CN108117597A - 一种新型鲮鱼胶原抗氧化肽的制备工艺 - Google Patents
一种新型鲮鱼胶原抗氧化肽的制备工艺 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明设计一种海洋细菌胞外蛋白酶酶解鲮鱼皮胶原蛋白制备抗氧化肽的方法,制备方法如下:(1)将海洋细菌Vibrio sp.SQS2‑3菌株接种于液体种子培养基,震荡培养1~2天,然后接种于发酵培养基,培养4‑5天,经离心、透析后制得粗酶液;(2)将经过丙酮脱脂后的鲮鱼皮放置在80℃超纯水中水浴30min,然后经过过滤、离心、透析、冻干后制得鲮鱼皮胶原蛋白;(3)将粗酶液与鲮鱼皮胶原蛋白以1:10的比例混合,放置在37℃摇床中酶解15h,经过灭活、离心、超滤、Sephadex LH‑20凝胶过滤层析的方法制得抗氧化肽,经质谱鉴定其氨基酸序列为Thr‑Ala‑Gly‑His‑Pro‑Gly‑Thr‑His。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种利用微生物蛋白酶酶解鱼皮胶原制备抗氧化肽的方法,属于生物技术技术领域。
背景技术
我国海洋与淡水水域面积广阔,水产资源丰富,随着渔业的发展,水产品加工业的发展也得以推动。据统计,每年有大约两千万吨富含蛋白质的鱼类副产品在加工过程中产生,它们大部分被直接丢弃或用于制作动物饲料、鱼粉等低值产品,造成了严重的资源浪费。因此,科研人员开始探讨开发提高副产品利用率与价值的新方法。近年来,国内外有研究报道利用副产品中的蛋白质成功制备出具有不同生物活性的肽类分子,其中抗氧化肽成为食品、医药、护肤领域中的研究热点。
抗氧化肽是一种具有自由基清除能力(如清除羟自由基、超氧阴离子自由基、一氧化氮自由基等)、还原能力或间接抑制氧化过程发生能力的肽类物质的总称。抗氧化肽是天然抗氧化剂的主要成员之一,参与了生物体细胞内的抗氧化和解毒过程,抗氧化能力的下降会诱发细胞产生氧化应激,造成细胞的损伤与功能缺失,与细胞衰老和疾病的发生具有密切的关系。研究表明,抗氧化肽的抗氧化能力与其氨基酸残基的种类、排列和分子量有着密切的关系,目前普遍认为,半胱氨酸、酪氨酸、色氨酸和组氨酸可作为氢原子供体,与抗氧化肽的自由基清除能力有密切关系,自身形成稳定的结构,使自由基链式反应终止;酸性氨基酸与组氨酸具有亚铁离子螯合能力,可抑制亚铁离子催化的Fenton反应发生,阻止了羟自由基的生成,间接抑制了氧化反应的发生。此外,研究显示分子量较小的肽类更有可能具有抗氧化潜力,这可能是由于小分子肽不具有复杂的空间结构,使功能基团得以暴露并更容易接近氧化性物质,从而更好地发挥抗氧化功能。
目前在自然界中发现的抗氧化肽种类却极少,而大分子蛋白质中具有大量不同的氨基酸序列信息,通过物理、化学或生物的方法使蛋白质和多肽断裂,释放出不同结构的肽段,这为获得潜在的生物活性肽提供了新的研究思路。普遍认为,生物学方法(如蛋白酶酶解、微生物发酵等)是最具有开发潜力和应用前景的方法。与化学、物理方法制备抗氧化肽的方法相比,生物学方法具有以下优点:(1)能够专一性切割蛋白,产物重现性好,产率高;(2)反应体系温和,可控性高,产物稳定性高;(3)无化学试剂添加,安全性高,生产成本低。因此,通过生物学方法降解蛋白获得新型抗氧化肽是目前应用研究领域的焦点,在医药、护肤、保健、食品领域有着巨大的潜在市场。虽然生物学方法在理论上具有良好的开发利用价值,但是要求蛋白质底物与选用的蛋白酶或微生物种类搭配合适才能获得理想的产物,因此目前总体来看开发利用程度仍然较低。
鲮鱼(Cirrhinus molitorella)是一种在南方地区广泛养殖的经济鱼类,其中鱼皮在加工过程中往往被丢弃,而动物皮肤中含有丰富的胶原蛋白,其中鱼皮中胶原蛋白含量比陆生动物皮肤中胶原蛋白含量要高,胶原结构的稳定性更低,因此可作为一种生物活性肽制备的低值蛋白质源加以利用,但目前国内外利用鲮鱼皮制备活性肽的研究仍十分缺乏。
发明内容
本发明针对现有技术的不足,提供了一种利用微生物胞外蛋白酶酶解从鱼类中提取的胶原蛋白制备、纯化新型抗氧化肽的方法。
步骤如下:
(一)微生物胞外蛋白酶的制备:
1、将产胞外蛋白酶细菌Vibrio sp.SQS2-3菌株接种于液体种子培养基,在17℃水平摇床中震荡培养2-3天,转速为200rpm,然后按2%(v/v)的接种量接种于发酵培养基中,在17℃水平摇床中震荡培养5天,转速为180rpm,制得发酵液;
2、将发酵液倒入离心管中进行低温高速离心,离心条件为10000×g,4℃,30min,然后收集上清液,倒入新的离心管中,13000×g,4℃离心15min,重复2-3遍,直到上清沉淀较少;将上清液加入到分子截留量为8000-14000Da的透析袋中,用透析袋夹密封,然后放置在浓度为20mM,pH 7.8的Tris-HCl中冰浴透析2h,然后更换新的Tris-HCl继续冰浴透析2h,最后用新的Tris-HCl浸泡透析袋,并放置在4℃冰箱中透析24h,获得粗酶液,
(二)鱼胶原蛋白的制备:
1、将新鲜鲮鱼皮上的鱼肉剔除,把鱼皮切成长约4cm宽约0.5cm大小条状,用5倍体积4℃预冷的超纯水冲洗鱼皮2-3遍,然后把鱼皮放入盛有3倍体积4℃预冷丙酮的烧杯中,静置在4℃冰箱中5h进行脱脂;用4层砂布过滤脱脂后的鱼皮,用3倍体积4℃预冷超纯水冲洗鱼皮2-3遍,获得脱脂鱼皮,若暂时不用,可放置在-20℃冰箱中冷藏待用;
2、取20g脱脂鱼皮于100ml离心管中,加入60ml超纯水,然后放置在80℃水浴锅中静置水浴30min,用四层砂布过滤,把滤液倒入新的100ml离心管中,12000×g,4℃离心15min,取上清液加入到分子截留量为8000-14000Da的透析袋中,用透析袋夹密封,放置在4℃超纯水中静置透析2h,然后更换新的超纯水,继续静置透析16h;
3、透析后,把透析袋中液体倒入直径为12cm的玻璃培养皿中,静置在-20℃冰箱中直到液体冻结,然后放置在预冷的真空冷冻干燥机中,设定冻干条件为-40℃,15Pa,24h,进行冷冻干燥,获得鱼皮胶原蛋白,用干燥的离心管密封保存在-20℃冰箱中待用。
(三)抗氧化活性肽的制备与纯化鉴定:
1、根据酶与底物比例1:10(ml/mg)将鱼皮胶原蛋白与粗酶液混合,置于37℃,100rpm恒温水平摇床中酶解5h;将酶解液置于95℃水浴锅中加热10min使酶失活,冷却至室温后,10000×g,4℃离心5min去除变性大分子蛋白,收集上清,加入到分子截留量为3kDa的超滤管中,3000×g离心45min,收集超滤管下层滤液;
2、使用Sephadex LH-20凝胶色谱柱进行分子筛层析:以两倍体积超纯水作为流动相平衡色谱柱(16×600mm),按柱床体积3-5%上样,用超纯水洗脱3-4倍体积,流速为1ml/min,检测波长为220nm,收集活性峰;
3、将收集的活性峰组分放置在-20℃冰箱中直到液体冻结,然后放置在预冷的真空冷冻干燥机中,设定冻干条件为-40℃,15Pa,24h,进行冷冻干燥,获得纯度较高的胶原抗氧化肽。
上述步骤(一)中所述海洋细菌Vibrio sp.SQS2-3是从海南省海口市美兰区渠口镇的潮间带海水中分离鉴定所得。
根据本发明优选的,所述步骤(1)中的液体种子培养基组分如下,均为重量份:
蛋白胨0.5份,酵母粉0.1份,Fe2(PO4)3 0.001份人工海水100份,pH为7.8。
根据本发明优选的,所述步骤(1)中的发酵培养基组分如下,均为重量份:
玉米粉1份,麸皮0.5份,豆粕1份,Na2HPO4 0.05份,KH2PO4 0.02份,CaCl2 0.05份,Na2CO3 0.05份,人工海水50份,pH为7.5-8.0。
发明的优点和积极效果
本发明的优点在于将未开发应用的细菌胞外蛋白酶应用与蛋白质酶解工艺上。具体体现在:
1、运用本发明所述方法制备细菌胞外蛋白酶可以低成本开发出新型蛋白酶,提供了更多的蛋白酶选择,提高了新型活性肽发现的可能性;
2、运用本发明所述方法鱼皮胶原蛋白的提取率更高,且方法更简便,成本更低,适合运用于大批量制备蛋白酶解底物;
3、运用本发明所述方法制备纯化出的抗氧化肽具有较强的DPPH自由基,同时具有抑制DNA被氧化损伤的能力。
下面结合实施例对本发明的技术方案作进一步说明,但本发明所保护范围不限于此。
实施例中所述海洋细菌Vibrio sp.SQS2-3是从海南省海口市美兰区渠口镇的潮间带海水中分离鉴定所得。
DPPH购自美国Sigma公司,1,10-邻菲罗啉购自阿拉丁试剂(上海)有限公司,维生素C购自生工生物工程(上海)股份有限公司,NaCl、MgSO4·7H20、KCl、MgCl2·6H20、CaCl2·H20、Fe2(PO4)3购自国药集团化学试剂有限公司,蛋白胨、酵母粉购自OXOID公司,发酵培养基的配制原料及鱼皮可从市场购得。
实施例1:
一种利用Vibrio sp.SQS2-3胞外蛋白酶酶解鲮鱼皮胶原制备抗氧化肽的方法,步骤如下:
1、将细菌Vibrio sp.SQS2-3菌株接种于液体种子培养基,在17℃水平摇床中震荡培养2-3天,转速为200rpm,然后按2%(v/v)的接种量接种于发酵培养基中,在17℃水平摇床中震荡培养5天,转速为180rpm,制得发酵液;
上述种子培养基组分如下,均为重量份:
蛋白胨0.5份,酵母粉0.1份,Fe2(PO4)3 0.001份人工海水100份,pH为7.8
上述发酵培养基组分如下,均为重量份:
玉米粉1份,麸皮0.5份,豆粕1份,Na2HPO4 0.05份,KH2PO4 0.02份,CaCl2 0.05份,Na2CO3 0.05份,人工海水50份,pH为7.5-8.0。
2、将发酵液倒入离心管中进行冷冻超速离心,离心条件为10000×g,4℃,30min,然后收集上清,倒入新的离心管中,12000×g,4℃离心15min,重复2-3遍,直到上清沉淀较少;收集上清液加入到分子截留量为8000-14000Da的透析袋中,用透析袋夹密封,然后放置在浓度为20mM,pH 7.8的Tris-HCl中冰浴透析2h,然后更换新的Tris-HCl继续冰浴透析2h,最后用新的Tris-HCl浸泡透析袋,并放置在4℃冰箱中透析24h,获得粗酶液;
3、将新鲜鲮鱼皮上的鱼肉剔除,把鱼皮切成长约4cm宽约0.5cm大小条状,用5倍体积4℃预冷的超纯水冲洗鱼皮2-3遍,然后把鱼皮放入盛有3倍体积4℃预冷丙酮的烧杯中,静置在4℃冰箱中5h进行脱脂,随后用4层砂布过滤脱脂后的鱼皮,用3倍体积4℃预冷超纯水冲洗鱼皮2-3遍;
4、取20g脱脂鱼皮于100ml离心管中,加入60ml超纯水,然后放置在80℃水浴锅中静置水浴30min,用四层砂布过滤,把滤液倒入新的100ml离心管中,12000×g,4℃离心15min,取上清液加入到分子截留量为8000-14000Da的透析袋中,用透析袋夹密封,放置在4℃超纯水中静置透析2h,然后更换新的超纯水,继续静置透析16h,透析完成后进行冷冻,并放置在预冷的真空冷冻干燥机中,设定冻干条件为-40℃,15Pa,24h,进行冷冻干燥,获得鱼皮胶原蛋白;
5、根据酶与底物比例1:10(ml/mg)将鱼皮胶原蛋白与粗酶液混合,置于37℃,100rpm恒温水平摇床中酶解15h;将酶解液置于95℃水浴锅中加热10min使酶失活,冷却至室温后,10000×g,4℃离心5min去除变性大分子蛋白,收集上清,加入到分子截留量为3000Da的超滤管中,5000rpm离心45min,收集超滤管下层滤液;
6、使用Sephadex LH-20凝胶色谱柱进行分子筛层析:以两倍体积超纯水作为流动相平衡色谱柱(16×600mm),按柱床体积3-5%上样,用超纯水洗脱3-4倍体积,流速为1ml/min,检测220nm吸光度,收集各组分峰,并进行真空冷冻干燥;
结果如图1所示。
7、用去离子水将各冻干组分配成200μM,分别取各分离组分20μl于200μl离心管中,然后加入100μl DPPH的95%乙醇溶液,然后在室温下密封避光反应1小时,在517nm处检测吸光度Ai,以20μl去离子水代替样品作为空白对照管,以100μl 95%乙醇代替DPPH溶液加入20μl不同浓度滤液作为样品参比管,DPPH清除率计算公式如下:
清除率=1-(Ai-Aj)/A0
其中:Ai为样品管的吸光值;Aj为样品参比管的吸光值;A0为空白对照管的吸光值。
结果如图2所示。通过Sephadex LH-20分离的组分F8具有最高的DPPH自由基清除活性。
8、取6μl pET-22b质粒DNA,加入4μl 2mM FeSO4与6μl步骤7中的分离组分F8,轻轻混匀后,加入4μl 0.06mM H2O2启动反应,37℃水浴5min,然后加入5μl 5×DNA电泳上样Buffer,在1%琼脂糖凝胶中进行电泳,电泳缓冲液为TAE缓冲液,电泳条件为130V恒压电泳25min,以双蒸水代替样品作为损伤组,以双蒸水代替过氧化氢作为无损伤组;
结果如图3所示。无损伤组超螺旋结构质粒DNA含量最高,说明质粒DNA结构完好,损伤组超螺旋结构质粒DNA基本消失,DNA含量也明显降低,说明质粒DNA收到严重的氧化损伤,加入酶解样品和分离样品的实验组DNA均有一定程度的损伤,但损伤程度小于损伤组,说明酶解产物和分离组分具有一定的抗氧化性。
9、通过液相色谱质谱联用对活性组分进行纯化鉴定,获得活性肽质谱图,并根据质谱结果分析抗氧化肽的氨基酸序列组成。
结果如图4所示。
综上所述,本发明利用海洋细菌Vibrio sp.SQS2-3所产胞外蛋白酶粗酶液对鲮鱼皮胶原蛋白进行酶解制备出具有有效清除DPPH自由基和羟自由基的抗氧化活性肽,并通过分离纯化和质谱鉴定分析出了该活性肽的氨基酸序列为Thr-Ala-Gly-His-Pro-Gly-Thr-His。
附图说明
图1、胶原蛋白酶解产物分子量3000Da以下组分sephadex LH-20凝胶过滤层析色谱图;
图2、Sephadex LH-20凝胶过滤层析各分离组分DPPH自由基清除活性;
图3、琼脂糖凝胶电泳鉴定活性组分的DNA氧化损伤抑制活性;
图4、LC-MS纯化鉴定活性峰的色谱图与质谱结果。
SEQUENCE LISTING
<110> Central South University
中南大学
<120> 一种新型鲮鱼胶原抗氧化肽的制备工艺
<130> 2016
<160> 1
<170> PatentIn version 3.5
<210> 1
<211> 8
<212> PRT
<213> Cirrhinus molitorella
<400> 1
Thr Ala Gly His Pro Gly Thr His
1 5
Claims (6)
1.一种抗氧化肽,其特征在于其氨基酸序列为Thr-Ala-Gly-His-Pro-Gly-Thr-His。
2.根据权利要求1所述的抗氧化肽,其特征在于,所述抗氧化肽来源于鲮鱼皮胶原蛋白。
3.一种制备权利要求2所述的鲮鱼皮胶原蛋白的方法,其特征在于所述的鲮鱼皮胶原蛋白是通过如下方法制得:
步骤(1):将新鲜鱼皮上的鱼肉剔除,把鱼皮切成长约4cm宽约0.5cm大小条状,用5倍体积4℃预冷的超纯水冲洗鱼皮2-3遍,然后把鱼皮放入盛有3倍体积4℃预冷丙酮的烧杯中,静置在4℃冰箱中5h进行脱脂;用4层砂布过滤脱脂后的鱼皮,用3倍体积4℃预冷超纯水冲洗鱼皮2-3遍,获得脱脂鱼皮,若暂时不用,可放置在-20℃冰箱中冷藏待用;
步骤(2):取20g脱脂鱼皮于100ml离心管中,加入60ml超纯水,然后放置在80℃水浴锅中静置水浴30min,用四层砂布过滤,把滤液倒入新的100ml离心管中,12000×g,4℃离心15min,取上清液加入到分子截留量为8000-14000Da的透析袋中,用透析袋夹密封,放置在4℃超纯水中静置透析2h,然后更换新的超纯水,继续静置透析16h;
步骤(3):透析后,把透析袋中液体倒入直径为12cm的玻璃培养皿中,静置在-20℃冰箱中直到液体冻结,然后放置在预冷的真空冷冻干燥机中,设定冻干条件为-40℃,15Pa,24h,进行冷冻干燥,获得鱼皮胶原蛋白,用干燥的离心管密封保存在-20℃冰箱中待用。
4.根据权利要求1所述的抗氧化肽,其特征在于,所述抗氧化肽通过微生物胞外蛋白酶水解鲮鱼皮胶原蛋白制备、分离所得。
5.根据权利要求4所述的抗氧化肽,其特征在于,所述胞外蛋白酶源于细菌弧菌Vibriosp.SQS2-3。
6.一种制备权利要求1、2、4、5任一项所述的抗氧化肽的方法,其特征在于所述的抗氧化肽是通过如下方法制得:
步骤(1):根据酶与底物比例1:10(ml/mg)将鲮鱼皮鱼皮胶原蛋白与粗酶液混合,置于37℃,100rpm恒温水平摇床中酶解15h;
步骤(2):将酶解液置于95℃水浴锅中加热10min使酶失活,冷却至室温后,10000×g,4℃离心5min去除变性大分子蛋白,收集上清,加入到分子截留量为3000Da的超滤管中,5000rpm离心45min,收集超滤管下层滤液;
步骤(3):使用Sephadex LH-20凝胶色谱柱结合进行分子筛层析:以两倍体积超纯水作为流动相平衡色谱柱(16×600mm),按柱床体积3-5%上样,用超纯水洗脱3-4倍体积,流速为1ml/min,检测220nm吸光度,收集组分峰,并进行真空冷冻干燥,制得抗氧化肽。
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