CN115300544B - 一种疏风解表、消肿通窍的中药组合物、贴剂及制备方法 - Google Patents
一种疏风解表、消肿通窍的中药组合物、贴剂及制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明属于中医药技术领域,尤其涉及一种疏风解表、消肿通窍的中药组合物,所述的中药组合物包括如下中药材:辛夷花、苍耳子、白芷、金银花、细辛、野菊花、黄芩、丁香、苦参、冰片、白矾和薄荷脑。本发明的所述中药组合物适于预防和/或治疗小儿打喷嚏、流涕、鼻塞和鼻痒。本发明的中药组合物用药少、疗效显著、无毒副作用。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于中医药技术领域,尤其涉及一种疏风解表、消肿通窍的中药组合物、贴剂及制备方法。
背景技术
小儿鼻病常见病症为打喷嚏、流鼻涕、鼻塞和鼻痒的,中医对小儿鼻病的病因论述较多,如金代《刘河间医学六书》中说:“鼽者,鼻出清涕也。”对鼻鼽的病因,明代《证治要诀》说:“清涕者,脑冷肺寒所致。鼻鼽:以突然和反复发作的鼻痒、喷嚏、流清涕、鼻塞等为特征的一种常见、多发性鼻病,相当于西医的过敏性鼻炎。多由肺气虚,卫表不固,风寒乘虚侵入而引起。
针对小儿鼻病可采用西医或中医进行治疗,西医治疗可采用以下几种治疗方案为:1、抗组胺药物:推荐口服或鼻用第二代或新型H1抗组胺药,可有效缓解鼻痒、喷嚏和流涕等症状,是轻度问歇性和轻度持续性变应性鼻炎的首选治疗药物。疗程一般不少于2周。2、鼻用糖皮质激素:是治疗中一重度持续性变应性鼻炎的首选药物,也可应用于轻度患者,对改善鼻塞、流涕、喷嚏及鼻痒等症状均有作用,疗程至少4周。3、抗白三烯药物:是中一重度变应性鼻炎治疗的重要药物,特别适用于伴有下呼吸道症状的患儿(如同时合并气道高反应性、支气管哮喘等),常与鼻喷或吸入糖皮质激素联合使用。4、色酮类药物:对缓解鼻部症状有一定效果,但起效较慢。也可用于对花粉过敏者的花粉播散季节前预防用药。滴眼液对缓解眼部症状有效。5、减充血剂:鼻塞严重时可适当应用低浓度的鼻用减充血剂,连续应用不超过7d。推荐使用羟甲唑啉类、赛洛唑啉类儿童制剂,禁用含有萘甲唑啉的制剂。6、鼻腔盐水冲洗:是改善症状、清洁鼻腔、恢复鼻黏膜功能的辅助治疗方法,推荐使用生理盐水或1%~2%高渗盐水。中医治疗方案中以寒邪为主,表现为清涕时可以采用辛温解表的方药如:通窍鼻炎颗粒。入里化热后以浊涕为主时可以采用宣通鼻窍兼淸里热的方药如:鼻渊舒口服液、鼻渊通窍颗粒。
专利文献CN201710429496.8公开了一种治疗鼻窦炎的药膏,该配方包括:辛夷花、川贝母、荆芥穗、马钱子、独活、黄芩、藁本、薄荷、梗通草、伏龙肝、党参、肉桂、白芷、穿心莲、生地、川芎、蝉蜕、细辛、干姜、白芍、吴茱萸、甘草、连翘、苍耳子、赤芍、败酱草、丝瓜藤、狭叶当归、葱白、姜和黄酒,对于慢性鼻窦炎具有良好的缓解与治疗效果。
但现有的针对打喷嚏、流鼻涕、鼻塞和鼻痒的治疗方案疗效缓慢,不能快速缓解幼儿鼻部不适症状,并且幼儿用药困难,更增加了治疗难度。
因此,有必要研发一种疗效显著,无副作用,且方便幼儿给药的中药组合物。
有鉴如此,特提出本发明。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题在于提供一种疏风解表、消肿通窍的中药组合物,该中药组合物用药少,疗效显著,无副作用。
为了实现本发明的目的,本发明提供一种疏风解表、消肿通窍的中药组合物,所述的中药组合物包括如下中药材:辛夷花、苍耳子、白芷、金银花、细辛、野菊花、黄芩、丁香、苦参、冰片、白矾和薄荷脑。
进一步可选地,所述的中药组合物包括如下重量份的中药材:
辛夷花5-10份、苍耳子1-5份、白芷5-10份、金银花5-10份、细辛0-3份、野菊花1-5份、黄芩1-5份、丁香0-3份、苦参1-5份、冰片0-1份、白矾0-1份和薄荷脑0-0.5份。
进一步可选地,所述的中药组合物由如下重量份的中药材组成:
辛夷花5-8份、苍耳子2-3份、白芷5-8份、金银花5-8份、细辛1-2份、野菊花2-3份、黄芩2-3份、丁香1-2份、苦参2-3份、冰片0.5-1份、白矾0.5-1份和薄荷脑0.3-0.5份。
进一步可选地,所述的中药组合物由如下重量份的中药材组成:
辛夷花6份、苍耳子3份、白芷6份、金银花6份、细辛1份、野菊花3份、黄芩3份、丁香1份、苦参3份、冰片0.5份、白矾0.5份和薄荷脑0.3份。
进一步可选地,所述的中药组合物为水剂。
本发明还提出了一种疏风解表、消肿通窍的中药组合物的制备方法,该制备方法包括:
步骤1,按重量份分别称取辛夷花、苍耳子、白芷、金银花、细辛、野菊花、黄芩、丁香、苦参、冰片、白矾和薄荷脑各种药材;
步骤2,将辛夷花、苍耳子、白芷、金银花、细辛、野菊花、黄芩、丁香和苦参混合放置在容器内;将溶剂加热至设定温度后倒入盛放有中药材混合物的容器内,将中药材混合物完全浸泡,自然冷却后提取上清液;
步骤3,将所述上清液进行蒸馏萃取得萃取液;
步骤4,将冰片、白矾和薄荷脑与所述萃取液混合即得所述中药组合物。
进一步可选地,步骤2中的溶剂为水,设定温度为100℃。
进一步可选地,步骤3中的萃取温度为100℃。
本发明还提出了一种鼻喷剂,包括上述任一所述的中药组合物。
本发明还提出了上述任意一项所述的中药组合物或上述的鼻喷剂在制备药物中的应用,所述的药物用于预防和/或治疗小儿病症,所述的病症选自打喷嚏、流鼻涕、鼻塞、鼻痒。
本发明所用药材的功效如下:
辛夷花:性温味辛、归肺、胃经。因它辛散温通、芳香走窜、上行头面、善通鼻窍、因治鼻渊头痛要药。
苍耳子:味辛、苦,性温,有毒。归肺经。具有发散风寒,通鼻窍,祛风湿,止痛的功能。
白芷:主入阳明,芳香通窍,善祛风止痛。偏治齿龈连面颊部的肿痛、牙痛。
金银花:性寒,味甘,入肺、心、胃经,具有清热解毒、抗炎、补虚疗风的功效,主治胀满下疾、温病发热,热毒痈疡和肿瘤等症。
细辛:性辛、温。主治咳逆上气,头痛脑动,百节拘挛,风湿痹痛死肌。明目利九窍。
野菊花:味苦、辛、凉,清热解毒,消肿散结、疏风散热,散瘀,明目。
黄芩:味苦、性平。主治:诸热黄胆,肠泄痢,逐水,恶疮疽蚀火疡,清热燥湿、止血安胎。
丁香:性辛,味温。入肺、脾、胃、肾四经。功效:温中、暖肾、降逆。主治:治呃逆、呕吐、反胃、痢疾、心腹冷痛、痃癖、疝气、癣症。
苦参:味苦、性寒,功效:利九窍、疗恶疮,杀虫止痒治热毒风。
冰片:味辛苦、性微寒。功效:通诸窍,散郁火,去翳明目,消肿止痛。
白矾:外用功效:解毒杀虫,燥湿止痒。
薄荷脑:滴鼻用于伤风鼻塞,吸入或喷雾用于咽喉炎。
本发明的发明人在多年中医临床经验的基础上,对小儿鼻病进行了深入研究,认为其病因病机为:肺气虚弱,卫表不固,风寒乘虚而入,犯及鼻窍,邪正相搏,肺气不得通调,津液停聚,鼻窍壅塞,遂致喷嚏流清涕,此外脾虚则脾气不能输布于肺,肺气也虚,而肺气之根在肾,肾虚则摄纳无权,气不归元,风邪得以内侵。故鼻鼽的病变在肺,但其病理变化与脾肾有一定关系。针对上述病因病机,治疗原则当为:在急性期:以祛风散寒,益气固表的治疗原则为主;在缓解期以补益脾肾的治疗原则为主。本发明将包括辛夷花、苍耳子、白芷、金银花、细辛、野菊花、黄芩、丁香、苦参、冰片、白矾和薄荷脑这几种中药材制成水剂或进一步由水剂制成鼻喷剂用来治疗小儿鼻病,其组方思路为:辛夷、苍耳子、白芷、细辛共奏疏风解表通窍作用,迅速解决流涕通窍。金银花、野菊花、黄芩重点清热消肿,解决鼻腔粘膜肿大堵塞通气的症状,并防止入里化热引发黄涕症状。苦参、枯矾功在止痒。冰片、薄荷脑加强走窜之力,通九窍引药直达病所。以上组方旨在宣通鼻窍、消肿散结,疏风止痒、防止传变,全方面解决鼻炎问题。
在治疗小儿鼻病时一般将本发明的中药组合物制成鼻喷剂后将药剂喷入鼻孔中的方式来进行治疗,具体为:每个鼻孔喷2喷,一天3-4次。连续用药1周,2周为1疗程。
与现有技术相比本发明的有益效果为:
本发明的中药组合物和鼻喷剂对小儿鼻病具有很好的疗效,其配方合理,无毒副作用,疗效安全可靠,降低了药物对小儿的不良反应。
具体实施方式
以下通过具体实施方式的描述对本发明作进一步说明,但这并非是对本发明的限制,本领域技术人员根据本发明的基本思想,可以做出各种修改或改进,但是只要不脱离本发明的基本思想,均在本发明的范围之内。
实施例1
步骤1,按重量份分别称取辛夷花6份、苍耳子3份、白芷6份、金银花6份、细辛1份、野菊花3份、黄芩3份、丁香1份、苦参3份、冰片0.5份、白矾0.5份和薄荷脑0.3份;
步骤,2,将丁香和苦参混合放置在容器内;将水加热至100℃后倒入盛放有中药材混合物的容器内,将中药材混合物完全浸泡,自然冷却后提取上清液;
步骤3,将上清液在加热至100℃下进行蒸馏萃取得萃取液;
步骤4,将冰片、白矾和薄荷脑与所述萃取液混合即得中药组合物。
实施例2-8为根据实施例1的制法,按表一所示的药物组份制得中药组合物。
表一:实施例2-8中各中药组份及工艺条件
实施例9
本实施例为将实施例1的中药组合物灌入鼻喷剂瓶中,制成鼻喷剂。
试验例
本试验例为将实施例9制得的鼻喷剂在治疗小儿鼻病临床上的研究。病例选择:在北京惠民中医儿童医院中随机选取80个小儿鼻病的患儿,主要表现症状相同,严重程度相近,患儿平均年龄为5岁3个月,男女比例为1:1;
诊断依据为:1出现打喷嚏、流鼻涕、鼻塞、鼻痒等症状
2、鼻腔粘膜充血红肿或苍白,可见清浊涕。
3、遇到过敏性物质以上症状会明显加重
4、血常规检查总IGE增高或嗜酸性细胞百分比增高。
治疗方法为:将实施例9制得的鼻喷剂喷入鼻孔中,每个鼻孔喷2喷,一天3-4次。连续用药1周,2周为1疗程。
观察指标:根据儿童合作和理解的程度,采用视觉模拟量表对治疗前后的总体症状和鼻部分类症状分别进行临床疗效评定,评判标准:每个症状从0-10分得分越高改善越明显;每种症状的分值分配情况如表二所示。
表二:症状分值分配情况
临床实验结果:这对各种症状诊疗后的情况分为无效、有效、显效和痊愈,其中总积分0分为无效,1-15分为有效,16-18分为显效,19-30分为痊愈。用药后的临床试验结果见表三。
表三:用药后临床试验结果
| 用药前例数 | 治愈例数 | 显效例数 | 有效例数 | 无效例数 |
| 80 | 49 | 20 | 5 | 6 |
经过连续一周的治疗,绝大部分患儿的鼻痒、喷嚏、鼻塞和流涕的症状在一定程度上均得到了有效改善,并且治疗过程中未发现明显的不良反应。
以下为病例分析情况:
患儿女,3岁,2天前因在幼儿园参加户外活动,运动后出汗较多,老师未及时增减衣服。幼儿园放学家长接时发现孩子鼻流清涕,余无明显不适。上床睡觉时偶感鼻塞不通,睡着后2小时被憋醒哭闹不止,第二天求医我院。刻下孩子表现为鼻塞流清涕,无发热及咳嗽,食欲可,大便调,睡眠欠安。查体可见鼻腔粘膜发红可见多量浊涕,舌淡红苔薄白脉浮。辩证为风寒束表,治则以疏风解表、宣通鼻窍为基本思路。本欲汤药治疗,家长恐患儿无法进食中药,要求外治疗法解决。遂开本发明鼻喷剂1支,嘱咐家长因外感初起,症状轻微每日喷3次,每鼻孔2喷即可,三天基本解决问题。2日后回访家长,言当日睡前半小时喷药后即觉鼻通流涕减轻,当晚睡觉未在憋醒,今日又喷一次鼻涕基本止,呼吸也较为顺畅,亦未引起咳嗽症状,甚是满意。
最后应说明的是:以上所述仅为本发明的优选实施例而已,并不用于限制本发明,尽管参照前述实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明,对于本领域的技术人员来说,其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改,或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (7)
1.一种用于预防和/或治疗小儿鼻鼽的疏风解表、消肿通窍的中药组合物,其特征在于,所述中药组合物为鼻喷剂,所述的中药组合物由如下重量份的中药材组成:
辛夷花5-8份、苍耳子2-3份、白芷5-8份、金银花5-8份、细辛1-2份、野菊花2-3份、黄芩2-3份、丁香1-2份、苦参2-3份、冰片0.5-1份、白矾0.5-1份和薄荷脑0.3-0.5份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的中药组合物,其特征在于,所述的中药组合物由如下重量份的中药材组成:
辛夷花6份、苍耳子3份、白芷6份、金银花6份、细辛1份、野菊花3份、黄芩3份、丁香1份、苦参3份、冰片0.5份、白矾0.5份和薄荷脑0.3份。
3.一种权利要求1或2所述的中药组合物的制备方法,其特征在于,所述制备方法包括:
步骤1,按重量份分别称取辛夷花、苍耳子、白芷、金银花、细辛、野菊花、黄芩、丁香、苦参、冰片、白矾和薄荷脑各种药材;
步骤2,将辛夷花、苍耳子、白芷、金银花、细辛、野菊花、黄芩、丁香和苦参混合放置在容器内;将水加热至设定温度后倒入盛放有中药材混合物的容器内,将中药材混合物完全浸泡,自然冷却后提取上清液;
步骤3,将所述上清液进行蒸馏萃取得萃取液;
步骤4,将冰片、白矾和薄荷脑与所述萃取液混合即得所述中药组合物。
4.根据权利要求3所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述设定温度为100℃。
5.根据权利要求3所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤3中的萃取温度为100℃。
6.一种鼻喷剂,其特征在于,所述鼻喷剂由权利要求1或2所述的中药组合物制成。
7.权利要求1或2任意一项所述的中药组合物或权利要求6所述的鼻喷剂在制备药物中的应用,其特征在于,用于预防和/或治疗小儿鼻鼽,病症选自打喷嚏、流鼻涕、鼻塞、鼻痒。
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