CN113053215A - Permanent magnet wind power generation system exploration experiment platform suitable for teaching - Google Patents

Permanent magnet wind power generation system exploration experiment platform suitable for teaching Download PDF

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Publication number
CN113053215A
CN113053215A CN202110304896.2A CN202110304896A CN113053215A CN 113053215 A CN113053215 A CN 113053215A CN 202110304896 A CN202110304896 A CN 202110304896A CN 113053215 A CN113053215 A CN 113053215A
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converter
real
permanent magnet
board card
experiment
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年珩
赵建勇
孙丹
黄银峰
王垚鑫
张震霄
樊昊錞
葛晨昊
翁之翔
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Zhejiang University ZJU
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Zhejiang University ZJU
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G09EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09BEDUCATIONAL OR DEMONSTRATION APPLIANCES; APPLIANCES FOR TEACHING, OR COMMUNICATING WITH, THE BLIND, DEAF OR MUTE; MODELS; PLANETARIA; GLOBES; MAPS; DIAGRAMS
    • G09B23/00Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes
    • G09B23/06Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes for physics
    • G09B23/18Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes for physics for electricity or magnetism
    • G09B23/188Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes for physics for electricity or magnetism for motors; for generators; for power supplies; for power distribution

Abstract

The invention discloses a research experiment platform of a permanent magnet wind power generation system suitable for teaching, which comprises a frequency converter, a prime motor, a permanent magnet synchronous generator, a back-to-back double PWM converter, a bidirectional DC/DC converter, an energy storage battery, a voltage and current sensor, a rotating speed coding disc, a DSP control board card, a real-time data acquisition board card and an upper computer; the experiment platform introduces a plurality of experiment technologies such as virtual simulation, semi-physical simulation and the like, can improve the defects of original exploratory experiment contents, provides rich experiment contents, can utilize the existing equipment of the part of the experiment, improves the utilization rate of the original experiment device, and reduces the consumable equipment and material cost of the experiment platform; in addition, the invention aims to improve the interest and the capability of students in scientific research hotspots, and fully combines various application hotspots and research hotspots of the permanent magnet wind power generation system in the wind power field at the present stage, so as to develop various correlative exploratory experimental projects.

Description

Permanent magnet wind power generation system exploration experiment platform suitable for teaching
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of power electronics, and particularly relates to a research experiment platform of a permanent magnet wind power generation system, which is suitable for teaching.
Background
At present, the mainstream variable speed constant frequency generator set comprises two major types of gear box type double-fed induction generator sets and direct drive type permanent magnet synchronous generator sets, the wind power plant in China generally mainly comprises an asynchronous wind power generator set and a double-fed wind power generator set, but in recent years, because the permanent magnet direct drive wind power generator set has no gear box, the noise and the cost are reduced, the overall efficiency and the reliability are improved, the application proportion of the permanent magnet direct drive wind power generator set in the wind power plant is gradually increased, and therefore the related technical direction of the permanent magnet direct drive wind power generator set also becomes the current research hotspot. However, most of the existing wind power experimental platforms based on the department are dominated by asynchronous motors, so that the department is out of the way of the current research focus in learning, and according to the requirement of 'notice of wind power development and construction scheme in 2017' published by Qinghai development and transformation committee, energy storage devices are required to be configured for wind power projects planned in 2017 according to 10% of the construction scale, and the existing wind power experimental platforms lack the content related to the energy storage devices.
Based on current wind power development current situation and future trend, build permanent magnetism wind power generation system exploratory experiment platform, set up the experiment course of different levels to this branch of academic or vocational study experiment teaching, including basic verification experiment, exploratory experiment, guarantee student's experiment teaching and step by step, emulation experiment is to semi-physical simulation experiment, and at last to pure physical experiment, in virtual simulation and semi-physical simulation experiment platform, the function is abundant, the host computer easy and simple to handle can improve the efficiency of experiment course greatly, makes the student can enter the door and master whole system fast. Because the general-purpose computer is generally only responsible for the work without real-time requirement, but not suitable for the digital signal processing with high real-time requirement, the computer and the DSP are organically combined, and the respective advantages are fully utilized, so that the increasingly higher requirements on real-time data processing capability, data transmission capability and data management capability in real application can be met.
Through combing original exploratory experimental project contents, a set of engineering application-oriented exploratory experimental platform for the permanent magnet wind power generation system is built, multiple experimental technologies such as virtual simulation and semi-physical simulation are introduced, the defects of the original exploratory experimental contents can be perfected, two core technical directions of power electronics and control technology are integrated at the same time, the industrial application hotspots of the power electronics and the wind power system at the current stage are closely combined, a set of higher systematic, advanced and comprehensive exploratory experimental platform is designed, the electrical engineering major multi-major course simultaneous service can be realized, and the important significance is realized on experimental teaching reformation.
The Chinese patent with publication number CN106802589A provides a wind power generation experimental platform based on real-time code generation of DSP and MATLAB, and the RTW real-time code generation technology is used for downloading the code automatically generated by modeling into the DSP, so that the process of compiling a DSP program is omitted; however, a digital processor such as a DSP cannot be directly connected to hardware such as a converter, a motor, etc., and conversion between digital signals and analog signals and mutual transmission of the signals are required, and data obtained by measurement modules such as a sensor, etc. are transmitted in time, so that real-time acquisition and real-time calculation are achieved. The functions of the upper computer in the patent are slightly insufficient, the experimental process is simplified only by using the real-time code generation technology of MATLAB, the maximum advantages of a semi-physical simulation experimental platform cannot be fully exerted without running through the whole experimental process and the functions of the upper computer which is simple to operate and monitors and selects various data, algorithms and functions, links of wind source simulation and wind energy capture are also insufficiently introduced, and students cannot comprehensively and systematically master wind power generation.
The Chinese patent with the publication number of CN110807977A provides a wind power generation experiment platform, solves the technical problems that wind source simulation is not true and the type of a simulation generator is single in the prior art, abundant host computer functions enable students to master the basic characteristics of wind power generation, but the experiment platform has a simple structure, only meets the general requirements of wind power generation on the whole structure, does not relate to an energy storage link, does not make real-time consideration on controllers of various converters, lacks a programming experiment process, and cannot enable the students to effectively link from experiments to actual engineering application.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention provides a research experiment platform of a permanent magnet wind power generation system suitable for teaching, introduces multiple experiment technologies such as virtual simulation and semi-physical simulation, can improve the deficiency of the original research experiment content, provides rich experiment content, and can utilize the existing equipment of an experiment room, improve the utilization rate of the original experiment device, and reduce the consumable equipment and material cost of the experiment platform.
The utility model provides a permanent magnetism wind power generation system exploratory nature experiment platform suitable for teaching, includes converter, prime mover, Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator (PMSG), two PWM converters, two-way DC/DC converter, energy storage battery, voltage current sensor, speed coding dish, DSP control integrated circuit board, real-time data acquisition integrated circuit board, host computer back to back, wherein:
the frequency converter is connected with the prime mover and is used for controlling the prime mover to simulate the mechanical motion of the wind driven generator;
the permanent magnet synchronous generator is connected with the prime mover through the coupler and used for converting mechanical energy generated by the prime mover into electric energy and simulating the working process of the wind driven generator;
the back-to-back double PWM converter is divided into a machine side and a network side, the machine side converter rectifies and converts alternating current generated by the permanent magnet synchronous generator into direct current, one part of the direct current is converted into alternating current through inversion of the network side converter and is converged into a power grid, the other part of the direct current is used for charging an energy storage battery through the bidirectional DC/DC converter, and the charging and discharging process of the energy storage battery is controlled by the BMS battery management system;
the voltage and current sensor is used for acquiring voltage and current data of a power grid, a back-to-back double PWM converter and a bidirectional DC/DC converter, and the rotating speed coding disc is used for acquiring rotating speed information of the permanent magnet synchronous generator;
the DSP control board card is connected with the voltage and current sensor, the rotating speed coding disc, the back-to-back double-PWM converter and the bidirectional DC/DC converter through the real-time data acquisition board card, participates in an algorithm process according to system real-time data measured by the voltage and current sensor and the rotating speed coding disc, and outputs a control instruction to the back-to-back double-PWM converter and the bidirectional DC/DC converter; meanwhile, the DSP control board card is connected with an upper computer through a PCI bus and used for returning system real-time data and states to the upper computer and programming the upper computer;
and the upper computer is used for sending out a control instruction of the system and displaying real-time data and the state of the system.
Furthermore, a grid-off and grid-connected switching device is connected between the grid-side converter and the power grid, and the converter can be disconnected from or connected with the power grid through control, so that the circuit can be protected, and students can perform experimental operation research on a grid-connected process.
Furthermore, the real-time data acquisition board card is composed of a PCI real-time board card and an acquisition control board card, wherein the PCI real-time board card is connected with the DSP control board card, a PCI bus is adopted for communication, and data transmission is digital signals; the acquisition control board card is connected with the voltage and current sensor, the rotating speed coding disc, the back-to-back double PWM converter and the bidirectional DC/DC converter and is used for completing AD conversion after external analog signals are input and DA conversion before internal digital signals are output.
Furthermore, data exchange is carried out between the PCI real-time board card and the acquisition control board card through a low-voltage differential data line, so that interference caused by a data transmission path can be reduced; meanwhile, an ISO high-speed digital isolation circuit is designed for data signal transmission between the PCI real-time board card and the acquisition control board card, so that the PCI real-time board card is prevented from being interfered by physical objects.
Furthermore, the DSP control board is used as a control board of a back-to-back double PWM converter and a bidirectional DC/DC converter and is used for realizing real-time calculation of digital signals; the DSP control board card has three blocks D1-D3, the upper computer is connected with D1 and D2 through a PCI bus and sends control instructions to the D1 and the D2, the D1 and the D2 return corresponding response signals and system data and states, and the D1 and the D2 are connected through a CAN bus to realize the real-time mutual transmission of the signals in the digital signal processing process; control instructions sent by the upper computer reach D1 and D2 to participate in the execution of the control algorithm and directly influence the final result of the experiment, and different control algorithms can design different control instructions and different data and states to be displayed; the DC conversion process of the back-to-back dual PWM converter and the bi-directional DC/DC converter is controlled by D3.
Furthermore, the upper computer is provided with a corresponding operation interface, so that various wind speed simulations, operation mode selection (V/F, vector control and the like), operation data monitoring (voltage, current, power factor, generated energy, battery charge state and the like of each link) and algorithm monitoring (real-time calculation data of various simulation algorithms) can be realized.
Further, for wind speed simulation, a wind speed curve table is arranged in the upper computer, 20 groups of data are shared, the wind speed change time can be adjusted at will, finally, a corresponding curve relation diagram of the wind speed and the power is checked through a fitting button, the relation diagram is used as a reference for controlling the prime motor through the frequency converter, and finally wind motor output is simulated.
The experimental platform integrates three major contents of power electronics, motor control and electromechanics, introduces multiple experimental technologies such as virtual simulation and semi-physical simulation, ensures the maximum utilization of experimental equipment, has rich contents and is convenient to operate, an upper computer interface is helpful for simplifying course contents, abstract concepts are more visual, and the interest of students and the understanding of experimental contents are facilitated to be improved.
The invention controls the frequency converter to drive the prime motor and the permanent magnet motor to simulate the direct drive permanent magnet wind motor to generate power, and controls the PWM converter and the DC-DC converter by programming the DSP board, so that the whole test platform enables students to perform corresponding experimental exploration and innovative development on various current high-performance control strategies for power electronics and motor control, and meanwhile, the students can have deeper understanding on the application of theoretical knowledge by combining various hot point application objects, thereby realizing effective connection with enterprises, and enabling the students to reach the level of scientific research and entry in experimental study to enable the students to preliminarily master the advanced research and development technology of the course. The real-time data acquisition board card between the physical system and the DSP board ensures the real-time performance of experimental data acquisition, transmission and participation operation, avoids the interference of the DSP board by physical objects, greatly improves the reliability and control precision of the system and reduces the probability of damage of the real-time board card.
In addition, the experimental platform of the invention has two characteristics of comprehensive and independent design, aims to improve the interest and the capability of students in scientific research hotspots, and fully combines each application hotspot and research hotspot of the permanent magnet wind power generation system in the wind power field at the present stage, so as to develop various correlative exploratory experimental projects as a guide; the experimental platform is favorable for setting a plurality of exploratory experimental courses based on application objects, realizes multi-course utilization, multi-course linkage use and comprehensive cross use of the exploratory experimental platform, is favorable for improving the experiment participation enthusiasm of students, cultivates the interest and the ability of independent learning, research and innovation of the students, and develops good engineering quality.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a hardware system architecture of an exploratory experimental platform of a permanent magnet wind power generation system of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic layout diagram of the real-time data acquisition board card.
Detailed Description
In order to more specifically describe the present invention, the following detailed description is provided for the technical solution of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings and the specific embodiments.
As shown in fig. 1, the research experiment platform of the permanent magnet wind power generation system of the present invention includes a frequency converter, a prime mover, a shaft coupling, a Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator (PMSG), a machine side converter, a grid side converter, a DC/DC converter, a grid-off and grid-connected switching device, an energy storage device, an upper computer, a voltage and current sensor, a rotation speed coding disc, a real-time data acquisition board, a DSP control board, and the like.
In the embodiment, the experiment platform takes a computer or a touch screen as an upper computer, sends out a control instruction of the system and displays real-time data and the state of the system; the upper computer application software can provide a visual operation interface for a user, and mainly comprises three functions: wind speed simulation function, real-time monitoring function and historical data function.
1. Wind speed simulation function: the wind speed curve table can be set, dozens of groups of data are arranged in total, the wind speed change time can be adjusted at will, and a corresponding curve relation graph of the wind speed and the power can be checked through a fitting button; meanwhile, wind power control strategies such as V/F and vector control can be selected, and experimental contents are enriched.
2. The real-time monitoring function is as follows: the monitoring interface can view various instantaneous parameters, including: the system comprises a direct current bus voltage, a direct current bus current, a power grid voltage, a grid side bidirectional converter alternating current, direct current power, alternating current power of the grid side bidirectional converter, a power factor of the grid side bidirectional converter, power grid frequency, temperature inside a cabinet, rotating speed of a motor and generated energy of the experiment.
3. History data function: the SQL database is adopted to store all effective data of the system, and a user can access the change conditions of all data in the experimental process through the database so as to analyze the experimental result; the database can be accessed in an online mode, so that the database is only required to be installed on a local host, and all nodes can access the database in the same network.
The experimental platform takes three DSP boards as a double PWM converter control board and a DC-DC control board to realize the real-time calculation of digital signals; the upper computer is connected with the DSP board 1 and the DSP board 2 through a communication device, the upper computer sends a control instruction, the DSP boards 1 and 2 return corresponding response signals and system data and states, and the DSP boards 1 and 2 CAN be connected through a CAN bus to realize mutual real-time transmission of signals during digital signal processing; control instructions sent by the upper computer reach the DSP boards 1 and 2 to participate in the execution of the control algorithm, and the final result of the experiment is directly influenced; wherein, different control algorithms can design different control instructions and different data and states to be displayed.
The double PWM converters are divided into a machine side (a permanent magnet generator side) and a network side (a power grid side), the PWM converters can work in a rectification state or an inversion state according to needs, energy can flow in two directions, the sizes and power factors of stator side current and network side current are adjustable, and the whole double PWM converters can work in a four-quadrant state; generally, an engine side converter rectifies alternating current generated by a permanent magnet generator into direct current, one part of the rectified direct current is inverted into alternating current through a network side converter and is converged into a power grid, the other part of the rectified direct current charges an energy storage battery through a bidirectional DC/DC converter, a grid disconnection and connection switching device is connected between the network side converter and the power grid, the converter can be disconnected or connected with the power grid, and a circuit can be protected and students can perform experimental operation research on a grid connection process; wherein, the DSP board 3 controls the direct current conversion process, and the battery charging or discharging process is controlled by the BMS battery management system; real-time data acquisition board cards are connected between the double PWM converters and the DC/DC converters and the corresponding DSP boards, and meanwhile, the DSP boards are connected with the double PWM converters and the DC-DC converters through the data acquisition board cards.
As shown in fig. 2, the real-time data acquisition board card is composed of a real-time board card and an acquisition control board card; the real-time board card is connected with each control board, a PCI bus is used for communication, and data are transmitted into digital signals; the acquisition control board card is connected with the voltage and current sensor, the rotating speed coding disc, the double PWM converter and the DC-DC converter to complete AD conversion after external analog signals are input and DA conversion before internal digital signals are output; data exchange is carried out between the real-time board card and the acquisition control board card through a low-voltage differential data line, so that interference caused by a data transmission path can be reduced; meanwhile, an ISO high-speed digital isolation circuit is designed for data signal transmission between the real-time board card and the acquisition control board card so as to prevent the PCI real-time board card from being interfered by physical objects.
The permanent magnet generator, the power grid and the energy storage DC-DC converter are connected with the current sensor and the rotating speed coding disc so as to measure real-time data of the system; the voltage and current sensor, the rotating speed coding disc, the double PWM converter and the DC-DC converter are respectively connected with three DSP boards through a real-time data acquisition board card, and the measured system real-time data participates in an algorithm process and outputs a control instruction for control; the DSP board is connected with the upper computer through a PCI bus, and returns the real-time data and the state of the system to the upper computer and carries out programming on the upper computer.
The simulation fan power generation can have two modes under the selection of the upper computer interface, one mode is scalar control, namely a V/F mode, the mode cannot realize the maximum tracking of the power generation power, and only when the rotating speed of the generator is faster, the power generation power is larger; the other is vector control, i.e. torque control, in which the down converter controls the motor at a specific torque, and when the motor runs to an optimal speed, the generated power can reach the maximum value. The wind speed simulation can set a wind speed curve table, 20 groups of data are available, the wind speed change time can be adjusted at will, finally, a corresponding curve relation diagram of the wind speed and the power is checked through a fitting button, the relation diagram is used as a reference of a frequency converter for controlling a prime motor, and finally the output of a wind turbine is simulated. The prime motor is connected with the frequency converter, the frequency converter controls the mechanical motion of the prime motor to simulate the mechanical motion of the wind turbine, and the prime motor is connected with the permanent magnet generator through the coupler to simulate the working state of the direct-drive permanent magnet wind motor.
The foregoing description of the embodiments is provided to enable one of ordinary skill in the art to make and use the invention, and it is to be understood that other modifications of the embodiments, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without the use of inventive faculty, as will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and those skilled in the art should make improvements and modifications to the present invention based on the disclosure of the present invention within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (8)

1. The utility model provides a permanent magnetism wind power generation system exploratory nature experiment platform suitable for teaching, its characterized in that, includes converter, prime mover, permanent magnet synchronous generator, two PWM converters, two-way DC/DC converter, energy storage battery, voltage current sensor, speed of rotation coding dish, DSP control integrated circuit board, real-time data acquisition integrated circuit board, host computer back to back, wherein:
the frequency converter is connected with the prime mover and is used for controlling the prime mover to simulate the mechanical motion of the wind driven generator;
the permanent magnet synchronous generator is connected with the prime mover through the coupler and used for converting mechanical energy generated by the prime mover into electric energy and simulating the working process of the wind driven generator;
the back-to-back double PWM converter is divided into a machine side and a network side, the machine side converter rectifies and converts alternating current generated by the permanent magnet synchronous generator into direct current, one part of the direct current is converted into alternating current through inversion of the network side converter and is converged into a power grid, the other part of the direct current is used for charging an energy storage battery through the bidirectional DC/DC converter, and the charging and discharging process of the energy storage battery is controlled by the BMS battery management system;
the voltage and current sensor is used for acquiring voltage and current data of a power grid, a back-to-back double PWM converter and a bidirectional DC/DC converter, and the rotating speed coding disc is used for acquiring rotating speed information of the permanent magnet synchronous generator;
the DSP control board card is connected with the voltage and current sensor, the rotating speed coding disc, the back-to-back double-PWM converter and the bidirectional DC/DC converter through the real-time data acquisition board card, participates in an algorithm process according to system real-time data measured by the voltage and current sensor and the rotating speed coding disc, and outputs a control instruction to the back-to-back double-PWM converter and the bidirectional DC/DC converter; meanwhile, the DSP control board card is connected with an upper computer through a PCI bus and used for returning system real-time data and states to the upper computer and programming the upper computer;
and the upper computer is used for sending out a control instruction of the system and displaying real-time data and the state of the system.
2. The permanent magnet wind power generation system exploratory experimental platform according to claim 1, characterized in that: a grid-connected and disconnected switching device is connected between the grid-side converter and the power grid, the converter can be disconnected or connected with the power grid through control, and the converter can protect a circuit and can be used for students to perform experimental operation research on a grid-connected process.
3. The permanent magnet wind power generation system exploratory experimental platform according to claim 1, characterized in that: the real-time data acquisition board card is composed of a PCI real-time board card and an acquisition control board card, wherein the PCI real-time board card is connected with the DSP control board card, a PCI bus is adopted for communication, and data transmission is digital signals; the acquisition control board card is connected with the voltage and current sensor, the rotating speed coding disc, the back-to-back double PWM converter and the bidirectional DC/DC converter and is used for completing AD conversion after external analog signals are input and DA conversion before internal digital signals are output.
4. The permanent magnet wind power generation system exploratory experimental platform according to claim 3, characterized in that: the PCI real-time board card and the acquisition control board card exchange data through a low-voltage differential data line, so that interference caused by a data transmission path can be reduced; meanwhile, an ISO high-speed digital isolation circuit is designed for data signal transmission between the PCI real-time board card and the acquisition control board card, so that the PCI real-time board card is prevented from being interfered by physical objects.
5. The permanent magnet wind power generation system exploratory experimental platform according to claim 1, characterized in that: the DSP control board is used as a control board of the back-to-back double PWM converter and the bidirectional DC/DC converter and is used for realizing real-time calculation of digital signals; the DSP control board card has three blocks D1-D3, the upper computer is connected with D1 and D2 through a PCI bus and sends control instructions to the D1 and the D2, the D1 and the D2 return corresponding response signals and system data and states, and the D1 and the D2 are connected through a CAN bus to realize the real-time mutual transmission of the signals in the digital signal processing process; control instructions sent by the upper computer reach D1 and D2 to participate in the execution of the control algorithm and directly influence the final result of the experiment, and different control algorithms can design different control instructions and different data and states to be displayed; the DC conversion process of the back-to-back dual PWM converter and the bi-directional DC/DC converter is controlled by D3.
6. The permanent magnet wind power generation system exploratory experimental platform according to claim 1, characterized in that: the upper computer is provided with a corresponding operation interface, so that various wind speed simulations, operation mode selection, operation data monitoring and algorithm monitoring can be realized.
7. The permanent magnet wind power generation system exploratory experimental platform according to claim 6, characterized in that: for wind speed simulation, a wind speed curve table is arranged in the upper computer, 20 groups of data are shared, the wind speed change time can be adjusted at will, finally, a corresponding curve relation graph of wind speed and power is checked through a fitting button, the relation graph is used as a reference of a frequency converter for controlling a prime mover, and finally wind motor output is simulated.
8. The permanent magnet wind power generation system exploratory experimental platform according to claim 1, characterized in that: the experiment platform integrates three contents of power electronics, motor control and electromechanics, introduces multiple experiment technologies such as virtual simulation and semi-physical simulation, ensures the maximum utilization of experiment equipment, has rich contents and is easy and convenient to operate, an upper computer interface is helpful for simplifying course contents, abstract concepts are more visual, and the experiment platform is favorable for improving the interest of students and understanding experiment contents.
CN202110304896.2A 2021-03-17 2021-03-17 Permanent magnet wind power generation system exploration experiment platform suitable for teaching Pending CN113053215A (en)

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