CN108079169B - 用于预防和治疗动脉粥样硬化及其并发症的中药组合物、中药制剂及应用 - Google Patents
用于预防和治疗动脉粥样硬化及其并发症的中药组合物、中药制剂及应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及用于预防和治疗动脉粥样硬化及其并发症的中药组合物、中药制剂,所述中药组合物的原料包括黄连、连翘、野料豆、知母、赤芍、丹皮、莱菔子和鸡血藤,每种原料的重量份数为:黄连2~15份,连翘10~30份,野料豆10~30份,知母5~15份,赤芍10~15份,丹皮10~15份,莱菔子5~15份,鸡血藤10~30份。所述中药制剂含有上述的中药组合物,中药制剂的剂型为按照中药制剂方法制备成的任意一种口服制剂。本发明还提供了上述中药组合物在制备用于预防和治疗动脉粥样硬化及其并发症的药物中的应用。本发明中药组合物君臣佐使俱全,配伍严谨,相辅相成,既合中医药清热泄浊补肾之法度,又切现代医学炎症损伤之机制。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于预防和治疗动脉粥样硬化及其并发症的中药组合物、中药制剂及应用,属于中药领域。
背景技术
冠心病已成为危害人民生命的重要疾病,其病理基础是动脉粥样硬化(atherosclerosis,AS)。脂质代谢障碍为动脉粥样硬化的病变基础,其特点是受累动脉病变从内膜开始,一般先有脂质和复合糖类积聚、出血及血栓形成,进而纤维组织增生及钙质沉着,并有动脉中层的逐渐蜕变和钙化,导致动脉壁增厚变硬、血管腔狭窄。病变常累及大中肌性动脉,一旦发展到足以阻塞动脉腔,则该动脉所供应的组织或器官将缺血或坏死。由于在动脉内膜积聚的脂质外观呈黄色粥样,因此称为动脉粥样硬化。
对于AS的中医病因病机、治则、方药已有很多的探索研究。AS中医病因病机复杂,但是AS本虚标实,痰、瘀为患的基本病机已得到普遍认同。但对于导致“痰、瘀”的中医病机本质,始终还没有成体系的研究。
因此,临床针对AS进行药物治疗时,西医主要集中在调整血脂、抗血小板、抗凝、抗炎等方面,中医治疗方法则集中于清热、化痰、活血等,集中在消除“痰、瘀”等泄实、或补虚泄实的方法,疗效提高有限。
我们则认为,AS中医病机以肝、脾、肾亏虚为本,以火毒与血瘀,痰湿等浊邪为标,其中,肾虚,火毒尤为根本,其病机当是肾虚在前,继则肝脾两虚导致气运失利,血脉不通,血液瘀滞,同时津液不能运化而为痰湿,血结,气郁则化火毒,合于痰湿而成湿热,终致火、浊相熬,痰、瘀互结,而成AS斑块等有形之邪为患,终致变证纷扰。因此,AS是由热、痰、瘀三因致病,继则三因合而化浊恶化病情,深入理解这个特殊的病机特点,进一步探讨“浊邪”的现代病理生理基础,并制定出针对性的中药组合物或中药制剂,进行具有中医特色的精准治疗,必将促进AS的病理生理、临床治疗等领域的发展。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种用于预防和治疗动脉粥样硬化及其并发症的中药组合物、中药制剂及应用。
本发明的第一个目的通过以下的技术方案实现:
用于预防和治疗动脉粥样硬化及其并发症的中药组合物,其特征在于:其原料包括黄连、连翘、野料豆、知母、赤芍、丹皮、莱菔子和鸡血藤,每种原料的重量份数为:黄连2~15份,连翘10~30份,野料豆10~30份,知母5~15份,赤芍10~15份,丹皮10~15份,莱菔子5~15份,鸡血藤10~30份。
作为所述中药组合物的进一步改进,每种原料的重量份数为:黄连4~6份,连翘15~25份,野料豆15~25份,知母8~12份,赤芍12~14份,丹皮12~14份,莱菔子8~12份,鸡血藤15~25份。
作为所述中药组合物的进一步改进,每种原料的重量份数为:黄连3份,连翘15份,野料豆15份,知母8份,赤芍10份,丹皮10份,莱菔子10份,鸡血藤20份。
作为所述中药组合物的进一步改进,每种原料的重量份数为:黄连5份,连翘15份,野料豆20份,知母10份,赤芍15份,丹皮10份,莱菔子10份,鸡血藤25份。
作为所述中药组合物的进一步改进,每种原料的重量份数为:黄连10份,连翘20份,野料豆30份,知母10份,赤芍15份,丹皮10份,莱菔子15份,鸡血藤30份。
作为所述中药组合物的进一步改进,每种原料的重量份数为:黄连15份,连翘30份,野料豆30份,知母15份,赤芍15份,丹皮15份,莱菔子15份,鸡血藤30份。
本发明的第二个目的通过以下的技术方案实现:
用于预防和治疗动脉粥样硬化及其并发症的中药制剂,其特征在于:所述中药制剂含有上述的中药组合物,所述中药制剂的剂型为按照中药制剂方法制备成的任意一种口服制剂。
作为所述中药制剂的进一步改进,所述口服制剂为水煎剂或颗粒剂。
作为所述中药制剂的进一步改进,所述水煎剂的制备方法如下:按照权利要求1~6任一项所述中药组合物中的重量份数要求,选择中药药材原料,将选好的药材原料放在一起并混合均匀,然后加入适量的水浸泡30~45分钟,再将水加热至沸腾,转小火继续加热45~60分钟,关火后继续浸泡5~15分钟,滤除药渣,即得到预防动脉粥样硬化的水煎剂。
本发明的第三个目的是提供上述中药组合物在制备用于预防和治疗动脉粥样硬化及其并发症的药物中的应用。
本发明的中药组合物的各组分介绍如下:
1、黄连,为毛莨科多年生草本植物黄连或同属植物的干燥地下根茎,栽培或野生。主要成分含黄连素(小蘖硷)、黄连硷、巴马亭、黄连宁。具有清热燥湿,泻火解毒的功能。主治:心火炽盛,烦热神昏或心烦不寐,目赤肿痛,湿热呕吐,泻痢,痈疮肿毒等症。现代研究表明,黄连的功效与作用主要有:1、抗菌:抗菌谱较广,对痢疾杆菌的抗菌作用最强,优于磺胺。对金黄色葡萄菌球、肺炎双球菌、脑膜炎球菌、白喉杆菌、链球菌、人型结核杆菌也有较显著的抑菌作用。此外,体外试验黄连素和黄连煎剂对钩端螺旋体也有较强的抗菌作用。2、抗病毒:对多种流感病毒、以及新城病毒有抑制作用。3、抗原虫:黄连煎剂、黄连素在体外和体内均有抗阿米巴原虫的作用,故也可治疗阿米巴痢疾作用。4、抗真菌:作用与黄芩相似,但黄连效力较强。此外还有缓和的解热作用和降血压作用。
2、连翘,为木犀科多年生落叶灌木连翘的干燥近成熟果实(青壳)和成熟后的果壳(老翘)。野生或栽培。主要成分含连翘酚、齐墩果酸,以及一种甾醇化合物并含有大量维生素P。具有清心解热,消肿散结,利尿的功能。主治外感风热,急性热病初起。烦热神昏,痈肿疮毒,瘰疠等症。现代研究表明,连翘的功效与作用主要有:1、抗菌。有效成分为连翘酚。对金黄色葡萄球菌和志贺氏痢疾杆菌的抗菌效力最大。对溶血性链球菌、肺炎双球菌、伤寒杆菌等亦有较强的抗菌作用。对结核杆菌的生长也有显著的抑制作用。对小白鼠实验性结核病有疗效。2、抗病毒,对流感病毒有抑制作用。3、强心、利尿。有效成分为齐墩果酸。
3、野料豆,为豆科植物野大豆的种子。主要成分含脂肪油18~22%、蛋白质30~45%,并含碳水化合物及维生素。具有补益肝肾,祛风解毒之功效。主治用于肾虚腰痛,风痹,筋骨疼痛,阴虚盗汗,内热消渴,目昏头晕,产后风痉,小儿疳积,痈肿。现代研究表明,野料豆有明显降低血糖和血胆甾醇的作用。
4、知母,为为百合科植物的干燥根茎。主要成分包含甾体皂苷、双苯吡酮类、木脂素类、黄酮类、多糖类、有机酸以及其他成分。具有清热泻火、生津润燥之功效,是一常用的苦寒清热药。临床用于外感热病、高热烦渴、肺热燥咳、骨蒸潮热、内热消渴、肠燥便秘等。现代研究表明,知母皂苷及其苷元具有防治老年痴呆症、保护脑缺血损伤、抗凝血、抗氧化、抗肿瘤、抗骨质疏松、抗炎、降血压、降血糖及降血脂等药理活性。
5、赤芍,为毛茛科植物芍药或川赤芍的干燥根。味苦,性微寒,入肝经。具有清热凉血,散瘀止痛功效。主治温毒发斑,吐血衄血,目赤肿痛,肝郁胁痛,经闭痛经,症瘕腹痛,跌扑损伤,痈肿疮疡等症。现代研究表明:赤芍具有抗血栓形成、降血脂和抗动脉硬化作用。赤芍注射液对肝细胞再生和肝功能恢复有良好影响。此外,赤芍成分没食子酸的衍生物没食子酸丙酯具有清除氧自由基的能力。
6、丹皮,为毛莨科落叶小灌木牡丹的干燥根皮。栽培或野生。主要成分含丹皮酚(即芍药醇)、牡丹皮原甙、苯甲酸、植物甾醇、鞣质等。具有清热凉血,活血散瘀的功能。主治:斑疹吐衄,血滞经闭,经前发热,痈肿疮毒,损伤瘀血、阴虚发热、无汗滑蒸。现代研究表明,丹皮的功效与作用主要有:1、抗菌。体外试验丹皮对伤寒杆菌、大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、溶血性链球菌、肺炎球菌等有较强的抗菌作用。对白喉杆菌也有抑制作用。2、降压。丹皮水煎剂有降血压作用,与所含的丹皮酚及其糖甙有关。此外,还观察到丹皮有活血通经作用。
7、莱菔子,为十字花科一年或二年生草本植物莱菔(水罗卜、汴罗卜、青罗卜、白卜萝等多)的成熟干燥种子。均为栽培。主要成分含有脂肪油、挥发油等,挥发油内有甲硫醇等,脂肪油中含多量芥酸、亚油酸、亚麻酸、芥子酸甘油酯、尚含莱菔素等。具有降气定喘,化痰,消积的功能,主治咳嗽痰喘、食积气滞、胸腹胀满,痢疾后重。现代研究表明,莱菔子的功效与作用主要有:1、对胃肠运动的作用。实验表明,莱菔子生品和经炒、炙的炮制品能使胃肌条的收缩幅度增高,使胃幽门部环行肌紧张性和收缩幅度增高,对胃排空均有抑制作用。2、抗病原微生物作用。对同心性毛癣菌、许兰黄癣菌、奥杜盎小芽胞癣菌、铁锈色小芽胞癣菌、羊毛状小芽胞癣菌、星形奴卡菌等皮肤真菌均有不同程度的抑制作用.莱菔子含抗菌物质,其有效成分为莱菔素.对葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌有显著抑制作用;亦能抑制链球菌、化脓球菌、肺炎球菌、大肠杆菌等生长.莱菔素对病毒亦有抑制作用,以DNA病毒较RNA病毒为敏感。3、降压作用。
8、鸡血藤,为豆科藤本植物白花油麻藤密花豆、香花崖豆藤鸡血藤等的干燥藤茎。野生。主要成分含有香花岩豆藤含鸡血藤醇和铁质。具有补血行血,通经络,强筋骨的功能。主治血虚之月经不调,肌肉麻木,筋骨无力,腰膝酸痛,瘫痪等症。现代研究表明,鸡血藤的功效与作用主要有:1、行血通脉,暖腰膝。2、现代实验初步发现有降低血压作用:对离体子宫有抑制作用,对在位子宫有兴奋作用,能增强子宫节律性收缩;3、对小白鼠子宫24小时总磷代射有促进作用。
本发明与现有技术相比,具有如下优点:
本发明的中药组合物君臣佐使俱全,配伍严谨,相辅相成。处方中黄连具有清热燥湿,泻火解毒的功能;可以“治热气”(《神农本草经》)、“治五藏冷热、除水”(《名医别录》)。连翘具有清心解热,消肿散结,利尿的功能;可以“治寒热、结热、痈肿、蛊毒”、连翘根“下热气、益阴精”(《神农本草经》);两药联用共为君药,功专清热解毒泄浊、稳定动脉粥样斑块。野料豆“入肾经血分”(《本草逢源》)、“补肾活血”(《纲目拾遗》),功可补益肝肾、祛风解毒;鸡血藤具有补益肝肾、活血舒筋、养血调经等作用,和野料豆相伍共为臣,功擅补肾益肝、活血泄浊,稳定血管内皮功能。知母寒润,润肾泻火,佐君药黄连、连翘以扫炎症;莱菔子长于利气,化痰破壁,佐君药以化痰泄浊、消除斑块;赤芍清热凉血,散瘀止痛,丹皮清热凉血,活血散瘀,佐君臣之药以活血泄浊。全方君臣佐使相辅相成,清中有行而不凝,泄中有补而不伤,补中有清而不热,益中有行而不滞,既合中医药清热泄浊补肾之法度,又切现代医学炎症损伤之机制。
附图说明
图1为各组大鼠目的基因(TLR4-F)和内参基因(β-actin)的凝胶电泳图。
图2为各组大鼠目的基因(TLR-4)的TA克隆实验测序图。
图3为各组大鼠主动脉切片HE染色(×100)对比图。
图4为各组大鼠免疫组化染色(×200)对比图。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明作进一步说明。
实施例1:
(1)、每剂取料:黄连3克,连翘15克,野料豆15克,知母8克,赤芍10克,丹皮10克,莱菔子10克,鸡血藤20克。药物来源为中国天江制药厂。
(2)、制作水煎剂:将选好的药材原料放在一起并混合均匀,然后加入适量的水浸泡30~45分钟,再将水加热至沸腾,转小火继续加热45~60分钟,关火后继续浸泡5~15分钟,滤除药渣,得到预防动脉粥样硬化的水煎剂。
(3)、制作颗粒剂:对水煎剂进行减压浓缩,在60℃下浓缩至相对密度为1.05~1.15的清膏,然后喷雾干燥得到浸膏粉,将甜菊糖苷、阿斯巴甜、羧甲淀粉钠和适量的麦芽糊精辅料加入到浸膏粉中,然后投入到干法制粒机内,制成15~30目的颗粒,再喷入挥发油,混合均匀,包装即得。
需要说明的是,上述制作颗粒剂的方法仅是其中一种较为简便的制作颗粒剂的方法。在实际生产中,还可以采用其他的制作颗粒剂方法,如制作水煎剂剩下的药渣还可以进行多次煎煮,然后合并在一起进行减压浓缩,以提高有效成分的收率。
实施例2:
(1)、每剂取料:黄连5克,连翘15克,野料豆20克,知母10克,赤芍15克,丹皮10克,莱菔子10克,鸡血藤25克。
(2)、制作:制作方法同实施例1。
(3)、制作颗粒剂:制作方法同实施例1。
实施例3:
(1)、每剂取料:黄连10克,连翘20克,野料豆30克,知母10克,赤芍15克,丹皮10克,莱菔子15克,鸡血藤30克。
(2)、制作:制作方法同实施例1。
(3)、制作颗粒剂:制作方法同实施例1。
实施例4:
(1)、每剂取料:黄连15克,连翘30克,野料豆30克,知母15克,赤芍15克,丹皮15克,莱菔子15克,鸡血藤30克。
(2)、制作:制作方法同实施例1。
(3)、制作颗粒剂:制作方法同实施例1。
实施例5:
(1)、每剂取料:黄连2克,连翘30克,野料豆10克,知母5克,赤芍15克,丹皮10克,莱菔子15克,鸡血藤10克。
(2)、制作:制作方法同实施例1。
(3)、制作颗粒剂:制作方法同实施例1。
实施例6:
(1)、每剂取料:黄连5克,连翘10克,野料豆30克,知母15克,赤芍10克,丹皮15克,莱菔子5克,鸡血藤15克。
(2)、制作:制作方法同实施例1。
(3)、制作颗粒剂:制作方法同实施例1。
实施例7:
总计纳入101例冠心病患者和16例健康人。冠心病患者均为2007年6月-2009年12月在南京中医药大学无锡附属医院心血管病科住院患者,按照随机数字表随机方法,分为中药治疗组(简称治疗组)和标准治疗对照组(简称对照组),其中治疗组45例,男20例,女25例;年龄51~87岁,平均(714±8岁);病程2h~28年,平均(9±11)年;对照组56例,男24例,女32例;年龄54~86岁,平均(70±9岁);病程1h~40年,平均(9±13)年;两组年龄、性别及病程差异均无统计学意义。16例健康人纳入正常组对照组(简称正常组),是在匹配年龄性别后,从本院在职及退休职工中纳入。每1名受试者入选前均签署知情同意书,获取知情同意书的过程符合药物临床试验质量管理规范的要求。
纳入标准:满足冠心病诊断标准,且符合以下条件中任何一项者:陈旧性心肌梗死,血流动力学稳定的急性心肌梗死或心绞痛,有临床症状且运动平板试验阳性,冠状动脉造影术发现至少1支血管或至少1处血管狭窄超过60%;并签署知情同意书。
排除标准:中医辩证属脾胃虚寒者、血流动力学不稳定的不稳定心绞痛及急性心肌梗死者、严重心律失常者、合并有其他炎症性疾病,严重心脏疾病、重度肝肾功能不全、严重肺、脑等原发疾病、精神病者、拒绝签署知情同意书者。
治疗方法:对照组和治疗组均进行规范化的标准治疗,包括硝酸脂类药物(如单硝酸异山梨酯片(中国,鲁南贝特制药有限公司)20mg,每天2次、硝酸异山梨酯片(中国,南京白敬宇制药有限责任公司)5-10mg,每天3次、硝酸甘油(中国,广州白云山明兴制药有限公司)根据病情使用)、阿司匹林(德国,拜耳医药有限公司)100mg-300mg,每天1次)、他汀类调脂药物(如阿托伐他汀钙片(美国,纽约,辉瑞制药有限公司)10-20mg每天1次、氟伐他汀钠胶囊(瑞士,北京诺华制药有限公司)40mg每晚1次,等)、血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂(贝那普利片(瑞士,北京诺华制药有限公司)10mg每天1次、培哚普利片(法国,Les LaboratoiresServier Industrie)4mg,每天1次,等);无禁忌症时使用β受体阻滞剂等(美托洛尔片(瑞典-英国,阿斯利康制药有限公司)6.25mg-100mg,每天2次、比索洛尔片(德国,默克有限公司)2.5mg-5mg,每天1次,等),均为全程长期使用;两组间标准治疗所用药物的品种、剂量、疗程无统计学差异。治疗组在标准治疗基础上加用按实施例1~6中的配比制备的中药水煎剂,每剂煎250mL,每日两次,口服,疗程2周。
标本采集及保存:
于入院24小时内凌晨空腹抽取静脉血4ml。其中2ml慢慢注入含30μL10%EDTA的带塞试管中,上下颠倒两次,混匀,室温放置1小时后,3000rpm离心10分钟,取上清液置入离心管密封,-70℃保存。另外2ml静脉血,注入带塞干燥试管中室温放置1小时后,3500rpm离心10分钟,取上清液置入离心管密封,-70℃保存。
观察指标与检测方法:
ET-1测定采用北京北方生物技术研究所内皮素放射免疫分析药盒。放射性计数及浓度计算采用GC911放射免疫分析仪自动分析(中国,科大创新股份有限公司)。
NO测定试剂采用南京建成生物工程研究所NO试剂盒,编号A012。吸光度测定采用751G分光光度仪(上海分析仪器厂)测定。
生存质量评估采用SAQ评分,从躯体活动受限程度(Physical Limitation,PL)、心绞痛稳定状态(Angina Stability,AS)、心绞痛发作情况(Angina Frequency,AF)、治疗满意程度(Treatment Satisfaction,TS)、疾病认识程度(Disease Perception,DP)方面进行评分。
所有标本采集以及生存质量评分均于入院即刻,以及治疗2周后进行,问卷调查由课题组专职副主任医师采用统一纸质SAQ量表进行评分。ET-1、NO测定每6个月统一检测1次。
统计学方法:所有数据采用SPSS16.0软件包(美国,芝加哥,SPSS公司)进行统计分析。计量资料以表示;疗效分析组间比较采用两独立样本的双侧student-t检验,组内治疗前后比较采用配对样本的双侧student-t检验。相关性分析采用Pearson相关性分析。显著性水平P<0.05。
结果:对冠心病患者生存质量SAQ评分的干预变化
治疗前,两组之间SAQ各项评分(PL、AS、AF、TS、DP)无统计学意义(P>0.05,表1)。
治疗后,与治疗前比较,对照组AS、DP升高,差异有统计学意义:AS:62±22.vs.80±13;DP:58±18.vs.71±17;(P<0.01);PL、AF和TS水平的变化无统计学意义。但是治疗组PL、AS、AF、TS、DP各项均值均升高,差异有统计学意义:PL:63±13.vs.78±10;AS:63±24.vs.89±10;AF:65±22.vs.85±12;TS:67±14.vs.82±12;DP:61±18.vs.81±17;(P<0.01)。且明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。
本发明的中药组合物对ET-1及NO的干预:
冠心病组的ET-1和NO的浓度分别是(91±13)ng/L、(92±18)μmol/L。正常组ET-1和NO的浓度分别是(42±14)ng/L、(124±27)μmol/L。冠心病组ET-1水平明显高于正常组,而NO则明显低于正常组(P<0.05,表1)。
治疗前,治疗组和对照组两组ET-1及NO均值差异无统计学意义P>0.05)。治疗后,对照组ET-1显著下降(P<0.05),而NO水平改变无统计学意义。治疗组ET-1显著下降、NO水平显著升高,均具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。相对于对照组,治疗组NO水平显著升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);而两组间ET-1水平无显著性差异。
表1:对ET-1及NO的干预
ET-1(内皮素1),NO(一氧化氮);与治疗前比较aP<0.05;与对照组比较bP<0.05
生存质量SAQ评分与内皮损伤指标的相关性
生存质量SAQ评分与ET-1呈负相关趋势,与NO呈正相关趋势,其中ET-1与PL、AF的负相关性(r=-0.144、-0.179,P<0.05);NO和PL呈正相关性(r=0.134,P=0.056,表2)。
表2:生存质量SAQ评分与ET-1、NO的相关性
注:a在0.05水平(双侧)上显著相关。SAQ(西雅图心绞痛量表),ET-1(内皮素1),NO(一氧化氮);PL(躯体活动受限程度)、AS(心绞痛稳定状态)、AF(心绞痛发作情况)、TS(治疗满意程度);
结果分析:
根据WHO生存质量评估组1993年提出的定义:“生存质量是个体在不同的文化背景和价值体系下,与个体目标、期望、标准以及所关心的事务有关的生存状况体验”。而冠心病在不同程度上影响着患者的生存质量,与轻微的稳定性心绞痛患者相比,29%的具有较低西雅图心绞痛量表评分的稳定心绞痛患者,其生存质量的下降和生理机能受限是非常明显的。因此,在冠心病治疗过程中,不仅要缓解患者临床症状,同时也应对患者的生存质量进行评价和改善,这个是评价药物和非药物治疗效果的一个重要指标。目前,西雅图心绞痛调查问卷(SAQ)是临床广泛应用于冠心病生存质量评价的重要的特殊量表之一。
该量表分为5大项11个条目:躯体活动受限程度(问题1),心绞痛稳定状态(问题2),心绞痛发作情况(问题3~4),治疗满意程度(问题5~8),疾病认识程度(问题9~11)。总分为100分,评分越高,患者生存质量及机体功能状态越好。
国外应用表明,此量表具有良好的信度、效度、反应度,研究表明该量表中译本西雅图量表信度、效度和反应度均良好,可以用于评价药物对冠心病生存质量的改善。
而血管内皮损害是冠心病发生发展的关键因素,研究表明,血管内皮损害是血管粥样硬化的早期启动因素。不仅导致动脉粥样硬化的早期形成,而且促进动脉粥样硬化的发展,而ET是内皮细胞分泌的最重要的缩血管物质,ET含量增加时,局部血管强烈收缩,通过引起细胞外钙内流及动员细胞内钙库,导致细胞内钙超载。ET有3种异构体,其中ET-1对血管收缩强度最强,体外实验表明,ET-1的缩血管作用比血管紧张素II强10倍,是目前所知的最强的血管收缩因子。
NO则是一种具有多种生物学活性的小气体分子,半衰期极短,且不稳定,已被证实是内皮衍生的舒张因子,NO具有较强的血管舒张作用,并可通过协同前列腺素,抑制血小板的聚集与激活、保护血管,在血管壁产生天然的抗凝作用,抑制中性粒细胞与单核细胞对血管壁的浸润与吸附、抑制血管平滑肌细胞增殖和抗血栓形成的作用。
NO和ET是血管内皮细胞释放的相互拮抗的血管活性物质,在调节和维持内皮功能方面有重要作用。研究表明,受损的血管内皮细胞可以释放大量的ET-1,高水平的ET-1通过与特异性PKC和eNOS结合,抑制内皮细胞释放NO,从而导致冠状动脉痉挛、心肌缺血缺氧。
前期研究也已经证实,冠心病患者ET-1浓度明显高于正常组,而NO浓度则明显低于正常组,可以证实,内皮功能紊乱是动脉粥样硬化的重要病理基础。同时,也发现了内皮功能指标NO与炎症指标IL-10呈负相关(r=-0.152),进一步提示并证实了内皮功能损伤和炎症反应有关。本研究则提示SAQ评分与内皮功能损伤指标存在相关性,其中生存质量SAQ评分与ET-1呈负相关趋势,其中ET-1与PL、AF的负相关性(r=-0.144、-0.179,P<0.05);SAQ评分与NO呈正相关趋势,其中NO和PL呈正相关(r=0.134,P=0.056),提示了冠心病患者生存质量——尤其是PL和AF与内功能损伤之间的密切关系。
我们已经发现本发明的中药制剂在改善冠心病患者内皮功能损伤方面具有良好的疗效,可在标准治疗基础上,进一步降低冠心病患者ET-1浓度、提高NO的浓度。本研究提示,更好的改善患者血管内皮功能,可以进一步提高冠心病患者的生存质量。治疗后对照组ET-1显著下降(P<0.05),而NO水平改变无统计学意义。治疗组ET-1显著下降、NO水平显著升高,均具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。相对于对照组,治疗组NO水平显著升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);而两组间ET-1水平无显著性差异。与治疗前比较,对照组AS、DP升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);但是PL、AF和TS水平的变化无统计学意义。而治疗组PL、AS、AF、TS、DP各项均值均较治疗前显著升高,且显著高于对照组,差异有统计学意义;(P<0.01)。这个研究结果说明,标准治疗可以提高冠心病患者内皮功能和生存质量。但是,加用本发明的中药制剂后,通过减轻躯体活动受限程度、提高心绞痛稳定状态、减少心绞痛发作情况、提高治疗满意程度和疾病认识程度等,本发明的中药制剂进一步改善患者内皮功能和生存质量。
综上所述,我们可以得出结论:本发明的中药制剂可在标准治疗基础上,提高冠心病患者的SAQ评分和NO水平,降低冠心病患者ET-1浓度,从而改善血管内皮功能,提高冠心病患者生存质量。
实施例8:
实验动物:
50只8周龄清洁级雄性SD大鼠,平均质量220g左右,体重最大值和最小值相差不超过20克。分笼饲养,饲养环境:室温(22±4)℃,光照与黑暗循环时间为12小时。实验大鼠生产许可证号:扬州大学比较医学中心,SCXK(苏)2012-0004。清洁级实验大鼠饲养环境许可证号:江苏省血吸虫病防治研究所动物实验中心,SYXK(苏)2012-0034。
饲料及药品来源:
(1)普通标准饲料由动物实验中心提供,其他饲料由南京爱立默科技有限公司制作。
(2)高脂饲料:由82.3%普通标准饲料、2%胆固醇、0.5%胆酸钠、10%猪油、0.2%丙基硫氧嘧啶和5%白砂糖混合均匀制成。
(3)中药药物饲料:将实施例1~6制备的颗粒剂混在一起,然后按照颗粒剂:高脂饲料=2克:18克的比例混合均匀,制成中药药物饲料。
(4)辛伐他汀药物饲料:辛伐他汀由无锡市中医医院药房提供,商品名舒降之,由杭州默沙制药有限公司生产,国药准字H10970385。按照辛伐他汀:高脂饲料=0.7mg:20克的比例混合均匀,制成辛伐他汀药物饲料。
给药方法:
大鼠自由饮水。每周称量大鼠体重,按照大鼠每公斤体重药物剂量为人标准体重(50公斤)每公斤体重剂量的7倍计算药物饲料量,每日剂量折合为:中药药物为10g/kg大鼠体重,即每50克大鼠体重投放5克中药药物饲料;辛伐他汀每日剂量为2.8mg/kg大鼠体重,即每50克大鼠体重投放4克辛伐他汀药物饲料。药物饲料每天按换算剂量一次性投喂,吃完后,不足部分采用高脂饲料补充。
分组与干预方法:
采用高脂饲料喂养建立大鼠早期AS模型,同时进行预防性干预,观察药物预防AS形成的效果。实验干预与分组如下:
(1)取8周龄清洁级雄性SD大鼠50只,所有大鼠采用普通标准饲料适应性喂养1周,剔除饲食异常者。1周后,随机处死10只大鼠,作为基础组,留取外周血、大动脉、心脏组织等实验标本。
(2)剩余40只大鼠进行分组。按照随机数字表,随机分成4组:空白预防组(空预组)10只,中药预防组(中预组)10只,辛伐他汀预防组(辛预组)10只,模型组10只。
(3)空预组给予普通标准饲料喂养;模型组予高脂饲料喂养;中预组给予中药药物饲料、辛预组给予辛伐他汀药物饲料,均喂养4周。4周后处死大鼠,留取外周血、大动脉、心脏组织等实验标本。
检测指标及方法:
(1)TLR-4mRNA表达根据RT-PCR方法检测,采用SYBR PrimeScript RT-PCR Kit II试剂盒(TAKARA DRR083S)以及LightCycler480PCR仪(德国ROCHE)检测。
(2)TLR-4mRNA的表达程度采用相对定量计算,标准化比值计算公式采用2-Δ△CT法,通过2%琼脂糖凝胶电泳(结果如图1所示)和基因测序(结果如图2所示)确定产物表达的准确性。大鼠目的基因(TLR4-F)和内参基因(β-actin)引物序列见表1,由上海博彩生物科技有限公司合成。
表1:大鼠TLR-4引物序列
(3)大鼠主动脉血管厚度采用Image-Pro Plus Version 6.0病理图像分析系统测量,以主动脉血管外膜基膜至血管内膜表面的最大垂直厚度为测量值。左心室组织PARP-1的表达采用免疫组化方法进行检测:一抗采用ABcam公司的Anti-PARP-1 antibody,货号AB6079。
(4)大鼠血清NF-κB水平检测采用酶联免疫分析(ELISA)方法进行检测,检测方法:采用BlueGene公司产品,产品编号E02N0011,检测步骤按照说明书进行。
统计学方法:
实验结果:
(1)大鼠主动脉切片HE染色光镜下显示血管壁厚度存在差异(F=414.807,P<0.001),中预组和辛预组大鼠主动脉血管壁厚度明显薄于模型组(P<0.001),但是和空预组比较主动脉血管壁厚度差异无统计学意义(如表2、图3所示)。光镜下大鼠左心室组织PARP-1表达免疫组化染色切片具有显著差异,PARP-1阳性细胞表达率存在统计学差异(F=50.287,P<0.001),中预组和辛预组PARP-1阳性细胞表达率明显低于模型组(P<0.001),但是明显高于空预组(P<0.001),具有统计学差异(如表2、图4所示)。
(2)大鼠外周血单个核细胞TLR-4mRNA表达各组间存在统计学差异(F=12.990,P<0.001),中预组和辛预组TLR-4 mRNA表达明显低于模型组(P<0.001),且中预组低于空预组(P<0.05)。大鼠血清NF-κB水平各组间存在差异(F=5.626,P=0.001);其中中预组NF-κB水平明显低于模型组(P<0.001),但与空预组比较差异无统计学意义(表3)
表2:大鼠主动脉血管壁厚度及组织PARP-1阳性细胞表达率
表3:大鼠外周血单个核细胞TLR-4mRNA表达及血清NF-κB水平
结果分析:
炎症反应机制参与动脉粥样硬化(Atherosclerosis,AS)发病起始和整个疾病过程,其中白介素-6可引发血管内皮功能失调,加速动脉硬化,冠脉粥样硬化斑块局部和粥样硬化损伤的动脉壁上白介素-6的表达量是正常组织的10~40倍。但是,炎症反应是受到上游炎症反应信号通路调节的,在AS发生机制方面,以对核因子-κB信号通路研究最为广泛成熟。
目前认为,NF-κB通路通过激活NF-κB,进而调控很多关键致炎症因子的表达,而这些炎症因子也受到PARP的调节,过量激活的PARP1在恶性炎症机制中起着重要作用。PARP抑制剂处理或敲除PARP基因的细胞或小鼠中,NF-κB活性和NF-κB依赖性炎症基因都降低。文献研究也证实,抑制PARP可以减缓炎症因子如TNF-α、白介素-6的增加等。因此,有学者认为PARP、NF-κB信号通路在动脉粥样硬化中的相互作用是非常值得关注的研究领域。
而中医药对NF-κB炎症信号通路进行相对系统性的研究未见有文献报道。对于中医药干预AS的PARP-1表达的研究较少,我们前期研究已经证实,本发明的中药组合物可以降低人外周血白介素6等炎症指标,抑制冠心病患者的炎症反应。
中医药在预防疾病方面具有良好效果,这是被公认的事实,并被现代研究所证实。研究发现,葡萄籽原花青素具有阻止AS早期主动脉壁粥样硬化发展的作用;丹参可调节Bcl-2/Bax表达抑制AS斑块形成;姜黄抑制巨噬细胞mRNA合成,预防动脉硬化;绞股蓝对高胆固醇饲料饲养兔AS与辛伐他汀有相似的干预作用;三七总皂苷具有预防AS的作用等。但是使用中医药复方预防AS的研究文献较少。汤诺等采用中药复方--舒心饮能预防AS,延缓AS进程,其机制可能和抑制炎症反应启动和致炎因子的激活有关。
我们认为,AS的发生和热、痰、瘀三因合而化浊的“痰瘀化浊”的发病机制有关,而本发明的中药组合物由连翘、黄连、野料豆、丹皮、知母、赤芍、莱菔子等药物组成,具有“清热补肾泄浊”的作用,对AS的预防有较好的效果。结合现代中药药理研究,本发明中的组成中药具有抗菌、抗炎、降压、降血脂、抗氧化等多种药理作用,如黄连和吴茱萸配伍,可以预防高脂血症发生。这些文献和研究进一步提示本发明中药组合物可能具有良好的预防AS效果。
上述研究结果证实,在本发明中药组合物的预防性干预下,大鼠主动脉血管壁厚度明显薄于模型组,具有统计学差异,接近于空预组,提示本发明中药组合物可以抑制高脂饮食诱发的AS的发生和发展速度,显示出较好的实际预防AS效果。而通过对含冠脉的左心室组织免疫组化染色病理分析也发现,在本发明中药组合物的预防性干预下,组织的PARP-1阳性细胞表达率明显低于模型组,但是明显高于空预组,具有统计学差异。提示本发明中药组合物预防AS的机制可能和降低PARP表达抑制AS炎症反应有关。外周血TLR-4 mRNA表达和血清NF-κB表达的分析结果也证实这一点。大鼠外周血单个核细胞TLR-4 mRNA表达明显低于模型组,也低于空预组;同时,大鼠血清NF-κB水平也明显低于模型组,具有统计学差异,可以说明本发明中药组合物预防大鼠AS形成的机制与抑制NF-κB炎症信号通路有关,作用位点涵盖了NF-κB信号通路中TLR、NF-κB、PARP等多个环节。
综上所述,我们可以得出结论:本发明的中药组合物可以预防高脂饮食导致的AS形成;其机制与抑制NF-κB炎症信号通路PARP-1、TLR-4、NF-κB等环节有关。
Claims (10)
1.用于预防和治疗动脉粥样硬化及其并发症的中药组合物,其特征在于:其原料包括黄连、连翘、野料豆、知母、赤芍、丹皮、莱菔子和鸡血藤,每种原料的重量份数为:黄连2~15份,连翘10~30份,野料豆10~30份,知母5~15份,赤芍10~15份,丹皮10~15份,莱菔子5~15份,鸡血藤10~30份。
2.如权利要求1所述的用于预防和治疗动脉粥样硬化及其并发症的中药组合物,其特征在于:每种原料的重量份数为:黄连4~6份,连翘15~25份,野料豆15~25份,知母8~12份,赤芍12~14份,丹皮,12~14份,莱菔子8~12份,鸡血藤15~25份。
3.如权利要求1所述的用于预防和治疗动脉粥样硬化及其并发症的中药组合物,其特征在于:每种原料的重量份数为:黄连3份,连翘15份,野料豆15份,知母8份,赤芍10份,丹皮10份,莱菔子10份,鸡血藤20份。
4.如权利要求1所述的用于预防和治疗动脉粥样硬化及其并发症的中药组合物,其特征在于:每种原料的重量份数为:黄连5份,连翘15份,野料豆20份,知母10份,赤芍15份,丹皮10份,莱菔子10份,鸡血藤25份。
5.如权利要求1所述的用于预防和治疗动脉粥样硬化及其并发症的中药组合物,其特征在于:每种原料的重量份数为:黄连10份,连翘20份,野料豆30份,知母10份,赤芍15份,丹皮10份,莱菔子15份,鸡血藤30份。
6.如权利要求1所述的用于预防和治疗动脉粥样硬化及其并发症的中药组合物,其特征在于:每种原料的重量份数为:黄连15份,连翘30份,野料豆30份,知母15份,赤芍15份,丹皮15份,莱菔子15份,鸡血藤30份。
7.用于预防和治疗动脉粥样硬化及其并发症的中药制剂,其特征在于:所述中药制剂含有权利要求1~6任一项所述的中药组合物,所述中药制剂的剂型为按照中药制剂方法制备成的任意一种口服制剂。
8.如权利要求7所述的用于预防和治疗动脉粥样硬化及其并发症的中药制剂,其特征在于:所述口服制剂为水煎剂或颗粒剂。
9.如权利要求8所述的用于预防和治疗动脉粥样硬化及其并发症的中药制剂,其特征在于:所述水煎剂的制备方法如下:按照权利要求1~6任一项所述中药组合物中的重量份数要求,选择中药药材原料,将选好的药材原料放在一起并混合均匀,然后加入适量的水浸泡30~45分钟,再将水加热至沸腾,转小火继续加热45~60分钟,关火后继续浸泡5~15分钟,滤除药渣,即得到预防动脉粥样硬化的水煎剂。
10.权利要求1~6任一项所述的中药组合物在制备用于预防和治疗动脉粥样硬化及其并发症的药物中的应用。
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