CN108134113A - A kind of reversible high temperature SOFC thermoelectric energies intelligence control system and method - Google Patents

A kind of reversible high temperature SOFC thermoelectric energies intelligence control system and method Download PDF

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CN108134113A
CN108134113A CN201711430474.XA CN201711430474A CN108134113A CN 108134113 A CN108134113 A CN 108134113A CN 201711430474 A CN201711430474 A CN 201711430474A CN 108134113 A CN108134113 A CN 108134113A
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fuel cell
connect
domain
control valve
output
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CN108134113B (en
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陆玉正
颜森林
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He Jiawei
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Nanjing Xiaozhuang University
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
    • H01M8/04029—Heat exchange using liquids
    • H—ELECTRICITY
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    • H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
    • H01M8/04052—Storage of heat in the fuel cell system
    • H—ELECTRICITY
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    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
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    • H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
    • H01M8/04067—Heat exchange or temperature measuring elements, thermal insulation, e.g. heat pipes, heat pumps, fins
    • H01M8/04074—Heat exchange unit structures specially adapted for fuel cell
    • H—ELECTRICITY
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    • H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
    • H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
    • H01M8/04097—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with recycling of the reactants
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    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
    • H01M8/0432—Temperature; Ambient temperature
    • H01M8/04365—Temperature; Ambient temperature of other components of a fuel cell or fuel cell stacks
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    • H01M8/04537—Electric variables
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    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
    • H01M8/04701—Temperature
    • H01M8/04731—Temperature of other components of a fuel cell or fuel cell stacks
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    • H01M8/04858—Electric variables
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    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
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    • H01M8/04992—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the implementation of mathematical or computational algorithms, e.g. feedback control loops, fuzzy logic, neural networks or artificial intelligence
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    • H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
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    • H01M8/2457—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells with both reactants being gaseous or vaporised
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    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
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    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells

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Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of reversible high temperature SOFC thermoelectric energies intelligence control system and method, which includes fuel cell pack, electric power system, Power Cycle, water system, solar energy system, the oxidant circulatory system and control system；Electric power system provides electric energy for whole system, and Power Cycle conveying fuel generates electricity to fuel cell pack and under control of the control system, and the reversible process of SOFC is controlled to realize the energy conversion of dump energy；Water system provides water source for system；Solar energy system is connect with fuel cell pack；The oxidant circulatory system provides oxidant for system.This method mainly controls the power of SOFC working conditions and output by fuzzy control method.The present invention not only makes SOFC and photovoltaic cogeneration, realizes continuous, stable, reliable electric power system, and the reversible process of SOFC is controlled to realize the efficient hydrogen manufacturing of dump energy, realizes the purpose of new energy energy storage.

Description

A kind of reversible high temperature SOFC thermoelectric energies intelligence control system and method
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of control device and methods, are intelligently controlled more particularly to a kind of reversible high temperature SOFC thermoelectric energies System and method processed.
Background technology
Fuel cell is that the chemical energy in fuel is switched to electric energy, and transfer process is not limited by Carnot cycle, conversion Efficiency reaches more than 80%.Wherein solid oxide fuel cell (solid oxide fuel cell, SOFC) has solid-state junction Structure is widely available concern without the advantages that noble metal catalyst.If SOFC is general, running temperature is higher, and the material of electrolyte is not Together, running temperature is also different, and general high temperature SOFC running temperatures are 800-1000 DEG C, and the running temperature of middle low temperature SOFC is general At 500-800 DEG C.If by heat energy utilization, cogeneration is formed, overall efficiency reaches more than 90%.
But fuel cell is now subjected to the factors such as technology and cost and is never used widely, if can make The SOFC of low cost builds new system, realizes that one-machine-multi-function is combined to reduce indirectly with other new energy technologies Cost.
Invention content
Goal of the invention：The problem of existing of high cost for the above-mentioned prior art and deficiency, the present invention provides it is a kind of with Solar energy is organically combined, and realizes the efficient reversible high temperature SOFC thermoelectric energy intelligence control systems converted and store of energy And method.
Technical solution：A kind of reversible high temperature SOFC thermoelectric energy intelligence control systems of the present invention, the system include：Fuel Battery pile, electric power system, Power Cycle, water system, solar energy system, the oxidant circulatory system and control system；
The electric power system provides electric energy for whole system；
The Power Cycle realizes that conveying fuel generates electricity to fuel cell pack and under control of the control system, And the reversible process of SOFC is controlled to realize the energy conversion of dump energy；
The water system provides a system to cooling water to cool down the fuel of high temperature all the way, and another way and fuel enter together Fuel cell pack；
The solar energy system includes solar energy heat-storage device and solar collector, the Single port of the solar energy heat-storage device It is connect with solar collector, the other end is connected in fuel cell pack；
The oxidant circulatory system provides oxidant for system；
The control system is used to control the operating status of whole system.
Further, the fuel cell pack includes stack body, insulating layer and battery pile heat accumulation working medium；
The fuel cell reator body and battery pile heat accumulation working medium are set in insulating layer, the battery pile heat accumulation working medium position In the both ends of fuel cell main body, and it is connect respectively with solar energy heat-storage device；
Be provided on the insulating layer fuel cell anode, oxidant inlet, oxidant outlet, fuel outlet, fuel into Mouth and fuel cell anode；
The fuel cell anode and fuel cell anode are connect with electric power system, and the Power Cycle passes through described Fuel outlet and fuel inlet are connect with fuel cell pack, and the oxidant circulatory system is gone out by oxidant inlet and oxidant Mouth is connect with fuel cell pack.
Further, the electric power system include photovoltaic cell dc chopper, inverter, AC load, photovoltaic array, Fuel cell DC chopper and electrolysis direct current chopper；
Input of the anode, cathode of the fuel cell pack respectively with fuel cell DC chopper is connect, fuel cell The output of dc chopper and the input of inverter connect, and the output of inverter and the input of AC load connect, and form first Current supply circuit；
The output of the photovoltaic array is connect with the input of photovoltaic cell dc chopper, and photovoltaic cell dc chopper is defeated Go out the input with inverter to connect, the output of inverter and the input of AC load connect, and form the second current supply circuit；
The output of the photovoltaic array is connect with the input of photovoltaic cell dc chopper, and photovoltaic cell dc chopper is defeated Going out and connect with the input of electrolysis direct current chopper, the output of electrolysis direct current chopper and the anode of fuel cell pack, cathode connect, Form third current supply circuit.
Further, the Power Cycle includes hydrogen outlet heat exchanger, hydrogen container and coupling cock；
First input port of the hydrogen outlet heat exchanger is connect with fuel cell pack, and the second input port connects with water system It connects, the first delivery outlet is connect with hydrogen container, the first input that the second delivery outlet passes through circulating water intake electric control valve and coupling cock Mouth connection, hydrogen outlet heat exchanger are connect with oxygen outlet heat exchanger using heat exchange pipeline；
The delivery outlet of the hydrogen container is connected by the second input port of recycle hydrogen import electric control valve and coupling cock；
The third input port of the coupling cock is connected by hydrogen inlet electric control valve and hydrogen supply, and third input port leads to Vapor import electric control valve is crossed to connect with water system；The output of the coupling cock is connect with fuel cell pack.
Further, the oxidant circulatory system includes oxygen container and oxygen outlet heat exchanger；The oxygen outlet changes Hot device import is connect with fuel cell pack, and outlet is connect with the input port of oxygen container, and the delivery outlet of oxygen container passes through oxidant Import electric control valve is connect with fuel cell pack.
Further, the control system includes acquisition module and controller, the acquisition module acquisition AC load Demand power P1, the output power P2 of fuel cell pack, the temperature T1 of the output power P3 of photovoltaic array and fuel cell pack, too It is positive can thermal storage device temperature T2, the signal of acquisition is sent to controller, controller output respectively with cooling water inlet electric control valve Control port F6, the control port F5 of vapor import electric control valve, the control port F4 of hydrogen inlet electric control valve, cycle The control of the control port F3 of hydrogen import electric control valve, the control port F2, heat exchanger electric control valve of circulating water intake electric control valve Port F1 processed, the control port C1 of photovoltaic cell dc chopper, the control port C2 of inverter, fuel cell DC chopper Control port C3, electrolysis direct current chopper control port C4 connections.
In another embodiment, a kind of reversible high temperature SOFC thermoelectric energy intelligence control systems, the system includes：Fuel cell Heap, coupling cock, photovoltaic cell dc chopper, inverter, AC load, oxygen container, oxygen outlet heat exchanger, hydrogen outlet change Hot device, hydrogen container, solar energy heat-storage device, disk type solar collector, photovoltaic array, cooling water inlet electric control valve, vapor Import electric control valve, hydrogen inlet electric control valve, recycle hydrogen import electric control valve, circulating water intake electric control valve, fuel cell Dc chopper, electrolysis direct current chopper, acquisition module, controller, heat exchanger electric control valve and oxidant inlet electric control valve；
Input of the anode, cathode of the fuel cell pack respectively with fuel cell DC chopper is connect, fuel cell The output of dc chopper and the input of inverter connect, and the output of inverter and the input of AC load connect, and form first Current supply circuit；
The output of the photovoltaic array is connect with the input of photovoltaic cell dc chopper, and photovoltaic cell dc chopper is defeated Go out the input with inverter to connect, the output of inverter and the input of AC load connect, and form the second current supply circuit；
The output of the photovoltaic array is connect with the input of photovoltaic cell dc chopper, and photovoltaic cell dc chopper is defeated Going out and connect with the input of electrolysis direct current chopper, the output of electrolysis direct current chopper and the anode of fuel cell pack, cathode connect, Form third current supply circuit；
First current supply circuit, the second current supply circuit, third current supply circuit control three current supply circuits by control circuit Working condition.
Further, the control circuit connection mode is：
Acquisition module acquisition the demand power P1 of AC load, the output power P2 of fuel cell pack, photovoltaic array it is defeated Go out the temperature T1 of power P 3 and fuel cell pack, the temperature T2 of solar energy heat-storage device, the signal of acquisition is sent to controller, control Device output respectively with the control port F6 of cooling water inlet electric control valve, control port F5, the hydrogen of vapor import electric control valve The control port F4 of gas import electric control valve, the control port F3 of recycle hydrogen import electric control valve, circulating water intake electric control valve Control port F2, the control port F1 of heat exchanger electric control valve, photovoltaic cell dc chopper control port C1, inverter Control port C2, fuel cell DC chopper control port C3, electrolysis direct current chopper control port C4 connections.
Further, the fuel cell pack includes：Stack body, insulating layer, fuel cell anode, oxidant into Mouth, battery pile heat accumulation working medium, oxidant outlet, fuel outlet, fuel inlet and fuel cell anode；
The disk type solar collector is connect with solar energy heat-storage device using heat exchange pipeline, solar energy heat-storage device opposite side It is connected using the battery pile heat accumulation working medium of heat exchange pipeline and fuel cell pack；
The oxidant outlet of the oxygen outlet heat exchanger import and fuel cell pack connects, and oxygen outlet heat exchanger goes out Mouth is connect with the import of oxygen container, and the outlet of oxygen container is connect with the import of oxidant inlet electric control valve, oxidant inlet electricity Control valve outlet fuel battery pile oxidant inlet connection, the import of oxidant inlet electric control valve be also parallel with oxidant into Mouthful；
The import of the hydrogen outlet heat exchanger and the fuel outlet of fuel cell pack connect, the hydrogen of hydrogen outlet heat exchanger Gas outlet is connect with the import of hydrogen container, and the outlet of hydrogen container and the first import of coupling cock connect；Hydrogen outlet heat exchanger The second import connection of water out and coupling cock, hydrogen outlet heat exchanger are connect with oxygen outlet heat exchanger using heat exchange pipeline；
The third import of the coupling cock is connected with hydrogen supply, and the 4th import of coupling cock is connect with water system.
In another embodiment, a kind of reversible high temperature SOFC thermoelectric energy intelligent control methods, the fuel cell stack operation In SOEC patterns and SOFC patterns, the switching of both of which is based on fuzzy control, and specific control method is：
(1) input/output variable is determined
Error e of the input one of fuzzy controller for fuel cell pack real output and target power；
The input two of fuzzy controller is the change rate de/dt of error e, and the fuel cell pack real output is PF-cell, target power P, P=Pload-Ppv, PloadTo load required power, PpvOutput power for photovoltaic array；
It exports as u, works as u>When 0, fuel cell stack operation is in SOFC states, the value size control hydrogen inlet electrically-controlled valve of u The aperture of door, recycle hydrogen import electric control valve, oxidant inlet electric control valve, works as u<When 0, fuel cell stack operation is in SOEC shapes State, the value size control vapor import electric control valve of u, circulating water intake electric control valve, oxidant inlet electric control valve are opened The control phase angle of degree and electrolysis direct current chopper；
(2) input/output variable domain and quantizing factor
The basic domain of error e is designed as (- 20kW ,+20kW), by normalized：
Wherein, aeThe left side of basic domain for error e, beThe right of basic domain for error e, xeBase for error e Variable in this domain, xe' be error e basic domain normalization after standard domain；
The continuous variable of (- 20Kw ,+20kW) is converted into the consecutive variations amount between (- 6 ,+6), then changes this Amount is divided into 7 linguistic variable E, i.e., honest (PB), center (PM), just small (PS), zero (ZR), bear small (NS), it is negative in (NM), negative big (NB)；
Further the domain of selected linguistic variable E is：
X={ -6, -5, -4, -3, -2, -1,0 ,+1 ,+2 ,+3 ,+4 ,+5 ,+6 } (2)；
Then obtain the quantizing factor Ke=6/20=0.3 of error e；
It designs to describe the membership function of fuzzy subset as normal function on domain X again, i.e.,：
Wherein, σ1The width of membership function for domain X, c1The center of membership function for domain X, μ1(x) it represents The membership function of domain X；
Further establish the assignment table of linguistic variable E；
The basic domain of the change rate de/dt of error e is (- 5kW/s ,+5Kw/s)；
By normalized：
Wherein, aecThe left side of the basic domain of change rate de/dt for error e, becChange rate de/dt's for error e The right of basic domain, xecFor the variable in the basic domain of the change rate de/dt of error e, xe′cIt is the change rate of error e Standard domain after the basic domain normalization of de/dt；
The continuous variable of (- 5kW/s ,+5Kw/s) is converted into the consecutive variations amount between (- 6 ,+6), then becomes this Change amount is divided into 7 linguistic variable EC, i.e., honest (PB), center (PM), just small (PS), zero (ZR), bear small (NS), it is negative in (NM), Negative big (NB)；
Further the domain of selected linguistic variable EC is：
Y={ -6, -5, -4, -3, -2, -1,0 ,+1 ,+2 ,+3 ,+4 ,+5 ,+6 } (5)；
Then obtain the quantizing factor Kec=6/5=1.2 of error e；
It designs to describe the membership function of fuzzy subset as normal function on domain Y again, i.e.,：
Wherein, σ2The width of membership function for domain Y, c2The center of membership function for domain Y, μ2(x) it represents The membership function of domain Y；
Further establish the assignment table of linguistic variable EC；
The basic domains of output variable u are (- 60kW ,+60kW)；
By normalized：
Wherein, auThe left side of basic domain for error u, buThe right of basic domain for error u, xuBase for error u Variable in this domain, xu' be error u basic domain normalization after standard domain；
The continuous variable of (- 60kW ,+60kW) is converted into the consecutive variations amount between (- 6 ,+6), then changes this Amount is divided into 7 linguistic variable U, i.e., honest (PB), center (PM), just small (PS), zero (ZR), bear small (NS), it is negative in (NM), negative big (NB)；
Further the domain of selected linguistic variable U is：
Z={ -6, -5, -4, -3, -2, -1,0 ,+1 ,+2 ,+3 ,+4 ,+5 ,+6 } (8)；
Then obtain the quantizing factor Ku=6/60=0.1 of output variable U；
Design is normal function to describe the membership function of fuzzy subset on domain Z, i.e.,：
Wherein, σ3The width of membership function for domain Z, c3The center of membership function for domain Z, μ3(x) it represents The membership function of domain Z；
Further establish the assignment table of linguistic variable U；
(3) design of fuzzy control rule
Design fuzzy control rule principle be when error is big or it is larger when, select controlled quentity controlled variable using eliminate as early as possible error as It is main, and when error is small or smaller, controlled quentity controlled variable is selected to control overshoot；
(4) ambiguity solution
Ambiguity solution carries out ambiguity solution using maximum membership degree method.
Advantageous effect：Compared with prior art, the present invention mainly by fuzzy control method control SOFC working conditions with And the power of output.The present invention is not only so that SOFC and solar energy power generating cogeneration, realization is continuous, stablizes, is reliable Electric power system moreover, the reversible process of control SOFC realizes the efficient hydrogen manufacturing of dump energy, realizes the purpose of new energy energy storage. The present invention realizes being integrated of technology of efficiency power generation and efficient hydrogen manufacturing.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is present system structure diagram；
Fig. 2 is stack structure for fuel battery block diagram；
Fig. 3 is fuel cell pack fuzzy controller schematic diagram.
Specific embodiment
In the following with reference to the drawings and specific embodiments, the present invention is furture elucidated, it should be understood that these embodiments are merely to illustrate The present invention rather than limit the scope of the invention.
As shown in Figure 1, a kind of reversible high temperature SOFC thermoelectric energy intelligence control systems, including：Fuel cell pack 1, unicom Valve 2, photovoltaic cell dc chopper 3, inverter 4, AC load 5, oxygen container 6, oxygen outlet heat exchanger 7, hydrogen outlet change Hot device 8, hydrogen container 9, solar energy heat-storage device 10, disk type solar collector 11, photovoltaic array 12, cooling water inlet electric control valve 13rd, vapor import electric control valve 14, hydrogen inlet electric control valve 15, recycle hydrogen import electric control valve 16, circulating water intake electricity It is automatically controlled to control valve 17, fuel cell DC chopper 18, electrolysis direct current chopper 19, acquisition module 20, controller 21, heat exchanger Valve 22 and oxidant inlet electric control valve 23.
Input of the anode, cathode of the fuel cell pack 1 respectively with fuel cell DC chopper 18 is connect, fuel electricity The output of pond dc chopper 18 is connect with the input of inverter 4, and the output of inverter 4 is connect with the input of AC load 5, structure Into the first current supply circuit.
The output of the photovoltaic array 12 is connect with the input of photovoltaic cell dc chopper 3, photovoltaic cell DC chopped-wave The output of device 3 is connect with the input of inverter 4, and the output of inverter 4 is connect with the input of AC load 5, is formed second and is powered back Road.
The output of the photovoltaic array 12 is connect with the input of photovoltaic cell dc chopper 3, photovoltaic cell DC chopped-wave The output of device 3 is connect with the input of electrolysis direct current chopper 19, and the output of electrolysis direct current chopper 19 and fuel cell pack 1 are just Pole, cathode connection, form third current supply circuit.
First current supply circuit, the second current supply circuit, third current supply circuit control three current supply circuits by control circuit Working condition.
The control circuit connection mode is：
Acquisition module 20 acquires output power P2, the photovoltaic array of the demand power P1 of AC load 5, fuel cell pack 1 The 12 output power P3 and temperature T1 of fuel cell pack 1, the temperature T2 of solar energy heat-storage device 10, the signal of acquisition is sent to control Device 21 processed, controller 21 export respectively with the control port F6 of cooling water inlet electric control valve 13, vapor import electric control valve 14 control port F5, the control port F4 of hydrogen inlet electric control valve 15, recycle hydrogen import electric control valve 16 control port F3, the control port F2 of circulating water intake electric control valve 17, the control port F1 of heat exchanger electric control valve 22, photovoltaic cell direct current The control port C1 of chopper 3, the control port C2 of inverter 4, the control port C3 of fuel cell DC chopper 18, electrolysis The control port C4 connections of dc chopper 19.
As shown in Fig. 2, the fuel cell pack 1 is by stack body 1-1, insulating layer 1-2, fuel cell anode 1-3, oxygen Agent import 1-4, battery pile heat accumulation working medium 1-5, oxidant outlet 1-6, fuel outlet 1-7, fuel inlet mouth 1-8, fuel electricity Pond anode 1-9.
The disk type solar collector 11 is connect with solar energy heat-storage device 10 using heat exchange pipeline, solar energy heat-storage device 10 Opposite side is connect using heat exchange pipeline with the battery pile heat accumulation working medium 1-5 of fuel cell pack 1.
7 import of oxygen outlet heat exchanger is connect with the oxidant outlet 1-6 of fuel cell pack 1, oxygen outlet heat exchange The outlet of device 7 is connect with the import of oxygen container 6, and the outlet of oxygen container 6 is connect with the import of oxidant inlet electric control valve 23, oxygen The 1 oxidant inlet 1-4 connections of outlet fuel battery pile of agent import electric control valve 23,23 import of oxidant inlet electric control valve Also it is parallel with oxidant inlet.
The import of hydrogen outlet heat exchanger 8 is connect with the fuel outlet 1-7 of fuel cell pack 1, hydrogen outlet heat exchanger 8 Hydrogen outlet is connect with the import of hydrogen container 9, and the outlet of hydrogen container 9 is connect with the first import of coupling cock 2.
The water out of hydrogen outlet heat exchanger 8 is connect with the second import of coupling cock 2, hydrogen outlet heat exchanger 8 and oxygen Heat exchanger 7 is exported to connect using heat exchange pipeline.
The third import of coupling cock 2 is connected with hydrogen supply, and the 4th import and the water supply of coupling cock 2 connect.
A kind of reversible high temperature SOFC thermoelectric energy intelligence control systems, fuel cell pack 1 can be operated in SOEC patterns and SOFC patterns, the switching of both of which is based on fuzzy control, as shown in figure 3, the specific control method of fuzzy control is：
The first step：Determine input/output variable
Error e of first input of fuzzy controller for 1 real output of fuel cell pack and target power, Fuzzy Control Change rate de/dt of second input of device processed for error e；1 real output of fuel cell pack is PF-cell, target work( Rate is P, P=Pload-Ppv, PloadTo load required power, PpvOutput power for photovoltaic array 12；
The output of fuzzy controller is u, works as u>When 0, fuel cell pack 1 is operated in SOFC states, the value size control hydrogen of u Gas import electric control valve 15, recycle hydrogen import electric control valve 16, oxidant inlet electric control valve 23 aperture, work as u<When 0, fuel Battery pile 1 is operated in SOEC states, the value size control vapor import electric control valve 14 of u, circulating water intake electric control valve 17, The aperture of oxidant inlet electric control valve 23 and the control phase angle of electrolysis direct current chopper 19.
Second step：Input/output variable domain and quantizing factor
The basic domain of error e is designed as (- 20kW ,+20kW), by normalized：
Wherein, aeThe left side of basic domain for error e, i.e., -20, beThe right of basic domain for error e, i.e. ,+20, xeFor the variable in the basic domain of error e, xe∈ (- 20 ,+20), xe' be error e basic domain normalization after standard opinion Domain；Between the basic domain (- 20 ,+20) of error e is changed to standard domain (- 6 ,+6), i.e. xe′∈(-6,+6)。
The continuous variable of (- 20Kw ,+20kW) is converted into the consecutive variations amount between (- 6 ,+6), then changes this Amount is divided into 7 linguistic variable E, i.e., honest (PB), center (PM), just small (PS), zero (ZR), bear small (NS), it is negative in (NM), negative big (NB)；
Further the domain of selected linguistic variable E is：
X={ -6, -5, -4, -3, -2, -1,0 ,+1 ,+2 ,+3 ,+4 ,+5 ,+6 } (2)；
The quantizing factor Ke=6/20=0.3 of error e is then obtained,
It designs to describe the membership function of fuzzy subset as normal function on domain X again, i.e.,：
Wherein, σ1The width of membership function for domain X, c1The center of membership function for domain X, μ1(x) it represents The membership function of domain X；xe' be error e basic domain normalization after standard domain.
The assignment table for further establishing linguistic variable E is：
Table 1
The basic domain of the change rate de/dt of error e is (- 5kW/s ,+5Kw/s).
By normalized：
Wherein, aecThe left side of the basic domain of change rate de/dt for error e, becChange rate de/dt's for error e The right of basic domain, xecFor the variable in the basic domain of the change rate de/dt of error e, xe′cIt is the change rate of error e Standard domain after the basic domain normalization of de/dt.
The continuous variable of (- 5kW/s ,+5Kw/s) is converted into the consecutive variations amount between (- 6 ,+6), then becomes this Change amount is divided into 7 linguistic variable EC, i.e., honest (PB), center (PM), just small (PS), zero (ZR), bear small (NS), it is negative in (NM), Negative big (NB).
Further the domain of selected linguistic variable EC is：
Y={ -6, -5, -4, -3, -2, -1,0 ,+1 ,+2 ,+3 ,+4 ,+5 ,+6 } (5)；
Then obtain the quantizing factor Kec=6/5=1.2 of error e.
It designs to describe the membership function of fuzzy subset as normal function on domain Y again, i.e.,：
Wherein, σ2The width of membership function for domain Y, c2The center of membership function for domain Y, μ2(x) it represents The membership function of domain Y.
The assignment table for further establishing linguistic variable EC is：
Table 2
The basic domains of output variable u are (- 60kW ,+60kW).
By normalized：
Wherein, auThe left side of basic domain for error u, buThe right of basic domain for error u, xuBase for error u Variable in this domain, xu' be error u basic domain normalization after standard domain.
The continuous variable of (- 60kW ,+60kW) is converted into the consecutive variations amount between (- 6 ,+6), then changes this Amount is divided into 7 linguistic variable U, i.e., honest (PB), center (PM), just small (PS), zero (ZR), bear small (NS), it is negative in (NM), negative big (NB)。
Further the domain of selected linguistic variable U is：
Z={ -6, -5, -4, -3, -2, -1,0 ,+1 ,+2 ,+3 ,+4 ,+5 ,+6 } (8)；
Then obtain the quantizing factor Ku=6/60=0.1 of output variable U.
Design is normal function to describe the membership function of fuzzy subset on domain Z, i.e.,：
Wherein, σ3The width of membership function for domain Z, c3The center of membership function for domain Z, μ3(x) it represents The membership function of domain Z.
The assignment table for further establishing linguistic variable U is：
Table 3
Third walks, the design of fuzzy control rule
Design fuzzy control rule principle be when error is big or it is larger when, select controlled quentity controlled variable using eliminate as early as possible error as It is main, and when error is small or smaller, controlled quentity controlled variable is selected to control overshoot；
Fuzzy control rule table is as follows：
Table 4
Fuzzy control rule is further illustrated according to table 4 with following four fuzzy control sentence：
(1)：IF e is PS and de/dt is PS then u is NS are (if that is, error e is just small, and error The change rate de/dt of e is just small, then output variable u is negative small)；
(2)：IF e is ZO and de/dt is PS then u is NS are (if that is, error e is zero, and error e Change rate de/dt be just small, then output variable u is negative small)；
(3)：IF e is ZO and de/dt is PM then u is NM are (if that is, error e is zero, and error e Change rate de/dt be center, then output variable u is negative small)；
(4)：IF e is PS and de/dt is PM then u is NM are (if that is, error e is just small, and error The change rate de/dt of e is just small, then during output variable u is negative).
4th step, ambiguity solution
Ambiguity solution carries out ambiguity solution using maximum membership degree method.
A kind of reversible high temperature SOFC thermoelectric energy intelligence control systems, 600 DEG C of thermostatic controls of thermal energy, control process are： SOFC patterns are identical with SOFC pattern thermal energy thermostatic control schemes, and specific control program is：
Temperature sensor T1 is mounted on inside fuel cell pack 1, and the temperature of fuel cell pack 1 is less than running temperature, heat exchange The valve opening of device electric control valve 22 increases, and the refrigerant flow rate in heat exchange pipeline increases, the temperature rise of fuel cell pack 1, instead It, then reduce the valve opening of heat exchanger electric control valve 22, reduces the running temperature of fuel cell pack 1；Heat energy source and dish-style Solar thermal collector 11, disk type solar collector 11 convert solar energy into thermal energy, solar energy heat-storage device 10 and the dish-style sun Energy heat collector 11 is connected using pipeline, and working medium can flow between solar energy heat-storage device 10 and disk type solar collector 11, Solar energy is stored in solar energy heat-storage device 10, the thermal energy of solar energy heat-storage device 10 can be heated by heat exchange pipeline and working medium Fuel cell pack 1.

Claims (10)

1. a kind of reversible high temperature SOFC thermoelectric energy intelligence control systems, which is characterized in that the system includes：Fuel cell pack (1), electric power system, Power Cycle, water system, solar energy system, the oxidant circulatory system and control system；
The electric power system provides electric energy for whole system；
The Power Cycle realizes that conveying fuel generates electricity to fuel cell pack and under control of the control system, and control The reversible process of SOFC processed realizes the energy conversion of dump energy；
The water system provides a system to cooling water to cool down the fuel of high temperature all the way, and another way and fuel enter fuel together Battery pile；
The solar energy system include solar energy heat-storage device and solar collector, the Single port of the solar energy heat-storage device with too Positive energy collector connection, the other end are connected in fuel cell pack；
The oxidant circulatory system provides oxidant for system；
The control system is used to control the operating status of whole system.
2. a kind of reversible high temperature SOFC thermoelectric energy intelligence control systems according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：It is described Fuel cell pack includes stack body (1-1), insulating layer (1-2) and battery pile heat accumulation working medium (1-5)；
The fuel cell reator body and battery pile heat accumulation working medium are set in insulating layer, and the battery pile heat accumulation working medium is located at combustion Expect the both ends of battery body, and connect respectively with solar energy heat-storage device；
Fuel cell anode (1-3), oxidant inlet (1-4), oxidant outlet (1-6), fuel are provided on the insulating layer Export (1-7), fuel inlet (1-8) and fuel cell anode (1-9)；
The fuel cell anode (1-3) and fuel cell anode (1-9) are connect with electric power system, and the Power Cycle leads to It crosses the fuel outlet (1-7) and fuel inlet (1-8) is connect with fuel cell pack, the oxidant circulatory system passes through oxidation Agent import (1-4) and oxidant outlet are connect with fuel cell pack.
3. a kind of reversible high temperature SOFC thermoelectric energy intelligence control systems according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：It is described Electric power system includes photovoltaic cell dc chopper (3), inverter (4), AC load (5), photovoltaic array (12), fuel cell Dc chopper (18) and electrolysis direct current chopper (19)；
Input of the anode, cathode of the fuel cell pack (1) respectively with fuel cell DC chopper (18) is connect, fuel electricity The output of pond dc chopper (18) is connect with the input of inverter (4), and the output of inverter (4) is defeated with AC load (5) Enter connection, form the first current supply circuit；
The output of the photovoltaic array (12) is connect with the input of photovoltaic cell dc chopper (3), photovoltaic cell DC chopped-wave Device (3) output is connect with the input of inverter (4), and the output of inverter (4) is connect with the input of AC load (5), composition the Two current supply circuits；
The output of the photovoltaic array (12) is connect with the input of photovoltaic cell dc chopper (3), photovoltaic cell DC chopped-wave Device (3) output is connect with the input of electrolysis direct current chopper (19), the output of electrolysis direct current chopper (19) and fuel cell pack (1) anode, cathode connection, form third current supply circuit.
4. a kind of reversible high temperature SOFC thermoelectric energy intelligence control systems according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：It is described Power Cycle includes hydrogen outlet heat exchanger (8), hydrogen container (9) and coupling cock (2)；
First input port of the hydrogen outlet heat exchanger is connect with fuel cell pack, and the second input port is connect with water system, First delivery outlet is connect with hydrogen container, the first input that the second delivery outlet passes through circulating water intake electric control valve (17) and coupling cock Mouth connection, hydrogen outlet heat exchanger (8) are connect with oxygen outlet heat exchanger (7) using heat exchange pipeline；
The delivery outlet of the hydrogen container is connect by recycle hydrogen import electric control valve (16) with the second input port of coupling cock；
The third input port of the coupling cock is connected by hydrogen inlet electric control valve (15) and hydrogen supply, and third input port leads to Vapor import electric control valve is crossed to connect with water system；The output of the coupling cock is connect with fuel cell pack.
5. a kind of reversible high temperature SOFC thermoelectric energy intelligence control systems according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：It is described The oxidant circulatory system includes oxygen container (6) and oxygen outlet heat exchanger (7)；Oxygen outlet heat exchanger (7) import and combustion Expect battery pile connection, outlet is connect with the input port of oxygen container, and the delivery outlet of oxygen container passes through oxidant inlet electric control valve It is connect with fuel cell pack.
6. a kind of reversible high temperature SOFC thermoelectric energy intelligence control systems according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：It is described Control system includes acquisition module (20) and controller (21), the demand work(of acquisition module (20) the acquisition AC load (5) Rate P1, the output power P2 of fuel cell pack (1), the output power P3 of photovoltaic array (12) and fuel cell pack (1) temperature The temperature T2 of T1, solar energy heat-storage device (10) send the signal of acquisition to controller (21), controller (21) output respectively with it is cold But control port F5, the hydrogen inlet of the control port F6 of water inlet electric control valve (13), vapor import electric control valve (14) The control port F4 of electric control valve (15), the control port F3 of recycle hydrogen import electric control valve (16), circulating water intake electrically-controlled valve The control of door the control port F2 of (17), the control port F1 of heat exchanger electric control valve (22), photovoltaic cell dc chopper (3) Port C1, the control port C2 of inverter (4), the control port C3 of fuel cell DC chopper (18), electrolysis direct current copped wave The control port C4 connections of device (19).
7. a kind of reversible high temperature SOFC thermoelectric energy intelligence control systems, which is characterized in that the system includes：Fuel cell pack (1), coupling cock (2), photovoltaic cell dc chopper (3), inverter (4), AC load (5), oxygen container (6), oxygen outlet Heat exchanger (7), hydrogen outlet heat exchanger (8), hydrogen container (9), solar energy heat-storage device (10), disk type solar collector (11), Photovoltaic array (12), cooling water inlet electric control valve (13), vapor import electric control valve (14), hydrogen inlet electric control valve (15), recycle hydrogen import electric control valve (16), circulating water intake electric control valve (17), fuel cell DC chopper (18), electricity Solve dc chopper (19), acquisition module (20), controller (21), heat exchanger electric control valve (22) and oxidant inlet electrically-controlled valve Door (23)；
Input of the anode, cathode of the fuel cell pack (1) respectively with fuel cell DC chopper (18) is connect, fuel electricity The output of pond dc chopper (18) is connect with the input of inverter (4), and the output of inverter (4) is defeated with AC load (5) Enter connection, form the first current supply circuit；
The output of the photovoltaic array (12) is connect with the input of photovoltaic cell dc chopper (3), photovoltaic cell DC chopped-wave Device (3) output is connect with the input of inverter (4), and the output of inverter (4) is connect with the input of AC load (5), composition the Two current supply circuits；
The output of the photovoltaic array (12) is connect with the input of photovoltaic cell dc chopper (3), photovoltaic cell DC chopped-wave Device (3) output is connect with the input of electrolysis direct current chopper (19), the output of electrolysis direct current chopper (19) and fuel cell pack (1) anode, cathode connection, form third current supply circuit；
First current supply circuit, the second current supply circuit, third current supply circuit are controlled the work of three current supply circuits by control circuit Make state.
8. a kind of reversible high temperature SOFC thermoelectric energy intelligence control systems according to claim 7, which is characterized in that described Control circuit connection mode is：
The demand power P1 of acquisition module (20) acquisition AC load (5), the output power P2 of fuel cell pack (1), photovoltaic battle array The output power P3 of (12) and the temperature T1 of fuel cell pack (1), the temperature T2 of solar energy heat-storage device (10) are arranged, by the letter of acquisition It number send to controller (21), controller (21) output is steamed respectively with the control port F6 of cooling water inlet electric control valve (13), water The control port F5 of gas import electric control valve (14), the control port F4 of hydrogen inlet electric control valve (15), recycle hydrogen import electricity Control the control port F3 of valve (16), control port F2, the heat exchanger electric control valve (22) of circulating water intake electric control valve (17) Control port F1, the control port C1 of photovoltaic cell dc chopper (3), inverter (4) control port C2, fuel cell The control port C4 connections of the control port C3, electrolysis direct current chopper (19) of dc chopper (18).
9. a kind of reversible high temperature SOFC thermoelectric energy intelligence control systems according to claim 7, which is characterized in that described Fuel cell pack (1) includes：Stack body (1-1), insulating layer (1-2), fuel cell anode (1-3), oxidant inlet (1- 4), battery pile heat accumulation working medium (1-5), oxidant outlet (1-6), fuel outlet (1-7), fuel inlet (1-8) and fuel cell Anode (1-9)；
The disk type solar collector (11) is connect with solar energy heat-storage device (10) using heat exchange pipeline, solar energy heat-storage device (10) opposite side is connect using heat exchange pipeline with the battery pile heat accumulation working medium (1-5) of fuel cell pack (1)；
Oxygen outlet heat exchanger (7) import is connect with the oxidant outlet (1-6) of fuel cell pack (1), and oxygen outlet changes The outlet of hot device (7) is connect with the import of oxygen container (6), outlet and the oxidant inlet electric control valve (23) of oxygen container (6) Import connects, outlet fuel battery pile (1) oxidant inlet (1-4) connection of oxidant inlet electric control valve (23), oxidant Import electric control valve (23) import is also parallel with oxidant inlet；
The import of the hydrogen outlet heat exchanger (8) is connect with the fuel outlet (1-7) of fuel cell pack (1), and hydrogen outlet changes The hydrogen outlet of hot device (8) is connect with the import of hydrogen container (9), and the outlet of hydrogen container (9) connects with the first import of coupling cock (2) It connects；The water out of hydrogen outlet heat exchanger (8) is connect with the second import of coupling cock (2), hydrogen outlet heat exchanger (8) and oxygen Outlet heat exchanger (7) is connected using heat exchange pipeline；
The third import of the coupling cock (2) is connected with hydrogen supply, and the 4th import of coupling cock (2) is connect with water system.
10. a kind of reversible high temperature SOFC thermoelectric energy intelligent control methods, which is characterized in that the fuel cell stack operation exists SOEC patterns and SOFC patterns, the switching of both of which are based on fuzzy control, and specific control method is：
(1) input/output variable is determined
Error e of the input one of fuzzy controller for fuel cell pack (1) real output and target power；
The input two of fuzzy controller is the change rate de/dt of error e, and fuel cell pack (1) real output is PF-cell, target power P, P=Pload-Ppv, PloadTo load required power, PpvOutput work for photovoltaic array (12) Rate；
It exports as u, works as u>When 0, fuel cell pack (1) is operated in SOFC states, the value size control hydrogen inlet electric control valve of u (15), the aperture of recycle hydrogen import electric control valve (16), oxidant inlet electric control valve (23), works as u<When 0, fuel cell pack (1) be operated in SOEC states, the value size control vapor import electric control valve (14) of u, circulating water intake electric control valve (17), The aperture of oxidant inlet electric control valve (23) and the control phase angle of electrolysis direct current chopper (19)；
(2) input/output variable domain and quantizing factor
The basic domain of error e is designed as (- 20kW ,+20kW), by normalized：
Wherein, aeThe left side of basic domain for error e, beThe right of basic domain for error e, xeBasic opinion for error e Variable in domain, x 'eIt is the standard domain after the basic domain of error e normalizes；
The continuous variable of (- 20Kw ,+20kW) is converted into the consecutive variations amount between (- 6 ,+6), then by this variable quantity point For 7 linguistic variable E, i.e., honest, center, it is just small, zero, it is negative it is small, negative in, it is negative big；
Further the domain of selected linguistic variable E is：
X={ -6, -5, -4, -3, -2, -1,0 ,+1 ,+2 ,+3 ,+4 ,+5 ,+6 } (2)；
Then obtain the quantizing factor Ke=6/20=0.3 of error e；
It designs to describe the membership function of fuzzy subset as normal function on domain X again, i.e.,：
Wherein, σ1The width of membership function for domain X, c1The center of membership function for domain X, μ1(x) domain is represented The membership function of X；
Further establish the assignment table of linguistic variable E；
The basic domain of the change rate de/dt of error e is (- 5kW/s ,+5Kw/s)；
By normalized：
Wherein, aecThe left side of the basic domain of change rate de/dt for error e, becChange rate de/dt's for error e is basic The right of domain, xecFor the variable in the basic domain of the change rate de/dt of error e, x 'ecIt is the change rate de/dt of error e Basic domain normalization after standard domain；
The continuous variable of (- 5kW/s ,+5Kw/s) is converted into the consecutive variations amount between (- 6 ,+6), then by this variable quantity Be divided into 7 linguistic variable EC, i.e., honest, center, it is just small, zero, it is negative it is small, negative in, it is negative big；
Further the domain of selected linguistic variable EC is：
Y={ -6, -5, -4, -3, -2, -1,0 ,+1 ,+2 ,+3 ,+4 ,+5 ,+6 } (5)；
Then obtain the quantizing factor Kec=6/5=1.2 of error e；
It designs to describe the membership function of fuzzy subset as normal function on domain Y again, i.e.,：
Wherein, σ2The width of membership function for domain Y, c2The center of membership function for domain Y, μ2(x) domain is represented The membership function of Y；
Further establish the assignment table of linguistic variable EC；
The basic domains of output variable u are (- 60kW ,+60kW)；
By normalized：
Wherein, auThe left side of basic domain for error u, buThe right of basic domain for error u, xuBasic opinion for error u Variable in domain, x 'uIt is the standard domain after the basic domain of error u normalizes；
The continuous variable of (- 60kW ,+60kW) is converted into the consecutive variations amount between (- 6 ,+6), then by this variable quantity point For 7 linguistic variable U, i.e., honest, center, it is just small, zero, it is negative it is small, negative in, it is negative big；
Further the domain of selected linguistic variable U is：
Z={ -6, -5, -4, -3, -2, -1,0 ,+1 ,+2 ,+3 ,+4 ,+5 ,+6 } (8)；
Then obtain the quantizing factor Ku=6/60=0.1 of output variable U；
Design is normal function to describe the membership function of fuzzy subset on domain Z, i.e.,：
Wherein, σ3The width of membership function for domain Z, c3The center of membership function for domain Z, μ3(x) domain is represented The membership function of Z；
Further establish the assignment table of linguistic variable U；
(3) design of fuzzy control rule
The principle of design fuzzy control rule be when error is big or it is larger when, select controlled quentity controlled variable to eliminate as early as possible based on error, And when error is small or smaller, controlled quentity controlled variable is selected to control overshoot；
(4) ambiguity solution
Ambiguity solution carries out ambiguity solution using maximum membership degree method.
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