CN108159360B - 一种牛蹄部损伤中药护蹄膏及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种牛蹄部损伤中药护蹄膏及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN108159360B
CN108159360B CN201810186461.0A CN201810186461A CN108159360B CN 108159360 B CN108159360 B CN 108159360B CN 201810186461 A CN201810186461 A CN 201810186461A CN 108159360 B CN108159360 B CN 108159360B
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CN108159360A (zh
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高利
魏成威
肖建华
张建涛
范宏刚
刘怀然
刘涛
李欣然
王明河
姜岩
李新
王浩
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Northeast Agricultural University
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种治疗牛蹄部损伤中药护蹄膏及其制备方法,属于中兽药组合物领域。由益母草20‑25g、莪术20‑25g、川芎20‑25g、当归20‑25g、骨碎补20‑25g,紫草25‑30g、金银花10‑15g、连翘10‑15g、凌霄花根20‑25g、牛膝20‑25g,血竭10‑15g、姜黄20‑25g、三七20‑25g、地榆20‑25g、柴胡20‑25g、白芨20‑25g、冰片25‑30g及透皮剂辅料组成,透皮剂辅料为体积配比为10:15:25:50的氮酮、三乙醇胺、羊毛脂和白凡士林。本发明的中药护蹄膏取材广泛,成本低廉,安全有效,使用方便,具有活血化瘀、消肿散结、预防感染、促进愈合的功效。

Description

一种牛蹄部损伤中药护蹄膏及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明属于中兽药组合物及制备技术,特别涉及的是一种治疗牛蹄部损伤中药护蹄膏及其制备方法。
背景技术
目前我国奶牛存栏量大约在1500万头左右,奶牛主要疾病主要集中在生殖系统疾病、消化道疾病、肢蹄病三大类。其中肢蹄病的发病率极高,每年发病率大约占47%左右,主要有过长蹄、蹄叶炎、蹄底溃疡、变形蹄、指间皮炎、蹄冠蜂窝织炎、系部皮炎、腕关节(跗关节)等,导致这些疾病的发生主要有一下几方面因素,一是奶牛场环境卫生较差,一旦有一点损伤极易发生感染;二是牛场牛舍和运动场湿度过大,奶牛蹄冠和系部易发生皮炎,此外牛蹄部长期在清理不及时粪尿里面浸泡,蹄部皮肤和蹄壳脆性加大,极易发生损伤性疾病,三是奶牛场牛运动不足,长期圈养,奶牛四肢血液循环不良,也是导致蹄部易发生损伤的主要诱因之一。目前,我国牛蹄部损伤炎性肿胀常用抗生素治疗,多数采取联合用药的方式给以广谱抗菌素,导致病原菌对抗菌药物的耐药性增强,常常出现治疗周期延长、给药剂量增加,严重的出现治疗无效以及淘汰情况。联合给药及用药剂量的增大导致抗菌素残留问题日益严重。
中药具有清热解毒、消肿散结的功效,同时中药也具有预防感染作用,且不易产生耐药性,对于非开放性或开放性损伤都具有良好的治疗作用。所以中药治疗牛蹄部损伤是今后的发展趋势。中药目前普遍通过口服给药或静脉注射给药,对于牛蹄部损伤治疗存在药效低、治疗效果差的缺点,如果能够将药物直接在肿胀局部给药效果会大大提高,所以针对局部研究体外给予纯中药护蹄膏是治疗的最佳选择。因此,如何制备中药护蹄膏对于治疗牛蹄部损伤导致的炎性肿胀、感染对提高奶牛养殖效益至关重要。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是针对上述治疗牛蹄部损伤性炎性肿胀、感染时存在药效低、治疗效果差,而研究开发的一种治疗牛蹄部损伤的纯中药护蹄膏,达到提高牛蹄部损伤的治愈率,且成本低廉、使用便捷、无毒副作用的目的。
为了实现本发明的目的,采用如下技术方案:提供一种治疗牛蹄部损伤中药护蹄膏,由益母草20-25g、莪术20-25g、川芎20-25g、当归20-25g、骨碎补20-25g,紫草25-30g、金银花10-15g、连翘10-15g、凌霄花根20-25g、牛膝20-25g,血竭10-15g、姜黄20-25g、三七20-25g、地榆20-25g、柴胡20-25g、白芨20-25g、冰片25-30g及透皮剂辅料组成。
进一步的,所述透皮剂辅料为氮酮、三乙醇胺、羊毛脂和白凡士林,所述氮酮:三乙醇胺:羊毛脂:白凡士林的体积配比为10:15:25:50。
进一步的,所述牛为奶牛。
一种治疗牛蹄部损伤中药护蹄膏的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
步骤一:将益母草、莪术、川芎、当归、骨碎补,紫草、金银花、连翘、凌霄花根、牛膝,血竭、姜黄、三七、地榆、柴胡、白芨、冰片清洗,沥干,按照质量比为20-25:20-25:20-25:20-25:20-25:25-30:10-15:10-15:20-25:20-25:10-15:20-25:20-25:20-25:20-25:20-25:25-30均匀混合;
步骤二:将步骤1的混合物加水2000mL,浸泡2-3小时后,煎煮1小时,收集煎煮液,煎煮的同时冷凝回收蒸馏出的挥发性药物,得回流液;
步骤三:在步骤二的基础上加入1000mL水第二次煎煮30分钟,收集煎煮液,煎煮的同时冷凝回收蒸馏出的挥发性药物,得回流液;
步骤四:在步骤三的基础上再加入1000mL水第三次煎煮30分钟,收集煎煮液,煎煮的同时冷凝回收蒸馏出的挥发性药物,得回流液;
步骤五:将上述三次的煎煮液及回流液合并,70℃水浴浓缩至300mL滤过得滤液;
步骤六:将步骤五中的滤液加入浓度95%乙醇,使乙醇浓度达到60%,充分搅拌后得醇沉液,将醇沉液置于4℃冰箱,冷藏24小时,然后以3000r/min的转速离心5分钟,取上清液70℃水浴,挥发去乙醇后再加入浓度95%乙醇,使乙醇浓度达到80%,再将醇沉液置于4℃冰箱,冷藏24小时,滤纸滤过得滤过液,滤过液70℃水浴,挥发去乙醇,滤过液加入蒸馏水至200mL,使溶液含生药量为1g/ mL,用0.25微米微孔滤膜过滤得滤液,滤液在121℃下蒸汽灭菌30min得到中药药液;
步骤七:将制备好的中药药液用体积配比为10:15:25:50的氮酮、三乙醇胺、羊毛脂和白凡士林充分搅拌,得到中药护蹄膏。
进一步的,所述的牛为奶牛。
本发明的有益效果是:本发明所述的中药护蹄膏成本低廉、安全有效、无抗药性、使用方便,具有具有止血生肌、消肿散结、预防感染、促进愈合的功效。
具体实施方式
下面对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
一、本发明所述的一种治疗牛蹄部损伤的中药护蹄膏及制备方法
本发明提供一种治疗牛蹄部损伤的中药护蹄膏,由以下原料药味:益母草20-25g、莪术20-25g、川芎20-25g、当归20-25g、骨碎补20-25g,紫草25-30g、金银花10-15g、连翘10-15g、凌霄花根20-25g、牛膝20-25g,血竭10-15g、姜黄20-25g、三七20-25g、地榆20-25g、柴胡20-25g、白芨20-25g、冰片25-30g及透皮剂辅料组成。
上述的辅料包括氮酮、三乙醇胺、羊毛脂和白凡士林,优选的氮酮、三乙醇胺、羊毛脂和白凡士林的体积配比为10:15:25:50,白凡士林为透皮剂总重量的50%。
本发明的原料药不包括额外的中药或西药活性成分,但是透皮剂辅料可包括药学上可接受的透皮剂辅料。
本发明所述的一种治疗牛蹄部损伤的中药护蹄膏制备方法如下:将益母草、莪术、川芎、当归、骨碎补,紫草、金银花、连翘、凌霄花根、牛膝,血竭、姜黄、三七、地榆、柴胡、白芨、冰片清洗,沥干,按照质量比为20-25:20-25:20-25:20-25:20-25:25-30:10-15:10-15:20-25:20-25:10-15:20-25:20-25:20-25:20-25:20-25:25-30均匀混合;将混合物加水2000mL,浸泡2-3小时后,煎煮1小时,收集煎煮液,然后加入1000mL水第二次煎煮30分钟,收集煎煮液,再加入1000mL水第三次煎煮30分钟,收集煎煮液;每次煎煮的同时冷凝回收蒸馏出的挥发性药物,得回流液;将上述三次煎煮液及回流液合并,70℃水浴浓缩至300mL滤过得滤液;滤液加入浓度95%乙醇,使乙醇浓度达到60%,充分搅拌后得醇沉液,将醇沉液置于4℃冰箱,冷藏24小时,3000r/min离心5分钟,取上清液70℃水浴,挥发去乙醇后再加入浓度95%乙醇,使乙醇浓度达到80%,再将醇沉液置于4℃冰箱,冷藏24小时,滤纸滤过得滤过液,滤过液70℃水浴,挥发去乙醇,滤过液加入蒸馏水至200mL,使溶液含生药量为1g/ mL,用0.25微米微孔滤膜过滤得滤液,滤液在121℃下蒸汽灭菌30min得到中药药液;将制备好的中药药液配合氮酮、三乙醇胺、羊毛脂和白凡士林充分搅拌,得到中药护蹄膏。
本发明的发明点在于所述的中药护蹄膏成本低廉、安全有效、无抗药性、使用方便,具有具有止血生肌、消肿散结、预防感染、促进愈合的功效。
二、实验方案
实验一:牛蹄部损伤中药护蹄膏预防效果实验
在黑龙江省大庆市林甸县3个奶牛场,每个奶牛场选取200头健康奶牛,其中100头蹄冠和系部涂抹护蹄膏,每周1次,另一百头不给药,实验周期1年。试验期发生指间、蹄冠、系部、腕部肿胀及跛行等情况算发病,无上述现象、行走正常算健康。1年周期后统计中药护蹄膏预防效果。结果见下表:
牛场 对照组 发病头数 发病率 实验组 发病头数 发病率
实验厂一 100 11 11% 100 4 4%
实验厂二 100 9 9% 100 6 6%
实验厂三 100 13 13% 100 4 4%
从表中可以看出,牛蹄部损伤中药护蹄膏具有良好的蹄部保健作用,总体使蹄部发病率下降50%左右。
实验二:牛蹄部损伤中药护蹄膏预防效果实验
同样在该3个奶牛场,每个奶牛场选取40头患病奶牛,主要表现蹄冠和系部红肿病例,其中20头在蹄冠和系部涂抹护蹄膏,每天1次,连用7天,7天没有恢复的再用7天,另20头静脉给予头孢曲松钠治疗,对两组治疗效果进行对比,以蹄冠、系部、腕部肿胀等消失、行走正常算治愈。结果见下表:
牛蹄部损伤中药护蹄膏治疗组在7天后,在试验一场,完全治愈的为16头,症状改善的为4头,但未完全康复;在试验二厂总治愈率为18头,其中有3头追加7天治疗,2头无效;在实验三场治愈15头,5头有效,但未完全康复。而头孢曲松钠治疗组在实验一场治愈率为零,在实验二厂治愈率为0.5%,在实验三场治愈率为1.5%。表明牛蹄部损伤中药护蹄膏局部涂覆在治疗局部炎性肿胀时,效果明显优于抗生素治疗组。
牛蹄部损伤中药护蹄膏与抗生素治疗效果统计
牛场 头孢曲松钠组 治愈头数 治愈率 牛蹄部损伤中药护蹄膏 治愈头数 治愈率
实验厂一 20 0 0% 20 16 80%
实验厂二 20 1 0.5% 20 18 90%
实验厂三 20 3 1.5% 20 15 75%
实验三:牛蹄部损伤中药护蹄膏推广实验
后期对黑龙江省大庆市林甸县10个奶牛厂推广应用该牛蹄部损伤中药护蹄膏,反应效果良好,具有良好临床应用前景。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已,并非用于限定本发明的保护范围。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均包含在本发明的保护范围。

Claims (4)

1.一种治疗牛蹄部损伤中药护蹄膏,其特征在于:所述中药护蹄膏的原料药由益母草20-25g、莪术20-25g、川芎20-25g、当归20-25g、骨碎补20-25g,紫草25-30g、金银花10-15g、连翘10-15g、凌霄花根20-25g、牛膝20-25g,血竭10-15g、姜黄20-25g、三七20-25g、地榆20-25g、柴胡20-25g、白芨20-25g、冰片25-30g及透皮剂辅料制成,所述透皮剂辅料为氮酮、三乙醇胺、羊毛脂和白凡士林,所述氮酮:三乙醇胺:羊毛脂:白凡士林的体积配比为10:15:25:50。
2.根据权利要求1所述的治疗牛蹄部损伤中药护蹄膏,其特征在于:所述牛为奶牛。
3.一种治疗牛蹄部损伤中药护蹄膏的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
步骤一:将益母草、莪术、川芎、当归、骨碎补,紫草、金银花、连翘、凌霄花根、牛膝,血竭、姜黄、三七、地榆、柴胡、白芨、冰片清洗,沥干,按照质量比为20-25:20-25:20-25:20-25:20-25:25-30:10-15:10-15:20-25:20-25:10-15:20-25:20-25:20-25:20-25:20-25:25-30均匀混合;
步骤二:将步骤1的混合物加水2000mL,浸泡2-3小时后,煎煮1小时,收集煎煮液,煎煮的同时冷凝回收蒸馏出的挥发性药物,得回流液;
步骤三:在步骤二的基础上加入1000mL水第二次煎煮30分钟,收集煎煮液,煎煮的同时冷凝回收蒸馏出的挥发性药物,得回流液;
步骤四:在步骤三的基础上再加入1000mL水第三次煎煮30分钟,收集煎煮液,煎煮的同时冷凝回收蒸馏出的挥发性药物,得回流液;
步骤五:将上述三次的煎煮液及回流液合并,70℃水浴浓缩至300mL滤过得滤液;
步骤六:将步骤五中的滤液加入浓度95%乙醇,使乙醇浓度达到60%,充分搅拌后得醇沉液,将醇沉液置于4℃冰箱,冷藏24小时,然后以3000r/min的转速离心5分钟,取上清液70℃水浴,挥发去乙醇后再加入浓度95%乙醇,使乙醇浓度达到80%,再将醇沉液置于4℃冰箱,冷藏24小时,滤纸滤过得滤过液,滤过液70℃水浴,挥发去乙醇,滤过液加入蒸馏水至200mL,使溶液含生药量为1g/ mL,用0.25微米微孔滤膜过滤得滤液,滤液在121℃下蒸汽灭菌30min得到中药药液;
步骤七:将制备好的中药药液用体积配比为10:15:25:50的氮酮、三乙醇胺、羊毛脂和白凡士林充分搅拌,得到中药护蹄膏。
4.根据权利要求3所述的治疗牛蹄部损伤中药护蹄膏的制备方法,其特征在于:所述的牛为奶牛。
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