CN108136888B - 用于控制混合动力机动车辆中的螺线管燃料喷射器的电力供应的方法 - Google Patents

用于控制混合动力机动车辆中的螺线管燃料喷射器的电力供应的方法 Download PDF

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CN108136888B
CN108136888B CN201680057093.9A CN201680057093A CN108136888B CN 108136888 B CN108136888 B CN 108136888B CN 201680057093 A CN201680057093 A CN 201680057093A CN 108136888 B CN108136888 B CN 108136888B
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CN108136888A (zh
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F.勒-洪
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Vitesco Technologies GmbH
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02DCONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/20Output circuits, e.g. for controlling currents in command coils
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60KARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/48Parallel type
    • B60K6/485Motor-assist type
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60LPROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/18Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules
    • B60L58/20Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules having different nominal voltages
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60WCONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
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    • B60W10/06Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units including control of combustion engines
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
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    • F02D41/00Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/20Output circuits, e.g. for controlling currents in command coils
    • F02D2041/2003Output circuits, e.g. for controlling currents in command coils using means for creating a boost voltage, i.e. generation or use of a voltage higher than the battery voltage, e.g. to speed up injector opening
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    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02DCONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D2200/00Input parameters for engine control
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F02D2200/00Input parameters for engine control
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    • F02D2200/10Parameters related to the engine output, e.g. engine torque or engine speed
    • F02D2200/101Engine speed
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    • F02DCONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D2200/00Input parameters for engine control
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    • F02DCONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D2400/00Control systems adapted for specific engine types; Special features of engine control systems not otherwise provided for; Power supply, connectors or cabling for engine control systems
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F02D41/00Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/30Controlling fuel injection
    • F02D41/38Controlling fuel injection of the high pressure type
    • F02D41/40Controlling fuel injection of the high pressure type with means for controlling injection timing or duration
    • F02D41/402Multiple injections
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F02NSTARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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    • F02N11/0866Circuits or control means specially adapted for starting of engines characterised by the electrical power supply means, e.g. battery comprising several power sources, e.g. battery and capacitor or two batteries
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
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Abstract

一种用于控制包括内燃发动机和电动马达的混合动力机动车辆的喷射器的电力供应的方法,该车辆配备有第一电网和第二电网,第一电网被供应第一直流电压且用于给内燃发动机的发动机控制供电,且第二电网被供应高于第一直流电压的第二直流电压并用于给电动马达供电,其包括:v.将第二直流电压连接至螺线管燃料喷射器的电力供应,vi.读取第二直流电压的值,vi.基于步骤ii中读取的值、发动机转速、发动机温度及螺线管燃料喷射器上游的喷射压力,适配螺线管燃料喷射器的多个控制参数,viii.通过第二直流电压控制螺线管燃料喷射器,其中:iv.a在值高于阈值时,不改变喷射器的任何控制参数;而iv.b在值低于阈值时,改变喷射器的控制参数中的至少一个。

Description

用于控制混合动力机动车辆中的螺线管燃料喷射器的电力供 应的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于控制混合动力机动车辆的螺线管燃料喷射器的电力供应的方法,所述混合动力机动车辆一方面包括内燃推进发动机且另一方面包括电动马达。
背景技术
由于本发明允许省去现有技术实施例中所必需的电压增压级,所以本发明具有非常有利的应用。
在配备有内燃推进发动机(其燃料喷射器为螺线管类型)的无论是否为混合动力的机动车辆中,所述螺线管喷射器由来自于供应机动车辆的直流电压的电压供电。通常,该电压由所述机动车辆的电池供应并且为12V。然而,这样的低直流电压不允许致动螺线管燃料喷射器。因此,使用直流电压升压器,其将电压从12V提高到大约65V。在具有汽油直接喷射的当前发动机中,喷射器的控制因此通过开关式电力供应来进行,这通常集成至发动机控制计算机中。
此类开关式电力供应在价格上而且在占用空间上均是成本昂贵的。需要在发动机控制计算机的壳体内集成大型部件,这些大型部件在其运行时还是巨大的耗散热功率源,并且需要设计允许排放所有这些热能而不会危及发动机控制计算机的其它部件的电子壳体。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于在配备有电动马达的混合动力车辆的情况下省去这种直流电压升压器,这些混合动力车辆具有第二电网,所述第二电网以高于12V但仍然低于电压升压器的65V的电压进行供电。
所选择的完全不限制本发明的范围的说明性示例是配备有在技术术语中称为“轻度混合动力(Mild Hybrid)”装置的车辆的示例,即包括内燃推进发动机以及电动马达的车辆,且电动马达不是直接用于推进而是用于辅助内燃推进发动机。电动马达负责在车辆的减速阶段回收能量,以将该能量转化为储存在蓄电池中的电力。该能量随后用于在需要时辅助内燃推进发动机,例如在起动或加速阶段。
该实施例的示例完全不排除本发明被应用于包括两个推进发动机的车辆,在技术术语中也被称为“全混合动力”的车辆。
为此,本发明提出了一种用于控制混合动力机动车辆的螺旋管燃料喷射器的电力供应的方法,所述混合动力机动车辆一方面包括内燃推进发动机且另一方面包括电动马达,所述混合动力机动车辆配备有第一电网以及第二电网,所述第一电网被供应以第一直流电压且尤其用于给内燃推进发动机的发动机控制供电,并且所述第二电网被供应以第二直流电压,所述第二直流电压高于第一直流电压并尤其用于给电动马达供电,所述方法的特征在于其包括以下步骤:
i. 将第二直流电压连接至螺线管燃料喷射器的电力供应,
ii. 读取第二直流电压的值,
iii. 基于步骤ii中所读取的值、内燃推进发动机(MCI)的发动机转速(N)、内燃推进发动机(MCI)的温度(Tm)以及螺线管燃料喷射器上游的喷射压力(Pm),适配螺线管燃料喷射器的多个控制参数,
iv. 通过第二直流电压(V2)控制螺线管燃料喷射器,其中:
iv.a 在值(V2m)高于阈值的情况下,不改变喷射器的任何控制参数;而
iv.b 在值(V2m)低于阈值的情况下,改变喷射器的控制参数中的至少一个。
申请人观察到,以出乎意料且与所接受观点相反地,通过使喷射参数适配于实际可用电压,则电动马达的供电电压(目前典型为48V的直流电压)足以控制螺线管燃料喷射器。实际上,根据电动马达的运行阶段,所述48V的电压不是恒定的并且会显著下降到其标称值以下,该电动马达的运行阶段或多或少地借助于所嵌入的并且负责供给该电压的蓄电池。因此,本发明合理地将这考虑在内。
有利地,适配螺线管燃料喷射器的控制参数的步骤考虑到内燃推进发动机的发动机转速、内燃推进发动机的温度以及螺线管燃料喷射器上游的喷射压力。因此,为了进一步优化螺线管喷射器的控制参数的适配,本发明提出不仅考虑可用直流电压,而且还考虑内燃推进发动机的发动机转速。实际上,高发动机转速大大减少了可能的燃料喷射时间。同样地,内燃推进发动机的温度(通常是内燃推进发动机的冷却液体的温度)也影响所述发动机的特性。最后,同样重要的是实时确定螺线管燃料喷射器上游的燃料压力,因为该量决定了可喷射燃料流量,并因此决定了螺线管燃料喷射器的开启时间。
在实施例中,螺线管喷射器的控制参数是燃料喷射时间以及燃料喷射开始发动机角度。
优选地,对于在同一运行循环内包括每缸多次燃料喷射的策略的内燃推进发动机而言,适配螺线管燃料喷射器的控制参数的步骤包括经适配的控制参数的一致性测试步骤:
• 如果满足经适配的控制参数的一致性测试,则应用多次喷射,
• 如果不满足经适配的控制参数的一致性测试,则减少多次喷射的次数,甚至由在同一个运行循环内每缸单次喷射所替代。
实际上,现代发动机不是以单次的方式将燃料系统地喷射到内燃推进发动机中,而是以多次喷射的方式,以优化燃料燃烧。如果条件对于多次喷射不再可能,则借助本发明可以减少喷射次数或切换到单次燃料喷射。
本发明还涉及一种可由计算机读取的记录介质,在该记录介质上记录有计算机程序,该计算机程序包括用于执行根据前述特征中的任何一个的方法的步骤的程序代码指令。
最后,本发明涉及一种用于混合动力机动车辆的电子计算机,所述混合动力其特征在于,其包括用于实施根据前述特征的用于控制螺线管燃料喷射器的电力供应的方法的装置。
附图说明
通过阅读以下描述将更好地理解本发明。该描述纯粹是说明性的并且应该参照附图来阅读,其中图1示出了呈现根据本发明的方法的不同步骤的流程图。
具体实施方式
应该注意到,为实施本发明,附图以详细的方式展示本发明,在必要时所述附图当然可以用于更好地限定本发明。
在描述中,相同的附图标记表示相同或功能相似的元件。
根据本发明的方法实施多个硬件或软件部件以及多个参与者,在说明书的其余部分中将引用这些。
在说明书中,将动作指派至设备或程序;这意味着这些动作由该设备的微处理器或者由包括该程序的设备的微处理器所执行,所述微处理器因此由记录在该设备的存储器中的指令代码来进行控制。这些指令代码允许实施设备的方法并因此允许实现所承担的动作。
图1示出了通过用于控制混合动力机动车辆的螺线管燃料喷射器的电力供应的方法实施的流程图,该混合动力机动车辆一方面包括内燃推进发动机MCI并且另一方面包括电动马达ME,所述混合动力机动车辆配备有第一电网和第二电网,该第一电网被供应以尤其用于供应至内燃推进发动机MCI的发动机控制装置的第一直流电压V1,并且该第二电网被供应以第二直流电压V2,所述第二直流电压V2高于第一直流电压V1并且尤其用于供应至电动马达ME。
以本身完全不限制本发明的范围的说明性示例的方式,第一直流电压V1为12V并且来自铅蓄电池,并且第二直流电压V2为48 V并且来自锂离子蓄电池。
本发明提出进行适配的参数一方面是燃料喷射时间Ti,并且另一方面是喷射开始角度Ai(步骤I)。
实际上,如果引起电压变化,由于本发明提出利用由蓄电池所供给的直流电压供应电动马达ME进行工作,则有必要考虑螺线管燃料喷射器的电感的充电时间将随着实际施加的直流电压而变化的事实。但对于以已知且稳定的电压供应螺线管喷射器的现有技术的安装而言,进行这种考虑和适配并不是必需的。
因此,本发明提出例如从存储在发动机控制计算机的存储器中的标称设定开始,并且根据实时测量的电压来适配这些设定。实时测量的第二直流电压V2的该值被称为第二可用直流电压V2m。
因此,在步骤II中,测量第二可用直流电压V2m,以及发动机温度Tm、螺线管喷射器上游的压力Pm和发动机转速N。
发动机温度Tm可以由内燃推进发动机MCI的冷却液体的温度推导出,该冷却液体的温度通常是由发动机控制计算机所跟踪的参数并因此不需要添加额外的传感器。该参数影响汽缸中的燃烧质量并可能使得校正所设定的喷射参数。
由于螺线管喷射器的流量以及因此在给定的螺线管喷射器打开时间内喷射的体积可能会波动,因而跟踪螺线管喷射器上游的压力Pm也很重要。在现代直接喷射式发动机中,跟踪该压力Pm,并因此也不需要添加传感器至这些现有的传感器。
由于发动机转速N影响进行喷射的可用时间,所以发动机转速N也很重要。它是发动机控制计算机中所跟踪的基本量之一。
因此,通过使用由发动机控制计算机追踪并且可用的量,可以在激活螺线管喷射器之前的短时间内具有内燃推进发动机MCI的运行状况的准确了解。
在步骤III中,通过将第二可用直流电压V2m与阈值进行比较来评估第二可用直流电压V2m。在螺线管喷射器的标称控制电压是65V的所示示例中,阈值是60V。
如果第二可用直流电压V2m高于或等于该阈值60V,则不需要对喷射参数进行任何校正。在步骤IVb中,将补偿时间Ts设定为0,使得由Tic = Ti + Ts所定义的经校正喷射时间Tic在步骤V中与初始喷射时间Ti相同。
如果第二可用直流电压V2m低于该阈值60V,则校正喷射参数是必需的。通过考虑先前测量的影响因子,即发动机温度Tm、螺线管喷射器上游的压力Pm和发动机转速N来计算补偿时间Ts(步骤IVa)。即是补偿时间Ts的该校正因子记为Ts = f(V2m; Tm; Pm)。然后由此建立在步骤V中由Tic = Ti + Ts所定义的经校正喷射时间Tic。
步骤VI允许计算经校正喷射开始角度Aic,该角度Aic基于在步骤I中建立的喷射开始角度Ai减去与补偿时间Ts和发动机转速N有关的表示为g(N; Ts)的校正因子所定义。
这些校正因子可以基于计算法则或基于在试验期间针对每种类型的发动机所建立的计算图表所建立。
然后,内燃推进发动机MCI的发动机控制计算机使用这两个经校正参数,即经校正喷射时间Tic和经校正喷射开始角度Aic来监测由第二直流电压V2所直接供应的螺线管喷射器的电力供应。
在有利的变型中,在同一运行循环内包括每缸多次燃料喷射的策略的内燃推进发动机MCI的情况下,提出引入一致性测试,以便于确定所预设的多次喷射的次数是否可能。
如果满足所适配的控制参数的一致性测试,即如果所建立的总喷射时间与由内燃推进发动机MCI的运行条件所给的时间兼容,则保持所预设的多次喷射的次数。
如果不满足所适配的控制参数的一致性测试,即如果所建立的总喷射时间长于由内燃推进发动机MCI的运行条件所给的时间,则减少所预设的多次喷射的次数,即使意味着在最不利的情况下将次数限制为单次喷射。
本发明还涵盖可由计算机读取的记录介质,该记录介质上记录有计算机程序,该计算机程序包括用于执行如上所述的方法的步骤的程序代码指令。
最后,本发明涉及一种用于混合动力机动车辆的电子计算机,所述混合动力车辆一方面包括内燃推进发动机MCI并且另一方面包括电动马达ME,其特征在于,其包括用于实现根据前述特征的控制螺线管燃料喷射器的电力供应的方法的装置。
应该注意到,在不脱离本发明的范围的情况下,本发明可以容易地适用于除了上述仅螺线管喷射器之外的机动车辆内的其它致动器。
还应该注意到,本发明不应用于如在附图中描述的第二直流电压过度高于螺线管喷射器的最大允许电压(例如在400V电压下供应电动马达的情况)的情况。在附图中这种情况下,如果第二直流电压V2具有损坏螺线管喷射器的风险,则需要设置电压降压装置。

Claims (4)

1.一种用于在不使用DC电压升压器的情况下控制混合动力机动车辆的螺线管燃料喷射器的电力供应的方法,所述混合动力机动车辆一方面包括内燃推进发动机(MCI)并且另一方面包括电动马达(ME),所述混合动力机动车辆配备有第一电网和第二电网,所述第一电网被供应以第一直流电压(V1)且用于给所述内燃推进发动机(MCI)的发动机控制供电,并且所述第二电网被供应以第二直流电压(V2),所述第二直流电压(V2)高于所述第一直流电压(V1)但低于DC电压升压器的65V标称输出电压,并且旨在给所述电动马达(ME)供电,所述方法的特征在于,其包括以下步骤:
i. 将所述第二直流电压(V2)连接至所述螺线管燃料喷射器的电力供应,
ii. 读取所述第二直流电压的值(V2m),
iii. 基于步骤ii中所读取的值(V2m)、所述内燃推进发动机(MCI)的发动机转速(N)、所述内燃推进发动机(MCI)的温度(Tm)以及所述螺线管燃料喷射器上游的喷射压力(Pm),适配所述螺线管燃料喷射器的多个控制参数,
iv. 通过所述第二直流电压(V2)控制所述螺线管燃料喷射器,其中:
iv.a 在所述值(V2m)高于阈值的情况下,不改变所述喷射器的任何控制参数,所述阈值低于DC电压升压器的65V标称输出电压;而
iv.b 在所述值(V2m)低于所述阈值的情况下,改变所述喷射器的所述多个控制参数中的至少一个。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中,所述螺线管喷射器的所述控制参数是燃料喷射时间(Ti)和燃料喷射开始发动机角度(Ai)。
3.一种能够由计算机读取的记录介质,在所述记录介质上记录有计算机程序,所述计算机程序包括用于执行根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法的步骤的程序代码指令。
4.一种用于混合动力机动车辆的电子计算机,所述混合动力机动车辆一方面包括内燃推进发动机(MCI)并且另一方面包括电动马达(ME),其特征在于,所述电子计算机包括用于实施根据权利要求1-2中任一项所述的用于控制螺线管燃料喷射器的电力供应的方法的装置。
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