of vector control, drag reduction gear box operation and then realization simulation the MW class blower fan; Mechanical driving part mainly is made up of step-up gear, because MW class rotation speed of fan scope is generally 10r/min ~ 20r/min, therefore need promote rotating speed by step-up gear, and generator is operated in the suitable range of speeds.The part of generating electricity by way of merging two or more grid systems is made of threephase asynchronous machine II, controller II, frequency converter II, torque rotary speed sensor II, isolating transformer and generator, controller II is by the required tach signal instruction of the real-time calculating generator of MPPT control algolithm, and this instruction is input among the frequency converter II, the control generator remains on the optimized rotating speed operation; Generator sends the three-phase alternating current of amplitude, frequency change, carries out quality of power supply conversion through frequency converter II, is transformed into the electricity that meets the requirement of wind-electricity integration guide rule and is incorporated into the power networks through three-phase isolation transformer.Because step-up gear speed increasing ratio and reduction gear box reduction gear ratio are basic identical, when the output terminal of selecting reduction gear box just can be simulated the MW class fan characteristic during as the wind-force analog machine; When the output terminal of selecting step-up gear just can be simulated the fan characteristic of constant power during as the wind-force analog machine.
What motor I adopted is variable-frequency motor, and motor II adopts common three phase squirrel cage motor.
What controller I used is the PCI-1716 integrated circuit board that grinds China, and what controller II used is the PCI-1723 integrated circuit board that grinds China, all can gather digital analogue signal and send digital analogue signal, controls by PC.
Torque rotary speed sensor I, II can realize communication by serial ports and PC with the rotating speed, torque, the power signal that collect.
The ACS550 frequency converter that described frequency converter I is ABB, frequency converter II are the ACS800 frequency converter of ABB, and are controlled by the voltage signal that integrated circuit board sent that links to each other with PC respectively.
The present invention adopts VC++6.0 to develop visual wind-force analog machine software in PC, can set up the wind speed model accurately by formula, the actual wind regime of simulation under laboratory condition, and can revise relevant parameters as required, thus set up different blower fan models; Export to frequency converter I correspondent voltage signal by integrated circuit board I, the torque of prime mover is controlled in real time, reach quiet, dynamic similation MW class blower fan torque characteristics; Utilize the MPPT algorithm to calculate the tach signal of reference in real time, export to frequency converter II correspondent voltage signal, can realize simulation MW class blower fan slow-speed of revolution characteristic by integrated circuit board II; And finally can be on software signals such as the electric current of torque, rotating speed, power and the generator of wind-force analog machine, voltage be monitored and analyzing and processing in real time.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has following advantage:
1, the present invention can simulate the operation characteristic of MW class blower fan accurately and effectively, and output characteristics that can reciprocity power generator is tested.
2, the present invention can make amendment to different blower fan models, has very strong versatility.
3, the blower fan simulator software of the present invention's exploitation can be realized on-line monitoring and the analysis to torque, rotating speed, power, electric current, voltage etc.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a general structure synoptic diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is MPPT method realization flow figure of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the optocoupler connection layout a between frequency converter of the present invention and the integrated circuit board.
Fig. 4 is the optocoupler connection layout b between frequency converter of the present invention and the integrated circuit board.
Fig. 5 is a control flow chart of the present invention.
Embodiment
Experiment porch of the present invention comprises wind-force analog machine part, mechanical driving part and the part of generating electricity by way of merging two or more grid systems; Wind-force analog machine part is made up of threephase asynchronous machine I, controller I, frequency converter I, torque rotary speed sensor I and reduction gear box, controller I is by given wind velocity signal and the tach signal that collects, the visual MW level that adopts VC++6.0 to develop in PC contracts and calculates torque reference and tach signal in real time than the online software of wind-force analog machine, to frequency converter I output torque instruction, control prime mover by frequency converter by principle of vector control, drag reduction gear box operation and then realization simulation the MW class blower fan; Mechanical driving part mainly is made up of step-up gear, because MW class rotation speed of fan scope is generally 10r/min ~ 20r/min, therefore need promote rotating speed by step-up gear, and generator is operated in the suitable range of speeds.The part of generating electricity by way of merging two or more grid systems is made of threephase asynchronous machine II, controller II, frequency converter II, torque rotary speed sensor II, isolating transformer and generator, controller II is by the required tach signal instruction of the real-time calculating generator of MPPT control algolithm, and this instruction is input among the frequency converter II, the control generator remains on the optimized rotating speed operation; Generator sends the three-phase alternating current of amplitude, frequency change, carries out quality of power supply conversion through frequency converter II, is transformed into the electricity that meets the requirement of wind-electricity integration guide rule and is incorporated into the power networks through three-phase isolation transformer.Because step-up gear speed increasing ratio and reduction gear box reduction gear ratio are basic identical, when the output terminal of selecting reduction gear box just can be simulated the MW class fan characteristic during as the wind-force analog machine; When the output terminal of selecting step-up gear just can be simulated the fan characteristic of constant power during as the wind-force analog machine.
This experiment porch mainly is made of hardware components and software section, gives detailed description respectively below in conjunction with accompanying drawing:
1, hardware components
Being described in detail as follows of system hardware configuration:
1.1 motor I
Used motor is Siemens's variable-frequency motor, more conventional asynchronous machine has better non-sinusoidal wave power supply adaptive faculty, strengthen insulation against ground and turn(s) insulation intensity, improve its natural frequency and avoided the resonance effect that produces with each harmonic, increased strong thermantidote, guaranteed the cooling under the motor slow-speed of revolution by independent power supply power supply.
1.2 motor II
Used motor is for being Siemens's motor.Correlation parameter is: model: Y180L-4, rated voltage 380V, rated current 42.5A, number of magnetic poles 4, rotor rated speed 1470rpm, rated frequency 50Hz, efficient 91.5%, weight 188Kg.
1.3 reduction gear box
Selected gear case is a Jiangsu ACE Semi reduction gear box in the native system, and model: ZSY200-56-2, reduction gear ratio 56/1, power are 30KW.
1.4 raising speed gear case
The selected raising speed gear case of native system is the gear case of Nanjing Highspeed ﹠ Accurate Gear Co., Ltd, model: YSDX-01-00, and the raising speed ratio is 1/55.75, power is 30KW, and by the fuel tank fuel feeding of platform rear end, plays effect lubricated and cooling.
1.5 torque rotary speed sensor
In native system, two selected torque rotary speed sensors all are city-state, Sichuan equipment, slow-speed shaft sensor I parameter: model NJ3, precision 0.2, nominal torque range 0 ~ 10000N.M, calibration coefficient 8088, working speed 0 ~ 8000rpm; High speed shaft sensor II parameter: model NJ1, precision 0.2, nominal torque range 0 ~ 200N.M, calibration coefficient 8519, working speed 0 ~ 6000rpm.The mechanic efficiency instrument that matches with torque rotary speed sensor is NX-1, links to each other with PC by serial ports, can show torque, rotating speed, power signal in real time.
1.6 frequency converter
The frequency converter that is used to control prime mover in the native system is the ACS550-01 frequency converter of Switzerland ABB AB, mainly is the torque of control prime mover; The frequency converter of control generator is the ACS800-11 frequency converter of Switzerland ABB AB, can regulate and realize the unity power factor function that is incorporated into the power networks to the rotating speed of generator.
1.7 integrated circuit board
The two boards card that native system adopted is respectively PCI-1716 and the PCI-1723 that grinds magnificent company, has 16 A/D conversions, D/A output channel, 16 bit digital quantity I/O passages and the 10HMs16 digit counter passages of 250Ks/s.
1.8 optocoupler
Because the transmission of digital signal needs to isolate between frequency converter and the integrated circuit board, so the optocoupler that native system adopts is the non-linear optocoupler TLP521 of Toshiba, and wherein the ratings of forward current is 50mA, and the maximal value of supply voltage is 24V.
1.9 PC system
PC is connected with mechanic efficiency instrument with integrated circuit board respectively, by the software collection created and send signal, realizes the control to the whole wind force generating system, and the operation characteristic of recording geometry that can be real-time.
Referring to Fig. 1, the principle of work of experiment porch is: frequency converter I links to each other with electrical network, making motor I drag reduction gear box by the control to frequency converter rotates, so just can simulate the rotation situation of actual blower fan wind wheel, pass through the raising speed gear case afterwards, dragging motor II generating, motor II is controlled by frequency converter II, the three-phase alternating current that the frequency amplitude that motor II can be sent changes is transformed into the electric energy that meets the condition of being incorporated into the power networks, and finally by isolating transformer electric energy is fed back to electrical network.
PC is according to the wind speed model that sets, and the slow-speed shaft rotating speed that collects by torque rotary speed sensor I, by torque mathematical model (propeller pitch angle when wind rating is following
Be zero) calculate, obtain motor I the dtc signal that should export.Frequency converter I main circuit is not controlled rectification, dc filter capacitor, capacitance overvoltage protection circuit, three-phase inverter by diode and is constituted.Corresponding to different control macro optionses, adopt torque control grand at different application scenarios in this simulation system, dtc signal and the output voltage accepting to send from integrated circuit board go to control motor I.Frequency converter I has local control and two options of Long-distance Control, Electric Machine Control and I/O circuit board---the RMIO(Motor control and I/O board that carries by frequency converter), can realize to the Long-distance Control of frequency converter with communicate by letter.The RMIO plate comprises two programmable analog input ports, two analog output mouths, six programmable digital input ports and three digital output ports.
The transmission of digital signal needs optocoupler to isolate between frequency converter and the integrated circuit board, as shown in Figure 3, opens/stop: I1, O1; Just/and anti-: I2, O2; Speed/torque: I3, O3; Operation/permission: I4, O4; Prepare: I5, O6; Operation: I7, O7; Fault: I9, O9; Integrated circuit board+5V power supply: I6; External+12V power supply: O5; Ground connection: I8, O8; Resistance: R1=200 Ω, R2=1K Ω; Optocoupler:
,
(TLP521-4).The numeral input is respectively: DI1-startup/parking gets electric for starting; DI2-just change/reverse, it is reverse getting electric; DI3-speed/torque control gets electric separation and selects torque control; DI6-operation allows, and gets the electric operation permission that is, will stop in case disconnect frequency converter.The digital signal voltage that frequency converter receives requires greater than 10V, and the digital signal high level of integrated circuit board output only be 5V, thus the output terminal of optocoupler external the 12V power supply, be used to activate frequency converter corresponding digital input function.The effect of three digital output ports of frequency converter is the actual motion states that show current frequency converter: preparation, operation and fault, because frequency converter numeral output voltage signal is 24V, be higher than the digital signal voltage that integrated circuit board receives, therefore the 5V power supply that utilizes integrated circuit board self to provide is powered, and just the running status of frequency converter can be reflected in PC by integrated circuit board.Two analog input ports are respectively: AI1-velocity setting; AI2-torque is given.The outside can by voltage signal (0 ~ 10V) or current signal (0 ~ 20mA) controls, and switches also very simply, can be provided with by wire jumper.Frequency converter I selects for use torque given in native system, reception is from the voltage signal of 0 ~ 10V of integrated circuit board (this signal for before the voltage signal that obtains through conversion of torque calculation value in PC), thereby can control the output torque of motor I, drag reduction gear box by motor I and rotate, just can effectively simulate the operation characteristic of MW class wind energy conversion system.
Frequency converter II is made of back-to-back converter, and the pusher side current transformer is realized the control to rotation speed of fan, makes it follow the tracks of MW class blower fan slow-speed of revolution characteristic accurately.The net side converter realizes that dc voltage is constant and the adjusting of the power factor that is incorporated into the power networks.By this converter plant with the electric energy optimizing control of being incorporated into the power networks.When the wind speed that sets when PC changes, need to make the operation of wind-force analog machine meet optimum power-speed curves, thereby under different wind speed, all can catch peak power by regulating the rotating speed of motor II.The wind energy conversion system power absorbed presents parabolical relation with angular velocity under different wind conditions, the rotating speed of blower fan power absorbed and rotor is a single-valued function, and when rotor during at optimized rotating speed correspondence the power points of a maximum.It is exactly the optimal power curve that maximum power point under each wind speed is coupled together.Under various wind speed, the control by frequency converter II pusher side current transformer makes the rotor speed of motor work in optimized rotating speed just can capture peak power.
As shown in Figure 2, the MPPT algorithm that native system adopts is the variable step method of perturbation, by gathering the output power of wind-force analog machine, and and the last power that collects compare, determine change in rotational speed direction and variable quantity, thereby finally make rotating speed approach optimized rotating speed.Wherein the collection to wind-force analog machine power is by torque rotary speed sensor I, the signal that collects is transferred to PC by mechanic efficiency instrument, sampling time interval is 1s, PC is according to the MPPT algorithm computation of the setting rotating speed of motor value of setting out, after being converted into voltage signal, be transferred to frequency converter II, thereby realize real-time follow-up maximum power point by integrated circuit board.Frequency converter II adopts torque control grand equally, and the RMIO plate comprises three programmable analog input ports, two analog output mouths, six programmable digital input ports and three digital output ports.Referring to Fig. 4, rise/stop: I1, O1; Just/and anti-: I2, O2; Speed/torque: I3, O3; Operation/permission: I4, O4; Prepare: I5, O5; Operation: I7, O8; Fault: I9, O9; Integrated circuit board+5V power supply: O7; Frequency converter 24V power supply: O6; Ground connection: I6, I8; Resistance: R1=200 Ω, R2=1K Ω; Optocoupler:
,
(TLP521-4).The numeral input/output port is basic consistent with being provided with of frequency converter I, and the analog input port is selected AI1-velocity setting for use, receive the voltage signal of integrated circuit board 0 ~ 10V, thereby the rotating speed to system that can be real-time is controlled.
The software of system realizes that part mainly comprises three options: 1, fan characteristic simulation and MPPT operation; 2, state shows; 3, withdraw from.The type parameter can select stall fixed pitch type or speed-changing oar-changing apart from type, and wherein the setting of concrete parameter comprises: propeller pitch angle, wind wheel radius, blower fan height, environment temperature, atmospheric density, atmospheric pressure.The wind speed model has been built four kinds of wind speed models according to practical natural wind: basic wind, gradual change wind, fitful wind and RANDOM WIND.Can select one or more wind speed models wherein as required, make up stack, simulate actual wind speed ruuning situation, the wind speed of simulation can the form by curve show on the figure right side.Simulation to wind energy conversion system can be selected static simulation or dynamic similation, several different methods such as the optional tip-speed ratio method that gets rid of leaves of the control method of MPPT, power signal feedback transmitter, climbing method.System high-speed axle and slow-speed shaft torque rotary speed signal finally can show on monitoring interface, reach the purpose that system is monitored in real time.
Fig. 5 is a control flow chart of the present invention, the concrete operations step is as follows: at first the correlation parameter of frequency converter I, II is set after system powers on, all be set to distance control mode, adopt torque control grand, in PC, open the main interface of software, type parameter and wind speed model to wind energy conversion system is provided with respectively, afterwards static state/dynamic similation the mode of wind energy conversion system and the MPPT method of employing selected.When not adopting the MPPT method, can artificially control generator speed, software is controlled prime mover according to wind speed that sets before and the tach signal that collects, and can simulate actual wind energy conversion system operation conditions; When adopting the MPPT algorithm, software is according to the tach signal of the real-time calculating wind energy conversion system optimum of wind speed situation of change, thereby makes wind energy conversion system catch peak power.Can carry out on-line monitoring and analysis to signals such as the torque of total system, rotating speed, power, electric current, voltages by the status monitoring interface at last.
Claims (5)
1. multi-functional wind-power electricity generation simulation experiment platform is characterized in that: described experiment porch comprises wind-force analog machine part, mechanical driving part and the part of generating electricity by way of merging two or more grid systems; Wind-force analog machine part is made up of PC, integrated circuit board I, motor I, controller I, frequency converter I, torque rotary speed sensor I and reduction gear box, controller I is by given wind velocity signal and the tach signal that collects, the visual MW level that adopts VC++6.0 to develop in PC contracts and calculates torque reference and tach signal in real time than the online software of wind-force analog machine, integrated circuit board I is to frequency converter I output torque instruction, control prime mover by frequency converter by principle of vector control, drag reduction gear box operation and then realization quiet, dynamic similation the MW class blower fan; Mechanical driving part is made up of step-up gear at least; The part of generating electricity by way of merging two or more grid systems is made of threephase asynchronous machine II, controller II, frequency converter II, torque rotary speed sensor II, isolating transformer, integrated circuit board II and generator, controller II is by the required tach signal instruction of the real-time calculating generator of MPPT control algolithm, and should instruct and be input among the frequency converter II by integrated circuit board II, MW class blower fan slow-speed of revolution characteristic is simulated, and the control generator remains on the optimized rotating speed operation; Generator sends the three-phase alternating current of amplitude, frequency change, carries out quality of power supply conversion through frequency converter II, is transformed into the electricity that meets the requirement of wind-electricity integration guide rule and is incorporated into the power networks through three-phase isolation transformer.
2. multi-functional wind-power electricity generation simulation experiment platform according to claim 1 is characterized in that: motor I adopts variable-frequency motor, and motor II adopts the three phase squirrel cage motor.
3. multi-functional wind-power electricity generation simulation experiment platform according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: controller I uses the PCI-1716 integrated circuit board that grinds China, controller II uses the PCI-1723 integrated circuit board that grinds China, all can gather digital analogue signal and send digital analogue signal, controls by PC.
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4. multi-functional wind-power electricity generation simulation experiment platform according to claim 1 is characterized in that: torque rotary speed sensor I, II can realize communication by serial ports and PC with rotating speed, torque, the power signal gathered.
5. multi-functional wind-power electricity generation simulation experiment platform according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the ACS550 frequency converter that described frequency converter I is ABB, frequency converter II is the ACS800 frequency converter of ABB, and is controlled by the voltage signal that integrated circuit board sent that links to each other with PC respectively.
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