CN108188030B - Tea sorting method - Google Patents
Tea sorting method Download PDFInfo
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- CN108188030B CN108188030B CN201810020520.7A CN201810020520A CN108188030B CN 108188030 B CN108188030 B CN 108188030B CN 201810020520 A CN201810020520 A CN 201810020520A CN 108188030 B CN108188030 B CN 108188030B
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 241001122767 Theaceae Species 0.000 claims abstract description 76
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 58
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 54
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000000979 retarding effect Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000009024 Ceanothus sanguineus Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000003553 Leptospermum scoparium Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000015459 Lycium barbarum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
- B07B—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS BY SIEVING, SCREENING, SIFTING OR BY USING GAS CURRENTS; SEPARATING BY OTHER DRY METHODS APPLICABLE TO BULK MATERIAL, e.g. LOOSE ARTICLES FIT TO BE HANDLED LIKE BULK MATERIAL
- B07B9/00—Combinations of apparatus for screening or sifting or for separating solids from solids using gas currents; General arrangement of plant, e.g. flow sheets
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23F—COFFEE; TEA; THEIR SUBSTITUTES; MANUFACTURE, PREPARATION, OR INFUSION THEREOF
- A23F3/00—Tea; Tea substitutes; Preparations thereof
- A23F3/06—Treating tea before extraction; Preparations produced thereby
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
- B07B—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS BY SIEVING, SCREENING, SIFTING OR BY USING GAS CURRENTS; SEPARATING BY OTHER DRY METHODS APPLICABLE TO BULK MATERIAL, e.g. LOOSE ARTICLES FIT TO BE HANDLED LIKE BULK MATERIAL
- B07B11/00—Arrangement of accessories in apparatus for separating solids from solids using gas currents
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
- B07B—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS BY SIEVING, SCREENING, SIFTING OR BY USING GAS CURRENTS; SEPARATING BY OTHER DRY METHODS APPLICABLE TO BULK MATERIAL, e.g. LOOSE ARTICLES FIT TO BE HANDLED LIKE BULK MATERIAL
- B07B11/00—Arrangement of accessories in apparatus for separating solids from solids using gas currents
- B07B11/06—Feeding or discharging arrangements
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
- B07B—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS BY SIEVING, SCREENING, SIFTING OR BY USING GAS CURRENTS; SEPARATING BY OTHER DRY METHODS APPLICABLE TO BULK MATERIAL, e.g. LOOSE ARTICLES FIT TO BE HANDLED LIKE BULK MATERIAL
- B07B9/00—Combinations of apparatus for screening or sifting or for separating solids from solids using gas currents; General arrangement of plant, e.g. flow sheets
- B07B9/02—Combinations of similar or different apparatus for separating solids from solids using gas currents
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Combined Means For Separation Of Solids (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to the field of tea production, in particular to a tea sorting method, which comprises the following steps: firstly, dividing tea grades: dividing the fresh tea into six grades from large to small according to the size and the grade of the tea leaves and stems; secondly, setting the sorting stage number: five grading monomers are arranged for the six grades; thirdly, constructing a hierarchical monomer structure: each grading monomer comprises a lifting component, an air suspension component, a flexible mesh belt sorting component and an output component; fourthly, setting the size of a screening net; fifthly, grading and screening. The invention adopts a multi-stage screening mode, can classify and convey tea leaves according to various different modes, and can separate and output coarse leaves and fine leaves, the doping degree is small, and the speed of the leaves reaching the flexible mesh belt is small and the leaves are almost in a static state by adopting an air floatation mode, so that the damage to the tea leaves in the screening process is reduced, the air floatation angle is adjustable, and the tea leaf classifying and conveying device can adapt to different tea leaf varieties.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of tea production, in particular to a tea sorting method.
Background
With the development of national economy, labor force is accelerated to transfer to industry and towns, labor force for picking tea leaves is increasingly short, cost is increased, the continuous healthy development of the tea industry is influenced, mechanical picking and subsequent processing of fresh tea leaves are inevitable trends, the subsequent processing of the mechanically picked fresh tea leaves is always a difficult point in the industry, and the problems of large specification difference, irregular defective times, old and tender and the like of the mechanically picked fresh tea leaves are caused mainly because the existing tea picking machine can only carry out undifferentiated reciprocating cutting on fresh tea tree shoots, so that the subsequent processing technology is different, the product quality is unstable, and the economic benefit cannot be fully exerted. The design of the device for screening old stems, old leaves and bud leaves in fresh tea has great value.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems in the background art and provides a tea sorting method.
The technical purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a tea leaf sorting method comprises the following steps:
firstly, dividing tea grades: dividing fresh tea into six grades, namely a coarse leaf stem, a one-bud four-leaf tea, a one-bud three-leaf tea, a one-bud two-leaf tea, a one-bud one-leaf tea and a finely-crushed leaf stem according to the size of the leaf stem from large to small;
secondly, setting the sorting stage number: five grading monomers are arranged for the six grades, namely a first grading monomer, a second grading monomer, a third grading monomer, a fourth grading monomer and a fifth grading monomer, wherein the first grading monomer is used for separating a stem of a thick leaf from a stem of a bud, four leaves and the following grades, the second grading monomer is used for separating a stem of a bud, four leaves and the following grades, the third grading monomer is used for separating a stem of a bud, three leaves and the following grades, the fourth grading monomer is used for separating a stem of a bud, one leaf and the following grades, and the fifth grading monomer is used for separating a stem of a bud, one leaf and the following grades;
thirdly, constructing a hierarchical monomer structure: each grading monomer comprises a lifting component, an air suspension component, a flexible mesh belt sorting component and an output component;
the air suspension component comprises a falling channel, an air suspension air channel and an air suspension fan; the flexible mesh belt sorting component comprises a flexible mesh belt and a rotating shaft, wherein the flexible mesh belt is annular, screening holes are formed in the surface of the flexible mesh belt, the rotating shaft is arranged in the ring of the flexible mesh belt and divides the whole flexible mesh belt into a screening mesh surface and a separation mesh surface, and the screening mesh surface is horizontally arranged; the output component comprises a coarse leaf output belt and a fine leaf output belt, the coarse leaf output belt is arranged below the flexible mesh belt sorting component, and the fine leaf output belt penetrates through an annular inner ring of the flexible mesh belt and is arranged below the screening mesh surface in parallel; the grading single bodies are connected with each other through the fine blade output belt and the lifting component.
Fourthly, setting the size of a screening net: the pore diameters of the screening net surfaces of the first-grade monomer to the fifth-grade monomer are as follows in sequence: 4.75mm, 3.35mm, 2.36mm, 1.70mm, 1.18mm, 0.850 mm;
fifthly, carrying out classified screening, namely feeding fresh tea from the lifting part of the first classified monomer, and then screening, wherein in the screening process, the passing speed of the tea at the screen surface of the screen is controlled to be 10.5 ~ 28.7.7 g/mm 2. s by each stage of air suspension part.
Preferably, the air suspension air duct comprises a speed-reducing air duct and a dispersing air duct, and the dispersing air duct is arranged above the speed-reducing air duct; the retarding air duct is obliquely and upwards arranged, and the bottom of the retarding air duct is hinged with an air pipe output by the air suspension fan; the dispersion wind channel is divided into two groups which are arranged oppositely, each group is provided with a plurality of air blowing openings, and the positions of the opposite air blowing openings are staggered mutually.
Preferably, the flexible mesh belt comprises a screening mesh surface and two separation mesh surfaces, the screening mesh surface and the separation mesh surfaces are equal in length, so that the whole flexible mesh belt forms a regular triangular ring, and the screening mesh surface is arranged at the topmost part of the whole ring.
Tea passes through the in-process of flexible guipure screening, and the biggest problem is exactly the hanging net rate of tea, because tea is at the hanging net phenomenon of mesh, can lead to the screening diameter of mesh reality to diminish to lead to originally can see through the unable passing through of blade of mesh, caused the loss of tea and the decline of screening accuracy. Through the inverted-triangular annular flexible mesh belt structure, tea leaves hanging on the two separation mesh surfaces below can automatically fall into the coarse tea output belt under the action of gravity, the net hanging rate of the coarse tea is greatly reduced, the running speed of the whole device can be increased, and the screening efficiency is improved.
Preferably, in the fifth step, when tea leaves pass through the screening net surface, the tea leaves are vibrated through the vibration seat, the vibration seat comprises a base, a vibration support and a vibrator, a rebound spring is arranged between the base and the vibration support, the flexible net belt sorting component is fixed on the vibration support through a rotating shaft, the vibrator comprises a vibration motor and an eccentric wheel, the eccentric wheel abuts against the bottom of the vibration support, the eccentric wheel is driven by the vibration motor to rotate, the flexible net belt sorting component is fixed below the falling channel through the vibration seat, the vibration frequency of the vibration seat is 1 ~ 20Hz, and the amplitude is 1 ~ 5 cm.
Through the vibration effect, firstly can play the screening efficiency that improves the screening wire side, the second can strengthen hanging the free of net tealeaves from the separation wire side and drop to improve the screening effect.
Preferably, in the fifth step, the rotating shaft intermittently rotates, so that the positions of the sieving screen surface and the separating screen surface are alternately exchanged.
Preferably, an external blowing pipe is arranged in the flexible mesh belt ring, and an opening of the external blowing pipe faces the separation mesh surface.
Preferably, the external blowing pipe is connected with the air suspension fan.
Preferably, the flexible mesh belt is a flexible rope-woven mesh, a steel wire mesh or a plastic mesh net.
In conclusion, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the tea sorting method provided by the invention adopts a multi-stage screening mode, and can sort and convey tea according to various different modes to obtain tea products with different grades.
The tea leaf sorting method can continuously screen fresh tea leaves, the coarse tea leaves and the fine tea leaves are separately output, the doping degree is small, the speed of the leaves reaching the flexible mesh belt is small by adopting an air floatation mode, the leaves are almost in a static state, the damage to the tea leaves in the screening process is reduced, the air floatation angle is adjustable, and the tea leaf sorting method can adapt to different tea leaf varieties.
The tea sorting method has the advantages that the amount of the tea hanging nets on the flexible net belts is small, and screening loss caused by the fact that the tea is hung on the flexible net belts can be reduced to the maximum extent.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow diagram of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a hierarchical monomer of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the structure of the retarding duct of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of a dispersion air duct of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic structural view of the vibration seat of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following specific examples are given by way of illustration only and not by way of limitation, and it will be apparent to those skilled in the art from this disclosure that various changes and modifications can be made in the examples without inventive faculty, and yet still be protected by the scope of the claims.
The present invention will be described in detail below by way of examples with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Example 1:
as shown in other figures 1-5, a tea leaf sorting method comprises the steps of:
firstly, dividing tea grades: dividing fresh tea into six grades, namely a coarse leaf stem, a one-bud four-leaf tea, a one-bud three-leaf tea, a one-bud two-leaf tea, a one-bud one-leaf tea and a finely-crushed leaf stem according to the size of the leaf stem from large to small;
secondly, setting the sorting stage number: five grading monomers A are arranged for the six grades, namely a first grading monomer A1, a second grading monomer A2, a third grading monomer A3, a fourth grading monomer A4 and a fifth grading monomer A5, wherein the first grading monomer A1 is used for separating a stem of a coarse leaf from four leaves of a bud and the grades below the four leaves of the bud, the second grading monomer A2 is used for separating four leaves of the bud, three leaves of the bud and the grades below the three leaves of the bud, the third grading monomer A3 is used for separating three leaves of the bud, two leaves of the bud and the grades below the three leaves of the bud, the fourth grading monomer A4 is used for separating two leaves of the bud, one leaf and the grades below the bud, and the fifth grading monomer A5 is used for separating one leaf of the bud, one leaf and the fine leaf;
thirdly, constructing a hierarchical monomer A structure: each grading monomer A comprises a lifting component 1, an air suspension component 2, a flexible mesh belt sorting component 3 and an output component 4;
the air suspension component 2 comprises a falling channel 21, an air suspension air duct 22 and an air suspension fan 23, the air suspension air duct 22 comprises a retarding air duct 221 and a dispersing air duct 222, and the dispersing air duct 222 is arranged above the retarding air duct 221; the retarding air duct 221 is obliquely arranged upwards, and the bottom of the retarding air duct is hinged with an air pipe output by the air suspension fan 23; the dispersing air duct 222 is divided into two groups arranged in opposite directions, each group is provided with a plurality of air blowing openings, and the positions of the opposite air blowing openings are staggered;
the flexible mesh belt sorting component 3 comprises a flexible mesh belt 31 and a rotating shaft 32, wherein the flexible mesh belt 31 is annular, the surface of the flexible mesh belt is provided with screening holes, the rotating shaft 32 is arranged in the ring of the flexible mesh belt 31 and divides the whole flexible mesh belt 31 into a screening mesh surface 311 and a separating mesh surface 312, the screening mesh surface 311 is horizontally arranged, the flexible mesh belt 31 comprises a screening mesh surface 311 and two separating mesh surfaces 312, the screening mesh surface 311 and the separating mesh surfaces 312 are equal in length, so that the whole flexible mesh belt 31 forms a regular triangular ring, the screening mesh surface 311 is arranged at the top of the whole ring, and the flexible mesh belt 31 is a flexible rope woven net, a steel wire mesh or a plastic hole mesh;
the output component 4 comprises a coarse leaf output belt 41 and a fine leaf output belt 42, the coarse leaf output belt 41 is arranged below the flexible mesh belt sorting component 3, and the fine leaf output belt 42 penetrates through the annular inner ring of the flexible mesh belt 31 and is arranged below the screening mesh surface 311 in parallel; the grading monomer A is connected with the lifting component 1 through a fine blade output belt 42.
Fourthly, setting the size of a screening net: the pore diameters of the screening net surface 311 from the first grading monomer to the fifth grading monomer are as follows in sequence: 4.75mm, 3.35mm, 2.36mm, 1.70mm, 1.18mm, 0.850 mm;
fifthly, classified screening, namely feeding fresh tea from the lifting component 1 of the first classification monomer A1 and then screening, wherein in the screening process, the passing speed of the tea at the screening net surface 311 is controlled to be 10.5 ~ 28.7.7 g/mm2. s through each stage of air suspension component 2, the tea passes through the screening net surface 311 and is vibrated through the vibration seat 5 at the same time of passing through the screening net surface 311, the vibration seat 5 comprises a base 51, a vibration support 52 and a vibrator 53, a rebound spring 54 is arranged between the base 51 and the vibration support 52, the flexible net belt sorting component 3 is fixed on the vibration support 52 through a rotating shaft 32, the vibrator 53 comprises a vibration motor 531 and an eccentric 532, the eccentric 532 is abutted against the bottom of the vibration support 52, the eccentric 532 is driven by the vibration motor 531 to rotate, the flexible net belt sorting component 3 is fixed below the falling channel 21 through the vibration seat 5, the vibration frequency of the vibration seat 5 is 1 ~ 20Hz, the amplitude is 1 ~ 5cm, and in the screening process, the rotating shaft 32 intermittently rotates, so that the screen surface 311 and the separation net surface 312 and the screen surface are alternately arranged at intervals;
an external blowing pipe 7 is arranged in the flexible mesh belt 31, the opening of the external blowing pipe 7 is arranged towards the separation mesh surface 312, and the external blowing pipe 7 is connected with the air suspension fan 23.
Claims (8)
1. A tea leaf sorting method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
firstly, dividing tea grades: dividing fresh tea into six grades, namely a coarse leaf stem, a one-bud four-leaf tea, a one-bud three-leaf tea, a one-bud two-leaf tea, a one-bud one-leaf tea and a finely-crushed leaf stem according to the size of the leaf stem from large to small;
secondly, setting the sorting stage number: five grading monomers (A) are arranged for the six grades, namely a first grading monomer (A1), a second grading monomer (A2), a third grading monomer (A3), a fourth grading monomer (A4) and a fifth grading monomer (A5), wherein the first grading monomer (A1) is used for separating a stem of a thick leaf from a stem of a bud with four leaves and the size grades below the four leaves, the second grading monomer (A2) is used for separating a stem of a bud with four leaves from a stem of a bud with three leaves and the size grades below the three leaves, the third grading monomer (A3) is used for separating a stem of a bud with three leaves and a stem of a bud with the size grades below the two leaves, the fourth grading monomer (A4) is used for separating a stem of a bud with two leaves and a bud with one leaf and the size grades below the bud with the three leaves, and the size grades below the three grading monomers (A5) are used for separating a stem of a bud with one leaf and a fine leaf;
thirdly, constructing a hierarchical monomer (A) structure: each grading monomer (A) comprises a lifting component (1), an air suspension component (2), a flexible mesh belt sorting component (3) and an output component (4);
the air suspension component (2) comprises a falling channel (21), an air suspension air duct (22) and an air suspension fan (23); the flexible mesh belt sorting component (3) comprises a flexible mesh belt (31) and a rotating shaft (32), wherein the flexible mesh belt (31) is annular, screening holes are formed in the surface of the flexible mesh belt, the rotating shaft (32) is arranged in the ring of the flexible mesh belt (31) and divides the whole flexible mesh belt (31) into a screening mesh surface (311) and a separation mesh surface (312), and the screening mesh surface (311) is horizontally arranged; the output component (4) comprises a coarse leaf output belt (41) and a fine leaf output belt (42), the coarse leaf output belt (41) is arranged below the flexible mesh belt sorting component (3), and the fine leaf output belt (42) penetrates through an annular inner ring of the flexible mesh belt (31) and is arranged below the screening mesh surface (311) in parallel; the grading monomers (A) are connected with each other through a fine leaf output belt (42) and a lifting component (1);
fourthly, setting the size of a screening net: the pore diameters of the screening net surfaces (311) from the first grading monomer to the fifth grading monomer are as follows in sequence: 4.75mm, 3.35mm, 2.36mm, 1.70mm, 1.18mm, 0.850 mm;
fifthly, classifying and screening, namely feeding fresh tea from the lifting part (1) of the first classifying monomer (A1) and then screening, wherein in the screening process, the passing speed of the tea at the screen surface (311) of the screen is controlled to be 10.5 ~ 28.7.7 g/mm by each stage of air suspension part (2)2·s。
2. The tea sorting method according to claim 1, wherein the air suspension air duct (22) comprises a speed reducing air duct (221) and a dispersing air duct (222), and the dispersing air duct (222) is arranged above the speed reducing air duct (221); the retarding air duct (221) is obliquely and upwards arranged, and the bottom of the retarding air duct is hinged with an air pipe output by the air suspension fan (23); the dispersion air channel (222) is divided into two groups which are arranged oppositely, each group is provided with a plurality of air blowing openings, and the positions of the opposite air blowing openings are staggered.
3. A tea leaf sorting method according to claim 1, wherein the flexible mesh belt (31) comprises a screening mesh surface (311) and two separating mesh surfaces (312), the screening mesh surface (311) being of equal length to the separating mesh surface (312) such that the entire flexible mesh belt (31) forms a regular triangular loop, the screening mesh surface (311) being disposed at the topmost part of the overall loop.
4. A tea leaf sorting method according to claim 1, wherein in the fifth step, the tea leaves pass through the screening net surface (311) and are vibrated by the vibration seat (5), the vibration seat (5) comprises a base (51), a vibration bracket (52) and a vibrator (53), a rebound spring (54) is arranged between the base (51) and the vibration bracket (52), the flexible net belt sorting component (3) is fixed on the vibration bracket (52) through a rotating shaft (32), the vibrator (53) comprises a vibration motor (532) and an eccentric wheel (532), the eccentric wheel (532) is abutted against the bottom of the vibration bracket (52), the eccentric wheel (532) is driven by the vibration motor (531) to rotate, the flexible net belt sorting component (3) is fixed below the falling channel (21) through the vibration seat (5), the vibration frequency of the vibration seat (5) is 1 ~ 20Hz, and the vibration amplitude is 1 ~ 5 cm.
5. A tea leaf sorting method according to claim 4, wherein in step five, the rotary shaft (32) is intermittently rotated to alternately interchange the positions of the screening mesh surface (311) and the separating mesh surface (312).
6. A tea leaf sorting method according to claim 5, wherein an external blowing pipe (7) is arranged in the loop of the flexible mesh belt (31), and the opening of the external blowing pipe (7) is arranged towards the separation mesh surface (312).
7. A tea leaf sorting method according to claim 6, wherein the external blowing duct (7) is connected to the air suspension fan (23).
8. A tea leaf sorting method according to claim 1, wherein the flexible mesh belt (31) is a flexible rope woven mesh, a steel wire mesh or a plastic mesh.
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CN108745882B (en) * | 2018-06-26 | 2020-04-21 | 石阡县夷州贡茶有限责任公司 | Tea sorting machine with freely selectable sorting stages |
CN109317405B (en) * | 2018-10-17 | 2024-02-23 | 浙江理工大学 | Centrifugal super-optimal famous tea grader |
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CN2628164Y (en) * | 2003-06-19 | 2004-07-28 | 中国一拖集团有限公司 | Adjustable negative pressure suspension aggregate size gravity sorter |
CN201253604Y (en) * | 2008-07-02 | 2009-06-10 | 尹庆文 | Self-cleaning vibration screen |
AR090849A1 (en) * | 2012-04-25 | 2014-12-10 | Delkor Technik B V | SEPARATION SYSTEM |
CN105710037A (en) * | 2016-04-15 | 2016-06-29 | 丁仕波 | Multi-stage sorting device for mechanically picking fresh tea leaves |
CN206356225U (en) * | 2016-11-21 | 2017-07-28 | 天方茶业股份有限公司 | The even tea conveyer belt of tealeaves impurity elimination |
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