CN108075669A - The DC-DC converter of the integrated cascade structure of band - Google Patents
The DC-DC converter of the integrated cascade structure of band Download PDFInfo
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- CN108075669A CN108075669A CN201711353077.7A CN201711353077A CN108075669A CN 108075669 A CN108075669 A CN 108075669A CN 201711353077 A CN201711353077 A CN 201711353077A CN 108075669 A CN108075669 A CN 108075669A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M3/00—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output
- H02M3/22—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC
- H02M3/24—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC by static converters
- H02M3/28—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate AC
- H02M3/325—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate AC using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M3/335—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate AC using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
- H02M3/3353—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate AC using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having at least two simultaneously operating switches on the input side, e.g. "double forward" or "double (switched) flyback" converter
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M3/00—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output
- H02M3/02—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC
- H02M3/04—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters
- H02M3/10—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M3/145—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M3/155—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
- H02M3/156—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
- H02M3/158—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load
- H02M3/1582—Buck-boost converters
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/0067—Converter structures employing plural converter units, other than for parallel operation of the units on a single load
- H02M1/007—Plural converter units in cascade
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Dc-Dc Converters (AREA)
Abstract
本发明公开了一种带集成级联结构的DC‑DC变换器，所述带集成级联结构的DC‑DC变换器内集成有Boost电路、Buck‑Boost电路、以及变压器，其中，所述Boost电路的输入端与外界直流电源Vin连接，所述Boost电路的输出端与所述变压器的初级线圈连接，所述变压器的次级线圈与所述Buck‑Boost电路的输入端连接，所述Buck‑Boost电路的输出端与外界负载R0连接。相对于现有技术，本发明实现了较大的电压增益，提高了变换器的集成度和变压器的工作效率，并减小了开关管的电压应力。
The invention discloses a DC-DC converter with an integrated cascaded structure, the DC-DC converter with an integrated cascaded structure is integrated with a Boost circuit, a Buck-Boost circuit, and a transformer, wherein the Boost The input terminal of the circuit is connected to the external DC power supply V in , the output terminal of the Boost circuit is connected to the primary coil of the transformer, the secondary coil of the transformer is connected to the input terminal of the Buck-Boost circuit, and the Buck-Boost circuit is connected to the secondary coil of the transformer. -The output end of the Boost circuit is connected to the external load R 0 . Compared with the prior art, the invention realizes a larger voltage gain, improves the integration degree of the converter and the working efficiency of the transformer, and reduces the voltage stress of the switch tube.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及DC-DC变换器技术领域，尤其涉及一种带集成级联结构的DC-DC变换器。The invention relates to the technical field of DC-DC converters, in particular to a DC-DC converter with an integrated cascade structure.
背景技术Background technique
在分布式发电系统或者电池供电系统中，通常要求采用高升压DC-DC变换器。例如，在分布式光伏发电系统中，太阳能电池板的输出同时是一个很低的直流电压，而后一级的逆变器要求输入电压足够高，以得到符合要求的交流输出电压，因此，要求一个具有足够高电压增益的升压型变换器来实现能量转换。如图1所示，图1为典型的光伏发电系统能量变换结构图。从图中可知，高升压DC-DC变换器是连接光伏电池板和逆变器直流母线的关键部分。In a distributed generation system or a battery-powered system, a high-boost DC-DC converter is usually required. For example, in a distributed photovoltaic power generation system, the output of the solar panel is a very low DC voltage at the same time, and the inverter of the latter stage requires the input voltage to be high enough to obtain the required AC output voltage. Therefore, a A boost converter with sufficiently high voltage gain to achieve energy conversion. As shown in Figure 1, Figure 1 is a typical energy conversion structure diagram of a photovoltaic power generation system. It can be seen from the figure that the high-boost DC-DC converter is a key part connecting the photovoltaic panel and the DC bus of the inverter.
高升压DC-DC变换器可以通过隔离型和非隔离型拓扑实现。在传统的光伏发电系统中，图1中的高升压DC-DC变换器通常采用Boost电路，其电路结构简单，元器件数量少、控制系统容易实现。然而，当输入电压与输出电压之差较大时，Boost变换器的转换效率较低，而且传统的Boost电路中电压增益存在一个拐点，当占空比大于这个拐点时，电压增益将呈现快速下降的特性。High step-up DC-DC converters can be implemented in both isolated and non-isolated topologies. In a traditional photovoltaic power generation system, the high-boost DC-DC converter in Figure 1 usually uses a Boost circuit, which has a simple circuit structure, a small number of components, and an easy-to-implement control system. However, when the difference between the input voltage and the output voltage is large, the conversion efficiency of the Boost converter is low, and there is an inflection point in the voltage gain in the traditional Boost circuit, when the duty cycle is greater than this inflection point, the voltage gain will drop rapidly characteristics.
通常，在不要求电气隔离的场合，非隔离型变换器具有一些优势，因为其控制系统简单，并且不存在隔离变压器从而可以获得更小的体积。然而，在某些为达到安全标准而要求实施电气隔离的场合，非隔离型变换器并不能满足要求。In general, where electrical isolation is not required, non-isolated converters have some advantages because of the simplicity of the control system and the absence of an isolation transformer resulting in a smaller size. However, in some occasions where electrical isolation is required to meet safety standards, non-isolated converters cannot meet the requirements.
隔离型高升压DC-DC变换器由于能实现大电压增益和电气隔离，目前已被大量研究并被广泛应用在实际系统中。其中Minh-Khai Nguyen等人提出了一种准开关Boost型的隔离型拓扑，该电路允许存在直通状态，并且降低了变压器的匝比。Due to its ability to achieve large voltage gain and electrical isolation, isolated high-boost DC-DC converters have been extensively studied and widely used in practical systems. Among them, Minh-Khai Nguyen et al. proposed a quasi-switching Boost isolated topology, which allows a direct state and reduces the turn ratio of the transformer.
然而，在Minh-Khai Nguyen等人发明的方案中，由于输入侧电感值很大，使得输入侧电感与输入侧电容之间的谐振频率降低，当开关频率较高时，变换器容易产生振荡，而且，未考虑变压器漏感对电路的影响。实际上，在开关切换时刻，漏感的存在会产生较大的电压尖峰，且输出功率越大，电压尖峰越大，从而损坏电路中的功率元器件。However, in the solution invented by Minh-Khai Nguyen et al., due to the large value of the input side inductance, the resonance frequency between the input side inductance and the input side capacitance is reduced. When the switching frequency is high, the converter is prone to oscillation. Moreover, the influence of transformer leakage inductance on the circuit is not considered. In fact, at the switching moment of the switch, the existence of the leakage inductance will generate a large voltage spike, and the greater the output power, the larger the voltage spike, which will damage the power components in the circuit.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明提供一种带集成级联结构的DC-DC变换器，旨在通过一种集成结构和小的变压器匝比，实现较大的电压增益，并提高变换器的集成度和工作效率。The invention provides a DC-DC converter with an integrated cascaded structure, aiming at realizing a larger voltage gain and improving the integration degree and working efficiency of the converter through an integrated structure and a small transformer turn ratio.
为实现上述目的，本发明提供一种带集成级联结构的DC-DC变换器，所述带集成级联结构的DC-DC变换器内集成有Boost电路、Buck-Boost电路、以及变压器，其中，所述Boost电路的输入端与外界直流电源Vin连接，所述Boost电路的输出端与所述变压器的初级线圈连接，所述变压器的次级线圈与所述Buck-Boost电路的输入端连接，所述Buck-Boost电路的输出端与外界负载R0连接。In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a DC-DC converter with an integrated cascaded structure, the DC-DC converter with an integrated cascaded structure is integrated with a Boost circuit, a Buck-Boost circuit, and a transformer, wherein , the input end of the Boost circuit is connected to the external DC power supply Vin , the output end of the Boost circuit is connected to the primary coil of the transformer, and the secondary coil of the transformer is connected to the input end of the Buck-Boost circuit , the output end of the Buck-Boost circuit is connected to the external load R 0 .
本发明的进一步的技术方案是，所述Boost电路包括电容C1、电感L1、二极管D1、二极管D2、二极管D3、开关管S1、开关管S2、开关管S3、以及开关管S4；其中，A further technical solution of the present invention is that the Boost circuit includes a capacitor C 1 , an inductor L 1 , a diode D 1 , a diode D 2 , a diode D 3 , a switch S 1 , a switch S 2 , a switch S 3 , and switch tube S 4 ; where,
所述电感L1的输入端与外界直流电源Vin的正极连接，所述电感L1的输出端分别与所述二极管D1的阳级、二极管D2的阳级、二极管D3的阳级连接；所述二极管D1的阴级分别与所述电容C1的一端、所述开关管S1的漏级、开关管S3的漏级连接；所述开关管S1的源级分别与所述二极管D2的阴极、所述开关管S2的漏级、所述变压器的初级线圈的一端连接；所述开关管S3的源级分别与所述二极管D3的阴极、所述开关管S4的漏级、所述变压器的初级线圈的另一端连接；所述电容C1的另一端、所述开关管S2的源级、所述开关管S4的源级分别与所述外界直流电源Vin的负极连接。The input end of the inductance L1 is connected to the anode of the external DC power supply V in , and the output end of the inductance L1 is respectively connected to the anode of the diode D1 , the anode of the diode D2 , and the anode of the diode D3 . connected; the cathode of the diode D1 is respectively connected to one end of the capacitor C1 , the drain of the switch S1 , and the drain of the switch S3 ; the source of the switch S1 is respectively connected to The cathode of the diode D2 , the drain of the switch S2 , and one end of the primary coil of the transformer are connected; the source of the switch S3 is connected to the cathode of the diode D3 , the switch The drain of the tube S4 is connected to the other end of the primary coil of the transformer; the other end of the capacitor C1 , the source of the switching tube S2 , and the source of the switching tube S4 are respectively connected to the Negative connection of the external DC power supply V in .
本发明的进一步的技术方案是，所述Buck-Boost电路包括电感L2、二极管D4、二极管D5、二极管D6、二极管D7、二极管D8、以及开关管S5、以及电容C2；其中，A further technical solution of the present invention is that the Buck-Boost circuit includes an inductor L 2 , a diode D 4 , a diode D 5 , a diode D 6 , a diode D 7 , a diode D 8 , a switch tube S 5 , and a capacitor C 2 ;in,
所述电感L2的一端与所述变压器的一端连接，所述电感L2的另一端分别与所述二极管D4的阳极、所述二极管D5的阴极连接；所述二极管D4的阴极分别与所述二极管D6的阴极、所述开关管S5的漏极，所述二极管D8的阳极连接；所述二极管D6的阳极分别与所述变压器的次级线圈的另一端、所述二极管D7的阴极连接；所述二极管D8的阴极分别与所述电容C2的一端、所述外界负载R0的正极连接；所述二极管D7的阳极、所述开关管S5的源极、所述电容C2的另一端、所述外界电阻R0的负极分别与所述二极管D6的阳极连接。One end of the inductance L2 is connected to one end of the transformer, and the other end of the inductance L2 is respectively connected to the anode of the diode D4 and the cathode of the diode D5 ; the cathodes of the diode D4 are respectively It is connected with the cathode of the diode D6 , the drain of the switching tube S5 , and the anode of the diode D8 ; the anode of the diode D6 is respectively connected to the other end of the secondary coil of the transformer, the The cathode of the diode D7 is connected; the cathode of the diode D8 is respectively connected to one end of the capacitor C2 and the anode of the external load R0 ; the anode of the diode D7 is connected to the source of the switching tube S5 pole, the other end of the capacitor C2 , and the negative pole of the external resistor R0 are respectively connected to the anode of the diode D6 .
本发明的有益效果是：本发明通过上述技术方案，在所述带集成级联结构的DC-DC变换器内集成Boost电路、Buck-Boost电路、以及变压器，其中，所述Boost电路的输入端与外界直流电源Vin连接，所述Boost电路的输出端与所述变压器的初级线圈连接，所述变压器的次级线圈与所述Buck-Boost电路的输入端连接，所述Buck-Boost电路的输出端与外界负载R0连接，实现了较大的电压增益，提高了变换器的集成度和变压器的工作效率，并减小了开关管的电压应力。The beneficial effects of the present invention are: the present invention integrates a Boost circuit, a Buck-Boost circuit, and a transformer in the DC-DC converter with an integrated cascade structure through the above-mentioned technical solution, wherein the input end of the Boost circuit It is connected with the external DC power supply V in , the output terminal of the Boost circuit is connected with the primary coil of the transformer, the secondary coil of the transformer is connected with the input terminal of the Buck-Boost circuit, and the output terminal of the Buck-Boost circuit The output end is connected with the external load R 0 , which realizes a large voltage gain, improves the integration of the converter and the working efficiency of the transformer, and reduces the voltage stress of the switch tube.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是现有的光伏发电系统能量变换结构图；Figure 1 is an energy conversion structure diagram of an existing photovoltaic power generation system;
图2是本发明提出的带集成级联结构的DC-DC变换器第一实施例的结构示意图；Fig. 2 is a structural schematic diagram of a first embodiment of a DC-DC converter with an integrated cascade structure proposed by the present invention;
图3是本发明提出的带集成级联结构的DC-DC变换器第二实施例的电路结构示意图；3 is a schematic diagram of the circuit structure of the second embodiment of the DC-DC converter with integrated cascade structure proposed by the present invention;
图4是电感L2操作在DCM时的波形图；Fig. 4 is a waveform diagram when the inductor L2 operates in DCM;
图5(a)是本发明提出的带集成级联结构的DC-DC变换器第二实施例的等效电路图中第一级结构的示意图；Fig. 5 (a) is a schematic diagram of the first stage structure in the equivalent circuit diagram of the second embodiment of the DC-DC converter with integrated cascade structure proposed by the present invention;
图5(b)是本发明提出的带集成级联结构的DC-DC变换器第二实施例的等效电路图中第二级结构的示意图；Fig. 5 (b) is a schematic diagram of the second stage structure in the equivalent circuit diagram of the second embodiment of the DC-DC converter with integrated cascade structure proposed by the present invention;
本发明目的的实现、功能特点及优点将结合实施例，参照附图做进一步说明。The realization of the purpose of the present invention, functional characteristics and advantages will be further described in conjunction with the embodiments and with reference to the accompanying drawings.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
应当理解，此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用以解释本发明，并不用于限定本发明。It should be understood that the specific embodiments described here are only used to explain the present invention, not to limit the present invention.
具体地，请参照图2，图2是本发明提出的带集成级联结构的DC-DC变换器第一实施例的结构示意图。Specifically, please refer to FIG. 2 , which is a schematic structural diagram of a first embodiment of a DC-DC converter with an integrated cascaded structure proposed by the present invention.
如图2所示，本实施例提出的带集成级联结构的DC-DC变换器集成有Boost电路、Buck-Boost电路、以及变压器，其中，所述Boost电路的输入端与外界直流电源Vin连接，所述Boost电路的输出端与所述变压器的初级线圈连接，所述变压器的次级线圈与所述Buck-Boost电路的输入端连接，所述Buck-Boost电路的输出端与外界负载R0连接。As shown in Figure 2, the DC-DC converter with an integrated cascaded structure proposed in this embodiment integrates a Boost circuit, a Buck-Boost circuit, and a transformer, wherein the input terminal of the Boost circuit is connected to the external DC power supply V in connected, the output end of the Boost circuit is connected to the primary coil of the transformer, the secondary coil of the transformer is connected to the input end of the Buck-Boost circuit, and the output end of the Buck-Boost circuit is connected to the external load R 0 connections.
本实施例通过上述技术方案，在所述带集成级联结构的DC-DC变换器内集成Boost电路、Buck-Boost电路、以及变压器，实现了较大的电压增益，提高了变换器的集成度和变压器的工作效率。In this embodiment, the Boost circuit, Buck-Boost circuit, and transformer are integrated in the DC-DC converter with an integrated cascade structure through the above-mentioned technical solution, so as to realize a relatively large voltage gain and improve the integration degree of the converter. and transformer efficiency.
进一步的，请参照图3，图3是本发明提出的带集成级联结构的DC-DC变换器第二实施例的电路结构示意图。Further, please refer to FIG. 3 . FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a circuit structure of a second embodiment of a DC-DC converter with an integrated cascaded structure proposed by the present invention.
具体的，本实施例中，所述Boost电路包括电容C1、电感L1、二极管D1、二极管D2、二极管D3、开关管S1、开关管S2、开关管S3、以及开关管S4。其中，所述电感L1的输入端与外界直流电源Vin的正极连接，所述电感L1的输出端分别与所述二极管D1的阳级、二极管D2的阳级、二极管D3的阳级连接；所述二极管D1的阴级分别与所述电容C1的一端、所述开关管S1的漏级、开关管S3的漏级连接；所述开关管S1的源级分别与所述二极管D2的阴极、所述开关管S2的漏级、所述变压器的初级线圈的一端连接；所述开关管S3的源级分别与所述二极管D3的阴极、所述开关管S4的漏级、所述变压器的初级线圈的另一端连接；所述电容C1的另一端、所述开关管S2的源级、所述开关管S4的源级分别与所述外界直流电源Vin的负极连接。Specifically, in this embodiment, the Boost circuit includes a capacitor C 1 , an inductor L 1 , a diode D 1 , a diode D 2 , a diode D 3 , a switch S 1 , a switch S 2 , a switch S 3 , and a switch Tube S4 . Wherein, the input end of the inductance L1 is connected to the positive pole of the external DC power supply V in , and the output end of the inductance L1 is respectively connected to the anode of the diode D1 , the anode of the diode D2 , and the anode of the diode D3 . anode connection; the cathode of the diode D1 is respectively connected to one end of the capacitor C1 , the drain of the switch S1 , and the drain of the switch S3 ; the source of the switch S1 respectively connected to the cathode of the diode D2 , the drain of the switching tube S2 , and one end of the primary coil of the transformer; the source of the switching tube S3 is respectively connected to the cathode of the diode D3 , the The drain stage of the switch tube S4 and the other end of the primary coil of the transformer are connected; the other end of the capacitor C1 , the source stage of the switch tube S2 , and the source stage of the switch tube S4 are respectively connected to The negative pole of the external DC power supply V in is connected.
所述Buck-Boost电路包括电感L2、二极管D4、二极管D5、二极管D6、二极管D7、二极管D8、以及开关管S5、以及电容C2。其中，所述电感L2的一端与所述变压器的一端连接，所述电感L2的另一端分别与所述二极管D4的阳极、所述二极管D5的阴极连接；所述二极管D4的阴极分别与所述二极管D6的阴极、所述开关管S5的漏极，所述二极管D8的阳极连接；所述二极管D6的阳极分别与所述变压器的次级线圈的另一端、所述二极管D7的阴极连接；所述二极管D8的阴极分别与所述电容C2的一端、所述外界负载R0的正极连接；所述二极管D7的阳极、所述开关管S5的源极、所述电容C2的另一端、所述外界电阻R0的负极分别与所述二极管D6的阳极连接。The Buck-Boost circuit includes an inductor L 2 , a diode D 4 , a diode D 5 , a diode D 6 , a diode D 7 , a diode D 8 , a switch tube S 5 , and a capacitor C 2 . Wherein, one end of the inductance L2 is connected to one end of the transformer, and the other end of the inductance L2 is respectively connected to the anode of the diode D4 and the cathode of the diode D5 ; The cathode is respectively connected to the cathode of the diode D6 , the drain of the switching tube S5 , and the anode of the diode D8 ; the anode of the diode D6 is respectively connected to the other end of the secondary coil of the transformer, The cathode of the diode D7 is connected; the cathode of the diode D8 is respectively connected to one end of the capacitor C2 and the anode of the external load R0 ; the anode of the diode D7 is connected to the switch tube S5 The source of the capacitor C2, the other end of the capacitor C2 , and the cathode of the external resistor R0 are respectively connected to the anode of the diode D6 .
下面结合图3、图4、图5(a)以及图5(b)对本实施例的电路原理做详细阐述：The circuit principle of this embodiment is described in detail below in conjunction with Fig. 3, Fig. 4, Fig. 5(a) and Fig. 5(b):
本实施例提出的带集成级联结构的DC-DC变换器的电路图如图3所示，其中，Vin为输入电压，而Vo为输出电压。N为变压器Tr的匝比。电感L2为实际系统中变压器Tr的漏感与外部串联电感之和。The circuit diagram of the DC-DC converter with integrated cascaded structure proposed in this embodiment is shown in FIG. 3 , where V in is the input voltage, and V o is the output voltage. N is the turns ratio of the transformer Tr . The inductance L2 is the sum of the leakage inductance of the transformer Tr in the actual system and the external series inductance.
如图3所示，低压侧通常连接光伏电池或者燃料电池的输出端，高压侧为直流母线。由于低压侧的电池属性，为得到一个较小的峰值电流，因此实际电路中电感L1通常工作在连续导通模式(CCM)。而电感L2则可以工作在断续导通模式(DCM)或者连续导通模式(CCM)。当电路参数确定时，电感L2的导通模式取决于负载的大小。As shown in Figure 3, the low-voltage side is usually connected to the output end of a photovoltaic cell or a fuel cell, and the high-voltage side is a DC bus. Due to the properties of the battery on the low-voltage side, in order to obtain a smaller peak current, the inductor L 1 usually works in continuous conduction mode (CCM) in the actual circuit. The inductor L 2 can work in discontinuous conduction mode (DCM) or continuous conduction mode (CCM). When the circuit parameters are determined, the conduction mode of the inductor L2 depends on the size of the load.
为简化分析过程，做以下假设：To simplify the analysis process, the following assumptions are made:
1)所有开关管和二极管被认为是理想器件，即所有开关管的导通电阻和所有二极管的正向导通压降均视为零；1) All switches and diodes are considered ideal devices, that is, the on-resistance of all switches and the forward voltage drop of all diodes are regarded as zero;
2)所述电容C1和电容C2容值足够大，即VC1和VC2恒定；2) The capacitance values of the capacitor C1 and the capacitor C2 are large enough, that is, V C1 and V C2 are constant;
3)同一桥臂的上管和下管之间的死区时间忽略。3) The dead time between the upper tube and the lower tube of the same bridge arm is ignored.
图4是电感L2操作在DCM时的波形图。其中，Ts为开关周期。D为开关管S2和开关管S4在一个开关周期内的占空比。Δ1为时间段[t1，t2]在一个开关周期Ts内的占空比。在DCM，一个开关周期内变换器分为6个阶段。FIG. 4 is a waveform diagram of the inductor L 2 operating in DCM. Among them, Ts is the switching cycle. D is the duty cycle of the switching tube S2 and the switching tube S4 in one switching cycle. Δ 1 is the duty ratio of the time period [t 1 , t 2 ] within one switching period T s . In DCM, the converter is divided into 6 stages in one switching cycle.
阶段1[t0-t1]：在t0时刻，开关管S1，开关管S4和开关管S5导通。在这个阶段，输入电压Vin通过回路D3和S4给电感L1充电。同时，电压VC1通过回路S1，D4，S5，D7和S4给电感L2充电。根据变压器等效原理，此时施加在电感L2两端的电压为NVC1。输出电压Vo由电压VC2提供。Phase 1 [t 0 -t 1 ]: At time t 0 , the switching tube S 1 , the switching tube S 4 and the switching tube S 5 are turned on. In this stage, the input voltage V in charges the inductor L 1 through the loop D 3 and S 4 . At the same time, the voltage V C1 charges the inductor L 2 through the loops S 1 , D 4 , S 5 , D 7 and S 4 . According to the transformer equivalent principle, the voltage applied to both ends of the inductor L 2 at this time is NV C1 . The output voltage V o is provided by the voltage V C2 .
阶段2[t1-t2]：在t1时刻，开关管S4和开关管S5关断，开关管S3导通。电感L1通过回路D1，C1和Vin续流。电感L1中的能量被释放到电容C1。电感L2通过回路S3，S1，D4，D8，Vo和D7续流。电感L2中的能量被释放到输出电压Vo。Stage 2 [t 1 -t 2 ]: at time t 1 , the switching tube S 4 and the switching tube S 5 are turned off, and the switching tube S 3 is turned on. Inductor L 1 freewheels through loop D 1 , C 1 and V in . The energy in the inductor L 1 is released to the capacitor C 1 . Inductor L 2 freewheels through loops S 3 , S 1 , D 4 , D 8 , V o and D 7 . The energy in the inductor L 2 is released to the output voltage V o .
阶段3[t2-t3]：在t2时刻，电感L2续流结束，电感L2的电流下降为零。在这个阶段，流过电感L2的电流为零。虽然开关管S1和开关管S3仍然处于导通状态，但是也没有电流流过。同时，电感L1依然工作在续流状态。输出电压Vo由电压VC2提供。Phase 3 [t 2 -t 3 ]: At time t 2 , the freewheeling of the inductor L 2 ends, and the current of the inductor L 2 drops to zero. At this stage, the current flowing through the inductor L2 is zero. Although the switching tube S1 and the switching tube S3 are still in the conduction state, no current flows. At the same time, the inductor L1 still works in the freewheeling state. The output voltage V o is provided by the voltage V C2 .
阶段4[t3-t4]：在t3时刻，开关管S1关断，开关管S2和开关管S5导通。这个阶段与阶段1类似。然而，在这一阶段电感L2的电流方向与阶段1相反。在这个阶段，输入电压Vin通过回路D2和S2给电感L1充电。同时，电压VC1通过回路S3，D6，S5，D5和S2给电感L2充电。施加在电感L2两端的电压为NVC1。输出电压Vo由电压VC2提供。Stage 4 [t 3 -t 4 ]: at time t 3 , switch S 1 is turned off, and switch S 2 and switch S 5 are turned on. This stage is similar to stage 1. However, the current direction of inductor L2 is opposite to that of phase 1 at this stage. In this stage, the input voltage V in charges the inductor L 1 through the loop D 2 and S 2 . At the same time, the voltage V C1 charges the inductor L 2 through the loops S 3 , D 6 , S 5 , D 5 and S 2 . The voltage applied across the inductor L 2 is NV C1 . The output voltage V o is provided by the voltage V C2 .
阶段5[t4-t5]：在t4时刻，开关管S2和开关管S5关断，开关管S1导通。这个阶段与阶段2类似。在这个阶段，电感L1通过回路D1，C1和Vin续流。电感L1中的能量被释放到电容C1。电感L2通过回路S1，S3，D6，D8，Vo和D5续流。电感L2中的能量被释放到输出电压Vo。Stage 5 [t 4 -t 5 ]: at time t 4 , the switching tube S 2 and the switching tube S 5 are turned off, and the switching tube S 1 is turned on. This stage is similar to stage 2. In this phase, inductor L1 freewheels through loop D1 , C1 and Vin . The energy in the inductor L 1 is released to the capacitor C 1 . Inductor L 2 freewheels through loops S 1 , S 3 , D 6 , D 8 , V o and D 5 . The energy in the inductor L 2 is released to the output voltage V o .
阶段6[t5-t6]：在t5时刻，电感L2续流结束，电感L2的电流下降为零。这个阶段与阶段3类似。在这个阶段，流过电感L2的电流为零。输出电压Vo由电压VC2提供。Stage 6 [t 5 -t 6 ]: At time t 5 , the freewheeling of the inductor L 2 ends, and the current of the inductor L 2 drops to zero. This stage is similar to stage 3. At this stage, the current flowing through the inductor L2 is zero. The output voltage V o is provided by the voltage V C2 .
需要说明的是，根据操作原理，本实施例提出的带集成级联结构的DC-DC变换器被集成为一个非隔离型变换器和一个隔离型变换器。该带集成级联结构的变换器可以等效为两级电路结构。其中，在第一级结构，能量从输入电压Vin传递到电容C1中；在第二级结构，能量从电容C1传递到输出侧。本实施例提出的带集成级联结构的DC-DC变换器的等效电路图如图5(a)及图5(b)所示。It should be noted that, according to the operating principle, the DC-DC converter with integrated cascaded structure proposed in this embodiment is integrated into a non-isolated converter and an isolated converter. The converter with integrated cascaded structure can be equivalent to a two-stage circuit structure. Wherein, in the first stage structure, the energy is transferred from the input voltage V in to the capacitor C1 ; in the second stage structure, the energy is transferred from the capacitor C1 to the output side. The equivalent circuit diagrams of the DC-DC converter with integrated cascade structure proposed in this embodiment are shown in Fig. 5(a) and Fig. 5(b).
图5(a)中是一个Boost变换器，图5(b)中是一个Buck-Boost变换器。在图5(b)中，NVC1是由VC1通过变压器等效变换后得到。Figure 5(a) is a Boost converter, and Figure 5(b) is a Buck-Boost converter. In Figure 5(b), NV C1 is obtained by equivalent transformation of V C1 through a transformer.
其中，图5(a)所示的Boost变换器包括电感L1、二极管D1、开关管S2或者S4、电容C1、以及电阻R1；所述电感L1的一端与电源Vin的正极连接，所述电感L1的另一端分别与所述二极管D1的阳极、所述开关管S2或者S4的漏级连接，所述二极管D1的阴极分别与所述电容C1的一端、所述电阻R1的一端连接，所述电源Vin的负极分别与所述开关管S2或者S4的源级、所述电容C1的另一端、所述电阻R1的另一端连接。Wherein, the Boost converter shown in FIG. 5(a) includes an inductor L 1 , a diode D 1 , a switch tube S 2 or S 4 , a capacitor C 1 , and a resistor R 1 ; one end of the inductor L 1 is connected to the power supply V in The other end of the inductor L1 is respectively connected to the anode of the diode D1 , the drain of the switching tube S2 or S4 , and the cathode of the diode D1 is respectively connected to the capacitor C1 One end of the resistor R1 is connected to one end of the resistor R1, and the negative electrode of the power supply Vin is connected to the source stage of the switch tube S2 or S4 , the other end of the capacitor C1 , and the other end of the resistor R1. Connected at one end.
图5(b)所示的Buck-Boost变换器包括开关管S2或者S4，电感L2，二极管D8，二极管DS1或者DS3，开关管S5，电容C2，电阻R0。需要说明的是，在上述图3中，所述开关管S1的源级和漏级之间连接有所述二极管DS1，所述二极管DS1的阳极和所述开关管S1的源级连接，所述二极管DS1的阴极和所述开关管S1的漏级连接；所述开关管S2的源级和漏级之间连接有所述二极管DS2，所述二极管DS2的阳极和所述开关管S2的源级连接，所述二极管DS2的阴极和所述开关管S2的漏级连接。The Buck-Boost converter shown in Fig. 5(b) includes switch tube S 2 or S 4 , inductor L 2 , diode D 8 , diode D S1 or D S3 , switch tube S 5 , capacitor C 2 , and resistor R 0 . It should be noted that, in the above-mentioned FIG. 3, the diode D S1 is connected between the source and drain of the switch S1 , and the anode of the diode D S1 is connected to the source of the switch S1 . connected, the cathode of the diode D S1 is connected to the drain of the switch S1 ; the diode D S2 is connected between the source and the drain of the switch S2, and the anode of the diode D S2 It is connected to the source of the switching tube S2 , and the cathode of the diode D S2 is connected to the drain of the switching tube S2 .
图5(b)中，所述开关管S2或者S4的漏级和所述电源NVC1的正极连接，所述开关管S2或者S4的源级分别和所述电感L2的一端，所述二极管DS1或者DS3的阴极连接，所述电感L2的另一端分别和所述开关管S5的漏级、所述二极管D8的阳极连接，所述二极管D8的阴极分别与所述电容C2的一端、所述电阻R0的一端连接，所述电源NVC1的负极分别与所述二极管DS1或者DS3的阳级、所述开关管S5的源级、所述电容C2的另一端、所述电阻R0的另一端连接。In Fig. 5(b), the drain stage of the switch tube S2 or S4 is connected to the positive pole of the power supply NVC1 , and the source stage of the switch tube S2 or S4 is respectively connected to one end of the inductor L2 , the cathode of the diode D S1 or D S3 is connected, the other end of the inductor L2 is respectively connected to the drain of the switch S5 and the anode of the diode D8 , and the cathode of the diode D8 is respectively It is connected with one end of the capacitor C2 and one end of the resistor R0 , and the negative pole of the power supply NV C1 is respectively connected to the anode of the diode DS1 or DS3 , the source of the switching tube S5 , the The other end of the capacitor C2 and the other end of the resistor R0 are connected.
在DCM时变换器的操作波形如图4所示。Ts为开关周期，开关频率根据以上分析，在正半周期和负半周期变换器的操作原理相同。因此，只需要对变换器在半个周期内的电路状态进行推导和分析。The operating waveform of the converter in DCM is shown in Figure 4. Ts is the switching period, switching frequency According to the above analysis, in the positive half cycle and the negative half cycle Converters operate on the same principle. Therefore, it is only necessary to deduce and analyze the circuit state of the converter in half a cycle.
根据图4、图5(a)、以及图5(b)，在时间间隔[t0,t3]内，分别对电感L1和电感L2应用伏秒平衡原理，有According to Figure 4, Figure 5(a), and Figure 5(b), within the time interval [t 0 , t 3 ], apply the volt-second balance principle to the inductance L 1 and the inductance L 2 respectively, we have
化简式(1)，有Simplifying formula (1), we have
此外，根据图4的操作波形，电流iC在时间间隔[t0，t3]内的平均值等于输出侧的平均电流值Io，则有In addition, according to the operation waveform of Fig. 4, the average value of the current i C within the time interval [t 0 , t 3 ] is equal to the average current value I o on the output side, then there is
联立(2)和(3),可求出输出功率的表达式为Simultaneously (2) and (3), the expression of the output power can be obtained as
综上所述，本发明提出的带集成级联结构的DC-DC变换器内集成Boost电路、Buck-Boost电路、以及变压器，其中，所述Boost电路的输入端与外界直流电源Vin连接，所述Boost电路的输出端与所述变压器的初级线圈连接，所述变压器的次级线圈与所述Buck-Boost电路的输入端连接，所述Buck-Boost电路的输出端与外界负载R0连接，相对于现有技术，实现了较大的电压增益，提高了变换器的集成度和变压器的工作效率，并减小了开关管的电压应力。In summary, the DC-DC converter with an integrated cascade structure proposed by the present invention integrates a Boost circuit, a Buck-Boost circuit, and a transformer, wherein the input end of the Boost circuit is connected to the external DC power supply V in , The output terminal of the Boost circuit is connected with the primary coil of the transformer, the secondary coil of the transformer is connected with the input terminal of the Buck-Boost circuit, and the output terminal of the Buck-Boost circuit is connected with the external load R0 , compared with the prior art, it achieves a larger voltage gain, improves the integration of the converter and the working efficiency of the transformer, and reduces the voltage stress of the switch tube.
以上所述仅为本发明的优选实施例，并非因此限制本发明的专利范围，凡是利用本发明说明书及附图内容所作的等效结构或流程变换，或直接或间接运用在其它相关的技术领域，均同理包括在本发明的专利保护范围内。The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and does not limit the patent scope of the present invention. Any equivalent structure or process transformation made by using the description of the present invention and the contents of the accompanying drawings, or directly or indirectly used in other related technical fields , are all included in the scope of patent protection of the present invention in the same way.
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