CN108091908B - Fuel cell hydrogen supply system and control method thereof - Google Patents
Fuel cell hydrogen supply system and control method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN108091908B CN108091908B CN201711330840.4A CN201711330840A CN108091908B CN 108091908 B CN108091908 B CN 108091908B CN 201711330840 A CN201711330840 A CN 201711330840A CN 108091908 B CN108091908 B CN 108091908B
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- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 381
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 381
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 374
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 97
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 124
- 238000007726 management method Methods 0.000 claims description 101
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000005984 hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001502 supplementing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 8
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical group O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011217 control strategy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- -1 leakage Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- JCXJVPUVTGWSNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen dioxide Inorganic materials O=[N]=O JCXJVPUVTGWSNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012827 research and development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
- H01M8/04104—Regulation of differential pressures
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04201—Reactant storage and supply, e.g. means for feeding, pipes
- H01M8/04216—Reactant storage and supply, e.g. means for feeding, pipes characterised by the choice for a specific material, e.g. carbon, hydride, absorbent
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
- H01M8/0432—Temperature; Ambient temperature
- H01M8/04328—Temperature; Ambient temperature of anode reactants at the inlet or inside the fuel cell
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
- H01M8/0438—Pressure; Ambient pressure; Flow
- H01M8/04388—Pressure; Ambient pressure; Flow of anode reactants at the inlet or inside the fuel cell
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
- H01M8/04746—Pressure; Flow
- H01M8/04753—Pressure; Flow of fuel cell reactants
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a hydrogen supply system of a fuel cell and a control method thereof. The system comprises a high-pressure gas storage hydrogen bottle, an integrated bottle valve, a pressure reducing valve, a pipeline pressure sensor, a hydrogen leakage sensor, a fuel cell air inlet main valve, a PRD pressure reducing valve, a one-way valve and a hydrogen management system. The method is to monitor the working state of the system in real time according to the sensors and switch the control modes according to the working conditions of different systems, so that the safe, reliable and efficient operation of the hydrogen supply system of the fuel cell under various working conditions can be effectively ensured.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of fuel cells, and particularly relates to a hydrogen supply system of a fuel cell and a control method thereof.
Background
Along with the development of technology and the enhancement of environmental protection consciousness of people, the development of pollution-free green new energy automobiles has become a trend. The fuel cell has the advantages of high power generation efficiency, little environmental pollution, high reliability, easy exhaust of waste heat, recycling, and the like. Research and development of fuel cell automobile technology is strongly supported by various governments.
Against this background, fuel cell automobiles using clean energy hydrogen as fuel have been developed. The new energy automobile is powered by the electric energy generated by hydrogen and oxygen through the fuel cell, the hydrogen-oxygen reaction process has extremely high energy utilization efficiency, and the emission is only water, so that the new energy automobile has no pollution to the environment. However, the characteristics of hydrogen, such as leakage, explosiveness, hydrogen embrittlement, etc., make fuel cell automobiles have certain potential safety hazards, and the safety of such new energy power systems is a first concern. These safety issues include hydrogen storage safety, safety of the on-vehicle hydrogen system, safety when the fuel cell vehicle collides, and the like when hydrogen leakage occurs.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the foregoing drawbacks of the prior art, an object of the present invention is to provide a safe and controllable hydrogen supply system for a fuel cell, and a control method thereof.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
the hydrogen supply system of the fuel cell comprises a high-pressure gas storage hydrogen bottle, wherein an integrated bottle valve is hermetically connected to the bottle mouth of the high-pressure gas storage hydrogen bottle, the integrated bottle valve is communicated with the inside of the high-pressure gas storage hydrogen bottle, and the integrated bottle valve is communicated with a one-way bottle valve through an air inlet pipe and is used for inflating the inside of the high-pressure gas storage hydrogen bottle; the integrated bottle valve is communicated with the main valve of the fuel cell air inlet through an air pipe, and a pressure reducing valve is arranged on the air pipe so that the output air-hydrogen pressure is suitable for the fuel cell; the integrated bottle valve is communicated with the PRD pressure release valve through a hydrogen bottle pressure release pipe and is used for discharging gas in the high-pressure gas storage hydrogen bottle to the atmosphere; the hydrogen management system comprises a hydrogen management system controller and a hydrogen bottle pressure sensor; the hydrogen bottle pressure sensor is arranged on the integrated bottle valve, is connected with the hydrogen management system controller through signals, and is used for collecting the air pressure information in the high-pressure air storage hydrogen bottle and transmitting the air pressure information to the hydrogen management system controller; the hydrogen management system controller is connected with the PRD pressure release valve, and is used for receiving the air pressure information in the high-pressure air storage hydrogen bottle and comparing the air pressure information with the safety threshold value stored in the hydrogen management system controller, and sending an air bottle pressure release instruction to the PRD pressure release valve when the air pressure in the high-pressure air storage hydrogen bottle is greater than the safety threshold value so as to open the PRD pressure release valve to be communicated with the high-pressure air storage hydrogen bottle and discharge air in the high-pressure air storage hydrogen bottle.
Further, the hydrogen management system further comprises a hydrogen bottle temperature sensor; the hydrogen bottle temperature sensor is arranged on the integrated bottle valve, is connected with the hydrogen management system controller through signals, and is used for collecting temperature information in the high-pressure gas storage hydrogen bottle and transmitting the temperature information to the hydrogen management system controller; the hydrogen management system controller is connected with the one-way bottle valve; the hydrogen management system controller is used for calculating the SOC of the hydrogen in the gas storage hydrogen bottle according to the air pressure in the high-pressure gas storage hydrogen bottle and the temperature in the high-pressure gas storage hydrogen bottle, and when the SOC of the hydrogen in the gas storage hydrogen bottle is smaller than the lower limit value of the air supply, an air supplementing instruction is sent to the one-way bottle valve so as to open the one-way bottle valve to be communicated with the hydrogenation port, so that the air in the high-pressure gas storage hydrogen bottle is supplemented. The calculation method of the SOC is the prior art, such as "calculation and application of hydrogen SOC of fuel cell vehicle" (Power supply technical research and design. 2015.8.1675-1677 pages).
Further, the fuel cell pressure relief valve further comprises a pipeline pressure relief pipe, wherein one end of the pipeline pressure relief pipe is communicated with the PRD pressure relief valve, and the other end of the pipeline pressure relief pipe is communicated with a gas pipe between the pressure relief valve and the fuel cell gas inlet main valve; a pipeline pressure sensor is further arranged on the gas transmission pipe between the pressure reducing valve and the main gas inlet valve of the fuel cell, and the pipeline pressure sensor is connected with the hydrogen management system controller; the pipeline pressure sensor is used for collecting the air pressure information of the air delivery pipe and transmitting the air pressure information to the hydrogen management system controller; the hydrogen management system controller is used for receiving the air pressure information of the air delivery pipe and comparing the air pressure information with the pipeline safety threshold value stored in the hydrogen management system controller, and sending a pipeline pressure relief instruction to the PRD pressure relief valve when the air pressure of the air delivery pipe is larger than the pipeline safety threshold value so as to open the PRD pressure relief valve to be communicated with the air delivery pipe and discharge the air in the air delivery pipe.
Further, the hydrogen leakage sensor is connected with the hydrogen management system controller; the hydrogen leakage sensor is used for collecting hydrogen content information of the environment and transmitting the information to the hydrogen management system controller; the hydrogen management system controller is used for receiving the hydrogen content information of the environment and comparing the hydrogen content information with the explosion limit minimum value stored in the hydrogen management system controller, and when the hydrogen content of the environment is greater than 80% of the explosion limit minimum value, an opening adjustment instruction is sent to the PRD relief valve to control the opening of the PRD relief valve so as to enable the hydrogen content of the environment to be lower than the explosion limit minimum value.
Further, the hydrogen management system controller is connected with the fuel cell air inlet main valve and is used for controlling the opening degree of the fuel cell air inlet main valve.
Further, the hydrogen management system controller is a computer, a singlechip or a programmable controller.
A method for controlling a hydrogen supply system of a fuel cell, the hydrogen supply system of the fuel cell comprising the steps of:
s1: and starting a hydrogen supply system of the fuel cell, and respectively acquiring air pressure information and temperature information in the high-pressure air storage hydrogen bottle through the hydrogen bottle pressure sensor and the hydrogen bottle temperature sensor and transmitting the air pressure information and the temperature information to the hydrogen management system controller.
S2: the hydrogen management system controller calculates the SOC of the hydrogen in the high-pressure hydrogen storage bottle according to the air pressure information and the temperature information in the high-pressure hydrogen storage bottle, judges the working state of the fuel cell hydrogen supply system, and executes the following operations according to the working state:
s21: when the SOC is larger than the lower limit value of the gas supply and the gas pressure in the high-pressure gas storage hydrogen bottle is smaller than the safety threshold value, the hydrogen supply system of the fuel cell is in a stable state; the pressure reducing valve and the fuel cell air inlet main valve are opened to supply hydrogen to the fuel cell air inlet.
S22: when the SOC is smaller than the lower limit value of the gas supply, the hydrogen supply system of the fuel cell is in a state to be hydrogenated; and opening a one-way bottle valve, filling hydrogen into the high-pressure gas storage hydrogen bottle until the high-pressure gas storage hydrogen bottle is full, and switching to S21.
S23: when the pressure in the high-pressure gas storage hydrogen bottle is higher than a safety threshold value, the fuel cell hydrogen supply system is in a pressure discharge state; and opening a PRD pressure release valve to enable the PRD pressure release valve to be communicated with the inside of the high-pressure gas storage hydrogen bottle to remove gas until the air pressure in the high-pressure gas storage hydrogen bottle is lower than a safety threshold value, and switching to S21.
S24: when S22 is carried out, the SOC increasing rate is lower than a set value, and a state to be overhauled is entered; and communicating the one-way bottle valve with a protective gas supply device, and opening a PRD pressure relief valve to communicate with the inside of the high-pressure gas storage hydrogen bottle so as to replace hydrogen with protective gas to be overhauled.
And after the overhaul is completed, the one-way bottle valve is communicated with the hydrogen supply device, the PRD pressure relief valve is opened, the one-way bottle valve is communicated with the inside of the high-pressure gas storage hydrogen bottle, so that the protective gas is replaced by the hydrogen, and after the replacement is completed, the PRD pressure relief valve is closed, the hydrogen is continuously filled until the high-pressure gas storage hydrogen bottle is full, and the process is switched to S21.
S3: and repeating S1 and S2 until reaching the operation termination state.
Further, the fuel cell hydrogen supply system also comprises a pipeline pressure relief pipe, one end of the pipeline pressure relief pipe is communicated with the PRD pressure relief valve, and the other end of the pipeline pressure relief pipe is communicated with a gas transmission pipe between the pressure relief valve and the fuel cell gas inlet main valve; a pipeline pressure sensor is further arranged on the gas transmission pipe between the pressure reducing valve and the main gas inlet valve of the fuel cell, and the pipeline pressure sensor is connected with the hydrogen management system controller; the following operations are also included in S21: the pipeline pressure sensor collects the air pressure information of the air delivery pipe and transmits the air pressure information to the hydrogen management system controller; the hydrogen management system controller receives the air pressure information of the air pipe and compares the air pressure information with a pipeline safety threshold value stored in the hydrogen management system controller, and when the air pressure of the air pipe is larger than the pipeline safety threshold value; step S25 is performed: and opening the PRD relief valve to enable the PRD relief valve to be communicated with the gas pipe so as to discharge gas in the gas pipe.
Further, at the hydrogen leakage sensor, the hydrogen leakage sensor is connected with the hydrogen management system controller; the hydrogen supply system of the fuel cell also comprises a hydrogen leakage sensor, wherein the hydrogen leakage sensor is connected with the hydrogen management system controller; when S23, S24 or 25 is carried out, the hydrogen leakage sensor collects the hydrogen content information of the environment and transmits the information to the hydrogen management system controller; the hydrogen management system controller receives the hydrogen content information of the environment and compares the hydrogen content information with the explosion limit minimum value stored in the hydrogen management system controller, and when the hydrogen content of the environment is greater than 80% of the explosion limit minimum value, an opening adjustment instruction is sent to the PRD pressure release valve to control the opening of the PRD pressure release valve so as to enable the hydrogen content of the environment to be lower than the explosion limit minimum value.
Further, the hydrogen management system controller is connected to the one-way bottle valve, the fuel cell inlet main valve and the PRD relief valve, respectively, so as to control the one-way bottle valve, the fuel cell inlet main valve and the PRD relief valve through the hydrogen management system controller in the operation of S21-S25.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the system working state can be monitored in real time, and the control mode is switched according to different system working conditions, so that the safe, reliable and efficient operation of the fuel cell hydrogen supply system under various working conditions can be effectively ensured.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the connection relationship of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a control flow diagram of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to specific examples.
As shown in fig. 1, the hydrogen supply system of the fuel cell comprises a high-pressure gas storage hydrogen bottle, wherein an integrated bottle valve is hermetically connected to the bottle mouth of the high-pressure gas storage hydrogen bottle, the integrated bottle valve is communicated with the inside of the high-pressure gas storage hydrogen bottle, and the integrated bottle valve is communicated with a one-way bottle valve through an air inlet pipe and is used for inflating the inside of the high-pressure gas storage hydrogen bottle; the integrated bottle valve is communicated with the main valve of the fuel cell air inlet through an air pipe, and a pressure reducing valve is arranged on the air pipe so that the output air-hydrogen pressure is suitable for the fuel cell; the integrated bottle valve is communicated with the PRD pressure release valve through a hydrogen bottle pressure release pipe and is used for discharging gas in the high-pressure gas storage hydrogen bottle to the atmosphere; the hydrogen management system comprises a hydrogen management system controller and a hydrogen bottle pressure sensor; the hydrogen bottle pressure sensor is arranged on the integrated bottle valve, is connected with the hydrogen management system controller through signals, and is used for collecting the air pressure information in the high-pressure air storage hydrogen bottle and transmitting the air pressure information to the hydrogen management system controller; the hydrogen management system controller is connected with the PRD pressure release valve, and is used for receiving the air pressure information in the high-pressure air storage hydrogen bottle and comparing the air pressure information with the safety threshold value stored in the hydrogen management system controller, and sending an air bottle pressure release instruction to the PRD pressure release valve when the air pressure in the high-pressure air storage hydrogen bottle is greater than the safety threshold value so as to open the PRD pressure release valve to be communicated with the high-pressure air storage hydrogen bottle and discharge air in the high-pressure air storage hydrogen bottle.
As an optimization, the hydrogen management system further comprises a hydrogen bottle temperature sensor; the hydrogen bottle temperature sensor is arranged on the integrated bottle valve, is connected with the hydrogen management system controller through signals, and is used for collecting temperature information in the high-pressure gas storage hydrogen bottle and transmitting the temperature information to the hydrogen management system controller; the hydrogen management system controller is connected with the one-way bottle valve; the hydrogen management system controller is used for calculating the SOC of the hydrogen in the gas storage hydrogen bottle according to the air pressure in the high-pressure gas storage hydrogen bottle and the temperature in the high-pressure gas storage hydrogen bottle, and when the SOC of the hydrogen in the gas storage hydrogen bottle is smaller than the lower limit value of the air supply, an air supplementing instruction is sent to the one-way bottle valve so as to open the one-way bottle valve to be communicated with the hydrogenation port, so that the air in the high-pressure gas storage hydrogen bottle is supplemented.
As optimization, the fuel cell air inlet valve further comprises a pipeline pressure relief pipe, wherein one end of the pipeline pressure relief pipe is communicated with the PRD pressure relief valve, and the other end of the pipeline pressure relief pipe is communicated with an air delivery pipe between the pressure relief valve and the fuel cell air inlet main valve; a pipeline pressure sensor is further arranged on the gas transmission pipe between the pressure reducing valve and the main gas inlet valve of the fuel cell, and the pipeline pressure sensor is connected with the hydrogen management system controller; the pipeline pressure sensor is used for collecting the air pressure information of the air delivery pipe and transmitting the air pressure information to the hydrogen management system controller; the hydrogen management system controller is used for receiving the air pressure information of the air delivery pipe and comparing the air pressure information with the pipeline safety threshold value stored in the hydrogen management system controller, and sending a pipeline pressure relief instruction to the PRD pressure relief valve when the air pressure of the air delivery pipe is larger than the pipeline safety threshold value so as to open the PRD pressure relief valve to be communicated with the air delivery pipe and discharge the air in the air delivery pipe.
As an optimization, the hydrogen leakage sensor is connected with the hydrogen management system controller; the hydrogen leakage sensor is used for collecting hydrogen content information of the environment and transmitting the information to the hydrogen management system controller; the hydrogen management system controller is used for receiving the hydrogen content information of the environment and comparing the hydrogen content information with the explosion limit minimum value stored in the hydrogen management system controller, and when the hydrogen content of the environment is greater than 80% of the explosion limit minimum value, an opening adjustment instruction is sent to the PRD relief valve to control the opening of the PRD relief valve so as to enable the hydrogen content of the environment to be lower than the explosion limit minimum value.
As a further optimization, the hydrogen management system controller is connected with the fuel cell air inlet main valve and is used for controlling the opening degree of the fuel cell air inlet main valve.
As optimization, the hydrogen management system controller is a computer, a singlechip or a programmable controller. The programmable controller can be DVP-ES2 series, DVP-EX2 series, DVP-ES2-C series, etc.
The invention theoretically has the following five working conditions (namely working conditions): 1. standby condition: and (3) after the system is powered on, the system is in a default state, and the system state is monitored in real time to maintain the hydrogen pressure of the pipeline. 2. Hydrogenation working conditions: when the hydrogen in the hydrogen bottle is insufficient, the hydrogen is filled into the hydrogen bottle through the hydrogenation port, and the pressure of the hydrogenation port is higher than that of the bottle during hydrogenation. The check valve prevents the hydrogen from flowing back. 3. Hydrogen supply condition: when the fuel cell is in operation, the integrated bottle valve is opened, high-pressure hydrogen passes through the pressure reducing valve to become low-pressure hydrogen suitable for the operation of the fuel cell, and then the low-pressure hydrogen enters the fuel cell through the main valve. 4. Replacement working conditions: the hydrogen in the bottle is replaced with nitrogen or carbon dioxide, or vice versa with hydrogen. 5. Failure conditions: and when the sensor fails and the temperature, the pressure and the concentration of the hydrogen system are abnormal, the abnormal working condition is entered. The hydrogen supply system needs to be protected under the working condition. When the bottle pressure temperature is too high, the PRD valve is used for discharging hydrogen from the hydrogen bottle, the hydrogen concentration is monitored in real time during discharging, and the discharging rate is adjusted according to the hydrogen concentration, so that the concentration is prevented from reaching the explosion limit.
As shown in fig. 2, a specific control strategy is as follows: 1. the sensor monitors the temperature of the hydrogen bottle valve, the pressure of the pipeline and the concentration of hydrogen around the fuel cell system in real time, and the controller processes the signals and identifies faults of the sensor, such as overtemperature, undertemperature, overpressure, overhigh concentration of hydrogen and the like through AD values. 2. The in-cylinder SOC is estimated from the cylinder air pressure and cylinder temperature. 3. And controlling the opening and closing of a bottle valve, a main valve and a pressure relief valve of the hydrogen supply system according to different working conditions: 1) When the controller is powered on, the standby mode is first entered. Firstly, a switch of a bottle valve is opened, the pressure of a hydrogen bottle is read, and the bottle valve is closed after the reading is finished. In the standby mode, in order to ensure stable hydrogen supply pressure when the power system is started, the valve is opened to supplement air once the air pressure is low. If hydrogen leakage is detected or the bottle pressure is continuously low, the bottle valve is closed, and a fault mode is entered. 2) When the permutation enabling sent by the PC is received, the permutation mode is entered. In this mode, the main valve is closed and the bottle valve directly responds to the PC switch command. If the replacement enable signal is not received in this state, the standby mode is returned. 3) When the hydrogenation enabling sent by the PC is received, and no hydrogen system is in fault, a hydrogenation mode is entered, and the main valve and all bottle valves are closed in the mode. Returning to standby mode 4) when the hydrogen supply system is not faulty and is enabled by operation of the fuel cell, entering an operating mode in which the bottle valve is fully open. And returning to the standby mode when the fuel cell operation enable is not received. 5) And when the hydrogen supply system fault or the sensor failure fault is received, entering a fault mode. In this mode, all the bottle valves are closed, and if an excessive temperature is detected and the hydrogen concentration is normal, the PRD is opened to release. When a replacement enable is received and no hydrogen leakage fault is detected, a replacement mode is entered. 6) The current hydrogen supply system state (SOC, bottle valve and main valve state, fault state) is reported to the fuel cell controller, PC upper computer and other controllers through CAN communication.
According to the principle, the following method can be adopted for control:
a method for controlling a hydrogen supply system of a fuel cell, the hydrogen supply system of the fuel cell comprising the steps of:
s1: and starting a hydrogen supply system of the fuel cell, and respectively acquiring air pressure information and temperature information in the high-pressure air storage hydrogen bottle through the hydrogen bottle pressure sensor and the hydrogen bottle temperature sensor and transmitting the air pressure information and the temperature information to the hydrogen management system controller.
S2: the hydrogen management system controller calculates the SOC of the hydrogen in the high-pressure hydrogen storage bottle according to the air pressure information and the temperature information in the high-pressure hydrogen storage bottle, judges the working state of the fuel cell hydrogen supply system, and executes the following operations according to the working state:
s21: when the SOC is larger than the lower limit value of the gas supply and the gas pressure in the high-pressure gas storage hydrogen bottle is smaller than the safety threshold value, the hydrogen supply system of the fuel cell is in a stable state; the pressure reducing valve and the fuel cell air inlet main valve are opened to supply hydrogen to the fuel cell air inlet.
S22: when the SOC is smaller than the lower limit value of the gas supply, the hydrogen supply system of the fuel cell is in a state to be hydrogenated; and opening a one-way bottle valve, filling hydrogen into the high-pressure gas storage hydrogen bottle until the high-pressure gas storage hydrogen bottle is full, and switching to S21.
S23: when the pressure in the high-pressure gas storage hydrogen bottle is higher than a safety threshold value, the fuel cell hydrogen supply system is in a pressure discharge state; and opening a PRD pressure release valve to enable the PRD pressure release valve to be communicated with the inside of the high-pressure gas storage hydrogen bottle to remove gas until the air pressure in the high-pressure gas storage hydrogen bottle is lower than a safety threshold value, and switching to S21.
S24: when S22 is carried out, the SOC increasing rate is lower than a set value, and a state to be overhauled is entered; and communicating the one-way bottle valve with a protective gas supply device, and opening a PRD pressure relief valve to communicate with the inside of the high-pressure gas storage hydrogen bottle so as to replace hydrogen with protective gas to be overhauled.
And after the overhaul is completed, the one-way bottle valve is communicated with the hydrogen supply device, the PRD pressure relief valve is opened, the one-way bottle valve is communicated with the inside of the high-pressure gas storage hydrogen bottle, so that the protective gas is replaced by the hydrogen, and after the replacement is completed, the PRD pressure relief valve is closed, the hydrogen is continuously filled until the high-pressure gas storage hydrogen bottle is full, and the process is switched to S21.
S3: and repeating S1 and S2 until reaching the operation termination state.
As optimization, the fuel cell hydrogen supply system further comprises a pipeline pressure relief pipe, wherein one end of the pipeline pressure relief pipe is communicated with the PRD pressure relief valve, and the other end of the pipeline pressure relief pipe is communicated with a gas transmission pipe between the pressure relief valve and the fuel cell gas inlet main valve; a pipeline pressure sensor is further arranged on the gas transmission pipe between the pressure reducing valve and the main gas inlet valve of the fuel cell, and the pipeline pressure sensor is connected with the hydrogen management system controller; the following operations are also included in S21: the pipeline pressure sensor collects the air pressure information of the air delivery pipe and transmits the air pressure information to the hydrogen management system controller; the hydrogen management system controller receives the air pressure information of the air pipe and compares the air pressure information with a pipeline safety threshold value stored in the hydrogen management system controller, and when the air pressure of the air pipe is larger than the pipeline safety threshold value; step S25 is performed: and opening the PRD relief valve to enable the PRD relief valve to be communicated with the gas pipe so as to discharge gas in the gas pipe.
As an optimization, at the hydrogen leakage sensor, the hydrogen leakage sensor is connected with the hydrogen management system controller; the hydrogen supply system of the fuel cell also comprises a hydrogen leakage sensor, wherein the hydrogen leakage sensor is connected with the hydrogen management system controller; when S23, S24 or 25 is carried out, the hydrogen leakage sensor collects the hydrogen content information of the environment and transmits the information to the hydrogen management system controller; the hydrogen management system controller receives the hydrogen content information of the environment and compares the hydrogen content information with the explosion limit minimum value stored in the hydrogen management system controller, and when the hydrogen content of the environment is greater than 80% of the explosion limit minimum value, an opening adjustment instruction is sent to the PRD pressure release valve to control the opening of the PRD pressure release valve so as to enable the hydrogen content of the environment to be lower than the explosion limit minimum value.
As an optimization, the hydrogen management system controller is respectively connected with the one-way bottle valve, the fuel cell air inlet main valve and the PRD pressure relief valve, so that the one-way bottle valve, the fuel cell air inlet main valve and the PRD pressure relief valve are controlled by the hydrogen management system controller in the operation of S21-S25.
The above examples of the present invention are merely illustrative of the present invention and are not intended to limit the embodiments of the present invention. Other variations and modifications of the present invention will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art in light of the foregoing description. Not all embodiments are exhaustive. Obvious changes and modifications which are extended by the technical proposal of the invention are still within the protection scope of the invention.
Claims (9)
1. The hydrogen supply system of the fuel cell comprises a high-pressure gas storage hydrogen bottle, wherein an integrated bottle valve is hermetically connected to the bottle mouth of the high-pressure gas storage hydrogen bottle, the integrated bottle valve is communicated with the inside of the high-pressure gas storage hydrogen bottle, and the integrated bottle valve is communicated with a one-way bottle valve through an air inlet pipe and is used for inflating the inside of the high-pressure gas storage hydrogen bottle; the integrated bottle valve is communicated with the main valve of the fuel cell air inlet through an air pipe, and a pressure reducing valve is arranged on the air pipe so that the output hydrogen pressure is suitable for the fuel cell; the integrated bottle valve is communicated with the PRD pressure release valve through a hydrogen bottle pressure release pipe and is used for discharging gas in the high-pressure gas storage hydrogen bottle to the atmosphere; the hydrogen management system comprises a hydrogen management system controller and a hydrogen bottle pressure sensor; the hydrogen bottle pressure sensor is arranged on the integrated bottle valve, is connected with the hydrogen management system controller through signals, and is used for collecting the air pressure information in the high-pressure air storage hydrogen bottle and transmitting the air pressure information to the hydrogen management system controller; the hydrogen management system controller is connected with the PRD pressure release valve, and is used for receiving the air pressure information in the high-pressure air storage hydrogen bottle and comparing the air pressure information with a safety threshold value stored in the hydrogen management system controller, and sending an air bottle pressure release instruction to the PRD pressure release valve when the air pressure in the high-pressure air storage hydrogen bottle is greater than the safety threshold value so as to open the PRD pressure release valve to be communicated with the high-pressure air storage hydrogen bottle and discharge air in the high-pressure air storage hydrogen bottle;
when a one-way bottle valve is opened, filling hydrogen into the high-pressure gas storage hydrogen bottle, and if the SOC increasing rate of the hydrogen in the high-pressure gas storage hydrogen bottle is lower than a set value, entering a state to be overhauled; the one-way bottle valve is communicated with the protective gas supply device, and the PRD pressure relief valve is opened to be communicated with the inside of the high-pressure gas storage hydrogen bottle so as to replace hydrogen with protective gas to be overhauled;
after the overhaul is completed, a one-way bottle valve is communicated with a hydrogen supply device, a PRD pressure relief valve is opened, the one-way bottle valve is communicated with the inside of the high-pressure gas storage hydrogen bottle, so that the protective gas is replaced by hydrogen, and after the replacement is completed, the PRD pressure relief valve is closed, and the hydrogen is continuously filled until the high-pressure gas storage hydrogen bottle is full;
the hydrogen management system further comprises a hydrogen bottle temperature sensor; the hydrogen bottle temperature sensor is arranged on the integrated bottle valve, is connected with the hydrogen management system controller through signals, and is used for collecting temperature information in the high-pressure gas storage hydrogen bottle and transmitting the temperature information to the hydrogen management system controller; the hydrogen management system controller is connected with the one-way bottle valve; the hydrogen management system controller is used for calculating the SOC of the hydrogen in the gas storage hydrogen bottle according to the air pressure in the high-pressure gas storage hydrogen bottle and the temperature in the high-pressure gas storage hydrogen bottle, and when the SOC of the hydrogen in the gas storage hydrogen bottle is smaller than the lower limit value of the air supply, an air supplementing instruction is sent to the one-way bottle valve so as to open the one-way bottle valve to be communicated with the hydrogenation port, so that the air in the high-pressure gas storage hydrogen bottle is supplemented.
2. The fuel cell hydrogen supply system according to claim 1, further comprising a pipe pressure relief pipe having one end in communication with the PRD pressure relief valve and the other end in communication with a gas pipe between the pressure relief valve and the fuel cell gas inlet main valve; a pipeline pressure sensor is further arranged on the gas transmission pipe between the pressure reducing valve and the main gas inlet valve of the fuel cell, and the pipeline pressure sensor is connected with the hydrogen management system controller; the pipeline pressure sensor is used for collecting the air pressure information of the air delivery pipe and transmitting the air pressure information to the hydrogen management system controller; the hydrogen management system controller is used for receiving the air pressure information of the air delivery pipe and comparing the air pressure information with the pipeline safety threshold value stored in the hydrogen management system controller, and when the air pressure of the air delivery pipe is larger than the pipeline safety threshold value, sending a pipeline pressure relief instruction to the PRD pressure relief valve so as to open the PRD pressure relief valve to be communicated with the air delivery pipe and discharge the air in the air delivery pipe.
3. The fuel cell hydrogen supply system according to claim 1, further comprising a hydrogen leakage sensor connected to the hydrogen management system controller; the hydrogen leakage sensor is used for collecting hydrogen content information of the environment and transmitting the information to the hydrogen management system controller; the hydrogen management system controller is used for receiving the hydrogen content information of the environment and comparing the hydrogen content information with the explosion limit minimum value stored in the hydrogen management system controller, and when the hydrogen content of the environment is greater than 80% of the explosion limit minimum value, an opening adjustment instruction is sent to the PRD relief valve to control the opening of the PRD relief valve so as to enable the hydrogen content of the environment to be lower than the explosion limit minimum value.
4. The fuel cell hydrogen supply system of claim 1, wherein the hydrogen management system controller is coupled to the fuel cell main inlet valve for controlling an opening of the fuel cell main inlet valve.
5. The hydrogen supply system of any one of claims 1-4, wherein the hydrogen management system controller is a computer, a single-chip microcomputer, or a programmable controller.
6. A fuel cell hydrogen supply system control method, characterized in that the fuel cell hydrogen supply system is the fuel cell hydrogen supply system according to claim 1, comprising the steps of:
s1: starting a hydrogen supply system of the fuel cell, and respectively acquiring air pressure information and temperature information in the high-pressure air storage hydrogen bottle through the hydrogen bottle pressure sensor and the hydrogen bottle temperature sensor and transmitting the air pressure information and the temperature information to the hydrogen management system controller;
s2: the hydrogen management system controller calculates the SOC of the hydrogen in the high-pressure hydrogen storage bottle according to the air pressure information and the temperature information in the high-pressure hydrogen storage bottle, judges the working state of the fuel cell hydrogen supply system, and executes the following operations according to the working state:
s21: when the SOC is larger than the lower limit value of the gas supply and the gas pressure in the high-pressure gas storage hydrogen bottle is smaller than the safety threshold value, the hydrogen supply system of the fuel cell is in a stable state; opening a pressure reducing valve and a fuel cell air inlet main valve to supply hydrogen to an air inlet of the fuel cell;
s22: when the SOC is smaller than the lower limit value of the gas supply, the hydrogen supply system of the fuel cell is in a state to be hydrogenated; opening a one-way bottle valve, filling hydrogen into the high-pressure gas storage hydrogen bottle until the high-pressure gas storage hydrogen bottle is full, and switching to S21;
s23: when the pressure in the high-pressure gas storage hydrogen bottle is higher than a safety threshold value, the fuel cell hydrogen supply system is in a pressure discharge state; opening a PRD pressure release valve to enable the PRD pressure release valve to be communicated with the inside of the high-pressure gas storage hydrogen bottle to remove gas until the air pressure in the high-pressure gas storage hydrogen bottle is lower than a safety threshold value, and switching to S21;
s24: when S22 is carried out, the SOC increasing rate is lower than a set value, and a state to be overhauled is entered; the one-way bottle valve is communicated with the protective gas supply device, and the PRD pressure relief valve is opened to be communicated with the inside of the high-pressure gas storage hydrogen bottle so as to replace hydrogen with protective gas to be overhauled; after the overhaul is completed, a one-way bottle valve is communicated with a hydrogen supply device, a PRD pressure relief valve is opened, the one-way bottle valve is communicated with the inside of the high-pressure gas storage hydrogen bottle, so that the protective gas is replaced by hydrogen, and after the replacement is completed, the PRD pressure relief valve is closed, the hydrogen is continuously filled until the high-pressure gas storage hydrogen bottle is full, and the process is switched to S21;
s3: and repeating S1 and S2 until reaching the operation termination state.
7. The method according to claim 6, wherein the fuel cell hydrogen supply system further comprises a pipe pressure relief pipe, one end of the pipe pressure relief pipe is communicated with the PRD pressure relief valve, and the other end is communicated with a gas pipe between the pressure relief valve and the main valve of the fuel cell gas intake valve; a pipeline pressure sensor is further arranged on the gas transmission pipe between the pressure reducing valve and the main gas inlet valve of the fuel cell, and the pipeline pressure sensor is connected with the hydrogen management system controller; the following operations are also included in S21: the pipeline pressure sensor collects the air pressure information of the air delivery pipe and transmits the air pressure information to the hydrogen management system controller; the hydrogen management system controller receives the air pressure information of the air pipe and compares the air pressure information with a pipeline safety threshold value stored in the hydrogen management system controller, and when the air pressure of the air pipe is larger than the pipeline safety threshold value; step S25 is performed: and opening the PRD relief valve to enable the PRD relief valve to be communicated with the gas pipe so as to discharge gas in the gas pipe.
8. The method for controlling a hydrogen supply system of a fuel cell according to claim 7, further comprising a hydrogen leak sensor in the hydrogen supply system of the fuel cell, the hydrogen leak sensor being connected to the hydrogen management system controller; when S23, S24 or 25 is carried out, the hydrogen leakage sensor collects the hydrogen content information of the environment and transmits the information to the hydrogen management system controller; the hydrogen management system controller receives the hydrogen content information of the environment and compares the hydrogen content information with the explosion limit minimum value stored in the hydrogen management system controller, and when the hydrogen content of the environment is greater than 80% of the explosion limit minimum value, an opening adjustment instruction is sent to the PRD pressure release valve to control the opening of the PRD pressure release valve so as to enable the hydrogen content of the environment to be lower than the explosion limit minimum value.
9. The method according to claim 7, wherein the hydrogen management system controller is connected to the one-way bottle valve, the fuel cell inlet main valve, and the PRD relief valve, respectively, to control the one-way bottle valve, the fuel cell inlet main valve, and the PRD relief valve by the hydrogen management system controller in the operations of S21 to S25.
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| CN108916653B (en) * | 2018-07-10 | 2020-08-18 | 北京交通大学 | Hydrogen supply and regulation and control system |
| CN109435779A (en) * | 2018-12-06 | 2019-03-08 | 北京亿华通科技股份有限公司 | The starting method and system of fuel-cell vehicle |
| CN110159918A (en) * | 2019-05-30 | 2019-08-23 | 北京亿华通科技股份有限公司 | A kind of hydrogen storage cylinder method for controlling opening and closing of fuel cell hydrogen system |
| CN110220109A (en) * | 2019-06-12 | 2019-09-10 | 浙江比洛德传动技术有限公司 | A kind of on-vehicle safety hydrogen-feeding system |
| CN114329302A (en) * | 2020-09-29 | 2022-04-12 | 宝能汽车集团有限公司 | New energy vehicle hydrogen system, gas replacement method and device thereof, and storage medium |
| CN113619380B (en) * | 2021-07-09 | 2023-07-14 | 东风汽车集团股份有限公司 | Gas replacement system of fuel cell hybrid electric vehicle and control method thereof |
| CN114001864A (en) * | 2021-09-13 | 2022-02-01 | 东风汽车集团股份有限公司 | Hydrogen leakage detection device |
| CN117002332B (en) * | 2023-07-21 | 2024-06-04 | 上海徐工智能科技有限公司 | Determination method for residual hydrogen quantity threshold of vehicle-mounted high-pressure hydrogen storage system |
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