CN108191694A - 一种双子两性离子表面活性剂及其制备方法以及利用表面活性剂制备的转向酸 - Google Patents

一种双子两性离子表面活性剂及其制备方法以及利用表面活性剂制备的转向酸 Download PDF

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CN108191694A
CN108191694A CN201810015179.6A CN201810015179A CN108191694A CN 108191694 A CN108191694 A CN 108191694A CN 201810015179 A CN201810015179 A CN 201810015179A CN 108191694 A CN108191694 A CN 108191694A
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shuangzi
zwitterionic surfactant
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毛金成
张冲
张恒
赵金洲
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Southwest Petroleum University
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Abstract

本发明提供一种双子两性离子表面活性剂及其制备方法以及利用表面活性剂制备的转向酸。其中,该转向酸按质量百分数计,包括:双子两性离子表面活性剂2%‑3%,盐酸15%‑18%,1%‑2%缓蚀剂、助添加剂2%‑3%,余量为水。本发明提供的转向酸,具有明显的增粘特性和良好的高温转向能力。

Description

一种双子两性离子表面活性剂及其制备方法以及利用表面活 性剂制备的转向酸
技术领域
本发明涉及石油开采行业中储层酸化改造技术领域,尤其涉及一种双子两性离子表面活性剂及其制备方法、及利用表面活性剂制备的转向酸。
背景技术
油气储层酸化作为一种高效的储层改造技术,在油田开发的各个阶段都到广泛使用。对于非均质性较强的储层和水平段较长的水平井而言,常规酸化难以达到均匀布酸的效果,导致高渗透得到有效改造,低渗透层酸化改造效果差,难以达到高效酸化的目的。目前,常采用的均匀布酸的方法主要分为两大类:机械方法和化学方法。机械方法包含:封隔器、堵球分层级连续油管拖动,这些方法施工成本高,应用范围局限性大。化学方法包含:泡沫转向、高聚物转向和粘弹性表活剂转向,其中泡沫转向技术稳定性差,难以在高温地层使用;高聚物转向技术转向效率高,难以破胶,对地层伤害大。粘弹性表面活性剂转向技术转向效率高,破胶彻底,对地层伤害极低。
粘弹性表面活性剂转向酸是一种能在地层条件下,通过酸岩反应使得酸液粘度发生变化的酸液体系。转向酸主要用于储层基质酸化和酸压领域,在酸化过程中由于酸液优先进入高渗透层,酸液与岩石反应导致粘度变化,从而酸液流动阻力变大,导致酸液流动方向发生改变,流向低渗透层,使得高渗透层和低渗透层都得到有效酸化改造。然而,目前的粘弹性表面活性剂转向酸其增粘特性和高温转向能力较差,有待改善。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于解决上述现有技术存在的缺陷,提供一种双子两性离子表面活性剂及其制备方法以及利用双子两性离子表面活性剂制备得到的转向酸。
一种双子两性离子表面活性剂,其结构式为:
式中RCO=芥酸酰基、山嵛酸酰基、油酸酰基或硬脂酸酰基。
一种双子两性离子表面活性剂的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
步骤1:将二氯丙醇与二氯甲烷混合均匀得到溶液I;
步骤2:给溶液I滴加三乙胺,室温搅拌5分钟;
步骤3:将马来酸酐与二氯甲烷的混合物加入步骤2的产物中,40℃回流4小时,旋蒸除去溶剂得中间体A;
步骤4:将中间体A与芥酸酰胺丙基二甲胺或油酸酰胺丙基二甲胺混合,加入异丙醇作为溶剂,搅拌10分钟;
步骤5:在85℃油浴条件下搅拌24小时后,旋蒸除去溶剂得到淡黄色粘稠状液体即为双子两性离子表面活性剂。
一种转向酸,按质量百分数计,包括:
双子两性离子表面活性剂2%-3%,盐酸15%-18%,1%-2%缓蚀剂、助添加剂2%-3%,余量为水。
进一步地,如上所述的转向酸,所述缓蚀剂为非离子型曼尼希碱或离子型曼尼希碱。
进一步地,如上所述的转向酸,所述辅助添加剂为铁离子稳定剂和或黏土稳定剂。
有益效果:
本发明提供的表面活性剂为双子两性离子表面活性剂。首先,双子表面活性剂相较于单子表活剂而言具有CMC浓度低、地层吸附小的特性,然后,两性离子表活剂较阳离子表活剂而言,在地层吸附小,伤害低。通过所述双子两性离子表面活性剂制备的转向酸,具有明显的增粘特性和良好的高温转向能力,并且具有优良的耐温抗剪切性,优异的缓速性,并能自主破胶,对地层伤害小,适用范围广。
附图说明
图1为实施例3中制备的转向酸粘度-酸浓度变化曲线图;
图2为实施例4VES-MJ酸液体系高温流变曲线图;
图3为实施例5并联岩心驱替曲线图。
具体实施方式
为使本发明的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚,下面本发明中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
实施例1:
步骤1:取0.1mol1,3-二氯丙醇放入250ml烧瓶,加二氯甲烷稀释,放入磁力搅拌子,滴加0.01mol三乙胺,室温搅拌5分钟;
步骤2:将0.1mol马来酸酐溶于50ml二氯甲烷中,用恒压滴液漏斗向烧瓶中缓慢滴加马来酸酐-二氯甲烷溶液,40℃回流4小时,旋蒸除去溶剂得中间体A;
步骤3:将0.1mol中间体A与0.1mol芥酸酰胺丙基二甲胺放入500ml烧瓶中,加250ml异丙醇作为溶剂,放入磁力搅拌子,室温搅拌10分钟;
步骤4:将烧瓶置入85℃油浴锅中,安装冷凝回流装置,85℃搅拌24小时后,旋蒸除去溶剂得到淡黄色粘稠状液体即为新型双子两性离子表面活性剂VES-MJ。
实施例2:
本实施例与实施例1的区别在于,步骤3中将0.1mol中间体A与0.1mol油酸酰胺丙基二甲胺放入500ml烧瓶中,加250ml异丙醇作为溶剂,放入磁力搅拌子,室温搅拌10分钟最终制备得到新型双子两性离子表面活性剂VES-DY。
实施例3:
以VES-MJ为例配置的转向酸配方如下:
3%VES-MJ+15%盐酸+2%缓蚀剂(曼尼希碱)+1%铁离子稳定剂+1%黏土稳定剂+78%水。该转向酸粘度随酸液浓度变化曲线如图1所示,随着盐酸的消耗,酸液体系粘度出现增大的情况,并在盐酸消耗到5%时,体系粘度达到最大,说明该酸液体系有明显的增粘特性。
实施例4:
以实施例3制备得到残酸在135℃,170s-1条件下剪切30分钟粘度维持在50mPa·s,剪切60分钟粘度维持在30mPa·s(图2),表明该体系具有良好的高温转向能力。
所述残酸为转向酸鲜酸(即刚制备好的转向酸)在注入地层后与地层岩石发生反应变粘的酸液。转向酸的高温转向能力体现出该转向酸体系能适用于高温储层。
实施例5:
以VES-MJ为例配置的转向酸配方如下:3%VES-MJ+15%盐酸+2%缓蚀剂(曼尼希碱)+1%铁离子稳定剂+1%黏土稳定剂+78%水。以该酸液配方进行并列岩心驱替实验,驱替温度为135℃,其中1号岩心和2号岩心渗透率倍比为10:1;从图3可以看出酸液具有明显的高温转向能力。从图3中可以看出,横坐标是驱替时间,左边纵坐标为流体从岩心流出的流量,右边纵坐标为驱替压力;在用酸液驱替过程中,驱替温度维持在135℃,岩心流量曲线表明,酸液优先进入渗透率较大的1号岩心,随着酸液与1号岩心发生反应,酸液体系粘度增大,驱替压力上升,在20分钟时,1号岩心流量明显降低,渗透率较低的2号岩心流量开始增大,说明酸液从单一进入1号岩心,转变为同时进入1、2号岩心,在60分钟时,2号岩心流量明显超越1号岩心,说明1号岩心得到有效封堵,酸液主要流入2号岩心,体现出较好的高温转向能力。随着驱替实验的进行,酸液突破1号岩心,1号岩心渗透率增大,渗流阻力减小,因此1号岩心流量增大,2号岩心流量减小,驱替压力出现下降趋势。
最后应说明的是:以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案,而非对其限制;尽管参照前述实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明,本领域的普通技术人员应当理解:其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改,或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换;而这些修改或者替换,并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本发明各实施例技术方案的精神和范围。

Claims (5)

1.一种双子两性离子表面活性剂,其特征在于,其结构式为:
式中RCO=芥酸酰基、山嵛酸酰基、油酸酰基或硬脂酸酰基。
2.一种双子两性离子表面活性剂的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
步骤1:将二氯丙醇与二氯甲烷混合均匀得到溶液I;
步骤2:给溶液I滴加三乙胺,室温搅拌5分钟;
步骤3:将马来酸酐与二氯甲烷的混合物加入步骤2的产物中,40℃回流4小时,旋蒸除去溶剂得中间体A;
步骤4:将中间体A与芥酸酰胺丙基二甲胺或油酸酰胺丙基二甲胺混合,加入异丙醇作为溶剂,搅拌10分钟;
步骤5:在85℃油浴条件下搅拌24小时后,旋蒸除去溶剂得到淡黄色粘稠状液体即为双子两性离子表面活性剂。
3.一种转向酸,其特征在于,按质量百分数计,包括:
双子两性离子表面活性剂2%-3%,盐酸15%-18%,1%-2%缓蚀剂、助添加剂2%-3%,余量为水。
4.根据权利要求3所述的转向酸,其特征在于,所述缓蚀剂为非离子型曼尼希碱或离子型曼尼希碱。
5.根据权利要求3所述的转向酸,其特征在于,所述辅助添加剂为铁离子稳定剂和黏土稳定剂。
CN201810015179.6A 2018-01-08 2018-01-08 一种双子两性离子表面活性剂及其制备方法以及利用表面活性剂制备的转向酸 Pending CN108191694A (zh)

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CN112552894A (zh) * 2019-12-31 2021-03-26 西南石油大学 一种耐超高温低粘度低腐蚀的乳化剂及含有该乳化剂的乳化酸体系
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