CN108124800B - Oyster floating type hanging raft culture method - Google Patents
Oyster floating type hanging raft culture method Download PDFInfo
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- CN108124800B CN108124800B CN201711445524.1A CN201711445524A CN108124800B CN 108124800 B CN108124800 B CN 108124800B CN 201711445524 A CN201711445524 A CN 201711445524A CN 108124800 B CN108124800 B CN 108124800B
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- 241000237502 Ostreidae Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 119
- 235000020636 oyster Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 119
- 238000012136 culture method Methods 0.000 title claims description 24
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- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 claims description 32
- 208000034699 Vitreous floaters Diseases 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000012258 culturing Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 abstract description 10
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
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- 235000017166 Bambusa arundinacea Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000017491 Bambusa tulda Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241001330002 Bambuseae Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001522252 Crassostrea rivularis Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 description 1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/50—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish
- A01K61/54—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish of bivalves, e.g. oysters or mussels
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/70—Artificial fishing banks or reefs
- A01K61/75—Artificial fishing banks or reefs floating
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
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- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Farming Of Fish And Shellfish (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for cultivating oysters in a floating type hanging raft, which belongs to the technical field of cultivation and comprises the following steps: constructing a floating raft; hanging a raft for cultivation; sampling and detecting the weight increase of the floating raft every month after the feeding, and increasing the number of floats after detecting the weight increase of the floating raft every time; sinking the floating raft to a depth of 2.2-2.4 m at 29.8-34.9 ℃; sinking the floating raft to 3.3-3.5 m at 35-39.9 ℃; when the temperature is higher than 40 ℃, sinking the floating raft to 4.4-4.6 m; when the maximum wind speed reaches 12-13 grades, sinking the floating raft to 2.4-2.6 m; when the maximum wind speed reaches 14-15 grades, sinking the floating raft to 4.5-4.7 m; and when the maximum wind speed is more than or equal to 16 levels, sinking the floating raft to 5.4-5.6 m. The invention can avoid direct impact of strong light, high heat waves and wind waves, effectively protects the floating raft and the oysters, improves the survival rate of the oysters and obtains better economic benefit.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of cultivation. More particularly, the invention relates to a method for culturing oysters in a floating type hanging raft.
Background
The crassostrea rivularis artificial breeding has a history of more than three hundred years in China, the breeding method mainly comprises the steps of throwing stones, tiles, ceramics and rubber tires to breed at the initial stage (offshore), and the breeding is carried out in the later stage by inserting bamboo wood, cement products and the like, so that the yield is greatly improved. In recent years, under the influence of coastal industry, agricultural pollution discharge and the like, substrate pollution in offshore sea areas is serious, oyster diseases planted in the bottom areas are massively outbreak, losses are heavy, and planting technologies are gradually eliminated.
The existing oyster cultivation is developed to the deep water hanging cultivation by utilizing the floating raft, the diseases are effectively controlled due to the improvement of the cultivation environment, the cultivation period is shortened, the cost is reduced, and the cultivation benefit is improved.
Although the diseases and insect pests are controlled to a certain extent in the floating raft culture, in the oyster culture process, culture facilities float on the sea surface, and when high-temperature seasons come, the growth of oysters is directly influenced by strong light and strong heat waves, so that the oysters are extremely easy to die. In 2016, the temperature of the sea surface of the coastal sea of the south China sea lasts for more than 30 ℃, so that more than 90 percent of oysters cultured by the floating rafts die. When typhoon comes, strong wind force and strong sea waves directly impact the floating raft, and the floating raft is easy to damage. In 2014, the maximum wind speed of the Wilmason typhoon reaches 17 grades, the buoyant raft and the net cage on the coastal region of the south sea are almost damaged, and the economic loss caused by the buoyant raft and the net cage is immeasurable.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for culturing oysters in a floating type hanging raft, so that the floating raft can float upwards and sink as required, the direct impact of strong light, high heat waves and wind waves is avoided, the floating raft and the oysters are effectively protected, and better economic benefit is obtained.
To achieve these objects and other advantages in accordance with the present invention, there is provided an oyster submerging and floating type raft culture method, comprising:
A. constructing a buoyant raft, and arranging at least one floater on the buoyant raft to ensure that the buoyancy of all the floaters is greater than the gravity of the buoyant raft;
B. hanging a raft for cultivation;
C. sampling and detecting the weight increase of the floating raft for 1-6 months after the cultivation for 1-6 times per month; sampling and detecting the weight increase of the floating raft for 2 times every month in 7-12 months after the cultivation; sampling and detecting the weight increase of the floating raft for 3 times per month in 13-24 months after the cultivation; sampling and detecting the weight increase of the floating raft for 4 times every month in 25-36 months after the cultivation; after the weight increase of the floating raft is detected each time, the number of the floaters is increased, so that the buoyancy of all the floaters is larger than the gravity of the floating raft;
D. when the temperature reaches 29.8-34.9 ℃, sinking the floating raft to a depth of 2.2-2.4 m; when the temperature reaches 35-39.9 ℃, sinking the floating raft to 3.3-3.5 m; when the temperature is higher than 40 ℃, sinking the floating raft to 4.4-4.6 m;
E. when the maximum wind speed reaches 12-13 levels, sinking the floating raft to 2.4-2.6 m; when the maximum wind speed reaches 14-15 levels, sinking the floating raft to 4.5-4.7 m; and when the maximum wind speed is more than or equal to 16 levels, sinking the floating raft to 5.4-5.6 m.
Preferably, in the oyster sinking and floating type hanging raft culture method, when the temperature reaches 30-34.9 ℃, the sinking depth of the floating raft is 2.3 m; when the temperature reaches 35-39 ℃, sinking the floating raft to 3.4 m; when the temperature is higher than 40 ℃, sinking the floating raft to 4.5 meters; when the maximum wind speed reaches 12-13 levels, sinking the floating raft to 2.5 m; when the maximum wind speed reaches 14-15 levels, sinking the floating raft to 4.6 m; and when the maximum wind speed is more than or equal to 16 levels, sinking the floating raft to 5.5 m.
Preferably, in the method for culturing oysters in the floating type hanging raft, the floating raft comprises:
a buoyant raft body in a lattice shape;
a plurality of seedling ropes are arranged at intervals at the bottom of the floating raft body, the tops of the seedling ropes are fixedly arranged on the floating raft body, and the bottoms of the seedling ropes are provided with sinking weights.
Preferably, in the oyster sinking and floating type hanging raft culture method, the plurality of seedling ropes consist of a plurality of rows of seedling ropes which are arranged at intervals along the longitudinal direction, one row of seedling ropes are arranged at intervals along the transverse direction, one row of seedling ropes corresponds to one strip-shaped sinking weight, the sinking weight is arranged along the transverse direction, and the bottom of each seedling rope in one row of seedling ropes is fixedly arranged on the corresponding sinking weight;
the buoyant raft further comprises:
the floating raft comprises a plurality of pairs of vertical rods, wherein one sinking weight corresponds to one pair of vertical rods, the tops of the vertical rods are respectively fixedly connected with the floating raft body, the bottoms of the vertical rods are respectively fixedly connected with the two ends of the sinking weight corresponding to the bottom of the floating raft body, and the vertical rods are telescopic rods;
the utility model discloses a raft, including a plurality of stay cords, a montant corresponds a stay cord, the one end of stay cord pass behind the montant with rather than the heavy fixed connection that weighs down that corresponds, the other end of stay cord is located the outside of montant to fix on the buoyant raft body.
Preferably, in the method for cultivating oysters in the floating-sinking type hanging raft, the vertical rods are composed of a plurality of sections of loop bars which are sequentially arranged from top to bottom, the loop bars which are arranged above are sleeved on the loop bars which are adjacent to the loop bars and below the loop bars, the loop bars are in a hollow cylindrical shape, the loop bars are coaxially arranged and have the same length, two connecting ropes are respectively arranged between the top of one loop bar and the top of the loop bar sleeved outside the loop bar, the two connecting ropes are symmetrically arranged relative to the axis of the loop bar, the top and the bottom of each connecting rope are respectively fixedly connected with the tops of the two corresponding loop bars, the length of each connecting rope is smaller than or equal to the distance between the top and the bottom of the loop bar which is connected with the top of the connecting rope, the center of the bottoms of the other loop bars except the loop bar which is arranged at the lowest part is provided with a circular through hole, the loop bar which is arranged below passes through the through, and the outer diameter of the loop bar positioned at the lower part is equal to the diameter of the through hole on the loop bar positioned at the upper part.
Preferably, in the method for culturing oysters in the floating-sinking type hanging raft, the length of the connecting rope is smaller than the distance between the top and the bottom of the loop bar connected with the top of the connecting rope.
Preferably, in the method for culturing oysters in the floating type hanging raft, the floating raft further comprises:
many horizontal poles, its and sink the quantity that weighs down and the one-to-one, the horizontal pole with sink and weigh down the parallel, and be located rather than corresponding sink directly over weighing down, with sink the top of each seedling rope and the stay cord that corresponds all twine rather than the horizontal pole that corresponds, horizontal pole detachably fixes on the buoyant raft body.
The invention at least comprises the following beneficial effects:
according to the invention, the oysters on a row of seedling ropes can be lifted by lifting the two pull ropes on the pair of vertical rods, and the growth state of the oysters on the row of seedling ropes is observed or the oysters are weighed. When the temperature is higher or the wind power is larger, two pull ropes and a row of seedling ropes can be simultaneously put downwards to ensure that oysters on the row of seedling ropes sink to the corresponding depth, and the pull ropes can also be slowly tightened by utilizing the gravity of the traction anchor to sink the floating raft to the corresponding depth.
The floating raft can float and sink as required, avoids direct impact of strong light, high heat waves and wind waves, effectively protects the floating raft and oysters, improves the survival rate of the oysters, and obtains better economic benefit.
In the growth process of the oysters, the number of the floaters is gradually increased without increasing too much, so that the increased floaters can balance the weight increase of the oysters within a certain time, 1 to 3 persons can stand on the floating raft without sinking, the floating raft can float, and the floating raft can sink under the action of a small external force when the floating raft sinks, so that a large amount of manpower can be saved. If a plurality of floats are arranged at the beginning, the buoyancy of the floats can be large, and when the floating raft sinks, a large external force is needed to sink the floats.
Additional advantages, objects, and features of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and in part will become apparent to those having ordinary skill in the art upon examination of the following or may be learned from practice of the invention.
Drawings
Figure 1 is a schematic view of a structure of a raft according to an embodiment of the invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of an array of seedling ropes, pulling ropes and guide ropes according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the structure of two intermediate loop bars according to one embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the drawings and examples so that those skilled in the art can practice the invention with reference to the description.
It should be noted that in the description of the present invention, the terms "lateral", "longitudinal", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc. indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of description and simplicity of description, and do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
Example 1
The oyster floating type hanging raft culture method comprises the following steps:
A. the method comprises the following steps of weaving a square floating raft by using buoyant materials such as fir, arranging at least one polyethylene floater 170 on the floating raft, enabling the buoyancy of all the floaters 170 to be larger than the gravity of the floating raft, placing the floating raft on the sea surface, enabling the floating raft to be in a floating state finally due to the fact that the buoyancy generated by the floater 170 is larger than the gravity of the floating raft, and then fixing the floating raft (the fixing mode is any one of the prior art, for example, fixing the floating raft through a traction anchor), so that the floating raft cannot float away or can float in a small range;
B. the hanging raft culture is carried out in any hanging mode in the prior art;
C. sampling and detecting the weight increase of the floating raft for 1-6 months after the cultivation for 1-6 times per month; sampling and detecting the weight increase of the floating raft for 2 times every month in 7-12 months after the cultivation; sampling and detecting the weight increase of the floating raft for 3 times per month in 13-24 months after the cultivation; sampling and detecting the weight increase of the floating raft for 4 times every month in 25-36 months after the cultivation; after the weight increase of the floating raft is detected each time, the number of the floats 170 is increased, so that the buoyancy generated by all the floats 170 is larger than the gravity of the floating raft; after each weight increase of the floating raft is detected, the number of the floats 170 is increased, so that the buoyancy of all the floats 170 is larger than the gravity of the floating raft, and the floating raft is always in a floating state before the next detection, for example, after the floats are increased, the weight of the floating raft can be balanced or properly larger than the weight increase of oysters before the next detection, and 2 persons can stand on the floating raft without sinking; the growth condition of the oysters is detected regularly, the growth speed of the oysters is monitored, the weight increase of the oysters is measured, the number of the floaters 170 is increased correspondingly, the floating raft keeps the original balance, and the floating raft is prevented from sinking after the weight of the oysters is increased.
D. According to local weather forecast and automatic control monitoring, the damage of water temperatures formed by different air temperature levels to the oysters and a proper highest water temperature layer are measured and calculated, and the sinking depth of the floating raft is adjusted. When the temperature reaches 29.8-34.9 ℃ (cool heat), sinking the floating raft to 2.2 m; when the temperature reaches 35-39.9 ℃ (Qiheat), sinking the floating raft to 3.3 m; when the temperature is higher than 40 ℃ (extremely hot), the floating raft is sunk to a depth of 4.4 meters;
E. when the maximum wind speed reaches 12-13 levels, sinking the floating raft to 2.4 m; when the maximum wind speed reaches 14-15 levels, sinking the floating raft to 4.5 m; and when the maximum wind speed is more than or equal to 16 levels, sinking the floating raft to 5.4 m.
The oyster sinking and floating type hanging raft culture method can enable the floating raft to float and sink as required, avoids direct impact of strong illumination, high thermal waves and stormy waves, effectively protects the floating raft and oysters, improves the survival rate of the oysters, and obtains better economic benefit. When sinking, the traction rope is slowly tightened by the gravity of the traction anchor, and the floating raft sinks to the corresponding depth. Therefore, in continuous high-temperature weather, the floating raft does not influence the growth of the oysters even if the floating raft sinks for 7 days. After the temperature becomes low, or under the condition of non-high temperature, or after typhoon or without typhoon, the buoyant raft floats upwards, when floating upwards, the hauling rope is untied, the buoyant raft is lifted manually by utilizing the buoyancy of the ship, the buoyant raft floats upwards to the highest water temperature layer which is suitable for the water surface at most according to the requirement, and then the buoyant raft is fixed.
In the method for culturing oysters in the floating type hanging raft, as shown in fig. 1 to 3, the floating raft comprises:
a buoyant raft body 100 in a lattice shape; for example, the fir wood is formed by binding a plurality of fir woods 101 arranged crosswise and longitudinally by ropes. The left-right direction in fig. 1 is a lateral direction, and the front-back direction is a longitudinal direction.
A plurality of seedling ropes 110 which are arranged at the bottom of the buoyant raft body 100 at intervals, the top of the seedling ropes 110 is fixedly arranged on the buoyant raft body 100, and the bottom is provided with a sinking weight 120.
The top of the seedling rope 110 may be directly fixed to the fir wood forming the raft body 100, or the main rope 130 may be provided on the raft body 100 in the transverse direction so that the main rope 130 is parallel to the main flow direction of the ocean current, and then each seedling rope 110 is tied to the main rope 130. By arranging the main ropes 130 and binding the seedling ropes 110, the use of the fir can be reduced, and the weight of the floating raft can be reduced.
In the oyster floating type hanging raft culture method, the plurality of seedling ropes 110 are composed of a plurality of rows of seedling ropes 110, the plurality of rows of seedling ropes 110 are arranged at intervals along the longitudinal direction, one row of seedling ropes 110 are arranged at intervals along the transverse direction, one row of seedling ropes 110 are fixed on one main rope 130, the main rope 130 is parallel to the main flow direction of ocean current, one row of seedling ropes 110 corresponds to one elongated sinking weight 120, the cross section of the sinking weight 120 is uniform, for example, the sinking weight 120 is rectangular or cylindrical, the sinking weight 120 is arranged along the transverse direction, and the bottom of each seedling rope 110 in one row of seedling ropes 110 is fixedly arranged on the corresponding sinking weight 120; the seedling string 110 is straightened by the sinker 120.
The buoyant raft further comprises:
the floating raft comprises a plurality of pairs of vertical rods 140, wherein one sinking weight 120 corresponds to one pair of vertical rods 140, the tops of the pair of vertical rods 140 are respectively fixedly connected with the floating raft body 100, namely fixed on the fir, the bottoms of the pair of vertical rods 140 are respectively fixedly connected with the two ends of the sinking weight 120 corresponding to the bottom of the floating raft body, and the vertical rods 140 are telescopic rods; the pair of vertical bars 140 and the sinker 120 form a U-shape, and since the top of the vertical bars 140 is fixedly connected to the raft body 100, the vertical bars 140 and the sinker 120 cannot move relative to the raft body 100. Through sinking and weighing down 120 and linking together a seedling rope 110 for seedling rope 110 is difficult to rock under the stormy waves effect, makes seedling rope 110 difficult twine together, and then makes the stormy waves resistance of buoyant raft stronger.
A plurality of stay cords 150, a montant 140 corresponds a stay cord 150, and the heavy weight 120 fixed connection who corresponds behind the montant 140 is passed to the one end of stay cord 150, and the other end of stay cord 150 is located the outside of montant 140, and the other end of stay cord 150 is fixed on buoyant raft body 100 as required.
By lifting the two pulling ropes 150 of the pair of vertical bars 140, the oysters on the row of seedling ropes 110 can be lifted, and the growth state of the oysters on the row of seedling ropes 110 can be observed or weighed. The lengths of the seedling ropes 110, the pulling ropes 150 and the vertical bars 140 should be long, and when the temperature is high, two pulling ropes 150 and one row of the seedling ropes 110 can be simultaneously put downwards, so that the oysters on the row of the seedling ropes 110 sink to the corresponding depth, the upper ends of the seedling ropes 110 and the pulling ropes 150 are fixed on the buoyant raft body 100 or the main ropes 130, or the traction ropes can be slowly tightened by using the gravity of the traction anchors, so that the buoyant raft sinks to the corresponding depth.
In the oyster floating type hanging raft culture method, the vertical rod 140 is composed of a plurality of sections of loop bars 141 which are sequentially arranged from top to bottom, the loop bar 141 which is positioned above is sleeved on the loop bar 141 which is adjacent to the vertical rod and is positioned below the vertical rod, the loop bar 141 is in a hollow cylindrical shape, the loop bars 141 are coaxially arranged and have the same length, two connecting ropes 142 are respectively arranged between the top of one loop bar 141 and the top of the loop bar 141 which is sleeved outside the loop bar, the two connecting ropes 142 are symmetrically arranged relative to the axis of the loop bar 141, the top and the bottom of each connecting rope 142 are respectively fixedly connected with the tops of the two corresponding loop bars 141, the length of each connecting rope 142 is less than or equal to the distance between the top and the bottom of the loop bar 141 which is connected with the top of the connecting rope, so that the top of the loop bar 141 which is positioned below is always penetrated through the through hole on the loop bar 141 which is positioned above, except the loop bar 141, the centers of the bottoms of the other loop bars 141 are all provided with a circular through hole, the bottom of the loop bar 141 at the lowest position is provided with a hole for the pull rope 150 to pass through, the loop bar 141 at the lower position passes through the through hole on the loop bar 141 at the upper position, and the outer diameter of the loop bar 141 at the lower position is equal to the diameter of the through hole on the loop bar 141 at the upper position. When the pull rope 150 is loosened, the lower loop bar 141 can pass through the through hole under the action of the self gravity and the gravity of the lower loop bar 141, so that the vertical bar 140 is extended.
Thus, when the two pull ropes 150 on the pair of vertical rods 140 are lifted, the sinker 120 moves upward, and simultaneously the vertical rods 140 contract, so that the vertical rods 140 play a guiding role, and the sinker 120 can only move vertically.
In the oyster sinking and floating type hanging raft culture method, the length of the connecting rope 142 is smaller than the distance between the top and the bottom of the loop bar 141 connected with the top of the connecting rope.
Thus, the top of the lower rod 141 is inserted into the through hole of the upper rod 141, so that the lower rod 141 can only move up and down under the guiding of the through hole.
In the oyster sinking and floating type hanging raft culture method, the floating raft further comprises:
the cross bars 160 are equal to the sinking weights 120 in number and are in one-to-one correspondence, the cross bars 160 are parallel to the sinking weights 120 and are positioned right above the corresponding sinking weights 120, the tops of the seedling ropes 110 and the pull ropes 150 corresponding to the sinking weights 120 are wound on the corresponding cross bars 160, and the cross bars 160 are detachably fixed on the raft body 100. The main rope 130 is not required.
The lengths of the seedling ropes 110, the pulling ropes 150 and the vertical bars 140 should be long, and when the temperature is high, the cross bar 160 may be rotated, the seedling ropes 110 and the pulling ropes 150 wound around the cross bar 160 may be loosened, and after the oysters on one row of the seedling ropes 110 are sunk (the raft body 100 is not sunk) to a corresponding depth, the cross bar 160 may be fixed on the raft body 100. Or the traction rope can be slowly tightened by utilizing the gravity of the traction anchor to sink the oysters to the corresponding depth. After the temperature is lowered, the cross bar 160 is detached from the buoyant raft body 100, and the cross bar 160 is rotated in the opposite direction, so that the seedling ropes 110 and the pulling ropes 150 are wound on the cross bar 160, and the oysters rise to the surface of the water body and even are located above the buoyant raft. By providing the cross bar 160, the seedling rope 110 and the pulling rope 150 can be kept to be changed in length uniformly when being lengthened or shortened.
When the growth rate of oyster or the weight gain of measurement oyster need be monitored, rotatable horizontal pole 160 makes seedling rope 110, stay cord 150 twine on horizontal pole 160, or upwards lifts up horizontal pole 160, and the oyster rises to the top layer of water, lies in the top of buoyant raft even, after weighing, loosens seedling rope 110, stay cord 150 of twining on horizontal pole 160, makes the oyster on a row of seedling rope 110 sink to corresponding degree of depth after, fixes horizontal pole 160 on buoyant raft body 100.
Example 2
The oyster floating type hanging raft culture method comprises the following steps:
A. the method comprises the following steps of weaving a square floating raft by using buoyant materials such as fir, arranging at least one polyethylene floater 170 on the floating raft, enabling the buoyancy of all the floaters 170 to be larger than the gravity of the floating raft, placing the floating raft on the sea surface, enabling the floating raft to be in a floating state finally due to the fact that the buoyancy generated by the floater 170 is larger than the gravity of the floating raft, and then fixing the floating raft (the fixing mode is any one of the prior art, for example, fixing the floating raft through a traction anchor), so that the floating raft cannot float away or can float in a small range;
B. the hanging raft culture is carried out in any hanging mode in the prior art;
C. sampling and detecting the weight increase of the floating raft for 1-6 months after the cultivation for 1-6 times per month; sampling and detecting the weight increase of the floating raft for 2 times every month in 7-12 months after the cultivation; sampling and detecting the weight increase of the floating raft for 3 times per month in 13-24 months after the cultivation; sampling and detecting the weight increase of the floating raft for 4 times every month in 25-36 months after the cultivation; after the weight increase of the floating raft is detected each time, the number of the floats 170 is increased, so that the buoyancy generated by all the floats 170 is larger than the gravity of the floating raft; after the weight increase of the floating raft is detected each time, the number of the floats 170 is increased, so that the buoyancy of all the floats 170 is larger than the gravity of the floating raft, and the floating raft is always in a floating state before the next detection; the growth condition of the oysters is detected regularly, the growth speed of the oysters is monitored, the weight increase of the oysters is measured, the number of the floaters 170 is increased correspondingly, the floating raft keeps the original balance, and the floating raft is prevented from sinking after the weight of the oysters is increased.
D. According to local weather forecast and automatic control monitoring, the damage of water temperatures formed by different air temperature levels to the oysters and a proper highest water temperature layer are measured and calculated, and the sinking depth of the floating raft is adjusted. When the temperature reaches 29.8-34.9 ℃, sinking the floating raft to 2.3 m; when the temperature reaches 35-39.9 ℃, sinking the floating raft to 3.4 meters; when the temperature is higher than 40 ℃, sinking the floating raft to 4.5 meters;
E. when the maximum wind speed reaches 12-13 levels, sinking the floating raft to 2.5 m; when the maximum wind speed reaches 14-15 levels, sinking the floating raft to 4.6 m; and when the maximum wind speed is more than or equal to 16 levels, sinking the floating raft to 5.5 m. The optimal sinking depth of the floating raft at different temperatures and wind speeds is described above.
The oyster sinking and floating type hanging raft culture method can enable the floating raft to float and sink as required, avoids direct impact of strong illumination, high thermal waves and stormy waves, effectively protects the floating raft and oysters, improves the survival rate of the oysters, and obtains better economic benefit. When sinking, the traction rope is slowly tightened by the gravity of the traction anchor, and the floating raft sinks to the corresponding depth. Therefore, in continuous high-temperature weather, the floating raft does not influence the growth of the oysters even if the floating raft sinks for 7 days. After the temperature becomes low, or under the condition of non-high temperature, or after typhoon or without typhoon, the buoyant raft floats upwards, when floating upwards, the hauling rope is untied, the buoyant raft is lifted manually by utilizing the buoyancy of the ship, the buoyant raft floats upwards to the highest water temperature layer which is suitable for the water surface at most according to the requirement, and then the buoyant raft is fixed.
In the method for culturing oysters in the floating type hanging raft, as shown in fig. 1 to 3, the floating raft comprises:
a buoyant raft body 100 in a lattice shape; for example, the fir wood is formed by binding a plurality of fir woods 101 arranged crosswise and longitudinally by ropes. The left-right direction in fig. 1 is a lateral direction, and the front-back direction is a longitudinal direction.
A plurality of seedling ropes 110 which are arranged at the bottom of the buoyant raft body 100 at intervals, the top of the seedling ropes 110 is fixedly arranged on the buoyant raft body 100, and the bottom is provided with a sinking weight 120.
The top of the seedling rope 110 may be directly fixed to the fir wood forming the raft body 100, or the main rope 130 may be provided on the raft body 100 in the transverse direction so that the main rope 130 is parallel to the main flow direction of the ocean current, and then each seedling rope 110 is tied to the main rope 130. By arranging the main ropes 130 and binding the seedling ropes 110, the use of the fir can be reduced, and the weight of the floating raft can be reduced.
In the oyster floating type hanging raft culture method, the plurality of seedling ropes 110 are composed of a plurality of rows of seedling ropes 110, the plurality of rows of seedling ropes 110 are arranged at intervals along the longitudinal direction, one row of seedling ropes 110 are arranged at intervals along the transverse direction, one row of seedling ropes 110 are fixed on one main rope 130, the main rope 130 is parallel to the main flow direction of ocean current, one row of seedling ropes 110 corresponds to one elongated sinking weight 120, the cross section of the sinking weight 120 is uniform, for example, the sinking weight 120 is rectangular or cylindrical, the sinking weight 120 is arranged along the transverse direction, and the bottom of each seedling rope 110 in one row of seedling ropes 110 is fixedly arranged on the corresponding sinking weight 120; the seedling string 110 is straightened by the sinker 120.
The buoyant raft further comprises:
the floating raft comprises a plurality of pairs of vertical rods 140, wherein one sinking weight 120 corresponds to one pair of vertical rods 140, the tops of the pair of vertical rods 140 are respectively fixedly connected with the floating raft body 100, namely fixed on the fir, the bottoms of the pair of vertical rods 140 are respectively fixedly connected with the two ends of the sinking weight 120 corresponding to the bottom of the floating raft body, and the vertical rods 140 are telescopic rods; the pair of vertical bars 140 and the sinker 120 form a U-shape, and since the top of the vertical bars 140 is fixedly connected to the raft body 100, the vertical bars 140 and the sinker 120 cannot move relative to the raft body 100. Through sinking and weighing down 120 and linking together a seedling rope 110 for seedling rope 110 is difficult to rock under the stormy waves effect, makes seedling rope 110 difficult twine together, and then makes the stormy waves resistance of buoyant raft stronger.
A plurality of stay cords 150, a montant 140 corresponds a stay cord 150, and the heavy weight 120 fixed connection who corresponds behind the montant 140 is passed to the one end of stay cord 150, and the other end of stay cord 150 is located the outside of montant 140, and the other end of stay cord 150 is fixed on buoyant raft body 100 as required.
By lifting the two pulling ropes 150 of the pair of vertical bars 140, the oysters on the row of seedling ropes 110 can be lifted, and the growth state of the oysters on the row of seedling ropes 110 can be observed or weighed. The lengths of the seedling ropes 110, the pulling ropes 150 and the vertical bars 140 should be long, and when the temperature is high, two pulling ropes 150 and one row of the seedling ropes 110 can be simultaneously put downwards, so that the oysters on the row of the seedling ropes 110 sink to the corresponding depth, the upper ends of the seedling ropes 110 and the pulling ropes 150 are fixed on the buoyant raft body 100 or the main ropes 130, or the traction ropes can be slowly tightened by using the gravity of the traction anchors, so that the buoyant raft sinks to the corresponding depth.
In the oyster floating type hanging raft culture method, the vertical rod 140 is composed of a plurality of sections of loop bars 141 which are sequentially arranged from top to bottom, the loop bar 141 which is positioned above is sleeved on the loop bar 141 which is adjacent to the vertical rod and is positioned below the vertical rod, the loop bar 141 is in a hollow cylindrical shape, the loop bars 141 are coaxially arranged and have the same length, two connecting ropes 142 are respectively arranged between the top of one loop bar 141 and the top of the loop bar 141 which is sleeved outside the loop bar, the two connecting ropes 142 are symmetrically arranged relative to the axis of the loop bar 141, the top and the bottom of each connecting rope 142 are respectively fixedly connected with the tops of the two corresponding loop bars 141, the length of each connecting rope 142 is less than or equal to the distance between the top and the bottom of the loop bar 141 which is connected with the top of the connecting rope, so that the top of the loop bar 141 which is positioned below is always penetrated through the through hole on the loop bar 141 which is positioned above, except the loop bar 141, the centers of the bottoms of the other loop bars 141 are all provided with a circular through hole, the bottom of the loop bar 141 at the lowest position is provided with a hole for the pull rope 150 to pass through, the loop bar 141 at the lower position passes through the through hole on the loop bar 141 at the upper position, and the outer diameter of the loop bar 141 at the lower position is equal to the diameter of the through hole on the loop bar 141 at the upper position. When the pull rope 150 is loosened, the lower loop bar 141 can pass through the through hole under the action of the self gravity and the gravity of the lower loop bar 141, so that the vertical bar 140 is extended.
Thus, when the two pull ropes 150 on the pair of vertical rods 140 are lifted, the sinker 120 moves upward, and simultaneously the vertical rods 140 contract, so that the vertical rods 140 play a guiding role, and the sinker 120 can only move vertically.
In the oyster sinking and floating type hanging raft culture method, the length of the connecting rope 142 is smaller than the distance between the top and the bottom of the loop bar 141 connected with the top of the connecting rope.
Thus, the top of the lower rod 141 is inserted into the through hole of the upper rod 141, so that the lower rod 141 can only move up and down under the guiding of the through hole.
In the oyster sinking and floating type hanging raft culture method, the floating raft further comprises:
the cross bars 160 are equal to the sinking weights 120 in number and are in one-to-one correspondence, the cross bars 160 are parallel to the sinking weights 120 and are positioned right above the corresponding sinking weights 120, the tops of the seedling ropes 110 and the pull ropes 150 corresponding to the sinking weights 120 are wound on the corresponding cross bars 160, and the cross bars 160 are detachably fixed on the raft body 100. The main rope 130 is not required.
The lengths of the seedling ropes 110, the pulling ropes 150 and the vertical bars 140 should be long, and when the temperature is high, the cross bar 160 may be rotated, the seedling ropes 110 and the pulling ropes 150 wound around the cross bar 160 may be loosened, and after the oysters on one row of the seedling ropes 110 are sunk (the raft body 100 is not sunk) to a corresponding depth, the cross bar 160 may be fixed on the raft body 100. Or the traction rope can be slowly tightened by utilizing the gravity of the traction anchor to sink the oysters to the corresponding depth. After the temperature is lowered, the cross bar 160 is detached from the buoyant raft body 100, and the cross bar 160 is rotated in the opposite direction, so that the seedling ropes 110 and the pulling ropes 150 are wound on the cross bar 160, and the oysters rise to the surface of the water body and even are located above the buoyant raft. By providing the cross bar 160, the seedling rope 110 and the pulling rope 150 can be kept to be changed in length uniformly when being lengthened or shortened.
When the growth rate of oyster or the weight gain of measurement oyster need be monitored, rotatable horizontal pole 160 makes seedling rope 110, stay cord 150 twine on horizontal pole 160, or upwards lifts up horizontal pole 160, and the oyster rises to the top layer of water, lies in the top of buoyant raft even, after weighing, loosens seedling rope 110, stay cord 150 of twining on horizontal pole 160, makes the oyster on a row of seedling rope 110 sink to corresponding degree of depth after, fixes horizontal pole 160 on buoyant raft body 100.
Example 3
The oyster floating type hanging raft culture method comprises the following steps:
A. the method comprises the following steps of weaving a square floating raft by using buoyant materials such as fir, arranging at least one polyethylene floater 170 on the floating raft, enabling the buoyancy of all the floaters 170 to be larger than the gravity of the floating raft, placing the floating raft on the sea surface, enabling the floating raft to be in a floating state finally due to the fact that the buoyancy generated by the floater 170 is larger than the gravity of the floating raft, and then fixing the floating raft (the fixing mode is any one of the prior art, for example, fixing the floating raft through a traction anchor), so that the floating raft cannot float away or can float in a small range;
B. the hanging raft culture is carried out in any hanging mode in the prior art;
C. sampling and detecting the weight increase of the floating raft for 1-6 months after the cultivation for 1-6 times per month; sampling and detecting the weight increase of the floating raft for 2 times every month in 7-12 months after the cultivation; sampling and detecting the weight increase of the floating raft for 3 times per month in 13-24 months after the cultivation; sampling and detecting the weight increase of the floating raft for 4 times every month in 25-36 months after the cultivation; after the weight increase of the floating raft is detected each time, the number of the floats 170 is increased, so that the buoyancy generated by all the floats 170 is larger than the gravity of the floating raft; after the weight increase of the floating raft is detected each time, the number of the floats 170 is increased, so that the buoyancy of all the floats 170 is larger than the gravity of the floating raft, and the floating raft is always in a floating state before the next detection; the growth condition of the oysters is detected regularly, the growth speed of the oysters is monitored, the weight increase of the oysters is measured, the number of the floaters 170 is increased correspondingly, the floating raft keeps the original balance, and the floating raft is prevented from sinking after the weight of the oysters is increased.
D. According to local weather forecast and automatic control monitoring, the damage of water temperatures formed by different air temperature levels to the oysters and a proper highest water temperature layer are measured and calculated, and the sinking depth of the floating raft is adjusted. When the temperature reaches 29.8-34.9 ℃ (cool heat), sinking the floating raft to 2.4 meters; when the temperature reaches 35-39.9 ℃ (Qiheat), sinking the floating raft to 3.5 meters; when the temperature is higher than 40 ℃ (extremely hot), the floating raft is sunk to a depth of 4.6 meters;
E. when the maximum wind speed reaches 12-13 levels, sinking the floating raft to 2.6 m; when the maximum wind speed reaches 14-15 levels, sinking the floating raft to 4.7 m; and when the maximum wind speed is more than or equal to 16 levels, sinking the floating raft to 5.6 m.
The oyster sinking and floating type hanging raft culture method can enable the floating raft to float and sink as required, avoids direct impact of strong illumination, high thermal waves and stormy waves, effectively protects the floating raft and oysters, improves the survival rate of the oysters, and obtains better economic benefit. When sinking, the traction rope is slowly tightened by the gravity of the traction anchor, and the floating raft sinks to the corresponding depth. Therefore, in continuous high-temperature weather, the floating raft does not influence the growth of the oysters even if the floating raft sinks for 7 days. After the temperature becomes low, or under the condition of non-high temperature, or after typhoon or without typhoon, the buoyant raft floats upwards, when floating upwards, the hauling rope is untied, the buoyant raft is lifted manually by utilizing the buoyancy of the ship, the buoyant raft floats upwards to the highest water temperature layer which is suitable for the water surface at most according to the requirement, and then the buoyant raft is fixed.
In the method for culturing oysters in the floating type hanging raft, as shown in fig. 1 to 3, the floating raft comprises:
a buoyant raft body 100 in a lattice shape; for example, the fir wood is formed by binding a plurality of fir woods 101 arranged crosswise and longitudinally by ropes. The left-right direction in fig. 1 is a lateral direction, and the front-back direction is a longitudinal direction.
A plurality of seedling ropes 110 which are arranged at the bottom of the buoyant raft body 100 at intervals, the top of the seedling ropes 110 is fixedly arranged on the buoyant raft body 100, and the bottom is provided with a sinking weight 120.
The top of the seedling rope 110 may be directly fixed to the fir wood forming the raft body 100, or the main rope 130 may be provided on the raft body 100 in the transverse direction so that the main rope 130 is parallel to the main flow direction of the ocean current, and then each seedling rope 110 is tied to the main rope 130. By arranging the main ropes 130 and binding the seedling ropes 110, the use of the fir can be reduced, and the weight of the floating raft can be reduced.
In the oyster floating type hanging raft culture method, the plurality of seedling ropes 110 are composed of a plurality of rows of seedling ropes 110, the plurality of rows of seedling ropes 110 are arranged at intervals along the longitudinal direction, one row of seedling ropes 110 are arranged at intervals along the transverse direction, one row of seedling ropes 110 are fixed on one main rope 130, the main rope 130 is parallel to the main flow direction of ocean current, one row of seedling ropes 110 corresponds to one elongated sinking weight 120, the cross section of the sinking weight 120 is uniform, for example, the sinking weight 120 is rectangular or cylindrical, the sinking weight 120 is arranged along the transverse direction, and the bottom of each seedling rope 110 in one row of seedling ropes 110 is fixedly arranged on the corresponding sinking weight 120; the seedling string 110 is straightened by the sinker 120.
The buoyant raft further comprises:
the floating raft comprises a plurality of pairs of vertical rods 140, wherein one sinking weight 120 corresponds to one pair of vertical rods 140, the tops of the pair of vertical rods 140 are respectively fixedly connected with the floating raft body 100, namely fixed on the fir, the bottoms of the pair of vertical rods 140 are respectively fixedly connected with the two ends of the sinking weight 120 corresponding to the bottom of the floating raft body, and the vertical rods 140 are telescopic rods; the pair of vertical bars 140 and the sinker 120 form a U-shape, and since the top of the vertical bars 140 is fixedly connected to the raft body 100, the vertical bars 140 and the sinker 120 cannot move relative to the raft body 100. Through sinking and weighing down 120 and linking together a seedling rope 110 for seedling rope 110 is difficult to rock under the stormy waves effect, makes seedling rope 110 difficult twine together, and then makes the stormy waves resistance of buoyant raft stronger.
A plurality of stay cords 150, a montant 140 corresponds a stay cord 150, and the heavy weight 120 fixed connection who corresponds behind the montant 140 is passed to the one end of stay cord 150, and the other end of stay cord 150 is located the outside of montant 140, and the other end of stay cord 150 is fixed on buoyant raft body 100 as required.
By lifting the two pulling ropes 150 of the pair of vertical bars 140, the oysters on the row of seedling ropes 110 can be lifted, and the growth state of the oysters on the row of seedling ropes 110 can be observed or weighed. The lengths of the seedling ropes 110, the pulling ropes 150 and the vertical bars 140 should be long, and when the temperature is high, two pulling ropes 150 and one row of the seedling ropes 110 can be simultaneously put downwards, so that the oysters on the row of the seedling ropes 110 sink to the corresponding depth, the upper ends of the seedling ropes 110 and the pulling ropes 150 are fixed on the buoyant raft body 100 or the main ropes 130, or the traction ropes can be slowly tightened by using the gravity of the traction anchors, so that the buoyant raft sinks to the corresponding depth.
In the oyster floating type hanging raft culture method, the vertical rod 140 is composed of a plurality of sections of loop bars 141 which are sequentially arranged from top to bottom, the loop bar 141 which is positioned above is sleeved on the loop bar 141 which is adjacent to the vertical rod and is positioned below the vertical rod, the loop bar 141 is in a hollow cylindrical shape, the loop bars 141 are coaxially arranged and have the same length, two connecting ropes 142 are respectively arranged between the top of one loop bar 141 and the top of the loop bar 141 which is sleeved outside the loop bar, the two connecting ropes 142 are symmetrically arranged relative to the axis of the loop bar 141, the top and the bottom of each connecting rope 142 are respectively fixedly connected with the tops of the two corresponding loop bars 141, the length of each connecting rope 142 is less than or equal to the distance between the top and the bottom of the loop bar 141 which is connected with the top of the connecting rope, so that the top of the loop bar 141 which is positioned below is always penetrated through the through hole on the loop bar 141 which is positioned above, except the loop bar 141, the centers of the bottoms of the other loop bars 141 are all provided with a circular through hole, the bottom of the loop bar 141 at the lowest position is provided with a hole for the pull rope 150 to pass through, the loop bar 141 at the lower position passes through the through hole on the loop bar 141 at the upper position, and the outer diameter of the loop bar 141 at the lower position is equal to the diameter of the through hole on the loop bar 141 at the upper position. When the pull rope 150 is loosened, the lower loop bar 141 can pass through the through hole under the action of the self gravity and the gravity of the lower loop bar 141, so that the vertical bar 140 is extended.
Thus, when the two pull ropes 150 on the pair of vertical rods 140 are lifted, the sinker 120 moves upward, and simultaneously the vertical rods 140 contract, so that the vertical rods 140 play a guiding role, and the sinker 120 can only move vertically.
In the oyster sinking and floating type hanging raft culture method, the length of the connecting rope 142 is smaller than the distance between the top and the bottom of the loop bar 141 connected with the top of the connecting rope.
Thus, the top of the lower rod 141 is inserted into the through hole of the upper rod 141, so that the lower rod 141 can only move up and down under the guiding of the through hole.
In the oyster sinking and floating type hanging raft culture method, the floating raft further comprises:
the cross bars 160 are equal to the sinking weights 120 in number and are in one-to-one correspondence, the cross bars 160 are parallel to the sinking weights 120 and are positioned right above the corresponding sinking weights 120, the tops of the seedling ropes 110 and the pull ropes 150 corresponding to the sinking weights 120 are wound on the corresponding cross bars 160, and the cross bars 160 are detachably fixed on the raft body 100. The main rope 130 is not required.
The lengths of the seedling ropes 110, the pulling ropes 150 and the vertical bars 140 should be long, and when the temperature is high, the cross bar 160 may be rotated, the seedling ropes 110 and the pulling ropes 150 wound around the cross bar 160 may be loosened, and after the oysters on one row of the seedling ropes 110 are sunk (the raft body 100 is not sunk) to a corresponding depth, the cross bar 160 may be fixed on the raft body 100. Or the traction rope can be slowly tightened by utilizing the gravity of the traction anchor to sink the oysters to the corresponding depth. After the temperature is lowered, the cross bar 160 is detached from the buoyant raft body 100, and the cross bar 160 is rotated in the opposite direction, so that the seedling ropes 110 and the pulling ropes 150 are wound on the cross bar 160, and the oysters rise to the surface of the water body and even are located above the buoyant raft. By providing the cross bar 160, the seedling rope 110 and the pulling rope 150 can be kept to be changed in length uniformly when being lengthened or shortened.
When the growth rate of oyster or the weight gain of measurement oyster need be monitored, rotatable horizontal pole 160 makes seedling rope 110, stay cord 150 twine on horizontal pole 160, or upwards lifts up horizontal pole 160, and the oyster rises to the top layer of water, lies in the top of buoyant raft even, after weighing, loosens seedling rope 110, stay cord 150 of twining on horizontal pole 160, makes the oyster on a row of seedling rope 110 sink to corresponding degree of depth after, fixes horizontal pole 160 on buoyant raft body 100.
Comparative example 1
And (4) after manufacturing the grid-shaped floating raft, hanging the floating raft for cultivation, wherein the floating raft always floats on the sea surface.
Test 1
Selecting the offshore area within 10 kilometers, and the depth of water in the culture sea area to be more than 7 meters, and adopting the methods of examples 1-3 and comparative example 1 to culture the oysters, wherein the length of the buoyant raft is 12m, and the width of the buoyant raft is 7 m. The concrete methods for the hanging raft culture are as follows: a plurality of main ropes (as shown in fig. 1) extending in the transverse direction are arranged on the floating raft at intervals, so that the main ropes are parallel to the main flow direction of the ocean current, and a plurality of plastic seedling ropes are arranged at intervals at the bottom of each main rope along the length direction of the main rope. There are 8 ~ 10 adhereings on every cluster seedling rope, between two upper and lower adhereings at a distance of 10cm, and the seedling rope bottom is binded the heavy object and is regarded as heavy weight, sinks to fall apart from the adhereing at the bottommost 10cm, when not sinking, and the adhereing at the topmost is from the surface of water 50cm, pastes the oyster's insulating membrane larva in 6 months every year on the adhereing, makes 60 oyster seedlings, buoyant raft density on every adhereing: throwing 0.3 mu of buoyant raft in 1 mu of sea area, wherein the density of the attaching base is as follows: 25 clusters/square meter with 2 and a half years between feed and harvest. In embodiments 1 to 3, the buoyant raft and the oysters are sunk together during sinking, and after the initial installation of the floats or replacement of the floats, the buoyancy of all the floats can balance the weight of the entire buoyant raft, and can also balance the weight of 110 plus 220kg, so that people can conveniently stand on the buoyant raft.
The oysters are cultured by the methods of examples 1-3 and comparative example 1, and the culture results such as survival rate, loss rate, average weight of each oyster and service life of the floating raft are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 results of oyster cultivation using the methods of examples 1 to 3 and comparative example 1
As can be seen from table 1, in examples 1 to 3, the buoyant raft floats upwards and sinks as needed, so that direct impact of strong light, high heat waves and wind waves is avoided, the buoyant raft and oysters are effectively protected, and the survival rate and the individual weight of the oysters are increased as compared with comparative example 1. And because the floating raft structure of the invention is stable, the ability to resist wind and wave is strong, so can reduce the oyster the rate of running off, improve the life cycle of the floating raft, and has obtained very good economic benefits.
While embodiments of the invention have been described above, it is not limited to the applications set forth in the description and the embodiments, which are fully applicable to various fields of endeavor for which the invention may be embodied with additional modifications as would be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the invention is therefore not limited to the details shown and described herein without departing from the generic concept as defined by the claims and their equivalents.
Claims (4)
1. The oyster floating type hanging raft culture method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
A. constructing a buoyant raft, and arranging at least one floater on the buoyant raft to ensure that the buoyancy of all the floaters is greater than the gravity of the buoyant raft;
B. hanging a raft for cultivation;
C. sampling and detecting the weight increase of the floating raft for 1-6 months after the cultivation for 1-6 times per month; sampling and detecting the weight increase of the floating raft for 2 times every month in 7-12 months after the cultivation; sampling and detecting the weight increase of the floating raft for 3 times per month in 13-24 months after the cultivation; sampling and detecting the weight increase of the floating raft for 4 times every month in 25-36 months after the cultivation; after the weight increase of the floating raft is detected each time, the number of the floaters is increased, so that the buoyancy of all the floaters is larger than the gravity of the floating raft;
D. when the temperature reaches 29.8-34.9 ℃, sinking the floating raft to a distance of 2.2-2.4 m from the horizontal plane; when the temperature reaches 35-39.9 ℃, sinking the floating raft to a distance of 3.3-3.5 m from the horizontal plane; when the temperature is higher than 40 ℃, the floating raft is sunk to the position where the distance between the floating raft and the horizontal plane is 4.4-4.6 m;
E. when the maximum wind speed reaches 12-13 grades, sinking the floating raft to the position with the distance between the floating raft and the horizontal plane being 2.4-2.6 m; when the maximum wind speed reaches 14-15 grades, the floating raft is sunk to the position where the distance between the floating raft and the horizontal plane is 4.5-4.7 m; when the maximum wind speed is more than or equal to 16 levels, sinking the floating raft to the position with the distance between the floating raft and the horizontal plane being 5.4-5.6 m;
wherein the buoyant raft comprises:
a buoyant raft body in a lattice shape;
the seedling ropes are arranged at the bottom of the floating raft body at intervals, the tops of the seedling ropes are fixedly arranged on the floating raft body, and the bottoms of the seedling ropes are provided with sinking weights; the seedling ropes are composed of a plurality of rows of seedling ropes which are arranged at intervals along the longitudinal direction, one row of seedling ropes are arranged at intervals along the transverse direction, one row of seedling ropes corresponds to one long strip-shaped sinking weight, the sinking weight is arranged along the transverse direction, and the bottom of each seedling rope in one row of seedling ropes is fixedly arranged on the corresponding sinking weight;
the floating raft comprises a plurality of pairs of vertical rods, wherein one sinking weight corresponds to one pair of vertical rods, the tops of the vertical rods are respectively fixedly connected with the floating raft body, the bottoms of the vertical rods are respectively fixedly connected with the two ends of the sinking weight corresponding to the bottom of the floating raft body, and the vertical rods are telescopic rods; the vertical rod is composed of a plurality of sections of loop bars which are arranged from top to bottom in sequence, the loop bar positioned above is sleeved on the loop bar which is adjacent to the loop bar and positioned below the loop bar, the loop bar is in a hollow cylinder shape, each section of loop bar is coaxially arranged, the lengths of the two connecting ropes are equal, two connecting ropes are respectively arranged between the top of one loop bar and the top of the loop bar sleeved outside the loop bar, the two connecting ropes are symmetrically arranged relative to the axis of the loop bar, the top and the bottom of each connecting rope are respectively and fixedly connected with the tops of the two corresponding loop bars, the length of each connecting rope is less than or equal to the distance between the top and the bottom of the loop bar connected with the top of the connecting rope, except the loop bar positioned at the lowest part, the centers of the bottoms of other loop bars are provided with a circular through hole, the loop bar positioned at the lower part passes through the through hole on the loop bar positioned at the upper part, the outer diameter of the loop bar positioned below is equal to the diameter of the through hole on the loop bar positioned above;
the utility model discloses a raft, including a plurality of stay cords, a montant corresponds a stay cord, the one end of stay cord pass behind the montant with rather than the heavy fixed connection that weighs down that corresponds, the other end of stay cord is located the outside of montant to fix on the buoyant raft body.
2. The method for cultivating oysters in the floating type hanging raft as claimed in claim 1, wherein when the temperature reaches 29.8-34.9 ℃, the floating raft is sunk to be 2.3 meters away from the horizontal plane; when the temperature reaches 35-39.9 ℃, sinking the floating raft to a distance of 3.4 meters from the horizontal plane; when the temperature is higher than 40 ℃, the floating raft is sunk to the position where the distance between the floating raft and the horizontal plane is 4.5 m; when the maximum wind speed reaches 12-13 levels, sinking the floating raft to the position with the distance to the horizontal plane of 2.5 m; when the maximum wind speed reaches 14-15 levels, sinking the floating raft to a distance of 4.6m from the horizontal plane; when the maximum wind speed is more than or equal to 16 levels, the floating raft is sunk to the position where the distance between the floating raft and the horizontal plane is 5.5 m.
3. The method for culturing oysters in a floating and sinking type hanging raft as recited in claim 1, wherein the length of the connecting rope is smaller than the distance between the top and the bottom of the loop bar connected to the top of the connecting rope.
4. The method for culturing oysters in the floating type hanging raft according to claim 1, wherein the floating raft further comprises:
many horizontal poles, its and sink the quantity that weighs down and the one-to-one, the horizontal pole with sink and weigh down the parallel, and be located rather than corresponding sink directly over weighing down, with sink the top of each seedling rope and the stay cord that corresponds all twine rather than the horizontal pole that corresponds, horizontal pole detachably fixes on the buoyant raft body.
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| CN109329159A (en) * | 2018-12-06 | 2019-02-15 | 莆田市海发水产开发有限公司 | A kind of anti-red tide buoyant raft abalone culture device |
| CN110169380A (en) * | 2019-06-26 | 2019-08-27 | 唐山市曹妃甸区农林畜牧水产技术推广站 | A kind of beach oyster culture method based on soil or thin sand and soil |
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