CN108157616B - Puffed compound feed capable of reducing morbidity of frogs and improving body color of frogs - Google Patents
Puffed compound feed capable of reducing morbidity of frogs and improving body color of frogs Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
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- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
- A23K10/12—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes by fermentation of natural products, e.g. of vegetable material, animal waste material or biomass
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
- A23K10/16—Addition of microorganisms or extracts thereof, e.g. single-cell proteins, to feeding-stuff compositions
- A23K10/18—Addition of microorganisms or extracts thereof, e.g. single-cell proteins, to feeding-stuff compositions of live microorganisms
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- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
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- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
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- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
- A23K10/22—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin from fish
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
- A23K10/37—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
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- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/105—Aliphatic or alicyclic compounds
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- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/142—Amino acids; Derivatives thereof
- A23K20/147—Polymeric derivatives, e.g. peptides or proteins
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/158—Fatty acids; Fats; Products containing oils or fats
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
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- A23K20/163—Sugars; Polysaccharides
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- A23K20/174—Vitamins
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- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
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- A23K40/00—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K40/10—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs by agglomeration; by granulation, e.g. making powders
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
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- A23K40/00—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K40/30—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs by encapsulating; by coating
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
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- Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
- Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production
Abstract
The invention relates to an expanded compound feed for reducing the morbidity of frogs and improving the body color of frogs, which is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: imported super-steam fish meal, domestic fish meal, imported chicken meal, peanut meal, corn gluten meal, peeled soybean meal, flour, monocalcium phosphate, choline chloride, soybean oil, soybean phospholipid oil, fish vitamins, fish minerals, zeolite powder, composite bacillus, chitosan and marigold extracts. The combination for reducing the morbidity supplements each other and synergistically exerts the efficacy, and the formula of the lutein is added, so that the disease resistance and the immunity of the frogs are improved, and the body color of the frogs is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of feed production, in particular to an expanded compound feed for reducing the morbidity of frogs and improving the body color of frogs.
Background
The frog, known as rana nigromaculata, belongs to the rana animal, commonly called as 'Tianji', has high edible value (tender meat, less fat and low sugar content), can clear away heat and toxic materials, relieve swelling and pain, and belongs to the national secondary protection animal. The frog which is eaten as the cultivation at present is mainly sold to Wuhan, Changsha, Yunnan, Guizhou, Sichuan and Jiangzhe, and the price fluctuates between 12 Yuan and 27 Yuan/jin; secondly, the medicine is used: frog oil, a tonic, treats all consumptive diseases such as profuse sweating and physical weakness, and the price of frog oil in the international market is 500 dollars/jin.
The frog breeding is rapidly developed in two lakes, Jiangxi and the like after 2014, and the trend of breeding bullfrogs which are more mature than the existing bullfrogs with comparative breeding yield and breeding technology is greatly exceeded. The frog breeding in the last three years also encounters a plurality of bottleneck problems, although the existing enterprises specially use the special feed for the frog, the nutrition of the frog is still in the groping stage at present, the information of the manufacturers is not much, the morbidity is higher in the early stage, the frog is green in color and abnormal in body color at the sale terminal, the frog is lost, and great economic loss is caused to farmers.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide the puffed compound feed which can meet the nutritional requirements of frogs, promote healthy and normal growth of frogs, reduce the morbidity of frogs and simultaneously ensure that the frogs are attractive and close to natural in color when sold.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the expanded compound feed for reducing the morbidity of frogs and improving the body color of frogs is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 10-20 parts of imported super steam fish meal, 15-20 parts of domestic fish meal, 5-10 parts of imported chicken meal, 3-8 parts of peanut meal, 5-8 parts of corn protein powder, 16-28 parts of peeled soybean meal, 16-22 parts of flour, 1.0-2.0 parts of monocalcium phosphate, 0.15-0.25 part of choline chloride, 1.0-3.0 parts of soybean oil, 1.5-2.5 parts of soybean phospholipid oil, 1.0-2.0 parts of fish vitamins, 1.0-2.0 parts of fish minerals, 1.0-3.0 parts of zeolite powder, 1.0-3.0 parts of composite bacillus and chitosan and 0-3.0 parts of marigold extract.
According to the technical scheme, the invention meets the characteristic requirements of the existing frog culture mode according to the nutritional requirements of the frogs and the reflection characteristics of frog culture materials in recent years, optimizes the feed raw material combination and formula egg energy ratio structure and improves the amino acid level, simultaneously adds the composite bacillus and the chitosan to prevent liver and enteritis diseases of the frogs, and simultaneously applies the natural marigold extract to improve the body color of the frogs in the middle and later periods of frog culture to prevent the frogs from appearing 'too green' in color and prevent the frogs from influencing selling phases during selling.
The composite bacillus plays a role in an animal body mainly comprising the following three points: antagonize pathogenic microorganisms and maintain and regulate the intestinal microecological balance; the bacillus can generate a plurality of digestive enzymes such as hydrolase, fermentation enzyme, respiratory enzyme and the like in the animal digestive tract, and the enzymes are favorable for degrading protein, fat and complex carbohydrate in the feed and promoting the digestion and absorption of animals, thereby improving the feed conversion rate; enhancing the immune function of the animal body.
And (3) chitosan: chitosan is also called chitosan deacetylation, which is the product of chitosan deacetylation. The chitosan is white or light yellow semitransparent solid with slight pearl luster, and under an acidic condition, amino groups in molecules are combined with protons to enable the chitosan to have positive charges, so that the chitosan is a rare high molecular substance with positive charges in natural polysaccharide. In addition, the chitosan has good chemical stability; but has stronger hygroscopicity and is easy to decompose when meeting water; has no toxicity and harm, excellent biocompatibility, capacity of being dissolved by lysozyme and other components, biodegradability, no toxicity of its metabolite and capacity of being absorbed completely by organism. The chitosan mainly has the following three functions: the chitosan can effectively degrade cholesterol and glycerin triacetate and promote the discharge of the substances in vivo; the chitosan enters the somatic cells and reacts with cytoplasm with negative charges to disturb the normal metabolism of the cells; immunopotentiator action;
through the action of the compound bacillus, the micro-ecological balance of the frog intestinal tract is adjusted, the intestinal wall is thickened, and the digestion and absorption of nutrient substances are promoted; through the action of chitosan, the frog can effectively remove fat in the liver and keep the liver healthy; thirdly, harmful bacteria in the environment are not easy to damage the frog body through the spectrum antibacterial action of the two components, so that the frog morbidity is reduced.
Natural marigold extract: natural lutein is a carotenoid widely existing in vegetables, flowers and algae, plants and microorganisms can synthesize lutein by themselves, and people and animals can only obtain lutein from food. Lutein is an antioxidant in organisms, has physiological functions of resisting oxidation, resisting tumors, preventing cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases and the like, can enhance humoral immune response, stimulate lymphocyte proliferation, protect skin, prevent and treat age-related macular degeneration and the like, has physiological effects which other carotenoids do not have, and has the main effect of improving the body color of frogs. The aquatic animal body color change is mainly divided into morphological body color change and physiological body color change, and the morphological physiological change mainly refers to the change of the number and the migration of the position of pigment cells of an epidermal layer. The lutein is finally solubilized in mixed colloidal particles, absorbed by intestinal epithelial cells, a part of the absorbed lutein is secreted into lymphatic system in the form of chylomicron and enters blood circulation, then the chylomicron is degraded by lipoprotein lipase, the lutein in chylomicron residues is absorbed by liver, the lutein absorbed by the liver is either stored in the liver or is re-secreted into very low density lipoprotein to enter the blood circulation and then is delivered to the low density lipoprotein, and finally the lutein is absorbed into tissues through lipoprotein receptor.
Preferably, the preparation method of the expanded compound feed comprises the following steps
1) Preparing and mixing: according to the basic composition and weight of the raw materials of the formula, the imported super-steam fish meal, the domestic fish meal, the imported chicken meal, the peanut meal, the corn protein powder, the peeled soybean meal, the flour and the zeolite powder are subjected to primary mixing and mixing, and the fish mineral, the choline chloride and the monocalcium phosphate are added;
2) crushing and adding oil and fat: coarsely crushing the mixed materials, and then crushing for the second time by using an ultrafine crusher; simultaneously performing a secondary mixing stage, adding soybean phospholipid oil, fish vitamins, composite bacillus, chitosan and marigold extract in the secondary mixing stage;
3) preparing and granulating: the base material is modulated by a modulator, then enters a bulking machine for curing, and is extruded to obtain the granular puffed feed;
4) drying and cooling: drying in a flap dryer through a scraper, spraying with soybean oil, and cooling to obtain a finished product;
5) and packaging, sieving by using a grading sieve, weighing, packaging and warehousing.
In the technical scheme, by adopting the preparation method, feed ingredients can play a role in sterilization under the action of high temperature, high humidity and high pressure, so that protein is denatured, anti-nutritional factors are destroyed, the gelatinization degree of starch is improved, the digestibility is improved, and the stability in water is also improved.
Preferably, the base material in the step 3) is prepared into a water content of 25-28% in a conditioner.
Preferably, the vapor pressure in the conditioner is controlled to be 0.4-0.5MPa, the conditioning temperature is 80-90 ℃, the conditioning time is 180-300s, the puffing temperature of the puffing machine is controlled to be 90-95 ℃, the main shaft rotating speed of the puffing machine is controlled to be 500-700r/min, and the puffing time is 70-95 s.
Preferably, the vitamin premix contains per kilogram: vA 5-20mg，VD 5-15mg，VE 200-500mg，VC 800-1500mg，VK 15-25mg，VB1 30-50mg，VB2 100-200mg，VB6 30-100mg，VB122-6mg, 100 mg of calcium pantothenate, 5-15mg of folic acid, 20-80mg of nicotinamide, 10-20mg of biotin and 500mg of inositol 200-.
Preferably, the premix contains per kg of minerals: 1.89-4.53mg of copper, 40.28-120.85mg of iron, 20.19-80.75mg of zinc, 3.64-29.14mg of manganese, 45.44-227.20mg of cobalt, 2.28-13.70mg of selenium, 10.26-35.91mg of calcium, 103.85-311.54mg of magnesium and 32.75-114.01mg of iodine.
Preferably, the extraction method of the marigold extract comprises the following steps:
a: harvesting marigold leaves, drying, pulverizing, adding 10 times and 8 times of water, decocting at 80-90 deg.C for 2 times (each time for 1 hr), mixing decoctions, filtering, and concentrating the filtrate to relative density of 1.5;
b: 1/3 adding 5 times of zeolite powder into the concentrated filtrate, mixing, and drying to obtain crude extract A of flos Tagetis Erectae;
c: concentrating the residual filtrate to relative density of 1.8, adding 0.3% chitosan for flocculation and refining, filtering to obtain supernatant, adding 3 times of microbial fermentation liquid, and sealing in plastic bucket for anaerobic fermentation for 5-9 days; concentrating and drying the obtained fermentation liquor to obtain a marigold crude extract B; the microbial fermentation liquid is prepared by inoculating, mixing and fermenting saccharomycetes, lactic acid bacteria, bacillus subtilis, acetobacter pasteurianus and photosynthetic bacteria according to the proportion of 5: 1: 3: 6: 4 and carrying out aerobic fermentation for 60-84 h;
d: mixing flos Tagetis Erectae crude extract A and flos Tagetis Erectae crude extract B, adding into 0.03% ozone water solution 10 times of flos Tagetis Erectae crude extract A and flos Tagetis Erectae crude extract B, ultrasonic oscillating for 30min, concentrating, and drying to obtain flos Tagetis Erectae extract.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the combination for reducing the morbidity supplements each other and synergistically exerts the efficacy, and the formula of the lutein is added, so that the disease resistance and the immunity of the frogs are improved, and the body color of the frogs is improved.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention will be further specifically described below by way of specific examples.
In the present invention, the raw materials and equipment used are commercially available or commonly used in the art, unless otherwise specified. The methods in the following examples are conventional in the art unless otherwise specified.
The extraction method of the marigold extract comprises the following steps:
a: harvesting marigold leaves, drying, pulverizing, adding 10 times and 8 times of water, decocting at 80-90 deg.C for 2 times (each time for 1 hr), mixing decoctions, filtering, and concentrating the filtrate to relative density of 1.5;
b: 1/3 adding 5 times of zeolite powder into the concentrated filtrate, mixing, and drying to obtain crude extract A of flos Tagetis Erectae;
c: concentrating the residual filtrate to relative density of 1.8, adding 0.3% chitosan for flocculation and refining, filtering to obtain supernatant, adding 3 times of microbial fermentation liquid, and sealing in plastic bucket for anaerobic fermentation for 5-9 days; concentrating and drying the obtained fermentation liquor to obtain a marigold crude extract B; the microbial fermentation liquid is prepared by inoculating, mixing and fermenting saccharomycetes, lactic acid bacteria, bacillus subtilis, acetobacter pasteurianus and photosynthetic bacteria according to the proportion of 5: 1: 3: 6: 4 and carrying out aerobic fermentation for 60-84 h;
d: mixing flos Tagetis Erectae crude extract A and flos Tagetis Erectae crude extract B, adding into 0.03% ozone water solution 10 times of flos Tagetis Erectae crude extract A and flos Tagetis Erectae crude extract B, ultrasonic oscillating for 30min, concentrating, and drying to obtain flos Tagetis Erectae extract.
Each kilogram of vitamin premix contains: vA 5-20mg，VD 5-15mg，VE 200-500mg，VC 800-1500mg，VK15-25mg，VB1 30-50mg，VB2 100-200mg，VB6 30-100mg，VB122-6mg, 100 mg of calcium pantothenate, 5-15mg of folic acid, 20-80mg of nicotinamide, 10-20mg of biotin and 500mg of inositol 200-.
Per kilogram of mineral premix contains: 1.89-4.53mg of copper, 40.28-120.85mg of iron, 20.19-80.75mg of zinc, 3.64-29.14mg of manganese, 45.44-227.20mg of cobalt, 2.28-13.70mg of selenium, 10.26-35.91mg of calcium, 103.85-311.54mg of magnesium and 32.75-114.01mg of iodine.
Example 1
A puffed compound feed for reducing the morbidity of frogs and improving the body color of frogs is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20 parts of imported super steam fish meal, 15 parts of domestic fish meal, 6 parts of imported chicken meal, 4.5 parts of peanut meal, 5 parts of corn protein powder, 18 parts of peeled soybean meal, 20 parts of flour, 1.5 parts of monocalcium phosphate, 0.2 part of choline chloride, 2.0 parts of soybean oil, 1.5 parts of soybean phospholipid oil, 1.5 parts of fish vitamins, 1.5 parts of fish minerals, 1.0 part of zeolite powder, 2.3 parts of bacillus compositus and chitosan and 0 part of marigold extract-lutein;
the preparation method comprises the following steps:
1) preparing and mixing: according to the basic composition and weight of the raw materials of the formula, the imported super-steam fish meal, the domestic fish meal, the imported chicken meal, the peanut meal, the corn protein powder, the peeled soybean meal, the flour and the zeolite powder are subjected to primary mixing and mixing, and the fish mineral, the choline chloride and the monocalcium phosphate are added;
2) crushing and adding oil and fat: coarsely crushing the mixed materials, and then crushing for the second time by using an ultrafine crusher; simultaneously performing a secondary mixing stage, adding soybean phospholipid oil, fish vitamins, composite bacillus, chitosan and marigold extract in the secondary mixing stage; note that the amount of added lutein in this formulation was 0;
3) preparing and granulating: the base material is modulated by a modulator, then enters a bulking machine for curing, and is extruded to obtain a granular bulking feed, wherein the grain diameter of a used template is 1.0 mm; the base material is prepared into a water content of 25% in a conditioner; the vapor pressure in the conditioner is controlled to be 0.4MPa, the conditioning temperature is 80 ℃, the conditioning time is 180s, the puffing temperature of the puffing machine is controlled to be 90 ℃, the rotating speed of a main shaft of the puffing machine is controlled to be 500r/min, and the curing time of the puffing machine is 70 s;
4) drying and cooling: and (4) drying the mixture in a flap dryer through a scraper, spraying the dried mixture with soybean oil, and cooling to obtain a finished product.
5) And packaging, sieving by using a grading sieve, weighing, packaging and warehousing.
Example 2:
a puffed compound feed for reducing the morbidity of frogs and improving the body color of frogs is prepared by mixing the following raw materials in parts by weight: 15 parts of imported super-steam fish meal, 13 parts of domestic fish meal, 7 parts of imported chicken meal, 6 parts of peanut meal, 5 parts of corn protein powder, 20 parts of peeled soybean meal, 20 parts of flour, 1.5 parts of monocalcium phosphate, 0.2 part of choline chloride, 2.5 parts of soybean oil, 2.0 parts of soybean phospholipid oil, 1.5 parts of fish vitamins, 1.5 parts of fish minerals and 1.0 part of zeolite powder, and the composition for reducing the morbidity comprises the following components in parts by weight: bacillus and chitosan 2.3 are compounded, and the pigment substance is improved: marigold extract-lutein 1.5 parts;
the preparation method comprises the following steps:
1) preparing and mixing: according to the basic composition and weight of the raw materials of the formula, the imported super-steam fish meal, the domestic fish meal, the imported chicken meal, the peanut meal, the corn protein powder, the peeled soybean meal, the flour and the zeolite powder are subjected to primary mixing and mixing, and the fish mineral, the choline chloride and the monocalcium phosphate are added;
2) crushing and adding oil and fat: coarsely crushing the mixed materials, and then crushing for the second time by using an ultrafine crusher; simultaneously performing a secondary mixing stage, adding soybean phospholipid oil, fish vitamins, composite bacillus, chitosan and marigold extract in the secondary mixing stage; note that the amount of added lutein in this formulation was 0;
3) preparing and granulating: the base material is modulated by a modulator, then enters a bulking machine for curing, and is extruded to obtain a granular bulking feed, wherein the grain diameter of a used template is 1.5 mm; the base material is modulated into the water content of 26 percent in a conditioner; the vapor pressure in the conditioner is controlled to be 0.45MPa, the conditioning temperature is 86 ℃, the conditioning time is 220s, the puffing temperature of the puffing machine is controlled to be 93 ℃, the rotating speed of a main shaft of the puffing machine is controlled to be 600r/min, and the curing time of the puffing machine is 85 s;
4) drying and cooling: and (4) drying the mixture in a flap dryer through a scraper, spraying the dried mixture with soybean oil, and cooling to obtain a finished product.
5) And packaging, sieving by using a grading sieve, weighing, packaging and warehousing.
Example 3:
a puffed compound feed for reducing the morbidity of frogs and improving the body color of frogs is prepared by mixing the following raw materials in parts by weight: 10 parts of imported super steam fish meal, 16 parts of domestic fish meal, 7 parts of imported chicken meal, 6 parts of peanut meal, 5 parts of corn protein powder, 20.8 parts of peeled soybean meal, 20 parts of flour, 2.0 parts of monocalcium phosphate, 0.2 part of choline chloride, 2.5 parts of soybean oil, 2.0 parts of soybean phospholipid oil, 1.5 parts of fish vitamins, 1.5 parts of fish minerals and 1.0 part of zeolite powder, and the composition for reducing the morbidity comprises the following components in parts by weight: 2.5 parts of composite bacillus and chitosan, and the pigment substances are improved: marigold extract-lutein 2.0 parts;
the preparation method comprises the following steps:
1) preparing and mixing: according to the basic composition and weight of the raw materials of the formula, the imported super-steam fish meal, the domestic fish meal, the imported chicken meal, the peanut meal, the corn protein powder, the peeled soybean meal, the flour and the zeolite powder are subjected to primary mixing and mixing, and the fish mineral, the choline chloride and the monocalcium phosphate are added;
2) crushing and adding oil and fat: coarsely crushing the mixed materials, and then crushing for the second time by using an ultrafine crusher; simultaneously performing a secondary mixing stage, adding soybean phospholipid oil, fish vitamins, composite bacillus, chitosan and marigold extract in the secondary mixing stage; note that the amount of added lutein in this formulation was 0;
3) preparing and granulating: the base material is modulated by a modulator, then enters a bulking machine for curing, and is extruded to obtain a granular bulking feed, wherein the grain diameter of a used template is 2.0 mm; the base material is prepared into a water content of 28% in a conditioner; the vapor pressure in the conditioner is controlled to be 0.5MPa, the conditioning temperature is 90 ℃, the conditioning time is 300s, the puffing temperature of the puffing machine is controlled to be 95 ℃, the rotating speed of a main shaft of the puffing machine is controlled to be 700r/min, and the curing time of the puffing machine is 95 s;
4) drying and cooling: and (4) drying the mixture in a flap dryer through a scraper, spraying the dried mixture with soybean oil, and cooling to obtain a finished product.
5) And packaging, sieving by using a grading sieve, weighing, packaging and warehousing.
Example 4
A puffed compound feed for reducing the morbidity of frogs and improving the body color of frogs is prepared by mixing the following raw materials in parts by weight: 10 parts of imported super steam fish meal, 15 parts of domestic fish meal, 5 parts of imported chicken meal, 3 parts of peanut meal, 5 parts of corn protein powder, 16 parts of peeled soybean meal, 16 parts of flour, 1.0 part of monocalcium phosphate, 0.15 part of choline chloride, 1 part of soybean oil, 1.5 parts of soybean phospholipid oil, 1.0 part of fish vitamin, 1.0 part of fish mineral substance and 1.0 part of zeolite powder, and the composition for reducing morbidity comprises the following components in parts by weight: 1.0 part of composite bacillus and chitosan, and improves pigment substances: marigold extract-lutein 0.2 parts;
the preparation method comprises the following steps:
1) preparing and mixing: according to the basic composition and weight of the raw materials of the formula, the imported super-steam fish meal, the domestic fish meal, the imported chicken meal, the peanut meal, the corn protein powder, the peeled soybean meal, the flour and the zeolite powder are subjected to primary mixing and mixing, and the fish mineral, the choline chloride and the monocalcium phosphate are added;
2) crushing and adding oil and fat: coarsely crushing the mixed materials, and then crushing for the second time by using an ultrafine crusher; simultaneously performing a secondary mixing stage, adding soybean phospholipid oil, fish vitamins, composite bacillus, chitosan and marigold extract in the secondary mixing stage; note that the amount of lutein added in this formulation was 0.
3) Preparing and granulating: the base material is modulated by a modulator, then enters a bulking machine for curing, and is extruded to obtain a granular bulking feed, wherein the grain diameter of a used template is 1.0 mm; the base material is prepared into a water content of 28% in a conditioner; the vapor pressure in the conditioner is controlled to be 0.4MPa, the conditioning temperature is 80 ℃, the conditioning time is 180s, the puffing temperature of the puffing machine is controlled to be 90 ℃, the rotating speed of a main shaft of the puffing machine is controlled to be 500r/min, and the curing time of the puffing machine is 70 s;
4) drying and cooling: and (4) drying the mixture in a flap dryer through a scraper, spraying the dried mixture with soybean oil, and cooling to obtain a finished product.
5) And packaging, sieving by using a grading sieve, weighing, packaging and warehousing.
Example 5
A puffed compound feed for reducing the morbidity of frogs and improving the body color of frogs is prepared by mixing the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20 parts of imported super-steam fish meal, 20 parts of domestic fish meal, 10 parts of imported chicken meal, 8 parts of peanut meal, 8 parts of corn protein powder, 28 parts of peeled soybean meal, 22 parts of flour, 2.0 parts of monocalcium phosphate, 0.25 part of choline chloride, 3 parts of soybean oil, 2.5 parts of soybean phospholipid oil, 2 parts of fish vitamins, 2 parts of fish minerals, 3 parts of zeolite powder and a combination for reducing morbidity: 3 parts of composite bacillus and chitosan, namely improving the pigment substance: marigold extract-lutein 3.0 parts;
the preparation method comprises the following steps:
1) preparing and mixing: according to the basic composition and weight of the raw materials of the formula, the imported super-steam fish meal, the domestic fish meal, the imported chicken meal, the peanut meal, the corn protein powder, the peeled soybean meal, the flour and the zeolite powder are subjected to primary mixing and mixing, and the fish mineral, the choline chloride and the monocalcium phosphate are added;
2) crushing and adding oil and fat: coarsely crushing the mixed materials, and then crushing for the second time by using an ultrafine crusher; simultaneously performing a secondary mixing stage, adding soybean phospholipid oil, fish vitamins, composite bacillus, chitosan and marigold extract in the secondary mixing stage; note that the amount of lutein added in this formulation was 0.
3) Preparing and granulating: the base material is modulated by a modulator, then enters a bulking machine for curing, and is extruded to obtain a granular bulking feed, wherein the grain diameter of a used template is 1.0 mm; the base material is prepared into a water content of 28% in a conditioner; the vapor pressure in the conditioner is controlled to be 0.5MPa, the conditioning temperature is 90 ℃, the conditioning time is 300s, the puffing temperature of the puffing machine is controlled to be 95 ℃, the rotating speed of a main shaft of the puffing machine is controlled to be 700r/min, and the curing time of the puffing machine is 95 s;
4) drying and cooling: and (4) drying the mixture in a flap dryer through a scraper, spraying the dried mixture with soybean oil, and cooling to obtain a finished product.
5) And packaging, sieving by using a grading sieve, weighing, packaging and warehousing.
Effect of cultivation example
The frog with the weight of 10g is used for the test and is respectively put in 6 culture ponds, and each culture pond is about 150m22000 frogs with healthy constitutions and similar specifications are bred in each breeding pond, a frog escape-proof purse net device is built according to the requirements of the frog breeding pond, an ingestion platform and a rest area are built, 1-3 breeding ponds ingest example 1, 2 and 3 compound feeds from small to large respectively, the material number is adjusted step by step according to the specifications of three ponds, 4-6 breeding ponds purchase frog feeds with the same particle size in the market, and the comparison result is shown in a table 1.
TABLE 1 comparative results
| Survival rate/% | Average weight of adult frog per gram | Green ratio/% | |
| Example 1 | 98 | 415 | 0.2 |
| Example 2 | 97 | 421 | 0.3 |
| Example 3 | 98 | 418 | 0.5 |
| Comparative example 1 | 88 | 375 | 29 |
| Comparative example 2 | 87 | 371 | 33 |
| Comparative example 3 | 86 | 370 | 39 |
As can be seen from the table above, the frog feed produced by the invention has the advantages of red and moist liver and intestine, the survival rate of the frog is improved by more than 10 percent, and the frog is basically colorless and greenish when sold.
The above-described embodiments are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention in any way, and other variations and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit of the invention as set forth in the claims.
Claims (6)
1. The expanded compound feed for reducing the morbidity of frogs and improving the body color of frogs is characterized by being prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 10-20 parts of imported super steam fish meal, 15-20 parts of domestic fish meal, 5-10 parts of imported chicken meal, 3-8 parts of peanut meal, 5-8 parts of corn protein powder, 16-28 parts of peeled soybean meal, 16-22 parts of flour, 1.0-2.0 parts of monocalcium phosphate, 0.15-0.25 part of choline chloride, 1.0-3.0 parts of soybean oil, 1.5-2.5 parts of soybean phospholipid oil, 1.0-2.0 parts of fish vitamins, 1.0-2.0 parts of fish minerals, 1.0-3.0 parts of zeolite powder, 1.0-3.0 parts of composite bacillus and chitosan and 0-3.0 parts of marigold extract;
the extraction method of the marigold extract comprises the following steps:
a: harvesting marigold leaves, drying, pulverizing, adding 10 times and 8 times of water, decocting at 80-90 deg.C for 2 times (each time for 1 hr), mixing decoctions, filtering, and concentrating the filtrate to relative density of 1.5;
b: 1/3 adding 5 times of zeolite powder into the concentrated filtrate, mixing, and drying to obtain crude extract A of flos Tagetis Erectae;
c: concentrating the residual filtrate to relative density of 1.8, adding 0.3% chitosan for flocculation and refining, filtering to obtain supernatant, adding 3 times of microbial fermentation liquid, and sealing in plastic bucket for anaerobic fermentation for 5-9 days; concentrating and drying the obtained fermentation liquor to obtain a marigold crude extract B; the microbial fermentation liquor is prepared from yeast, lactic acid bacteria, bacillus subtilis, acetobacter pasteurianus and photosynthetic bacteria according to the ratio of 5: 1: 3: 6: 4, inoculating, mixing and fermenting in proportion, and carrying out aerobic fermentation for 60-84 h;
d: mixing flos Tagetis Erectae crude extract A and flos Tagetis Erectae crude extract B, adding into 0.03% ozone water solution 10 times of flos Tagetis Erectae crude extract A and flos Tagetis Erectae crude extract B, ultrasonic oscillating for 30min, concentrating, and drying to obtain flos Tagetis Erectae extract.
2. The expanded compound feed for reducing the incidence of frogs and improving the body color of frogs as claimed in claim 1, wherein the preparation method of the expanded compound feed comprises the following steps
1) Preparing and mixing: according to the basic composition and weight of the raw materials of the formula, the imported super-steam fish meal, the domestic fish meal, the imported chicken meal, the peanut meal, the corn protein powder, the peeled soybean meal, the flour and the zeolite powder are subjected to primary mixing and mixing, and the fish mineral, the choline chloride and the monocalcium phosphate are added;
2) crushing and adding oil and fat: coarsely crushing the mixed materials, and then crushing for the second time by using an ultrafine crusher; simultaneously performing a secondary mixing stage, adding soybean phospholipid oil, fish vitamins, composite bacillus, chitosan and marigold extract in the secondary mixing stage;
3) preparing and granulating: the base material is modulated by a modulator, then enters a bulking machine for curing, and is extruded to obtain the granular puffed feed;
4) drying and cooling: drying in a flap dryer through a scraper, spraying with soybean oil, and cooling to obtain a finished product;
5) and packaging, sieving by using a grading sieve, weighing, packaging and warehousing.
3. The expanded compound feed for reducing the incidence of frogs and improving the body color of frogs as claimed in claim 2, wherein the base material in step 3) is adjusted to a moisture content of 25-28% in a modulator.
4. The expanded compound feed for reducing the morbidity of frogs and improving the body color of frogs as claimed in claim 3, wherein the vapor pressure in the modulator is controlled to be 0.4-0.5MPa, the modulation temperature is 80-90 ℃, the modulation time is 180-300s, the expansion temperature of the expander is controlled to be 90-95 ℃, the main shaft rotation speed of the expander is controlled to be 500-700r/min, and the curing time of the expander is 70-95 s.
5. The expanded compound feed for reducing the incidence of diseases of frogs and improving the body color of frogs as claimed in claim 1, wherein each kilogram of vitamin premix contains: vA 5-20 mg，VD 5-15 mg，VE 200-500 mg，VC 800-1500 mg，VK15-25 mg，VB1 30-50 mg，VB2 100-200 mg，VB6 30-100 mg，VB122-6mg, 100 mg of calcium pantothenate, 5-15mg of folic acid, 20-80mg of nicotinamide, 10-20mg of biotin and 500mg of inositol 200-.
6. The expanded compound feed for reducing the incidence of frogs and improving the body color of frogs as claimed in claim 1, wherein each kilogram of the mineral premix comprises: 1.89-4.53mg of copper, 40.28-120.85mg of iron, 20.19-80.75mg of zinc, 3.64-29.14mg of manganese, 45.44-227.20mg of cobalt, 2.28-13.70mg of selenium, 10.26-35.91mg of calcium, 103.85-311.54mg of magnesium and 32.75-114.01mg of iodine.
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| CN108719609A (en) * | 2018-05-17 | 2018-11-02 | 华中农业大学 | A kind of Rana nigromaculata feed containing stratiomyiid mature larva and application |
| CN109497280A (en) * | 2018-10-16 | 2019-03-22 | 华中农业大学 | For improving mixed feed and its preparation of Rana nigromaculata body colour |
| CN109221646A (en) * | 2018-10-22 | 2019-01-18 | 武汉轻工大学 | A kind of Rana nigromaculata special compound feed and preparation method thereof |
| CN112205519A (en) * | 2019-07-10 | 2021-01-12 | 成都中胜国望生物科技有限公司 | Selenium-rich frog feed and preparation process thereof |
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