CN108186829B - 一种治疗慢性鼻炎的中草药组合物及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种治疗慢性鼻炎的中草药组合物及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种治疗慢性鼻炎的中草药组合物及其制备方法，由以下重量份的中药原料制成：藿香1~6份、白芷1~6份、石菖蒲1~6份、佩兰1~6份、鱼腥草1~6份、五指风1~6份。制备方法是将中药原料粉碎、调成膏状，放置于口罩中。本发明疗效迅速，无痛苦性，无明显毒副作用及不良反应的发生，且还具有操作简单、易于携带、使用方便的优点。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及中药技术领域，尤其是一种治疗慢性鼻炎的中草药组合物及其制备方法。
背景技术
慢性鼻炎是一种慢性炎症，发生于鼻腔黏膜及黏膜下层，此病在临床较为常见，它以鼻塞（间歇性、交替性或持续性鼻腔不通气）为主要症状，同时可伴流涕、头痛、嗅觉欠佳等症状。随着经济的发展、气候环境的恶化，慢性鼻炎成为耳鼻咽喉科常见病之一，人群中慢性鼻炎的患病率高达40％。慢性鼻炎等同于中医的鼻窒，传统医学认为引发鼻窒的主要病机为肺脾胃三脏的虚弱。肺气虚弱不足，气不固表，易感外邪，邪毒入侵，壅滞于鼻，或脾胃虚，而失于运化，脾不运化，水湿内生，停于鼻窍，经络受阻，以致鼻塞不通。此病易反复发作，病程一般较长，严重影响病人的生活质量及工作效率。西医治疗本病的方法主要有：1、滴鼻法：血管收缩剂滴鼻；2、注射法：下鼻甲黏膜下硬化剂注射；3、手术：下鼻甲部分切除术、下鼻甲外移术、下鼻甲骨黏骨膜下切除术、激光、微波等方法。中医方法有内服中药汤剂或中成药、刺激穴位（包括针灸、穴位贴敷）、中药雾化熏吸法、拔罐等等。但以上几种方法有明显的缺陷：西医治疗方法患者较痛苦，一般很难接受，常让患者产生恐惧逃避心理。而中医治疗方法需要有中医基础的医生进行施治，且需要患者多次到医院治疗，比较麻烦，很多患者不愿接受类似这些治疗。
发明内容
本发明公开了一种治疗慢性鼻炎的中草药组合物及其制备方法，疗效迅速，无痛苦性，无明显毒副作用及不良反应的发生，且还具有操作简单、易于携带、使用方便的优点。
为实现上述目的，本发明的技术方案为：
一种治疗慢性鼻炎的中草药组合物，由以下重量份的中药原料制成：藿香1~6份、白芷1~6份、石菖蒲1~6份、佩兰1~6份、鱼腥草1~6份、五指风1~6份。
优选的，由以下重量份的中药原料制成：藿香5~6份、白芷1~2份、石菖蒲1~3份、佩兰3~4份、鱼腥草3~5份、五指风3~5份。
更优选的，由以下重量份的中药原料制成：藿香5.5份、白芷1.5份、石菖蒲2份、佩兰3.5份、鱼腥草4份、五指风4.5份。
本发明还进一步提供了以上所述的治疗慢性鼻炎的中草药组合物制备成药学上可接受的剂型。
以上所述的治疗慢性鼻炎的中草药组合物的优选制备方法，包括以下步骤：
（1）按重量份称取藿香、白芷、石菖蒲、佩兰、鱼腥草和五指风，并分别粉碎；
（2）将粉碎后的藿香、白芷、石菖蒲、佩兰、鱼腥草和五指风混合，加入薄荷油调制成膏状，得混合药膏；
（3）将混合药膏放入能透气的袋子，并装入口罩中，制得治疗慢性鼻炎的中草药制剂。
以上所述的治疗慢性鼻炎的中草药组合物及其制备方法，包含6种中药原料，其中：
藿香：辛，微温；归脾、胃、肺经。芳香化浊，和中止呕，发表解暑。用于湿浊中阻，脘痞呕吐，暑湿表证，湿温初起，发热倦怠，胸闷不舒，寒湿闭暑，腹痛吐泻，鼻渊头痛。
白芷：辛，温；入肺、脾、胃经。祛风，燥湿，消肿，止痛。治头痛，眉棱骨痛，齿痛，鼻渊，寒湿腹痛，肠风痔漏，赤白带下，痈疽疮疡，皮肤燥痒，疥癣。李杲提出：白芷，疗风通用，其气芳香，能通九窍，表汗不可缺也。
石菖蒲：化湿开胃，开窍豁痰，醒神益智。用于脘痞不饥，噤口下痢，神昏癫痫，健忘耳聋。理气，活血，散风，去湿。治癫痫，痰厥，热病神昏，健忘，气闭耳聋，心胸烦闷，胃痛，腹痛，风寒湿痹，痈疽肿毒，跌打损伤。
佩兰：微辛，平；入脾、胃、肺经。感受暑湿，寒热头痛，湿润内蕴，脘痞不饥，恶心呕吐，口中甜腻，消洵。用于湿浊中阻，脘痞呕恶，口中甜腻，口臭，多涎，暑湿表症，头胀胸闷。
鱼腥草：味辛，性寒凉，归肺经。清热解毒，利尿消肿。治肺炎，肺脓疡，热痢，疟疾，水肿，淋病，白带，痈肿，痔疮，脱肛，湿疹，秃疮，疥癣。
五指风：味苦微辛，气香，性平，可清热解毒、化湿浊、祛风邪、消肿止痛、通鼻窍之功效。本发明所采用的五指风，是指黄荆的叶子部位。《得配本草》："入手少阴经。"功用主治解表，祛风湿，理气止痛，截疟，驱虫。治感冒，咳喘，风湿，胃痛，痧气腹痛，疟疾，蛲虫病。《草木便方》："治心头风，牙疳。"《分类草药性》："治刀伤，止痛，并治痧症，盗汗。"《贵州民间方药集》："镇咳，解热，驱风。治惊痫，除风湿。"《民间常用草药汇编》："治头风，肢体诸风，顺气。"《南宁市药物志》："温经散瘀，解肌发汗。
藿香和白芷清利头目、宣通鼻窍，其含有的挥发油、甘露醇等，可消除鼻腔水肿；石菖蒲、佩兰化湿开胃；鱼腥草清热解毒、利尿消肿；五指风清热解毒、化湿浊、祛风邪、通鼻窍。上述诸药合用，共奏芳香通窍、利湿消肿之效，达到治疗慢性鼻炎的目的。
本发明进一步将上述药物粉碎，用薄荷油调成膏状，包裹于口罩中，既能有效减少外界粉尘及有害气体进入呼吸道，同时通过中药成分作用于鼻通、素髎穴等鼻部有效穴位，又可经鼻粘膜吸收，直接改善鼻部症状，疗效迅速，且与目前临床常用的激素类鼻喷雾剂相比，没有因为长期使用激素的毒副作用，另外与目前个别发明的鼻炎中药粉剂型口罩相比，不会带入粉状型物质对鼻粘膜产生刺激，加重鼻炎，增加患者的痛苦。
综上所述，本发明的中药组合物在治疗时，通过佩戴药物口罩药力直达病灶，效力集中，疗效可靠，能够显著地改善慢性鼻炎患者的临床症状和体征，疗效迅速，无痛苦性，无明显毒副作用及不良反应的发生。且本发明还具有操作简单、易于携带、使用方便、用药方便、制作简单、成本低而环保的优势，宜于在临床推广应用。
具体实施方式
以下将结合具体实施例对本发明作进一步说明，但本发明的保护范围不限于以下实施例。
实施例1
一种治疗慢性鼻炎的中草药组合物，由以下重量份的中药原料制成：藿香1份、白芷1份、石菖蒲1份、佩兰1份、鱼腥草1份、五指风1份。
实施例2
一种治疗慢性鼻炎的中草药组合物，由以下重量份的中药原料制成：藿香5份、白芷1份、石菖蒲1份、佩兰3份、鱼腥草3份、五指风3份。
实施例3
一种治疗慢性鼻炎的中草药组合物，由以下重量份的中药原料制成：藿香5.5份、白芷1.5份、石菖蒲2份、佩兰3.5份、鱼腥草4份、五指风4.5份。
实施例4
一种治疗慢性鼻炎的中草药组合物，由以下重量份的中药原料制成：藿香6份、白芷6份、石菖蒲1份、佩兰6份、鱼腥草1份、五指风1份。
实施例5
一种治疗慢性鼻炎的中草药组合物，由以下重量份的中药原料制成：藿香6份、白芷2份、石菖蒲3份、佩兰4份、鱼腥草5份、五指风5份。
临床应用实施例
（一）制备方法
将实施例1~5的中草药组合物，按照以下步骤进行制备：
（1）按重量份称取藿香、白芷、石菖蒲、佩兰、鱼腥草和五指风，并分别粉碎，过100目筛。
（2）将各原料组分混合均匀后，取18g作一份，加入薄荷油调制成膏状，得混合药膏。
（3）将混合药膏放入一次性茶叶袋中，再将茶叶袋放入缝预先缝好纱布袋的一次性口罩内。
（二）临床实验一般资料
治疗组：将实施例1~5中的药物制备成口罩，分别用于50例患者。治疗组：每组50例患者患者带上口罩，使药袋恰好对住鼻孔及鼻通、素髎穴，口罩每日更换一个，10天一个疗程，佩戴一个疗程；对照组：50例患者使用丙酸氟替卡松鼻喷雾剂喷鼻，每天一次，10天一个疗程，治疗一个疗程。其中各治疗组以及对照组中的患者的性别、年龄、病程，经统计学处理无显著性差异，具有可比性。
参照《中医耳鼻咽喉新世纪教材》和国家中医药管理局编制的《中医病证诊断疗效标准》有关本病的诊断标准拟订如下：（1）主要症状：鼻塞（长期持续性鼻塞，或间歇、交替性鼻塞）、鼻涕多；伴随症状：可伴有头昏感、耳鸣、耳闷、记忆下降、失眠等症；（2）病程时间长，劳累过度、感受风寒之邪后症状明显。易并发耳胀、耳闭。（3）专科检查：鼻腔黏膜色红充血，或可呈暗红色，下鼻甲肿胀明显。
（三）症状分级及评分标准
慢性鼻炎体征计分：鼻甲轮廓光滑、潮湿，鼻中隔、中鼻甲可见，0分。鼻甲略有肿大，轮廓光滑，潮湿，尚可见中鼻甲与鼻中隔，鼻黏膜呈慢性充血状态，且干燥外观，1分。鼻黏膜色暗红，肿胀，光滑，潮湿；下鼻甲黏膜柔滑有弹性，轻轻按压即凹陷，移开后可马上复原；鼻甲于1% 麻黄素收缩黏膜作用下可迅速缩小；脓性或黏液性分泌物可见于总鼻道或下鼻道，2分。鼻黏膜色红，呈淡红或紫红，下鼻甲前端及其游离缘肿胀，表面凹凸不平，可呈桑椹样或结节样，下鼻甲或中、下鼻甲均肿大以致鼻腔堵塞不通；脓性或黏液性分泌物可见于下鼻道；轻轻按压鼻甲凹陷不明显，触之觉质硬。麻黄素作用下黏膜收缩不明显，3分。
（四）疗效评价标准
依据中医耳鼻咽喉新世纪教材《中医耳鼻咽喉科学》和国家中医药管理局编制的《中医病证诊断疗效标准》，根据局部症状、体征积分变化评定治疗慢性鼻炎的疗效：（1）痊愈：治疗后症状及体征恢复正常，无鼻塞，无流涕，专科检查见鼻黏膜色淡红，无充血肿胀，鼻道无异常分泌物；（2）有效：治疗后症状及体征好转，鼻塞缓解，鼻涕减少，专科检查见鼻黏膜充血肿胀缓解，鼻道内可见少许分泌物；（3）无效：治疗后症状及体征无减轻或有加重，鼻塞、流涕无缓解，甚至出现病情加重。
疗效指数( n )＝[(治疗前症状、体征积分和-治疗后症状、体征积分和)÷治疗前症状、体征积分和]×100％
显效：疗效指数≥ 66％。
有效：疗效指数≥ 26％，且＜66％。
无效：疗效指数＜26％。
(注：显效与有效之和为总有效率)
由上述临床疗效观察结果表明，本发明中药组合物运用祖国医学的中药熏药治疗方法治疗鼻炎，通过中草药芳香化浊、利湿通窍的作用达到治疗慢性鼻炎的目的，对于慢性鼻炎患者具有显著的疗效，且见效快，安全性好，安全性观察发现，没有观察到任何临床不良反应，表明本发明中草药组合物临床应用安全、无毒副作用。使用丙酸氟替卡松鼻喷雾剂喷鼻是目前临床上常用的治疗慢性鼻炎的外治方法，也是国际公认的一种治疗慢性鼻炎有效方法，由临床疗效观察结果观察也具有较好的疗效，但丙酸氟替卡松是激素类药物，虽见效较快，但若长期使用可能对人体有一定的副作用。
Claims (3)
1.一种治疗慢性鼻炎的中草药组合物，其特征在于，由以下重量份的中药原料制成：藿香1~6份、白芷1~6份、石菖蒲1~6份、佩兰1~6份、鱼腥草1~6份、五指风1~6份；
治疗慢性鼻炎的中草药组合物的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
（1）按重量份称取藿香、白芷、石菖蒲、佩兰、鱼腥草和五指风，并分别粉碎；
（2）将粉碎后的藿香、白芷、石菖蒲、佩兰、鱼腥草和五指风混合，加入薄荷油调制成膏状，得混合药膏；
（3）将混合药膏放入能透气的袋子，并装入口罩中，制得治疗慢性鼻炎的中草药制剂。
2.根据权利要求1所述的治疗慢性鼻炎的中草药组合物，其特征在于，由以下重量份的中药原料制成：藿香5~6份、白芷1~2份、石菖蒲1~3份、佩兰3~4份、鱼腥草3~5份、五指风3~5份。
3.根据权利要求1所述的治疗慢性鼻炎的中草药组合物，其特征在于，由以下重量份的中药原料制成：藿香5.5份、白芷1.5份、石菖蒲2份、佩兰3.5份、鱼腥草4份、五指风4.5份。
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