CN108039852A - A kind of Hydrogen Energy and the cogeneration system and its method of work of solar energy complementation - Google Patents
A kind of Hydrogen Energy and the cogeneration system and its method of work of solar energy complementation Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN108039852A CN108039852A CN201711278912.5A CN201711278912A CN108039852A CN 108039852 A CN108039852 A CN 108039852A CN 201711278912 A CN201711278912 A CN 201711278912A CN 108039852 A CN108039852 A CN 108039852A
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- Prior art keywords
- fuel cell
- proton exchange
- bus
- direct current
- cooling water
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- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 65
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 65
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 61
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 15
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 106
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 claims description 81
- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 claims description 32
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 31
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 claims description 27
- 230000008676 import Effects 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000008236 heating water Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003169 complementation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
- H02S10/00—PV power plants; Combinations of PV energy systems with other systems for the generation of electric power
- H02S10/10—PV power plants; Combinations of PV energy systems with other systems for the generation of electric power including a supplementary source of electric power, e.g. hybrid diesel-PV energy systems
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B30/00—Heat pumps
- F25B30/02—Heat pumps of the compression type
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
- H02S40/00—Components or accessories in combination with PV modules, not provided for in groups H02S10/00 - H02S30/00
- H02S40/30—Electrical components
- H02S40/38—Energy storage means, e.g. batteries, structurally associated with PV modules
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
- H02S40/00—Components or accessories in combination with PV modules, not provided for in groups H02S10/00 - H02S30/00
- H02S40/40—Thermal components
- H02S40/44—Means to utilise heat energy, e.g. hybrid systems producing warm water and electricity at the same time
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/60—Thermal-PV hybrids
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E70/00—Other energy conversion or management systems reducing GHG emissions
- Y02E70/30—Systems combining energy storage with energy generation of non-fossil origin
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of Hydrogen Energy and the cogeneration system of solar energy complementation, including proton exchange membrane fuel cell power generation system, vapor compression heat pump systems, solar photovoltaic generation system, dc bus and storage battery group, proton exchange membrane fuel cell power generation system, vapor compression heat pump systems, solar photovoltaic generation system and storage battery group are connected with dc bus, the electric current that proton exchange membrane fuel cell power generation system and solar photovoltaic generation system produce is stored in storage battery group or is driven vapor compression heat pump systems to work by dc bus, the waste heat of proton exchange membrane fuel cell power generation system also can be directly used for heat supply.The present invention can take into account the supply of electric energy and thermal energy, and flexibility is good；Heating efficiency is high, takes full advantage of the electric energy and waste heat of fuel cell；Comprehensive energy utilization rate is high.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to thermal power technical field, more particularly to a kind of Hydrogen Energy and the cogeneration system of solar energy complementation
And its method of work.
Background technology
Compared with direct electro heating, heat pump has higher heating efficiency (Energy Efficiency Ratio can generally reach more than 3), has and saves
The characteristics of electricity, energy-saving and environmental protection.But since heat pump stills need to consume high-grade electric energy, it is subject in the place application away from power grid
Limitation.
Solar-energy photo-voltaic cell can make full use of inexhaustible, nexhaustible and cheap sunlight to produce electricl energy,
It is a kind of cleaning, free of contamination generation mode, but since solar energy has the characteristics that intermittent, fine day has the cloudy day not have, daytime
Have does not have at night, therefore is needing the local and inconvenient to use of stable energy supply.
Hydrogen fuel cell electricity generation system makees fuel using hydrogen, and the product of reaction only has water, is equally a kind of cleaning, pollution-free
Generation mode.But hydrogen is expensive used in hydrogen fuel cell, and the practical efficiency of fuel cell at present only has 50%
Left and right, that is, the Hydrogen Energy for inputting fuel cell only have 50% can change into electric energy, and remaining 50% energy is white all in the form of heat
Discharge in vain, without being fully utilized.
The content of the invention
In view of this, the embodiment provides one kind comprehensive utilization Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells, solar energy
The advantages of lying prostrate battery, heat pump each, and its shortcoming is avoided, realize cogeneration system and its work of Hydrogen Energy and solar energy complementation
Method.
The embodiment of the present invention provides the cogeneration system of a kind of Hydrogen Energy and solar energy complementation, including proton exchange membrane combustion
Expect battery generating system, vapor compression heat pump systems, solar photovoltaic generation system, dc bus and storage battery group, it is described
Proton exchange membrane fuel cell power generation system, vapor compression heat pump systems, solar photovoltaic generation system and storage battery group are equal
It is connected with dc bus, the electric current that the proton exchange membrane fuel cell power generation system and solar photovoltaic generation system produce leads to
Cross dc bus be stored in storage battery group or drive give vapor compression heat pump systems work, the vapor compression heat pump system
System includes direct current refrigeration compressor, and electric current is supplied to direct current refrigeration compressor, the direct current refrigerant compression by the dc bus
Machine operates and then drives the vapor compression heat pump systems to realize heat supply, meanwhile, proton exchange membrane fuel cell power generation system
Waste heat can also be directly used in heat supply.
Further, the solar photovoltaic generation system include photovoltaic array, the first DC-DC converter with
And corresponding connecting wire, first switch is equipped between the photovoltaic array and the first DC-DC converter, it is described
Photovoltaic array includes one or more solar cell modules, and the direct current of the photovoltaic array output is through the
One DC-DC converter is converted to stable DC electricity；The photovoltaic array, which has, exports positive wire connection terminal and output
There is the negative wire connection terminal of the positive wire connection terminal of input, input, output just to connect for negative wire connection terminal, first DC-DC converter
Line terminals and the negative wire connection terminal of output, the positive wire connection terminal of output of the photovoltaic array connect the first DC-dc conversion
The positive wire connection terminal of input of device, the negative wire connection terminal of output of the photovoltaic array connect the first DC-DC converter
The negative wire connection terminal of input；The positive wire connection terminal of output of first DC-DC converter meets the positive wire of dc bus, institute
The negative wire connection terminal of output for stating the first DC-DC converter connects the cathode conductor of dc bus.
Further, the vapor compression heat pump systems further include indoor heat exchanger, indoor fan, restricting element,
Outdoor heat exchanger, outside fan and corresponding connecting line, the direct current refrigeration compressor, indoor heat exchanger, throttling
Element and outdoor heat exchanger are sequentially connected by corresponding connecting line, and the indoor fan is located at indoor heat exchanger
Side, the outside fan are located at the side of outdoor heat exchanger, the direct current refrigeration compressor, indoor heat exchanger, section
Refrigerant is filled with fluid element, outdoor heat exchanger and corresponding connecting line, the indoor heat exchanger and outside are changed
Hot device is the heat exchanger of refrigerant and air, and the indoor fan and outside fan are respectively used to heat exchange on the inside of accelerating chamber
The cross-ventilation of device and outdoor heat exchanger.
Further, the proton exchange membrane fuel cell power generation system includes proton exchange film fuel cell electric piling, hydrogen
Supply system, air supply system, the second DC-DC converter, water pump, cooling water tank, radiator fan, expansion tank, set
In indoor radiator and corresponding connecting line, the proton exchange film fuel cell electric piling connects hydrogen supply system
And air supply system, the proton exchange film fuel cell electric piling connect the second DC-DC converter by second switch,
The cooling water inlet of the proton exchange film fuel cell electric piling is connected with the outlet of water pump, the import of the water pump and water of radiation
The import of case is connected, the cooling water outlet connection cooling water tank import of the proton exchange film fuel cell electric piling and heat loss through radiation
The import of device, the import of the outlet connection cooling water tank of the radiator, the radiator fan are located at the one of cooling water tank
Side, the expansion tank connect water pump；The direct current refrigeration compressor connects the positive wire of dc bus by the 3rd switch
And cathode conductor.
Further, the cooling water outlet of the proton exchange film fuel cell electric piling and the connecting pipe of cooling water tank import
It is equipped with the first valve, the connecting tube of the import of the cooling water outlet and radiator of the proton exchange film fuel cell electric piling
Road is equipped with the second valve, and the connecting pipe of the radiator outlet and cooling water tank import is equipped with the 3rd valve, the matter
Proton exchange film fuel cell pile, which has, exports positive wire connection terminal and the negative wire connection terminal of output, second DC-dc conversion
Utensil has the negative wire connection terminal of the positive wire connection terminal of input, input, the positive wire connection terminal of output and the negative wire connection terminal of output, the proton to hand over
The positive wire connection terminal of input of the positive wire connection terminal of output and the second DC-DC converter that change film fuel cell electric piling is connected, institute
Wire connection terminal is born in the input for stating the output negative wire connection terminal and the second DC-DC converter of proton exchange film fuel cell electric piling
It is connected；The positive wire connection terminal of output of second DC-DC converter connects the positive wire of dc bus, and described second is straight
The negative wire connection terminal of output of stream-DC converter connects the cathode conductor of dc bus.
Further, the proton exchange film fuel cell electric piling is equipped with hydrogen inlet, hydrogen outlet, air intlet and sky
Gas exports, and the proton exchange film fuel cell electric piling connects hydrogen supply system by hydrogen inlet and supplies hydrogen, the matter
Proton exchange film fuel cell pile connects air supply system by air intlet and supplies air, the oxygen in the hydrogen and air
Solid/liquid/gas reactions produce direct current and water, and the direct current is converted to stable DC electricity by the second DC-DC converter, unnecessary
Hydrogen is discharged by hydrogen outlet, and the water of unnecessary air and reaction generation is discharged by air outlet slit；The storage battery group bag
Containing one or more storage batteries, the cathode of each storage battery is connected with the positive wire of dc bus, the anode of each storage battery
It is connected with the cathode conductor of dc bus.
A kind of method of work of Hydrogen Energy and the cogeneration system of solar energy complementation, it is sunny, it is necessary to power but be not required to
During heat supply, second switch and the 3rd switch, the vapor compression heat pump systems and Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells power generation are disconnected
System does not work, when DC bus-bar voltage is less than lower voltage limit, closes first switch, photovoltaic array output voltage
With the direct current of electric current real-time change, this direct current accesses dc bus, and give after the first DC-DC converter voltage stabilizing
Access the battery charging of dc bus；When DC bus-bar voltage is higher than upper voltage limit, first switch, solar energy are disconnected
Photovoltaic array stops output direct current, and the direct current taken out from the dc bus can be used to illuminate.
A kind of method of work of Hydrogen Energy and the cogeneration system of solar energy complementation, under rainy weather or night condition,
When needing power supply, first switch and the 3rd switch are disconnected, solar photovoltaic generation system and vapor compression heat pump systems are not
Work, when DC bus-bar voltage is less than lower voltage limit, closes second switch, proton exchange membrane fuel cell power generation system starts work
Make, hydrogen enters proton exchange film fuel cell electric piling by hydrogen inlet, and the air through being overpressurized enters proton from air intlet
Exchange film fuel battery pile, the oxygen reaction in proton exchange film fuel cell electric piling internal hydrogen and air, produces straight
Galvanic electricity and water, the direct current access dc bus, and give access dc bus after the second DC-DC converter voltage stabilizing
Battery charging, when DC bus-bar voltage is higher than upper voltage limit, disconnect second switch, Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells hair
Electric system stops electric current output, and the direct current taken out from dc bus is used to illuminate；Proton exchange film fuel cell electric piling produces
During raw direct current, heat is produced inside proton exchange film fuel cell electric piling, the water pump is by the cooling water pump in cooling water tank
Enter the cooling water inlet of proton exchange film fuel cell electric piling, cooling water absorbs the heat inside proton exchange film fuel cell electric piling
After amount, temperature rise, flows out from cooling water outlet and returns to cooling water tank, in cooling water tank, cooling water distributes heat to sky
In gas, temperature reduces, circulating cooling proton exchange film fuel cell electric piling.
, it is necessary to when heating, closure the 3rd switchs for a kind of Hydrogen Energy and the method for work of the cogeneration system of solar energy complementation,
Vapor compression heat pump systems work, the direct current supply direct current refrigeration compressor in storage battery group, direct current refrigeration compressor fortune
Turn, compress refrigerant gas, after the compression of direct current refrigeration compressor, temperature rise, pressure rise, get in refrigerant gas
Side heat exchanger, indoors in the heat exchanger of side, the refrigerant gas of high temperature and pressure passes through indoor fan to room air heat release
Accelerate convection current, room air is heated, the refrigerant after heat release is condensed into the liquid of high temperature and pressure, and is flowing through throttling member
During part, pressure reduces the gas-liquid mixture for becoming low-temp low-pressure, and the refrigerant air-liquid mixture of low-temp low-pressure subsequently flows into outdoor
Side heat exchanger, heat and the evaporation of outdoor air are absorbed in outdoor heat exchanger, becomes refrigerant gas, refrigerant gas again
Body is compressed again by the air entry suction of direct current refrigeration compressor, is moved in circles, and in the process, refrigerant will be from outdoor sky
The heat absorbed in gas is discharged into room air, and indoor air temperature rise, realizes heat pump heat supply；Vapor compression heat pump system
System work, solar photovoltaic generation system and proton exchange membrane fuel cell power generation system do not work, the electricity in storage battery group
It is gradually exhausted, the voltage of dc bus will be reduced gradually, when the voltage of dc bus is less than lower voltage limit, sunny
When, solar photovoltaic generation system is individually opened to battery charging, it is inadequate or when there is no sunlight in sunlight, individually open
Proton exchange membrane fuel cell power generation system makes the voltage recovery of dc bus to battery charging, when sunny, such as
Fruit individually opens solar photovoltaic generation system, and the voltage of dc bus is still relatively low, then can open photovoltaic hair at the same time
Electric system and proton exchange membrane fuel cell power generation system are to battery charging, to maintain the voltage stabilization of dc bus.
Further, the approach of the cooling water from cooling water outlet outflow return cooling water tank is：
When interior needs heating, the first valve is opened, the second valve is closed and the 3rd valve, the elevated cooling water of temperature passes through institute
The surface that the second valve transfers heat to radiator is stated, and room air is carried out by radiation and cross-ventilated mode
Heating, realizes heating, and cooling water is reduced to temperature after indoor radiating, then returns to cooling water tank by the 3rd valve；
When interior need not heat, the first valve is closed, opens the second valve and the 3rd valve, the elevated cooling water of temperature passes through
First valve directly returns to cooling water tank.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the advantages that：Comprehensively utilize Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells, the sun
Can photovoltaic cell, heat pump each the advantages of, be able to can also be used in the place of no power grid with off-grid operation；Electric energy can be taken into account
It is good with the supply of thermal energy, flexibility；Heating efficiency is high, takes full advantage of the electric energy and waste heat of fuel cell；Comprehensive energy utilizes
Rate is high.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the cogeneration system of a kind of Hydrogen Energy of the present invention and solar energy complementation.
Embodiment
To make the object, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, below in conjunction with attached drawing to embodiment party of the present invention
Formula is further described.
Please refer to Fig.1, the embodiment provides Hydrogen Energy and the cogeneration system of solar energy complementation, including proton
Exchange film fuel battery electricity generation system 1, vapor compression heat pump systems 2, solar photovoltaic generation system 3, dc bus 4 and storage
Battery pack 5.
Dc bus 4 includes positive wire 41 and cathode conductor 42.
Storage battery group 5 includes one or more storage batteries, the cathode of each storage battery and the positive wire 41 of dc bus 4
It is connected, the anode of each storage battery is connected with the cathode conductor 42 of dc bus 4.
Vapor compression heat pump systems 2 include direct current refrigeration compressor 21, indoor heat exchanger 22, indoor fan 25,
Restricting element 23, outdoor heat exchanger 24, outside fan 26 and corresponding connecting line, the direct current refrigeration compressor 21,
Indoor heat exchanger 22, restricting element 23 and outdoor heat exchanger 24 are sequentially connected by corresponding connecting line, the direct current
It is filled with refrigeration compressor 21, indoor heat exchanger 22, restricting element 23, outdoor heat exchanger 24 and corresponding connecting line
Refrigerant, the indoor heat exchanger 24 and outdoor heat exchanger 24 are the heat exchangers of refrigerant and air, the indoor
Fan 25 is located at the side of indoor heat exchanger 22, and the outside fan 26 is located at the side of outdoor heat exchanger 24, described
Indoor fan 25 and outside fan 26 are respectively used to accelerate the air pair of indoor heat exchanger 22 and outdoor heat exchanger 24
Stream.In one embodiment, restricting element 23 can be that heating power expansion valve, electric expansion valve, capillary, restriction sleeve etc. are any
Kind, the positive wire 41 and cathode conductor 42 that direct current refrigeration compressor 21 passes through 26 connection dc bus 4 of the 3rd switch.
Solar photovoltaic generation system 3 includes photovoltaic array 31, the first DC-DC converter 32 and corresponding
Connecting wire, be equipped with first switch 33 between 31 and first DC-DC converter 32 of photovoltaic array.
Photovoltaic array 31 includes one or more solar cell modules, and photovoltaic array 31 exports straight
Galvanic electricity is unstable direct current, its voltage and current constantly changes with solar radiation and the change of environment temperature, for this
Stable DC need to be converted into by the first DC-DC converter 32.
Photovoltaic array 31, which has, exports positive wire connection terminal and the negative wire connection terminal of output, first DC-DC
Converter 32, which has, inputs positive wire connection terminal, the negative wire connection terminal of input, the positive wire connection terminal of output and the negative wire connection terminal of output, described
The positive wire connection terminal of output of photovoltaic array 31 connects the positive wire connection terminal of input of the first DC-DC converter 32, described
Wire connection terminal is born in the input that the negative wire connection terminal of output of photovoltaic array 31 connects the first DC-DC converter 32；It is described
The positive wire connection terminal of output of first DC-DC converter 32 connects the positive wire 41 of dc bus 4, first direct current-straight
The negative wire connection terminal of output of current converter 32 connects the cathode conductor 42 of dc bus 4.
Proton exchange membrane fuel cell power generation system 1 includes proton exchange film fuel cell electric piling 11, hydrogen supply system
(not shown), air supply system (not shown), the second DC-DC converter 12, water pump 13, cooling water tank
14th, radiator fan 15, expansion tank 16, arranged on indoor radiator 17 and corresponding connecting line.
Proton exchange film fuel cell electric piling 11 is equipped with hydrogen inlet 111, hydrogen outlet 112, air intlet 113, sky
Gas outlet 114, cooling water inlet 115, cooling water outlet 116, the positive wire connection terminal of output and the negative wire connection terminal of output.
Proton exchange film fuel cell electric piling 11 connects hydrogen supply system by hydrogen inlet 111 and supplies hydrogen, described
Proton exchange film fuel cell electric piling 11 connects air supply system by air intlet 113 and supplies air, the hydrogen and sky
Oxygen reaction in gas produces direct current and water, and the voltage magnitude of the direct current is continually changing, be provided with for this second direct current-
DC converter 12, is converted into stable DC, unnecessary hydrogen passes through 113 row of hydrogen outlet by unstable direct current
Go out, the water of unnecessary air and reaction generation is discharged by air outlet slit 114.
In one embodiment, proton exchange film fuel cell electric piling 11 connects the second DC-DC by second switch 18
There is the negative wire connection terminal of the positive wire connection terminal of input, input, output just to connect for converter 12, second DC-DC converter 12
Line terminals and the negative wire connection terminal of output, the positive wire connection terminal of output of the proton exchange film fuel cell electric piling 11 and second straight
The positive wire connection terminal of input of stream-DC converter 12 is connected, and wiring is born in the output of the proton exchange film fuel cell electric piling 11
The input of terminal and the second DC-DC converter 12 bears wire connection terminal and is connected；Second DC-DC converter 12 it is defeated
Go out the positive wire 41 that positive wire connection terminal connects dc bus 4, wire connection terminal is born in the output of second DC-DC converter 12
Connect the cathode conductor 42 of dc bus 4.
The outlet of the cooling water inlet 115 and water pump 13 of proton exchange film fuel cell electric piling 11 is connected, the water pump 13
Import be connected with the import of cooling water tank 14, the cooling water outlet 116 of the proton exchange film fuel cell electric piling 11 connects
14 import of cooling water tank and the import of radiator 17, in one embodiment, proton exchange film fuel cell electric piling 11 it is cold
But the connecting pipe of 14 import of water out 116 and cooling water tank is equipped with the first valve 141, the Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells electricity
The connecting pipe of the import of the cooling water outlet 116 and radiator 17 of heap 11 is equipped with the second valve 142, the heat loss through radiation
The import of the outlet connection cooling water tank 14 of device 17, in one embodiment, the outlet of radiator 17 and cooling water tank 14
The connecting pipe of import is equipped with the 3rd valve 143.
Radiator fan 15 is located at the side of cooling water tank 14, and radiator fan 15 accelerates the stream of 14 extraneous air of cooling water tank
It is dynamic, acceleration heat dissipation is carried out, the expansion tank 16 connects water pump 13, and the expansion tank 16 is used to accommodate cooling water circulation loop
It is middle because temperature change and caused by water volume change.
Proton exchange membrane fuel cell power generation system 1, vapor compression heat pump systems 2,3 and of solar photovoltaic generation system
Storage battery group 5 is connected with dc bus 4, the proton exchange membrane fuel cell power generation system 1 and solar energy power generating system
The electric current that system 3 produces is stored in storage battery group 5 by dc bus 4 or drives vapor compression heat pump systems 2 to work, together
When, the waste heat of proton exchange membrane fuel cell power generation system 1 can also be directly used in heat supply.In one embodiment, the direct current is female
Electric current is supplied to direct current refrigeration compressor 21 by line 4, and the direct current refrigeration compressor 21 is operated and then driven described steam compressed
Formula heat pump system 2 realizes heat supply.
The method of work of a kind of Hydrogen Energy and the cogeneration system of solar energy complementation, including following method of work：
(1) photovoltaic charge mode
It is sunny to disconnect the switch of second switch 18 and the 3rd 26, it is necessary to when powering but being not required to heat supply, it is described steam compressed
Formula heat pump system 2 and proton exchange membrane fuel cell power generation system 1 do not work, when 4 voltage of dc bus is less than lower voltage limit
When, close first switch 33, the direct current of 31 output voltage of photovoltaic array and electric current real-time change, this direct current is through the
After one DC-DC converter, 32 voltage stabilizing, dc bus 4 is accessed, and charge to the storage battery group 5 of access dc bus 4；When straight
When stream 5 voltage of busbar is higher than upper voltage limit, first switch 33 is disconnected, photovoltaic array 31 stops output direct current, from institute
The occasion that illumination etc. needs electric power to apply can be used for by stating the direct current taken out on dc bus 5.
(2) fuel cell charge mode
Under rainy weather or night condition, it is necessary to when powering, the switch of first switch 33 and the 3rd 26, solar energy are disconnected
Photovoltaic generating system 3 and vapor compression heat pump systems 2 do not work, when 4 voltage of dc bus is less than lower voltage limit, closure second
Switch 18, proton exchange membrane fuel cell power generation system 1 is started to work, and hydrogen enters proton exchange membrane by hydrogen inlet 111 and fires
Expect battery pile 11, the air through being overpressurized enters proton exchange film fuel cell electric piling 11 from air intlet 113, is handed in proton
11 internal hydrogen of film fuel cell electric piling and the oxygen reaction in air are changed, produces direct current and water, the direct current is through second
After 12 voltage stabilizing of DC-DC converter, dc bus 4 is accessed, and is charged to the storage battery group 5 of access dc bus 4, works as direct current
When 4 voltage of busbar is higher than upper voltage limit, second switch 18 is disconnected, it is defeated that proton exchange membrane fuel cell power generation system 1 stops electric current
Go out, the direct current taken out from dc bus 4 is used for the occasion that illumination etc. needs electric power to apply.
When proton exchange film fuel cell electric piling 11 produces direct current, the inside of proton exchange film fuel cell electric piling 11 produces
Cooling water in cooling water tank 14 is pumped into the cooling water inlet of proton exchange film fuel cell electric piling 11 by heat, the water pump 13
115, after cooling water absorbs the heat inside proton exchange film fuel cell electric piling 11, temperature rise, flows from cooling water outlet 116
Go out to return cooling water tank 14.
Cooling water from cooling water outlet 116 flow out return cooling water tank 14 approach be：
When interior needs heating, the first valve 141 is opened, the second valve 142 is closed and the 3rd valve 143, temperature is elevated cold
But water transfers heat to the surface of radiator 17 by second valve 142, and passes through radiation and cross-ventilated side
Formula heats room air, realizes heating, and cooling water is reduced to temperature after indoor radiating, then returned by the 3rd valve 143
Cooling water tank 14, is conducive to reduce the heat dissipation load of cooling water tank 14 and the consumption power of radiator fan 15；
When interior need not heat, the first valve 141 is closed, the second valve 142 is opened and the 3rd valve 143, temperature is elevated
Cooling water directly returns to cooling water tank 14 by the first valve 141.
In cooling water tank 14, cooling water is distributed heat in air, and temperature reduces, and then possesses circulating cooling proton
The ability of exchange film fuel battery pile 11.
(3) heat pump heating mode
When needing heating, the switch of closure the 3rd 26, vapor compression heat pump systems 2 work, the direct current in storage battery group 5
Direct current refrigeration compressor 21 is supplied, direct current refrigeration compressor 21 operates, and compresses refrigerant gas, and refrigerant gas freezes through direct current
After compressor 21 compresses, temperature rise, pressure rise, get in side heat exchanger 22, and indoors in side heat exchanger 22, high temperature is high
The refrigerant gas of pressure accelerates convection current to room air heat release, and by indoor fan 25, room air is heated, puts
Refrigerant after heat is condensed into the liquid of high temperature and pressure, and when flowing through restricting element 23, pressure, which reduces, becomes low-temp low-pressure
Gas-liquid mixture, the refrigerant air-liquid mixture of low-temp low-pressure subsequently flows into outdoor heat exchanger 24, in outdoor heat exchanger 24
The middle heat for absorbing outdoor air and evaporation, become refrigerant gas, refrigerant gas is by direct current refrigeration compressor 21 again
Air entry suction is compressed again, is moved in circles, in the process, the heat absorbed from outdoor air is discharged into by refrigerant
In room air, indoor air temperature rise, realizes heat pump heat supply
Vapor compression heat pump systems 2 work, solar photovoltaic generation system 3 and Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells power generation system
System 1 does not work, and the electricity in storage battery group 5 is gradually exhausted, and the voltage of dc bus 4 will be reduced gradually, when dc bus 4
When voltage is less than lower voltage limit, when sunny, individually open solar photovoltaic generation system 3 and charge to storage battery group 5,
When sunlight is inadequate or does not have sunlight, individually opens proton exchange membrane fuel cell power generation system 1 and charge to storage battery group 5, make
The voltage recovery of dc bus 4, when sunny, if individually opening solar photovoltaic generation system 3, dc bus 4
Voltage is still relatively low, then can open solar photovoltaic generation system 3 and proton exchange membrane fuel cell power generation system 1 at the same time to storage
Battery pack 5 charges, to maintain the voltage stabilization of dc bus 4.
The advantages of present invention comprehensively utilizes Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells, solar-energy photo-voltaic cell, heat pump each, Ke Yili
Network operation, can also use in the place of no power grid；The supply of electric energy and thermal energy can be taken into account, flexibility is good；Heating efficiency is high,
Take full advantage of the electric energy and waste heat of fuel cell；Comprehensive energy utilization rate is high.
Herein, the involved noun of locality such as forward and backward, upper and lower is to be located at parts in attached drawing in figure and zero
Part mutual position defines, only for the purpose of expressing the technical solution clearly and conveniently.It should be appreciated that the noun of locality
Use should not limit the claimed scope of the application.
In the case where there is no conflict, the feature in embodiment and embodiment herein-above set forth can be combined with each other.
The foregoing is merely presently preferred embodiments of the present invention, is not intended to limit the invention, it is all the present invention spirit and
Within principle, any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and so on, should all be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of Hydrogen Energy and the cogeneration system of solar energy complementation, it is characterised in that sent out including Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells
Electric system, vapor compression heat pump systems, solar photovoltaic generation system, dc bus and storage battery group, the proton exchange
Membrane cell electricity generation system, vapor compression heat pump systems, solar photovoltaic generation system and storage battery group are female with direct current
Line is connected, and the electric current that the proton exchange membrane fuel cell power generation system and solar photovoltaic generation system produce is female by direct current
Line is stored in storage battery group or drives to work to vapor compression heat pump systems, and the vapor compression heat pump systems include straight
Flow refrigeration compressor, electric current is supplied to direct current refrigeration compressor by the dc bus, the direct current refrigeration compressor operate into
And drive the vapor compression heat pump systems to realize heat supply, meanwhile, the waste heat of proton exchange membrane fuel cell power generation system
Heat supply can be directly used in.
2. Hydrogen Energy according to claim 1 and the cogeneration system of solar energy complementation, it is characterised in that the solar energy
Photovoltaic generating system includes photovoltaic array, the first DC-DC converter and corresponding connecting wire, the sun
Can be equipped with first switch between photovoltaic array and the first DC-DC converter, the photovoltaic array including one or
Multiple solar cell modules, the direct current of the photovoltaic array output are converted to through the first DC-DC converter
Stable DC electricity；The photovoltaic array, which has, exports positive wire connection terminal and the negative wire connection terminal of output, and first direct current-
DC converter, which has, inputs positive wire connection terminal, the negative wire connection terminal of input, the positive wire connection terminal of output and the negative wire connection terminal of output, institute
State the positive wire connection terminal of input that the positive wire connection terminal of output of photovoltaic array connects the first DC-DC converter, it is described too
Wire connection terminal is born in the input that the negative wire connection terminal of output of positive energy photovoltaic array connects the first DC-DC converter；Described first is straight
The positive wire connection terminal of output of stream-DC converter connects the positive wire of dc bus, first DC-DC converter it is defeated
Go out the cathode conductor that negative wire connection terminal connects dc bus.
3. Hydrogen Energy according to claim 1 and the cogeneration system of solar energy complementation, it is characterised in that the vapour pressure
Contracting formula heat pump system further include indoor heat exchanger, indoor fan, restricting element, outdoor heat exchanger, outside fan and
Corresponding connecting line, direct current refrigeration compressor, indoor heat exchanger, restricting element and the outdoor heat exchanger pass through corresponding
Connecting line be sequentially connected, the indoor fan is located at the side of indoor heat exchanger, and the outside fan is located at room
The side of outside heat exchanger, the direct current refrigeration compressor, indoor heat exchanger, restricting element, outdoor heat exchanger and corresponding
Connecting line in be filled with refrigerant, the indoor heat exchanger and outdoor heat exchanger are the heat exchanges of refrigerant and air
Device, the indoor fan and outside fan are respectively used to accelerate the air pair of indoor heat exchanger and outdoor heat exchanger
Stream.
4. Hydrogen Energy according to claim 3 and the cogeneration system of solar energy complementation, it is characterised in that the proton is handed over
Changing membrane cell electricity generation system includes proton exchange film fuel cell electric piling, hydrogen supply system, air supply system, second
DC-DC converter, water pump, cooling water tank, radiator fan, expansion tank, arranged on indoor radiator and corresponding
Connecting line, the proton exchange film fuel cell electric piling connection hydrogen supply system and air supply system, the proton are handed over
Change film fuel cell electric piling and the second DC-DC converter, the Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells electricity are connected by second switch
The cooling water inlet of heap is connected with the outlet of water pump, and the import of the water pump is connected with the import of cooling water tank, and the proton is handed over
Change the cooling water outlet connection cooling water tank import and the import of radiator of film fuel cell electric piling, the radiator
Outlet connection cooling water tank import, the radiator fan is located at the side of cooling water tank, and the expansion tank connects water pump；
The direct current refrigeration compressor connects the positive wire and cathode conductor of dc bus by the 3rd switch.
5. Hydrogen Energy according to claim 4 and the cogeneration system of solar energy complementation, it is characterised in that the proton is handed over
Change the cooling water outlet of film fuel cell electric piling and the connecting pipe of cooling water tank import is equipped with the first valve, the proton exchange
The connecting pipe of the import of the cooling water outlet and radiator of film fuel cell electric piling is equipped with the second valve, and the radiation dissipates
The connecting pipe of hot device outlet and cooling water tank import is equipped with the 3rd valve, and the proton exchange film fuel cell electric piling has defeated
Go out positive wire connection terminal and the negative wire connection terminal of output, second DC-DC converter is negative with the positive wire connection terminal of input, input
Wire connection terminal, the positive wire connection terminal of output and the negative wire connection terminal of output, the output of the proton exchange film fuel cell electric piling just connect
The positive wire connection terminal of input of line terminals and the second DC-DC converter is connected, the proton exchange film fuel cell electric piling
The input of output negative wire connection terminal and the second DC-DC converter bears wire connection terminal and is connected；Second DC-dc conversion
The positive wire connection terminal of output of device connects the positive wire of dc bus, and terminals are born in the output of second DC-DC converter
Son connects the cathode conductor of dc bus.
6. Hydrogen Energy according to claim 4 and the cogeneration system of solar energy complementation, it is characterised in that the proton is handed over
Change film fuel cell electric piling and be equipped with hydrogen inlet, hydrogen outlet, air intlet and air outlet slit, the pem fuel
Battery pile connects hydrogen supply system by hydrogen inlet and supplies hydrogen, and the proton exchange film fuel cell electric piling passes through sky
Gas import connection air supply system supply air, the oxygen reaction in the hydrogen and air produces direct current and water, described
Direct current is converted to stable DC electricity by the second DC-DC converter, and unnecessary hydrogen is discharged by hydrogen outlet, unnecessary
Air and reaction generation water discharged by air outlet slit；The storage battery group includes one or more storage batteries, each storage
The cathode of battery is connected with the positive wire of dc bus, and the anode of each storage battery is connected with the cathode conductor of dc bus.
7. a kind of such as claim 1-6 any one of them Hydrogen Energy and the method for work of the cogeneration system of solar energy complementation,
It is characterized in that, sunny disconnect second switch and the 3rd switch, it is necessary to when powering but being not required to heat supply, it is described steam compressed
Formula heat pump system and proton exchange membrane fuel cell power generation system do not work, when DC bus-bar voltage is less than lower voltage limit,
Close first switch, the direct current of photovoltaic array output voltage and electric current real-time change, this direct current through the first direct current-
After DC converter voltage stabilizing, dc bus is accessed, and to the battery charging of access dc bus；When DC bus-bar voltage height
When upper voltage limit, first switch is disconnected, photovoltaic array stops output direct current, taken out from the dc bus
Direct current can be used to illuminate.
8. a kind of such as claim 1-6 any one of them Hydrogen Energy and the method for work of the cogeneration system of solar energy complementation,
It is characterized in that, first switch and the 3rd switch, solar energy are disconnected, it is necessary to when powering under rainy weather or night condition
Photovoltaic generating system and vapor compression heat pump systems do not work, and when DC bus-bar voltage is less than lower voltage limit, closure second is opened
Close, proton exchange membrane fuel cell power generation system is started to work, and hydrogen enters Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells electricity by hydrogen inlet
Heap, the air through being overpressurized enter proton exchange film fuel cell electric piling from air intlet, in Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells electricity
Heap internal hydrogen and the oxygen reaction in air, produce direct current and water, the direct current are steady through the second DC-DC converter
After pressure, dc bus is accessed, and to the battery charging of access dc bus, when DC bus-bar voltage is higher than upper voltage limit
When, second switch is disconnected, proton exchange membrane fuel cell power generation system stops electric current output, the direct current taken out from dc bus
Electricity is used to illuminate；When proton exchange film fuel cell electric piling produces direct current, produced inside proton exchange film fuel cell electric piling
Cooling water in cooling water tank is pumped into the cooling water inlet of proton exchange film fuel cell electric piling by heat, the water pump, cooling
After water absorbs the heat inside proton exchange film fuel cell electric piling, temperature rise, flows out from cooling water outlet and returns to water of radiation
Case, in cooling water tank, cooling water is distributed heat in air, and temperature reduces, circulating cooling Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells
Pile.
9. a kind of such as claim 1-6 any one of them Hydrogen Energy and the method for work of the cogeneration system of solar energy complementation,
It is characterized in that, it is necessary to when heating, the switch of closure the 3rd, vapor compression heat pump systems work, the direct current in storage battery group
Direct current refrigeration compressor is supplied, the operating of direct current refrigeration compressor, compresses refrigerant gas, refrigerant gas is through direct current refrigerant compression
After machine compression, temperature rise, pressure rise, get in side heat exchanger, indoors in the heat exchanger of side, the refrigerant of high temperature and pressure
Gas accelerates convection current to room air heat release, and by indoor fan, room air is heated, the refrigerant after heat release
The liquid of high temperature and pressure is condensed into, and when flowing through restricting element, pressure reduces the gas-liquid mixture for becoming low-temp low-pressure, low temperature
The refrigerant air-liquid mixture of low pressure subsequently flows into outdoor heat exchanger, and the heat of outdoor air is absorbed in outdoor heat exchanger
And evaporate, become refrigerant gas again, refrigerant gas is compressed, followed again by the air entry suction of direct current refrigeration compressor
Ring is reciprocal, and in the process, the heat absorbed from outdoor air is discharged into room air by refrigerant, indoor air temperature
Rise, realizes heat pump heat supply；Vapor compression heat pump systems work, solar photovoltaic generation system and pem fuel electricity
Pond electricity generation system does not work, and the electricity in storage battery group is gradually exhausted, and the voltage of dc bus will be reduced gradually, when direct current is female
When the voltage of line is less than lower voltage limit, when sunny, solar photovoltaic generation system is individually opened to battery charging,
It is inadequate or when there is no sunlight in sunlight, proton exchange membrane fuel cell power generation system is individually opened to battery charging, is made
The voltage recovery of dc bus, when sunny, if individually opening solar photovoltaic generation system, the voltage of dc bus
It is still relatively low, then solar photovoltaic generation system and proton exchange membrane fuel cell power generation system can be opened at the same time gives storage battery group
Charging, to maintain the voltage stabilization of dc bus.
10. the method for work of Hydrogen Energy according to claim 8 and the cogeneration system of solar energy complementation, its feature exist
In the approach that the cooling water flows out return cooling water tank from cooling water outlet is：
When interior needs heating, the first valve is opened, closes the second valve and the 3rd valve, the elevated cooling water of temperature is by described the
Two valves transfer heat to the surface of radiator, and room air is added by radiation and cross-ventilated mode
Heat, realizes heating, and cooling water is reduced to temperature after indoor radiating, then returns to cooling water tank by the 3rd valve；
When interior need not heat, the first valve is closed, opens the second valve and the 3rd valve, the elevated cooling water of temperature passes through first
Valve directly returns to cooling water tank.
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| CN110545601A (en) * | 2019-09-05 | 2019-12-06 | 山东建筑大学 | Street lamp using fuel cell as power supply |
| CN111089001A (en) * | 2019-12-31 | 2020-05-01 | 湖南理工学院 | Solar-energy-based thermoelectric hydrogen multi-combined supply system |
| CN111259610A (en) * | 2020-02-21 | 2020-06-09 | 山东大学 | Method and system for establishing steady-state equivalent circuit of combined heat and power system |
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