CN108071012A - 一种纺织精练剂 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种纺织精炼剂。脂肪醇醚具有如下分子通式：R‑O‑[(PO)n/(EO)m]‑(EO)t‑H；R为C8‑C18的烷基；[(PO)n/(EO)m]是由PO和EO构成的共聚链段，所述共聚链段中PO单元的个数n＝2～5，所述共聚链段中EO单元的个数m＝2～8，分子通式中分子末端具有的EO结构单元数为t＝2～5。上述技术方案中，所述磷酸酯的结构中优选含有R2基团和EO结构单元，R2为C8～C10的烷基，EO结构单元个数与R2基团个数的比为k＝2～9，更优选k＝2～6。所述的磷酸酯可选采用合成路线一或合成路线二制备，而合成路线一得到的磷酸酯在提高渗透性和润湿性效果优于合成路线二得到的磷酸酯，采用合成路线一得到的磷酸酯与合成路线二得到的磷酸酯混合使用时两种结构的磷酸酯具有协同作用，因此最好。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种纺织精练剂，尤其涉及包括磷酸酯和聚醚的纺织精练剂。
背景技术
精练过程是纺织品在一定温度下与碱和精练剂进行的一个复杂的化学和物理化学过程，它包括渗透、净洗、膨化、乳化、皂化、分散、螯合和脱色等作用，其中渗透和净洗是较为重要的作用，精练过程第一步是在表面活性剂作用下，精练液向纤维内部渗透，使纤维及杂质膨化；第二步为净洗作用，即纤维经充分润湿后，其杂质经过热和化学品的皂洗、乳化、萃取、分散等作用而被去除。精练剂的作用是帮助碱液渗透到纤维内部，促进蜡状物的皂化，棉籽壳、蛋白质和果胶等的分解，使已脱离纤维的杂质分散在煮练液中，防止重新附着在纤维上。
发明内容
1、磷酸酯的合成
(1)使异辛醇与P2O5在48℃反应70分钟；其中，异辛醇与P2O5在的摩尔比1∶0.50；
(2)在75℃保温4小时；
(3)按照水与步骤(1)中的异辛醇摩尔比为1.2加入水，在90℃水解1小时；
(4)在105℃真空脱水60分钟；在120℃加入EO，EO与步骤(1)中异辛醇的摩尔
比为4，在加入EO过程中控制表压为0.2MPa；
5)加完EO后，在130℃保温1小时，然后在110℃真空30分钟即得所述磷酸酯。
本发明的有益效果：1.本发明设计的产品，更可靠，灵敏度更高，保证安全； 2. 本发明设计的产品，用以在纺织领域能够高效，完整的进行工作。3. 本发明设计的产品，结构简单。
具体实施方式
本发明的技术方案如下：纺织精练剂，以重量份计，
包括如下组分：
磷酸酯，100份；
脂肪醇醚，5～20份；
其中，所述的脂肪醇醚具有如下分子通式：R-O-[(PO)n/(EO)m]-(EO)t-H；R为C8-C18的烷基；[(PO)n/(EO)m]是由PO和EO构成的共聚链段，所述共聚链段中PO单元的个数n＝2～5，所述共聚链段中EO单元的个数m＝2～8，分子通式中分子末端具有的EO结构单元数为t＝2～5。
上述技术方案中，所述磷酸酯的结构中优选含有R2基团和EO结构单元，R2为C8～
C10的烷基，EO结构单元个数与R2基团个数的比为k＝2～9，更优选k＝2～6。所述的磷酸酯可选采用合成路线一或合成路线二制备，而合成路线一得到的磷酸酯在提高渗透性和润湿性效果优于合成路线二得到的磷酸酯，采用合成路线一得到的磷酸酯与合成路线二得到的磷酸酯混合使用时两种结构的磷酸酯具有协同作用，因此最好。两个合成路线分别如下：
合成路线一：先将R2OH进行磷酸化，再与所需量的EO(每摩尔R2OH需要k摩尔EO)
进行加成反应。例如所述磷酸酯的合成，可依次包括以下步骤：
(1)使R2OH与P2O5在45～50℃反应1～1.5小时；其中，R2OH与P2O5在的摩尔比为1∶(0.45～0.55)；
(2)在70～80℃保温3～5小时；
(3)按照水与步骤(1)中的R2OH的摩尔比为1.1～1.4加入水，在85～90℃水解1～2小时；
(4)在105～110℃真空脱水30～60分钟；在110～125℃加入EO，EO与步骤
(1)中异辛醇的摩尔比为k摩尔，在加入EO过程中控制表压为0～0.3MPa；
(5)在130～140℃保温0.5～1小时，然后在110～120℃真空15～30分钟即
得所述磷酸酯。
其中步骤(1)～步骤(3)为磷酸化步骤，步骤(3)和步骤(4)为EO加成步骤。
合成路线二：先将R2OH与所需量的EO(每摩尔R2OH需要k摩尔EO)进行加成反
应，然后再进行磷酸化。例如所述磷酸酯的合成，可依次包括以下步骤：
(i)在催化剂存在下使R2OH与EO反应得到R2O(EO)k-H；
这个脂肪醇与EO的反应方法本身是本领域的公知技术。人们知道常用的催化剂
可以是碱性催化剂，例如但不限于KOH、NaOH、甲醇钾、甲醇钠、乙醇钾、乙醇钠、还可以用常
见的酸性催化剂，例如但不限于BF3等。
(ii)使R2O(EO)k-H与P2O5在45～50℃反应1～1.5小时；其中，R2O(EO)k-H与
P2O5在的摩尔比为1∶(0.45～0.55)；
(iii)在70～80℃保温3～5小时；
(iv)按照水与步骤(ii)中的R2O(EO)k-H摩尔比为1.1～1.4加入水，在85～
90℃水解1～2小时。
上述技术方案中，所述共聚链段可以具有一种嵌段结构，在所述分子通式中从左
至右依次为(EO)m链段和(PO)n链段。
上述技术方案中，所述共聚链段还可以具有另一种嵌段结构，在所述分子通式中
从左至右依次为(PO)n链段和(EO)m链段。
上述技术方案中，所述共聚链段可以具有无规结构，由EO和PO无规共聚而成。
上述技术方案中，R-O-[(PO)n/(EO)m]-(EO)t-H是在酸性催化剂或碱性催化剂存在
下，每摩尔R-O-[(PO)n/(EO)m]-H与t摩尔EO反应而得，更优选采用酸性催化剂。
上述技术方案中，所述组合物还包括作为溶剂的水。
在获得了本发明所述的各组分的情况下，只要将各组成混合均匀即可得到本发明
纺织精练剂，各组分之间的混合顺序没有特别要求。
本领域技术人员知道，本发明所述纺织精练剂根据需要，可以包括其他常见的阴
离子表面活性剂(例如脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚磺酸盐、脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚羧酸盐)、烷基糖苷、脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚糖苷等；本领域技术人员知道，本发明所述纺织精练剂根据需要，可包括其它本领域常见的助剂，例如金属螯合剂、消泡剂、退浆用生物酶(例如a-淀粉酶，纤维素酶，蛋白酶，果胶酶)、抗沉积剂(CMC或聚丙烯酸钠、聚丙烯酸马来酸酐共聚物等)等等。为解决上述技术问题之二，本发明的技术方案如下：上述技术问题之一中的技术
方案中任一项所述纺织精练剂在纺织物的印染前处理中的应用。
上述技术方案中，所述的纺织物优选由棉、毛、麻、蚕丝以及合成纤维中的至少一种纺织而得。
本发明具体实施方式中，本发明的精练剂的性能测试项目和测试方法如下(其中
涉及精练剂用量或浓度时，以本发明中的磷酸酯和脂肪醇醚的总量计)：
1.耐碱渗透性
配制一定浓度的高碱样品溶液(精练剂浓度为10g/L)后，采用32×32标准棉帆
布沉降时间的方法来测试渗透性能。沉降时间越短，表明其渗透性能越好，反之渗透性能越差。
2.耐碱稳定性
配制一定浓度的高碱样品溶液后，观察溶液的外观状态，溶液不分层，无凝聚物或
油状物漂出，则耐碱稳定性好，反之，则耐碱稳定性差。实验样品浓度为10g/L。
3.乳化性能
取20ml的1g/L试样水溶液于100ml具塞量筒中，并加入20ml的白油。盖紧塞
子，上下剧烈摇动5次，静置1分钟后继续摇动5次，再静置1分钟，如此重复操作5次。开启秒表记时，记录溶液分离出10ml水是所需的时间。分层时间越短，则其乳化性能越差，反之，乳化性能越好。
4.分散性能
取5g/L油酸钠溶液5mL，置于100mL具塞量筒中，加入适量的2.5g/L试样水溶液，然后加入1g/L碳酸钙硬水10mL，再加入30mL蒸馏水，加盖摇动20次，观测钙皂分散情况，若有絮凝沉淀，则说明分散剂用量不足，继续加试样溶液，重复上述操作，直至溶液呈半透明状态，无大块絮凝物存在即为终点。记录所加试样溶液体积V(mL)。分散指数下式计算：分散指数LSDP＝[(V×2.5)÷(5×5)]×100％。分散指数越小分散力越好。
5.毛效
按AATCC法规定，方法是用微量滴管在10cm高度滴水至用不锈钢绷架绷紧的布面上，10s滴完0.5mL，30s观察布面经纬向扩散宽度，可先用圆珠笔划好线再量尺寸。4cm为及格，5cm为良好，6cm为优秀。测量时，取其经、纬方向的最低值。
6.白度
白度在ZBD-1型白度仪上测量。具体操作如下：将试样按要求叠成10层，在试样的
不同部位保持经纬方向一致的情况下取五个点测量，取平均值。读数越大，表明白度越好。
本装置的上述内容已经描述了本发明的具体实施方式，本领域技术人员应了解，本发明产品的不限于上面描述的实施例，在不偏离本发明的精神的情况下可以做出各种修改，所述修改也应包含在本发明的范围之内。本发明的范围应由所附权利要求及其等同物来限定。
Claims (1)
1.一种纺织精练剂，其特征在于：磷酸酯的合成(1)使异辛醇与P2O5在48℃反应70分钟；其中，异辛醇与P2O5在的摩尔比1∶0.50；
(2)在75℃保温4小时；
(3)按照水与步骤(1)中的异辛醇摩尔比为1.2加入水，在90℃水解1小时；
(4)在105℃真空脱水60分钟；在120℃加入EO，EO与步骤(1)中异辛醇的摩尔比为4，在加入EO过程中控制表压为0.2MPa；
5)加完EO后，在130℃保温1小时，然后在110℃真空30分钟即得所述磷酸酯。
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| CN111321598A (zh) * | 2018-12-17 | 2020-06-23 | 辽宁奥克化学股份有限公司 | 一种用于纺织精炼剂的磷酸酯及其用途和纺织精炼剂 |
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| CN111321598A (zh) * | 2018-12-17 | 2020-06-23 | 辽宁奥克化学股份有限公司 | 一种用于纺织精炼剂的磷酸酯及其用途和纺织精炼剂 |
| CN111321598B (zh) * | 2018-12-17 | 2022-08-26 | 辽宁奥克化学股份有限公司 | 一种用于纺织精炼剂的磷酸酯及其用途和纺织精炼剂 |
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