CN108102078B - 一种含羧基的有机光电材料及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents

一种含羧基的有机光电材料及其制备方法和应用 Download PDF

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CN108102078B
CN108102078B CN201711294633.8A CN201711294633A CN108102078B CN 108102078 B CN108102078 B CN 108102078B CN 201711294633 A CN201711294633 A CN 201711294633A CN 108102078 B CN108102078 B CN 108102078B
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李�远
武颖
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Abstract

本发明属于有机光电材料技术领域,公开了一种含羧基的有机光电材料及其制备方法和应用。本发明通过选择性的脱去有机聚合物光电材料中的酯基烷基,保留一部分烷基,所得聚合物材料同时具有羧酸基和亲油烷基基团,有利于提高分子间的氢键相互作用,降低材料中绝缘烷基的含量,提高材料的电荷迁移率,提高器件性能。

Description

一种含羧基的有机光电材料及其制备方法和应用
技术领域
本发明属于有机光电材料技术领域,具体涉及一种含羧基的有机光电材料及其制备方法和应用。
背景技术
有机光电器件由于质轻、可柔性制备等优点受到研究者的广泛关注。其中,有机共轭小分子和聚合物光电材料通常包括有机电致发光活性材料,有机太阳能电池给体/受体材料,有机染料敏化电池材料,空穴/电子电荷传输材料等。在众多有机光电器件中,有机聚合物太阳能电池的研究是当前的热点之一。其中的光伏活性层采用固态的有机/聚合物半导体材料,其独特优势包括:(1)有机材料质量轻,柔韧性好;(2)有机材料可以经过多种物理、化学设计,开发空间大;(3)可以大面积制备柔性器件。有机光伏活性层材料包含电子给体材料和电子受体材料(富勒烯或非富勒烯衍生物)。常见的电子给体材料是具有共轭结构的小分子化合物或聚合物。与有机小分子给体材料相比,聚合物电子给体材料分子结构由于含有烷基链,烷基醚链和烷基酯链,因而具有良好的溶解性,便于溶液加工,有望未来实现喷墨打印,丝网印刷等卷对卷工艺大面积加工有机光伏器件。但在目前的研究报道中,活性层材料的溶剂多采用氯苯等剧毒试剂,不利于将来大面积产业化推广应用。
在有机聚合物光电材料的合成过程中,为了实现产物较高的聚合度和溶解性,通常在单体中引入较长的烷基链,比如醚键和酯键连接的直链(或枝链)辛基,从而获得高溶解度高分子量的聚合物。然而,大量的烷基链的引入会导致单位质量的导电聚合物内含有较高质量比例的烷基,这些烷基本身是绝缘的成分,在非完美晶态的有机光伏器件活性层薄膜中会导致材料的电荷迁移率降低,引起薄膜的微观导电不均匀性,类似之前文献的报道的PEDOT:PSS的导电不均匀性(Advanced Energy Materials 2017,7(6),1601499)。
发明内容
针对以上现有技术存在的缺点和不足之处,本发明的首要目的在于提供一种含羧基的有机光电材料。
本发明的另一目的在于提供上述含羧基的有机光电材料的制备方法。
本发明的再一目的在于提供上述含羧基的有机光电材料在有机光电子学器件中的应用。
本发明目的通过以下技术方案实现:
一种含羧基的有机光电材料,所述含羧基的有机光电材料具有式(1)或(2)所示的结构通式:
Figure BDA0001500055170000021
式中,R1和R3为碳原子数为1~12的烷基。
上述具有式(1)或(2)的含羧基的有机光电材料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
将具有式(3)或(4)的聚合物溶于有机溶剂中,滴加饱和碱水溶液,在80℃~100℃温度下反应5~12h,反应产物经沉淀分离,得到具有式(1)或(2)的含羧基的有机光电材料,
Figure BDA0001500055170000031
式中,R1,R2,R3和R4为碳原子数为1~12的烷基。
上述制备方法中,所述的有机溶剂包括甲苯、二甲苯、二氧六环、四氢呋喃、乙醇、二甲基亚砜中的至少一种。
上述制备方法中,所述的碱包括氢氧化钠、氢氧化钾、氢氧化锂中的至少一种。
上述含羧基的有机光电材料在有机光电子学器件中的应用。所述的有机光电子学器件包括发光二极管、有机异质结电池、钙钛矿太阳能电池、染料敏化电池器件等。
本发明的制备方法及所得到的有机光电材料具有如下优点及有益效果:
(1)本发明通过碱水解脱烷基等简易的化学反应选择性的脱去有机聚合物光电材料中的酯基烷基,保留一部分烷基,所得聚合物材料同时具有羧酸基和亲油烷基基团,有利于提高分子间的氢键相互作用,降低材料中绝缘烷基的含量,提高材料的电荷迁移率,获得更好的器件性能。
(2)本发明含羧基的有机光电材料具有更大的极性,潜在可能增加其在无毒或低毒溶剂,诸如乙醇、异丙醇、二甲基亚砜、四氢呋喃等溶剂中的溶解度,利于大面积产业化应用。
附图说明
图1为实施例1中原料PTB7和所得产物(PTB7-COOH)的溶液紫外吸收光谱图;
图2为实施例1中原料PTB7和所得产物(PTB7-COOH)的薄膜紫外吸收光谱图;
图3为实施例2中原料PTB7-Th和所得产物(PTB7-Th-COOH)的溶液紫外吸收光谱图;
图4为实施例2中原料PTB7-Th和所得产物(PTB7-Th-COOH)的薄膜紫外吸收光谱图。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例及附图对本发明作进一步详细的描述,但本发明的实施方式不限于此。
实施例1
将PTB7(20mg)(深圳睿迅光电材料科技有限公司)溶解于6mL甲苯和3mL1,4-二氧六环混合溶剂中,在搅拌下缓慢滴加1mL饱和氢氧化钠水溶液,在100℃温度下反应5h,反应液冷却至室温后,将反应产物在稀盐酸溶液中沉淀,过滤,得到黑色固体颗粒(15mg)。
Figure BDA0001500055170000041
(PTB7,其中R3和R4为支链辛基);
本实施例所得产物的溶液(氯苯溶液)紫外吸收光谱和薄膜(样品的氯苯溶液在石英玻璃上旋涂甩膜制备,转速1000转/分钟)紫外吸收光谱分别如图1和图2所示。由图1和图2结果可知,在碱和溶剂的作用下,PTB7中的酯基被成功水解,脱除了烷基链,所得产物的紫外可见吸收光谱发生了明显的变化,尤其是薄膜的吸收发生了明显蓝移;除此以外,本实施例所得产物在甲苯、氯苯和氯仿等弱极性溶剂中的溶解度明显降低,表明产物被成功制备,产品在氯苯中依然具有一定的溶解度,在氯苯中加热,溶解度可达5mg/mL。
由以上结果可知本实施例所得产物(PTB7-COOH)结构如下式所示:
Figure BDA0001500055170000051
实施例2
将PTB7-Th(50mg)(深圳睿迅光电材料科技有限公司)溶解于12mL甲苯和6mL1,4-二氧六环混合溶剂中,在搅拌下缓慢滴加3mL饱和氢氧化钾水溶液,在90℃温度下反应10h,反应液冷却至室温后,将反应产物在稀盐酸溶液中沉淀,过滤,得到黑色固体颗粒(40mg)。
Figure BDA0001500055170000052
(PTB7-Th,其中R1和R2为支链辛基);
本实施例所得产物的溶液(氯苯溶液)紫外吸收光谱和薄膜(样品的氯苯溶液在石英玻璃上旋涂甩膜制备,转速1000转/分钟)紫外吸收光谱分别如图3和图4所示。由图3和图4结果可知,在碱和溶剂的作用下,PTB7-Th中酯基被成功水解,脱除了烷基链,所得产物的紫外可见吸收光谱发生了一定的变化,尤其是薄膜的吸收在400-600纳米区间明显增强;除此以外,本实施例所得产物在甲苯,氯苯和氯仿等弱极性溶剂中的溶解度急剧降低,表明产物被成功制备,产物在氯苯中依然具有一定的溶解度,在氯苯中加热溶解度约1mg/mL,室温难溶解,原因是PTB7-Th的分子量较大,导致溶解性差。
由以上结果可知本实施例所得产物(PTB7-Th-COOH)结构如下式所示:
Figure BDA0001500055170000061
本发明所得含羧基的有机光电材料在有机太阳能电池器件中应用性能测试:
器件的制备过程如下:ITO玻璃基底依次用ITO清洗剂,去离子水、丙酮和无水乙醇超声清洗30min,然后在120℃真空烘箱中干燥20min,随后送入plasma等离子清洗机中进行氧等离子预处理。紧接着把PEDOT:PSS溶液旋涂在上述处理的ITO玻璃上,作为ITO玻璃的修饰材料,然后在130℃下退火处理15min除去残余的溶剂。之后将经过处理的ITO玻璃转移到蒸镀腔中,将实施例1的产物和PTB7分别与PC71BM按照质量比1:6配置10mg/mL的溶液,通过旋涂甩膜在PEDOT:PSS层上成膜,在5×10-4Pa的条件下逐层蒸镀Ca和100nm金属Al,蒸镀的厚度用光谱椭圆光度法进行测定控制。典型的聚合物太阳能电池的伏安特性曲线(J-V曲线),是在光照条件AM1.5G(100mW/cm2)下,用Keithley 2400电压源进行测定获得的。实施例1所得产物(PTB7-COOH)的器件性能如表1所示。
表1.实施例1所得产物的器件性能
Figure BDA0001500055170000071
由表1结果可见,产物PTB7-COOH的器件的平均效率为1.6%(优化器件最高效率可达1.72%),PTB7的器件平均效率为1.3%。经测试分析产物及其原料PTB7的膜厚,前者的厚度不到后者的三分之一,这导致了产物的器件具有较低的短路电流,实施例1的器件表现表明本发明专利的分子设计具有较大的潜力,为有机光伏给体材料的设计提供了思路。PTB7-COOH和PTB7的空穴迁移率分别为4.8*10-4和6.7*10-4cm2/V·s.特别需要指出的是原料PTB7的器件效率比文献报道要低,原因是分子量较低,这一点通过图1和图2的紫外可见吸收光谱可知。
上述实施例为本发明实施方式之一,但本发明的实施方式并不受上述实施例的限制,其它的任何未背离本发明的精神实质与原理下所作的改变、修饰、替代、组合、简化,均应为等效的置换方式,都包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (5)

1.一种含羧基的有机光电材料,其特征在于所述含羧基的有机光电材料具有式(1)或(2)所示的结构通式:
Figure FDA0001500055160000011
式中,R1和R3为碳原子数为1~12的烷基。
2.权利要求1所述的一种含羧基的有机光电材料的制备方法,其特征在于包括以下步骤:
将具有式(3)或(4)的聚合物溶于有机溶剂中,滴加饱和碱水溶液,在80℃~100℃温度下反应5~12h,反应产物经沉淀分离,得到具有式(1)或(2)的含羧基的有机光电材料,
Figure FDA0001500055160000012
式中,R1,R2,R3和R4为碳原子数为1~12的烷基。
3.根据权利要求2所述的一种含羧基的有机光电材料的制备方法,其特征在于:所述的有机溶剂包括甲苯、二甲苯、二氧六环、四氢呋喃、乙醇、二甲基亚砜中的至少一种。
4.根据权利要求2所述的一种含羧基的有机光电材料的制备方法,其特征在于:所述的碱包括氢氧化钠、氢氧化钾、氢氧化锂中的至少一种。
5.权利要求1所述的一种含羧基的有机光电材料在有机光电子学器件中的应用,其特征在于:所述的有机光电子学器件包括发光二极管、有机异质结电池、钙钛矿太阳能电池、染料敏化电池器件。
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