CN108129424B - 一种双齿膦配体聚合物负载钯催化剂催化糠醛类衍生物脱羰反应的方法 - Google Patents

一种双齿膦配体聚合物负载钯催化剂催化糠醛类衍生物脱羰反应的方法 Download PDF

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CN108129424B
CN108129424B CN201711429831.0A CN201711429831A CN108129424B CN 108129424 B CN108129424 B CN 108129424B CN 201711429831 A CN201711429831 A CN 201711429831A CN 108129424 B CN108129424 B CN 108129424B
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唐海涛
潘英明
李文豪
王恒山
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Abstract

本发明公开一种双齿膦配体聚合物负载钯催化剂催化糠醛类衍生物脱羰反应的方法,运用乙烯基功能化的双齿膦配体聚合,再用该聚合物负载钯催化剂作为一种异相催化剂催化该反应,该异相催化体系不仅对反应底物的适用性广,而且显著地降低钯催化剂的用量、反应时间短、添加剂少、选择性好、产率高、简单易操作,催化剂可以反复使用多次活性也不会降低,能够显著降低反应中昂贵的钯催化剂的用量,并成功地克服均相反应的限制,且所用催化剂热稳定性高、耐强酸强碱、用量少、活性高、转化率高、操作简单无需气体保护,适用于工业化生产。实验所需操作简单,原料易得,产量高,反应速率高,具有极好的工业化前景和可持续发展的战略意义。

Description

一种双齿膦配体聚合物负载钯催化剂催化糠醛类衍生物脱羰 反应的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及糠醛类衍生物脱羰反应的方法,具体是一种使用双齿膦配体聚合物负载钯催化剂催化糠醛类衍生物脱羰反应的新方法。
背景技术
糠醛衍生物是现代生物燃料生产的重要中间体之一。为了建立可持续的能源系统,有效利用来自木质纤维素生物质的可再生碳水化合物如5-羟甲基糠醛(HMF)、乙酰丙酸(LA)、糠醛等生物原料生成化学品和燃料是非常有意义的工作。长期以来,人们使用费托合成和发酵等方法将生物质原料转化成化学品或燃料。同时,鉴于5-羟甲基糠醛等的特殊结构,脱羰反应也是一种潜在的将生物质原料直接转化成化学品或燃料的路径。自1965年,Tsuji和Ohno发现醛类物质可以在当量的铑催化剂催化下生成相应的烃以后,人们对脱羰反应的进行了不断发展,铑、钌、铱、钯等贵金属也逐步被人们发现能够对醛类物质选择性脱羰。
近年来,一种将糠醛类衍生物尤其是5-羟甲基糠醛化合物直接脱羰转化为一系列有用的分子引起了人们的注意,均相催化的5-羟甲基糠醛脱羰反应蓬勃发展,由于均相反应的限制,参与反应的催化剂和配体难以被分离出来循环使用。2013年中国科学技术大学傅尧教授发展了一种用SBA-15介孔二氧化硅负载钯碳催化剂催化糠醛脱羰反应的新方法(ChemSusChem,2013,6,1348),这是目前仅有的一例多相催化5-羟甲基糠醛脱羰反应的例子,该反应在反应时需要大量分子筛作为反应辅助剂才能达到较高产率,且反应适应性相对狭窄,SBA-15介孔二氧化硅载体制备较为复杂且昂贵,反应所需时间较长,限制了该反应的工业化普及。
糠醛及其衍生物可直接通过酸催化木糖脱水得到,木糖在农产品的废弃部分中(例如玉米的穗轴、秸秆、棉桃的外皮)含量非常高。因此,如何将糠醛等易得的生物原料转化为更加有用的化工精细产品变得举足轻重。而由于糠醛衍生物的高反应性,如何定向地把糠醛转化为四氢呋喃等化工原料一直是现代能源研究的热点和极具战略意义的课题。基于此,高效的脱羰反应无疑是一个有效的转化路线。
发明内容
本发明的目的是针对现有技术的不足,而提供一种使用乙烯基功能化的双齿膦配体先聚合,再用该聚合物负载醋酸钯催化剂催化糠醛类衍生物脱羰反应的新方法,采用该方法能够高效专一性地催化糠醛类化合物脱羰生成呋喃衍生物。
实现本发明目的的技术方案是:
一种双齿膦配体聚合物负载钯催化剂催化糠醛类衍生物脱羰反应的方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)双齿膦配体聚合物单体的合成,合成通式如下:
Figure 82847DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
具体步骤是:
(1.1)向圆底烧瓶中加入9,9-二甲基氧杂蒽1a(5.0 g)、四甲基乙二胺(7.0 g)和无水乙醚(36 ml);0 oC 下,向反应液中缓慢加入正丁基锂(24 ml, 2.5 M),反应液室温搅拌24 小时,得到1b产物反应液,不需纯化直接进行下一步反应;
(1.2)将得到的1b产物反应液冷却至-78 oC,随后缓慢滴加二-N,N-二乙基氯化磷(12.6 g)的无水乙醚(20 ml)溶液,缓慢升温至室温并搅拌12 小时,反应结束后过滤,用无水乙醚(2 × 20 ml)洗涤滤渣,滤液真空抽干溶剂后得到粗产物1c;
(1.3)粗产物1c中加入正己烷(250 ml)溶解,冷至0 oC,通入用浓硫酸干燥的氯化氢气体 30 分钟后,将反应液过滤,所得到的滤液真空抽干溶剂,得到粗产物1d,不需纯化直接用于下一步;
(1.4)将对溴苯乙烯1e(4.0 g)溶解在四氢呋喃(40 ml)中,-78 oC下向四氢呋喃混合液中缓慢滴加正丁基锂(8.8 ml, 2.5 M),加完后-78 oC保温搅拌1小时;再向其中加入之前合成的粗产物1d的四氢呋喃 (20 ml)溶液,20min滴加完;将反应体系缓慢恢复室温继续搅拌2 小时,加入饱和的氯化铵溶液淬灭反应,萃取,水相用乙酸乙酯萃取一次,有机相用无水硫酸钠干燥,旋干溶剂;用硅胶柱提纯产物(淋洗液为石油醚:乙酸乙酯= 5:1),得到浅黄色的4,5-双二(4-乙烯苯基)膦-9,9-二甲基氧杂蒽1f 1.1g;
(2)钯催化剂的合成,合成通式如下:
Figure 689277DEST_PATH_IMAGE003
具体步骤是:
(2.1)向反应管中加入4,5-双二(4-乙烯苯基)膦-9,9-二甲基氧杂蒽1f (0.68g)、偶氮二异丁腈(0.068 g,)和无水乙腈(6.8 ml);
将反应管置于100℃下加热24小时后,将所得固液混合物过滤,分别用乙酸乙酯、石油醚、无水乙醚各10 mL先后洗涤滤渣,得到黄色不溶固体聚合物POL-Xantphos 2a;
(2.2)取醋酸钯(0.112 g)溶解到四氢呋喃(40 ml)中,然后加入得到的POL-Xantphos 2a,室温搅拌4 小时,过滤,抽干后,得到黄色固体Pd(OAc)2/ POL-Xantphos(1.10 g)催化剂。
(3)糠醛类衍生物脱羰合成呋喃衍生物,合成通式如下:
Figure 102941DEST_PATH_IMAGE004
具体步骤是:
取0.5 mmol的醛3a,0.5 mmol的碳酸钾,2 mol%的Pd(OAc)2/ POL-Xantphos和1.2ml的1,4-二氧六环溶剂,140℃下反应6小时,反应结束后,催化剂通过离心分离,产率通过GC-MS测定为99%,催化剂可重复使用,反应结束后催化剂离心,过滤,用乙醇洗涤,可直接用于下一次反应。
本发明提供了一种双齿膦配体聚合物负载钯催化剂高效催化糠醛类衍生物脱羰的新方法,运用乙烯基功能化的双齿膦配体聚合,再用该聚合物负载钯催化剂作为一种异相催化剂催化该反应,该异相催化体系不仅对反应底物的适用性广,而且显著地降低钯催化剂的用量、反应时间短、添加剂少、选择性好、产率高、简单易操作,催化剂可以反复使用多次活性也不会降低,能够显著降低反应中昂贵的钯催化剂的用量,并成功地克服均相反应的限制,且所用催化剂热稳定性高、耐强酸强碱、用量少、活性高、转化率高、操作简单无需气体保护,适用于工业化生产。实验所需操作简单,原料易得,产量高,反应速率高,具有极好的工业化前景和可持续发展的战略意义。
附图说明
图1为实施例中5-(羟甲基)-糠醛脱羰合成呋喃衍生物,Pd催化剂重复使用十次,得到的产率数据柱状图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和实施例对本发明内容作进一步的说明,但不是对本发明的限定。
实施例
一种双齿膦配体聚合物负载钯催化剂催化糠醛类衍生物脱羰反应的方法,
包括如下步骤:
(1)双齿膦配体聚合物单体的合成,合成通式如下:
Figure 813015DEST_PATH_IMAGE005
具体步骤是:
(1.2)向圆底烧瓶中加入9,9-二甲基氧杂蒽1a(5.0 g)、四甲基乙二胺(7.0 g)和无水乙醚(36 ml);0 oC 下,向反应液中缓慢加入正丁基锂(24 ml, 2.5 M),反应液室温搅拌24小时,得到1b产物反应液,不需纯化直接进行下一步反应;
(1.2)将得到的产物1b反应液冷却至-78 oC,随后缓慢滴加二-N,N-二乙基氯化磷(12.6 g, 60 mmol)的无水乙醚(20 ml)溶液,缓慢升温至室温并搅拌12 小时,反应结束后过滤,用无水乙醚(2 × 20 ml)洗涤滤渣,滤液真空抽干溶剂后得到粗产物1c ,粗产物1c的磷谱:31P NMR (161.8 MHz, CDCl3) δ 91.1;
(1.3)粗产物1c中加入无水正己烷(250 ml)溶解,冷至0 oC,通入浓硫酸干燥的氯化氢气体 30 分钟后将反应液过滤,所得到的滤液真空抽干溶剂,得到粗产物1d,粗产物不需纯化直接用于下一步,粗产物1d的磷谱:31P NMR (161.8 MHz, n-hexane) δ 158.8;
(1.4)将对溴苯乙烯1e(4.0 g)溶解在四氢呋喃(40 ml)中,-78 oC下向四氢呋喃混合液中缓慢滴加正丁基锂(8.8 ml, 2.5 M),加完后-78 oC保温搅拌1小时;再向其中加入之前合成的粗产物1d的四氢呋喃 (20 ml)溶液,20min滴加完;将反应体系缓慢恢复室温继续搅拌2 小时,加入饱和的氯化铵溶液淬灭反应,萃取,水相用乙酸乙酯萃取一次,有机相用无水硫酸钠干燥,旋干溶剂;用硅胶柱提纯产物(淋洗液为石油醚:乙酸乙酯= 5:1),得到浅黄色的4,5-双二(4-乙烯苯基)膦-9,9-二甲基氧杂蒽1f 1.1g,四步总产率为7%;1HNMR(400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.40 (d, J = 6.8 Hz, 2H), 7.27-7.19 (m, 9H), 7.14-7.06(m, 7H), 6.95 (t, J= 7.6 Hz, 2H), 6.65 (dd, J= 17.6 Hz and 10.9 Hz, 4H), 6.56(d, J= 6.0 Hz, 2H), 5.73 (d, J= 17.6 Hz, 4H), 5.23 (d, J= 11.0 Hz, 4H), 1.65(s, 6H). 31P NMR(161.8 MHz, CDCl3) δ -18.5; HRMS(ESI):m/z calc. for C47H40OP2[M+H]+: 683.2627,found: 683.2628。
(2)钯催化剂的合成,合成通式如下:
Figure 880197DEST_PATH_IMAGE006
具体步骤是:
(2.1)向反应管中加入4,5-双二(4-乙烯苯基)膦-9,9-二甲基氧杂蒽1f (0.68g)、偶氮二异丁腈(0.068 g,)和无水乙腈(6.8 ml);将反应管置于100℃下加热24小时后,将所得固液混合物过滤,用乙酸乙酯、石油醚、无水乙醚(10mL)各洗涤滤渣3次,得到黄色不溶固体聚合物POL-Xantphos 2a,产率为99%;
(2.2)取醋酸钯(0.112 g)溶解到四氢呋喃(40 ml)中,然后加入得到POL-Xantphos 2a,室温搅拌4 小时,过滤,抽干后,得到黄色固体Pd(OAc)2/ POL-Xantphos(1.10 g)催化剂,产率为99%。
(3)5-(羟甲基)-糠醛脱羰合成呋喃衍生物,合成通式如下:
Figure 740968DEST_PATH_IMAGE007
具体步骤是:
取0.5 mmol的5-(羟甲基)-糠醛3c,0.5 mmol的碳酸钾,2 mol%的Pd(OAc)2/ POL-Xantphos和1.2 ml的1,4-二氧六环,140 ℃下反应6小时,反应结束后,催化剂通过离心分离,产率通过GC-MS测定为93%,催化剂可重复使用,反应结束后催化剂离心,过滤,用乙醇洗涤,可直接用于下一次反应。
Pd(OAc)2/ POL-Xantphos使用十次分别得到的5-(羟甲基)-糠醛脱羰产率数据如图1所示,从图中可以看出Pd(OAc)2/ POL-Xantphos催化剂反复使用十次活性也没有降低。

Claims (5)

1.一种双齿膦配体聚合物负载钯催化剂催化糠醛类衍生物脱羰反应的方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
(1)双齿膦配体聚合物单体的合成,合成通式如下:
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
(2)钯催化剂的合成,合成通式如下:
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE004
(3)糠醛脱羰合成呋喃,合成通式如下:
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE005
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种双齿膦配体聚合物负载钯催化剂催化糠醛类衍生物脱羰反应的方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)双齿膦配体聚合物单体的合成,具体步骤是:
(1.1)向圆底烧瓶中加入9,9-二甲基氧杂蒽1a 5.0 g、四甲基乙二胺7.0 g和无水乙醚36 ml;0 oC 下,向反应液中缓慢加入正丁基锂24 ml, 2.5 M,反应液室温搅拌24 小时,得到1b产物反应液,不需纯化直接进行下一步反应;
(1.2)将得到的1b产物反应液冷却至-78 oC,随后缓慢滴加二-N,N-二乙基氯化磷12.6g的无水乙醚20 ml溶液,缓慢升温至室温并搅拌12 小时,反应结束后过滤,用无水乙醚2× 20 ml洗涤滤渣,滤液真空抽干溶剂后得到粗产物1c;
(1.3)粗产物1c中加入正己烷250 ml溶解,冷至0 oC,通入用浓硫酸干燥的氯化氢气体30 分钟后,将反应液过滤,所得到的滤液真空抽干溶剂,得到粗产物1d,不需纯化直接用于下一步;
(1.4)将对溴苯乙烯1e 4.0 g溶解在四氢呋喃40 ml中,-78 oC下向四氢呋喃混合液中缓慢滴加正丁基锂8.8 ml, 2.5 M,加完后-78 oC保温搅拌1小时;再向其中加入之前合成的粗产物1d的四氢呋喃 20 ml溶液,20min滴加完;将反应体系缓慢恢复室温继续搅拌2 小时,加入饱和的氯化铵溶液淬灭反应,萃取,水相用乙酸乙酯萃取一次,有机相用无水硫酸钠干燥,旋干溶剂;用硅胶柱提纯产物,得到浅黄色的4,5-双二(4-乙烯苯基)膦-9,9-二甲基氧杂蒽1f1.1g。
3.根据权利要求2所述的一种双齿膦配体聚合物负载钯催化剂催化糠醛类衍生物脱羰反应的方法,其特征在于,步骤(1.4)中用硅胶柱提纯产物,淋洗液为石油醚:乙酸乙酯= 5:1。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种双齿膦配体聚合物负载钯催化剂催化糠醛类衍生物脱羰反应的方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)钯催化剂的合成,具体步骤是:
(2.1)向反应管中加入4,5-双二(4-乙烯苯基)膦-9,9-二甲基氧杂蒽1f 0.68 g、偶氮二异丁腈0.068 g,和无水乙腈6.8 ml;
将反应管置于100℃下加热24小时后,将所得固液混合物过滤,分别用乙酸乙酯、石油醚、无水乙醚各10 mL先后洗涤滤渣,得到黄色不溶固体聚合物POL-Xantphos 2a;
(2.2)取醋酸钯0.112 g溶解到四氢呋喃40 ml中,然后加入得到的POL-Xantphos 2a,室温搅拌4 小时,过滤,抽干后,得到黄色固体Pd(OAc)2/ POL-Xantphos1.10 g催化剂。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种双齿膦配体聚合物负载钯催化剂催化糠醛类衍生物脱羰反应的方法,其特征在于,步骤(3)糠醛脱羰合成呋喃,具体步骤是:
取0.5 mmol的糠醛3a,0.5 mmol的碳酸钾,2 mol%的Pd(OAc)2/ POL-Xantphos和1.2 ml的1,4-二氧六环溶剂,140℃下反应6小时,反应结束后,催化剂通过离心分离,产率通过GC-MS测定为99%,催化剂可重复使用,反应结束后催化剂离心,过滤,用乙醇洗涤,可直接用于下一次反应。
CN201711429831.0A 2017-12-26 2017-12-26 一种双齿膦配体聚合物负载钯催化剂催化糠醛类衍生物脱羰反应的方法 Expired - Fee Related CN108129424B (zh)

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