CN108182994A - 一种消防用防火线缆 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种消防用防火线缆，其特征在于，包括线缆芯、耐高温绝缘层、铝金属套、环氧/苯并噁嗪树脂基耐火内护套和低烟无卤聚烯烃外护套；所述线缆芯由四股绝缘导体相互外切；所述耐高温绝缘层是由云母粉、玻璃纤维、聚四氟乙烯改性酚醛压塑粉和Mg(OH)2组成并包膜在线缆芯上；所述铝金属套是铝丝以螺旋状紧密缠绕在耐高温绝缘层外侧；所述环氧/苯并噁嗪树脂基耐火内护套包裹在铝金属套上；所述低烟无卤聚烯烃外护套包裹在环氧/苯并噁嗪树脂基耐火内护套上。本发明保证线缆在高温下仍能正常运作，且收缩率接近零，不发生老化现象，具有良好的力学性能和电绝缘性能。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于线缆技术领域，具体涉及一种消防用防火线缆。
背景技术
目前，应用较广泛的防火线缆主要有UL系列阻燃电缆和阻燃低烟无卤电缆两大类。防火线缆虽然具有良好的耐火性能，使其在火灾环境中正常运作，但是在高温条件下，容易收缩变形，引起线缆的老化开裂，使用寿命有限，提高消防成本。
申请号为CN201510009364.0的专利，公开了一种隔离性氧化镁绝缘防火电缆，采用陶瓷防火涂料层与无机矿物耐火隔离层提高线缆的防火性，通过合成氧化镁粉绝缘层包裹内芯，起到隔离的作用，虽然无机矿物的隔离效果和耐火性较好，但是其韧性较差，易造成线缆内部弯曲断裂。申请号为CN201510293868.X的专利，公开一种一种低烟无卤阻燃电缆料及其制备方法，通过在原料中加入防老化剂，进而抑制线缆老化，但是原料中的乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物是可燃物，易导致线缆在火中燃烧，无法应用于消防工作中。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种消防用防火线缆，以解决上述背景技术中提出的高温下线缆易变形老化的问题。
为实现上述目的，本发明提供如下技术方案：
一种消防用防火线缆，包括线缆芯(1)、耐高温绝缘层(2)、铝金属套(3)、环氧/苯并噁嗪树脂基耐火内护套(4)和低烟无卤聚烯烃外护套(5)；
所述线缆芯(1)由四股绝缘导体(6)相互外切；所述耐高温绝缘层(2)包膜在线缆芯(1)上；所述铝金属套(3)是铝丝以螺旋状紧密缠绕在耐高温绝缘层(2)外侧；所述环氧/苯并噁嗪树脂基耐火内护套(4)包裹在铝金属套(3)上；所述低烟无卤聚烯烃外护套(5)包裹在环氧/苯并噁嗪树脂基耐火内护套(4)上；
其中，耐高温绝缘层(2)按照重量份数计，包括以下组分：云母粉45-55份、玻璃纤维20-30份、聚四氟乙烯改性酚醛压塑粉15-25份、Mg(OH)2 5-10份。
优选的是，所述绝缘导体(6)是由三根或三根以上铜丝绞合且包覆于陶瓷化硅橡胶(7)内。
优选的是，所述耐高温绝缘层厚度为1.5-3mm。
本发明的有益效果：
(1)本发明的线缆芯是由陶瓷化硅橡胶包覆的铜导体，陶瓷化硅橡胶基体中的助熔剂在温度升高的过程中，液化并分散在SiO2和瓷化调料间，使基体分子互相粘结成坚硬的陶瓷体，保护内部导体，此外，陶瓷体中不含自由电子，难以导热，保证导体不会因自身温度的升高而导致电阻增大，从而保持电力的正常传输；
(2)本发明的耐高温绝缘层具有优异的隔热性能和电绝缘能力，防震性能和机械韧性良好，抗老化性强，其中，聚四氟乙烯改性酚醛压塑粉中的C-F键的键能高且稳定，为螺旋型空间结构,因此在高温条件下，不易老化，惰性F原子把C-C键屏蔽保护起来，因此，具有极强的电绝缘性，一层1mm厚的聚四氟乙烯薄膜，能够抵挡1500V的高压电，云母粉的主要化学成分是硅氧化物和氧化铝，化学性质稳定，耐高温，其铝氧八面体外侧被两层硅氧四面体夹层的物理结构，使其热膨胀系数小，不易收缩变形，玻璃纤维填补了耐高温绝缘层中分子缺陷，使内部原子紧密相连，提高了线缆的抗拉强度；
(3)本发明中铝金属套对内部耐高温绝缘层有保护作用，加强线缆的耐疲劳强度，并且抑制水分进入线缆内部，避免线缆漏电；
(4)本发明中环氧/苯并噁嗪树脂基耐火内护套的孔隙度极低，具有良好的隔热作用，防止线缆内部材料受损，且在火灾或高温环境中，接近零收缩，防止线缆变形，苯并噁嗪体系内部的醚键和以六元环结构存在的氢键数量较多，使环氧/苯并噁嗪树脂基化学交联密度较高，在高温下，不易收缩变形；
(5)本发明中低烟无卤聚烯烃外护套中不含有卤素，卤素在加热过程中，会产生卤化氢气体，并对消防员的呼吸道造成损伤，此外，外护套在火灾中不会产生浓烟，避免消防员的视力模糊，延误消防工作。
附图说明
附图1为本发明消防用防火线缆截面结构示意图：
其中，1、线缆芯，2、耐高温绝缘层，3、铝金属套，4、环氧/苯并噁嗪树脂基耐火内护套，5、低烟无卤聚烯烃外护套，6、绝缘导体，7、陶瓷化硅橡胶。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
实施例1
请参阅附图1，其揭示本发明实施例1,包括线缆芯1、耐高温绝缘层2、铝金属套3、环氧/苯并噁嗪树脂基耐火内护套4和低烟无卤聚烯烃外护套5。
耐高温绝缘层2是由45份云母粉、20份玻璃纤维、15份聚四氟乙烯改性酚醛压塑粉和5份Mg(OH)2制成的。
三根铜丝相互绞合且包覆于陶瓷化硅橡胶7内形成绝缘导体6，陶瓷化硅橡胶在高温条件下，固化成坚硬的陶瓷体，屏蔽内部导体，使线缆在950℃-1000℃温度下，能维持90min以上的工作时间，使火灾现场的电力传输顺畅，四股绝缘导体6相互外切形成线缆芯1，线缆芯1被1.5mm厚度耐高温绝缘层2包裹，耐高温绝缘层2能够加强线缆的抗老化性和韧性，并且具有良好的耐高温和绝缘性，从而保证线缆在火灾条件下的正常运行，其中，聚四氟乙烯改性酚醛压塑粉中的C-F键的键能高且稳定，为螺旋型空间结构,具有极其稳定的化学性质，进而提高了线缆的抗老化性，惰性F原子把C-C键屏蔽保护起来，云母粉的物理结构为铝氧八面体外夹两层硅氧四面体，因此，其热膨胀系数小，使线缆不易收缩变形，玻璃纤维填补了耐高温绝缘层中分子缺陷，使内部原子紧密相连，降低线缆的内部的分子间隙，此外，聚四氟乙烯、云母粉和玻璃纤维都具有优良的耐热性和电绝缘性，耐高温绝缘层2的外侧被螺旋状的铝金属套3紧密缠绕着，铝金属套3对内部结构有保护支撑作用，能够加强线缆的耐疲劳强度，防止线缆受热变形，铝金属套3外侧是环氧/苯并噁嗪树脂基耐火内护套4，其孔隙度极低，接近零收缩，并提高了线缆的弯曲强度，防止线缆变形，苯并环氧/苯并噁嗪树脂基化学交联程度较高，使线缆不易收缩变形，环氧/苯并噁嗪树脂基耐火内护套4外侧是低烟无卤聚烯烃外护套5，保证线缆在火中不会产生大量烟雾及有害气体，从而保证消防工作人员的自身安全和清晰的视野范围，提高消防工作效率。
实施例2
请参阅附图1，其揭示本发明实施例2，本实施例与实施例1类似，其区别在于耐高温绝缘层(2)是由55份云母粉、30份玻璃纤维、25份聚四氟乙烯改性酚醛压塑粉和10份Mg(OH)2制成且厚度为3mm，绝缘导体是由八根铜丝绞合制得。
最后应说明的是：以上所述仅为本发明的优选实施例而已，并不用于限制本发明，尽管参照前述实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明，对于本领域的技术人员来说，其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改，或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换,凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (3)
1.一种消防用防火线缆，其特征在于，包括线缆芯(1)、耐高温绝缘层(2)、铝金属套(3)、环氧/苯并噁嗪树脂基耐火内护套(4)和低烟无卤聚烯烃外护套(5)；
所述线缆芯(1)由四股绝缘导体(6)相互外切；所述耐高温绝缘层(2)包膜在线缆芯(1)上；所述铝金属套(3)是铝丝以螺旋状紧密缠绕在耐高温绝缘层(2)外侧；所述环氧/苯并噁嗪树脂基耐火内护套(4)包裹在铝金属套(3)上；所述低烟无卤聚烯烃外护套(5)包裹在环氧/苯并噁嗪树脂基耐火内护套(4)上；
其中，耐高温绝缘层(2)按照重量份数计，包括以下组分：云母粉45-55份、玻璃纤维20-30份、聚四氟乙烯改性酚醛压塑粉15-25份、Mg(OH)2 5-10份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种消防用防火线缆，其特征在于，所述绝缘导体(6)是由三根或三根以上铜丝绞合且包覆于陶瓷化硅橡胶(7)内。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种消防用防火线缆，其特征在于，所述耐高温绝缘层厚度为1.5-3mm。
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