CN108185440A - 茶氨酸在制备缓解视疲劳的食品、保健品或药品中的用途 - Google Patents
茶氨酸在制备缓解视疲劳的食品、保健品或药品中的用途 Download PDFInfo
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- CN108185440A CN108185440A CN201810146476.4A CN201810146476A CN108185440A CN 108185440 A CN108185440 A CN 108185440A CN 201810146476 A CN201810146476 A CN 201810146476A CN 108185440 A CN108185440 A CN 108185440A
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Abstract
本发明涉及茶氨酸在制备缓解视疲劳的食品、保健品或药品中的用途,属于医药健康领域。本发明的技术方案之一是提供了茶氨酸在制备缓解视疲劳的食品、保健品或药品中的用途,另外,本发明还提供了缓解视疲劳的组合物,该组合物的活性成分包括茶氨酸和花青素。人群试用结果表明,本发明组合物不仅针对视疲劳眼睛局部症状,更能够明显改善不同程度视疲劳引起的精神神经症状,如注意力不集中、记忆力下降等,缓解视疲劳效果显著,具有广阔的市场前景。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及茶氨酸在制备缓解视疲劳的食品、保健品或药品中的用途,属于医药健康领域。
背景技术
视疲劳又称眼疲劳,是以患者眼的自觉症状为基础,眼或全身器质性因素与精神(心理)因素相互交织的综合征,并非独立的眼病,因而常常被称为眼疲劳综合征(参见:1、李凤鸣.中华眼科学[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,2006,7~8;2、渠鸿颖等.视疲劳病因及其治疗的研究进展[J].中国中医眼科杂志,2003,14(1):59~61)。轻度视疲劳会在用眼后出现眼部酸、胀等眼部症状,休息后很快恢复;中度视疲劳会有明显的眼部症状,影响学习和工作;重度视疲劳除有明显的眼部症状和视作业不能持久外,还有记忆力减退、失眠等全身不适症状,干扰患者的视觉和生活质量,严重影响学习、工作和生活(参见:马越.花青素饮料缓解视疲劳作用的人体试验观察.中国食品学报[J].2015,8(15):8)。
大量的临床实践证明,屈光不正是视疲劳的主要原因之一,如远视、散光、近视患者,在未予矫正屈光不正时,看远或看近时动用较大的调节使睫状肌持续紧张造成患者的调节性视疲劳。另外,长时间近距离工作、工作或阅读环境照明不足等因素都可以导致人眼调节紧张,产生视疲劳。患者的精神状态和全身情况也与视疲劳的发生密切相关,精神压力大、体质衰弱的患者易产生视疲劳。
随着手机、平板电脑广泛进入人们的生活,人群全体用眼时间不断延长,近距离用眼强度增大,各年龄阶层视疲劳的发生率急速增多。能够改善视疲劳,并缓解由视疲劳带来的注意力、记忆力下降等问题的产品越来越受到消费者青睐。
目前,市面上改善视疲劳的产品通常仅针对蓝光损伤本身,对眼睛局部症状的改善效果不明显,而且并不能解决不同程度视疲劳引起的其他症状,如注意力不集中,记忆力下降等。因此,提供一种对视疲劳眼睛局部症状及精神神经症状缓解效果明显的产品,成为了一个亟待解决的问题。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供茶氨酸在制备缓解视疲劳的食品、保健品或药品中的用途。本发明的另一目的在于提供缓解视疲劳的组合物。
本发明提供了茶氨酸在制备缓解视疲劳的食品、保健品或药品中的用途。
本发明提供了缓解视疲劳的组合物,是活性成分包括茶氨酸和花青素的食品、保健品或药品。
进一步地,所述活性成分的重量配比为:茶氨酸20~1000份、花青素10~1000份。
优选地,所述活性成分的重量配比为:花青素50~200份、茶氨酸100~400份。
进一步地,所述活性成分的重量配比为:茶氨酸:花青素=1~4:1。
进一步地,所述花青素来源于蓝莓、葡萄籽、黑加仑、松树皮、紫甘薯、葡萄、血橙、红球甘蓝、茄子皮、樱桃、红橙、红莓、草莓、桑葚、山楂皮、紫苏、黑米、红豆、牵牛花中一种或两种以上。其中,所述黑米即红米。
进一步地,活性成分还包括低聚果糖、叶黄素、叶黄素酯、虾青素、葡萄糖酸锌、(3R,3'R)-二羟基-β-胡萝卜素中一种或两种以上的混合物。
进一步地,活性成分还包括低聚果糖10~1000份。
优选地,活性成分还包括低聚果糖150~300份。
进一步地,所述活性成分的重量配比为:茶氨酸:花青素:低聚果糖=(1~4):1:(1.5~3)。
进一步地,所述低聚果糖来源于菊芋、菊苣、蔗糖、芦笋、大蒜、洋葱、韭菜、牛蒡、蜂蜜、香蕉中一种或两种以上。
进一步地,活性成分还包括叶黄素和/或叶黄素酯6~12份。
进一步地,活性成分还包括(3R,3'R)-二羟基-β-胡萝卜素2~4份。
进一步地,活性成分还包括虾青素4~12份。
进一步地,活性成分还包括葡萄糖酸锌100~600份。
进一步地,所述的组合物是各重量配比的活性成分,加入可接受的辅料或者辅助性成分制备而成的食品、保健品或药品。
进一步地,所述食品、保健品或药品为口服形式。
进一步地,所述食品、保健品是糖果、果冻、饮料或膳食补充剂。
进一步地,所述糖果为硬糖、奶糖、夹心糖、酥糖、太妃糖、充气糖、凝胶糖、胶基糖、压片糖、流质糖、膜片糖、花式糖或巧克力糖。
所述巧克力糖包括巧克力及巧克力制品、代可可脂巧克力和代可可脂巧克力制品等。
所述果冻的类型包括果汁型、果肉型、果味型、乳汁型等。
本发明提供了所述组合物的制备方法,包括如下步骤:取各重量配比的活性成分,加入食品、保健品或药品中可接受的辅料或者辅助性成分,即得。
进一步地,所述的制备方法包括如下步骤:取各重量配比的活性成分,加入糖浆,搅拌均匀,注模,冷却成型,即得糖果。
本发明提供了所述组合物在制备缓解视疲劳的食品、保健品或药品中的用途。
进一步地,所述食品、保健品或药品具有缓解视疲劳所致眼睛局部症状和/或精神神经症状的功效。
进一步地,所述眼睛局部症状为眼酸痛、眼胀、畏光、视物模糊、眼干涩、异物感或流泪。
进一步地,所述精神神经症状为注意力下降、记忆力减退、焦虑或失眠。
本发明所述茶氨酸(L-Theanine)即N-乙基-L-谷氨酰胺。茶氨酸是一种主要在茶科植物中存在的独特的氨基酸。自然界存在的茶氨酸为L型,极易溶于水。茶氨酸可以抑制谷氨酸的毒性,保护神经元;具有促进脑波中α波产生的功能,从而引起轻松、愉快的感觉,缓解抑郁和焦虑情绪;降血压;促进注意力集中,增进反应速度和准确性。
花青素(anthocyanidin)是一类水溶性生物黄酮,在自然界中多以花色苷的形式存在,大多数花青素具有如下基本结构:
其中,R1和R2是H、OH或者-OCH3,R3是糖基或H,R4是糖基或OH。
花青素具有较强的抗氧化作用。长期食用可协助清除视网膜内有毒化学物质、自由基等,增加视网膜紫红素生成,提高夜视能力,帮助眼睛适应强弱光的变化,是维护眼睛健康、预防视力受损的重要元素。花青素的主要功效为:保护视力,预防失明、青光眼、白内障、视网膜出血、改善近视、黄斑退化、糖尿病性网膜症、色素性视网膜炎及夜盲症等。增强毛细血管、降低损伤,促进伤口愈合、提高视觉、预防糖尿病,视网膜模糊、白内障、预防静脉扩张、眼底出血经常使用电脑的人,爱玩游戏机的儿童,功课繁忙的学生,长时间驾车者,以及专注细微工作的人,都需要补充花青素解决眼睛疲劳问题,而越橘、蓝莓、红葡萄等水果是最好的花青素来源。
低聚果糖为1~4个果糖基以β-2,1键连接在蔗糖的D-果糖基上而形成的蔗果三糖(GF2)、蔗果四糖(GF3)、蔗果五糖(GF4)和蔗果六糖(GF5)的混合物。商品低聚果糖一般还含有少量蔗糖、果糖、葡萄糖。
虾青素(Astaxanthin)全称为3,3'-二羟基-4,4'-β,β'-胡萝卜素,属于酮式类胡萝卜素,有极强的抗氧化能力,因而具有抗氧化、防止心血管疾病、提高免疫力、抗癌等多种生物学活性。人类视网膜和中枢神经系统(脑)富含不饱和脂肪酸,因此,氧化产生的自由基很容易使其发生过氧化损伤。有研究表明,天然虾青素很容易通过血脑屏障和细胞膜,能有效地防止视网膜的氧化和感光细胞的损伤,以及对中枢神经系统尤其是对大脑起到保护作用。
叶黄素是一种含氧的类胡萝卜素,广泛存在于蔬菜、花卉、水果与某些藻类生物中的天然色素,其结构如下所示:
叶黄素和玉米黄质((3R,3'R)-二羟基-β-胡萝卜素)属于含氧类胡萝卜素,二者在结构上互为同分异构体,人体不能直接合成。叶黄素和玉米黄质广泛分布在人体组织中,其中视网膜黄斑中密度最高,它们是阻止光暴露引起视网膜损伤的最有效成分。越来越多流行病学和临床试验表明,膳食或血清中较高含量的叶黄素和玉米黄质可降低眼部疾病患病风险。
叶黄素在植物组织中与脂肪酸结合生成叶黄素酯并以此形式存在。叶黄素酯在人体内代谢可转化为叶黄素。叶黄素保护视力的机理主要有光屏障作用和抗氧化作用两点。叶黄素可吸收大量蓝光,蓝光是能达到视网膜的可见光中潜在危害性最大的一种光。在光到达视网膜上敏感的细胞前,先经过叶黄素的最高密集区,若黄斑处的叶黄素含量丰富就能将这种伤害减至最小。另外,叶黄素是一种较强的抗氧化剂,具有清除自由基和游离基的作用,可抑制多种原因导致的视网膜、晶状体、黄斑等组织的氧化损伤,以维护正常视力。
本发明提供了茶氨酸在制备缓解视疲劳的食品、保健品或药品中的用途以及缓解视疲劳的组合物。人群试用结果表明,本发明组合物不仅针对视疲劳眼睛局部症状,更能够明显改善不同程度视疲劳引起的精神神经症状,如注意力不集中、记忆力下降等,缓解视疲劳效果显著,具有广阔的市场前景。
具体实施方式
本发明具体实施方式中使用的原料、设备均为已知产品,通过购买市售产品获得。
本发明将茶氨酸作为活性成分添加到缓解视疲劳的产品中,不仅能够有效改善由视疲劳带来的严重影响工作与生活的全身不适症状,包括可以减轻或缓解注意力及记忆力下降问题,试用者普遍反映使用后情绪焦虑缓解明显,由眼疲劳引发的睡眠问题也明显缓解,而且,人群试用试验表明,加入茶氨酸的产品改善视疲劳眼睛局部症状的效果更加明显,比如,眼酸痛、眼胀、畏光、视物模糊、眼干涩、异物感、流泪等症状都能够得到一定程度的改善,对视疲劳的治疗效果显著。
实施例1 本发明糖果产品的制备
原料按重量份数计:叶黄素酯12份、(3R,3'R)-二羟基-β-胡萝卜素4份、花青素(来源于蓝莓)200份、茶氨酸400份、低聚果糖(菊芋来源)300份。
制备方法:
1、花青素的制备:蓝莓鲜果粉碎匀浆后用乙醇浸提、过滤、离心、乙醇回收、树脂吸附、乙醇洗脱、石油醚萃取、干燥得到蓝莓提取物。根据蓝莓提取物中花青素的实际含量计算蓝莓提取物的添加量,保证加入花青素200份。
2、按重量配比将花青素、(3R,3'R)-二羟基-β-胡萝卜素、茶氨酸、叶黄素酯、低聚果糖混合均匀后加入糖浆搅拌均匀。
3、注模冷却成型后可按需制成硬糖、奶糖、夹心糖、酥糖、太妃糖、充气糖、凝胶糖、胶基糖、压片糖、流质糖、膜片糖、花式糖或巧克力糖等类型。
实施例2 本发明饮料产品的制备
原料按重量份数计:叶黄素酯6份、(3R,3'R)-二羟基-β-胡萝卜素2份、花青素(蓝莓来源)50份、虾青素4份、葡萄糖酸锌600份(以锌重量计)、茶氨酸200份、低聚果糖(菊芋来源)150份。
制备方法:
1、花青素的制备:蓝莓鲜果粉碎匀浆后用乙醇浸提、过滤、离心、乙醇回收、树脂吸附、乙醇洗脱、石油醚萃取、干燥得到蓝莓提取物。根据蓝莓提取物中花青素的实际含量计算蓝莓提取物的添加量,保证加入花青素50份。
2、按重量配比将花青素、(3R,3'R)-二羟基-β-胡萝卜素、虾青素、葡萄糖酸锌、茶氨酸、叶黄素酯、低聚果糖混合均匀后加入糖浆搅拌均匀。
3、按需制成各种饮料。
以下通过试验例证明本发明的有益效果。
试验例1 本发明组合物治疗视疲劳及视疲劳引起的相关症状的试用观察
选取具有视疲劳症状的办公室工作白领,IT工作者,电玩爱好者共300例,男性147人,女性153人。参照中华医学会眼科学分会眼视光学组的《视疲劳诊疗专家共识(2014年)》及国食药监保化[2012]107号《缓解视疲劳功能评价方法》制订视疲劳评定量表。分别于试食前后进行眼部症状及眼底检查,血、尿常规检查,肝、肾功能检查,症状询问、用眼情况调查,SAS评分,明视持久度和视力检查,TOVA检测。眼睛局部症状:眼酸痛、眼胀、畏光、视物模糊、眼干涩、异物感、流泪7种症状中有任3种改善,且其他症状无恶化即判定眼睛局部症状改善,全身不适(包括注意力下降、记忆力减退、失眠)进行单项统计。计算两组症状改善例数和两组症状改善有效率。症状改善有效率(%)计算方法为症状改善例数/试食例数×100。将两组症状改善有效率进行统计学检验。
表1 视疲劳评定量表
将受试者随机分为10组,每组30例,2组给予活性成分为花青素(蓝莓来源)300mg的糖果,3组给予活性成分为花青素(蓝莓来源)100mg和茶氨酸200mg的糖果,4组给予活性成分为花青素(蓝莓来源)200mg和茶氨酸200mg的糖果,5组给予活性成分为花青素(蓝莓来源)100mg和茶氨酸300mg的糖果,6组给予活性成分为花青素(蓝莓来源)200mg和茶氨酸300mg的糖果,7组给予活性成分为花青素(蓝莓来源)50mg和茶氨酸200mg的糖果,8组给予活性成分为花青素(蓝莓来源)100mg和茶氨酸400mg的糖果,9组给予活性成分为花青素(蓝莓来源)10mg和茶氨酸20mg的糖果,10组给予活性成分为花青素(蓝莓来源)1000mg和茶氨酸1000mg的糖果,1组给予同样外形口感的糖果,不添加益眼活性成分,各组糖果均按照实施例1方法制备。10组均连续服用60天(以上均为每日服用量)。分别于30、60天统计眼睛局部症状改善的有效率,以及影响工作生活的视疲劳精神神经症状主要包括注意力下降、记忆力减退、焦虑、失眠的变化,服用前后对比结果见下表:
表2 缓解视疲劳症状有效率统计表
从以上试用结果可以看出,只加花青素的试验组2试用者眼睛局部症状改善有效率仅为50%。加入茶氨酸的3~6、8、10组试用者眼睛局部症状改善有效率提高至70%以上,表明加入茶氨酸后缓解视疲劳眼睛局部症状的效果得到了显著提升;而且,视疲劳全身症状也得到了明显缓解。由试验组3~6、8、10组的有效率统计结果可知,茶氨酸:花青素在(20~1000):(10~1000)的配比范围内,缓解视疲劳的作用非常显著。此外,仅加入花青素50mg和10mg的7组与9组眼部症状改善不明显,说明花青素的起效范围在100mg以上。
以上试验结果表明,本发明将茶氨酸作为活性成分添加到用于缓解视疲劳的产品中,不仅能够有效改善由视疲劳带来的严重影响工作与生活的精神神经症状,包括可以减轻或缓解注意力及记忆力下降问题,试用者普遍反映使用后情绪焦虑缓解明显,由眼疲劳引发的睡眠问题也明显缓解,而且,加入茶氨酸的产品改善视疲劳眼睛局部症状的效果更加明显,比如,眼酸痛、眼胀、畏光、视物模糊、眼干涩、异物感、流泪等症状都能够得到一定程度的改善,对视疲劳的治疗效果显著。
Claims (15)
1.茶氨酸在制备缓解视疲劳的食品、保健品或药品中的用途。
2.缓解视疲劳的组合物,其特征是:是活性成分包括茶氨酸和花青素的食品、保健品或药品。
3.如权利要求2所述的组合物,其特征是:所述活性成分的重量配比为:茶氨酸20~1000份、花青素10~1000份。
4.如权利要求3所述的组合物,其特征是:所述活性成分的重量配比为:茶氨酸100~400份、花青素50~200份;优选地,所述活性成分的重量配比为:茶氨酸:花青素=1~4:1。
5.如权利要求2~4任意一项所述的组合物,其特征是:所述花青素来源于蓝莓、葡萄籽、黑加仑、松树皮、紫甘薯、葡萄、血橙、红球甘蓝、茄子皮、樱桃、红橙、红莓、草莓、桑葚、山楂皮、紫苏、黑米、红豆、牵牛花中一种或两种以上。
6.如权利要求2~5任意一项所述的组合物,其特征是:活性成分还包括低聚果糖、叶黄素、叶黄素酯、虾青素、葡萄糖酸锌、(3R,3'R)-二羟基-β-胡萝卜素中一种或两种以上的混合物。
7.如权利要求2~6任意一项所述的组合物,其特征是:是各重量配比的活性成分,加入可接受的辅料或者辅助性成分制备而成的食品、保健品或药品。
8.如权利要求7所述的组合物,其特征是:所述食品、保健品或药品为口服形式。
9.如权利要求8所述的组合物,其特征是:所述食品、保健品是糖果、果冻、饮料或膳食补充剂。
10.如权利要求9所述的组合物,其特征是:所述糖果为硬糖、奶糖、夹心糖、酥糖、太妃糖、充气糖、凝胶糖、胶基糖、压片糖、流质糖、膜片糖、花式糖或巧克力糖。
11.权利要求2~10任意一项所述组合物的制备方法,其特征是:包括如下步骤:取各重量配比的活性成分,加入食品、保健品或药品中可接受的辅料或者辅助性成分,即得。
12.权利要求2~10任意一项所述组合物在制备缓解视疲劳的食品、保健品或药品中的用途。
13.如权利要求1或12所述的用途,其特征是:所述食品、保健品或药品具有缓解视疲劳所致眼睛局部症状和/或精神神经症状的功效。
14.如权利要求13所述的用途,其特征是:所述眼睛局部症状为眼酸痛、眼胀、畏光、视物模糊、眼干涩、异物感或流泪。
15.如权利要求13所述的用途,其特征是:所述精神神经症状为注意力下降、记忆力减退、焦虑或失眠。
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