CN108070385A - A kind of soil conditioner applied to salt-soda soil - Google Patents
A kind of soil conditioner applied to salt-soda soil Download PDFInfo
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- CN108070385A CN108070385A CN201810102364.9A CN201810102364A CN108070385A CN 108070385 A CN108070385 A CN 108070385A CN 201810102364 A CN201810102364 A CN 201810102364A CN 108070385 A CN108070385 A CN 108070385A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K17/00—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials
- C09K17/40—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials containing mixtures of inorganic and organic compounds
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- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D213/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D213/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D213/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
- C07D213/60—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
- C07D213/61—Halogen atoms or nitro radicals
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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- C09K2101/00—Agricultural use
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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Abstract
The present invention relates to alkaline land improving technical fields, and in particular to a kind of soil conditioner applied to salt-soda soil, the soil conditioner include：Fulvic acid, humic acid, maleic acid, degreasing gypsum, 2 chlorine, 6 trichloromethyl pyridine phosphate, calcium ammonium nitrate；The fulvic acid, humic acid, maleic acid, 2 chlorine, 6 trichloromethyl pyridine phosphate, calcium ammonium nitrate are according to following weight ratio 12：3‑6：3‑5：0.03‑0.06：10 12, the desulfurated plaster carries out supplement surplus, this conditioner can automatically adjust P in soil H, then calcium ion exclusion sodium ion enters underground water by irrigation water leaching, 2 chlorine, 6 trichloromethyl pyridine phosphate quickly inhibits the oxidation of soil ammonium ion, make soil realize in a long time ammonium, nitre mixing, and ammonium, nitre mixing can the saline and alkaline stress to plant of Rapid reversal, including improve due to Saline Alkali Stress into chlorophyll content, Net Photosynthetic Rate, stomatal conductance reduce problem.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to alkaline land improving technical fields, and in particular to a kind of soil conditioner applied to salt-soda soil.
Background technology
Salinized soil is divided into solonchak, alkaline earth and saline-alkali soil, is a part for China's important land resources, especially in the north
Area, in wasteland resources, salinized soil occupies very big proportion, and in, the transformation on low yield ground be almost directed to the improvement of salinized soil.Root
It is counted according to the Second National soil survey information of Ministry of Agriculture's tissue, China's salinized soil area does not include strand beach for 5.2 hundred million mu
It applies, wherein 2.4 hundred million mu of solonchak, 1299.91 ten thousand mu of alkaline earth, all kinds of salinized soils are 2.7 hundred million mu.
According to FAO's investigation statistics of 2000, Chinese salinized soil area bigger, if will be potential
In type of salinized soil is logged in, Chinese salinized soil area will up to 14.87 hundred million mu, wherein modern saline-alkali soil area accounts for
37.26%；Remaining saline-alkali soil area accounts for 45.26%, separately has potential saline-alkali soil to account for 17.48%.
The salt-soda soil in China is concentrated mainly on these arid and semi-arid lands of North China, northwest and northeast, wherein solonchak master
Xinjiang, Shanxi basin, the North China Plain, Tibet, Yellow River basin, Basin of Huaihe River and coastal area, alkaline earth is distributed in mainly to be distributed
In some areas in the Northeast northwestward, Inner Mongol, Yinchuan Basin and Shanxi.
Research shows saline-alkali soil often due to soon to the coercion of plant, reduces chlorophyll content (chl)/net
Photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (Gs), Stomatal limitation value (Ls)；Under salt stress, the enzymatic protective system of plant, anti-oxidant system
System, active oxygen, film peroxide and membrane permeability reaction are different, generate different degrees of influence.Plant is made to be difficult to normal life
It is long.
At present, issuing for alkaline land improvement mainly improves soil using soil conditioner, and being equipped with water resources industry, (desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching is arranged
Salt, irrigation and drainage, anti-silting antiseepage regulate and control level of ground water), agricultural tillage measure (is leveled land, is ploughed deeply, apply soil moved in improve the original, covering, drop
Fill, crop rotation, the measures such as interplanting) and biological control measure (kind for screening some saline-alkali tolerants is planted) progress.And soil conditioner
Main kind such as microporous mineral fertilizer, gypsum, humic acid, biological carbon fertilizer, bacteria agent, natural zeolite etc., this soil changes
Good dose generally requires just take effect for several years, has great disadvantage.
The content of the invention
In order to effectively solve the above problems, the present invention provides a kind of soil conditioner applied to salt-soda soil.
The specific technical solution of the present invention is as follows：A kind of soil conditioner applied to salt-soda soil, the soil conditioner
Including：
Fulvic acid, humic acid, maleic acid, degreasing gypsum, N-serve phosphate, calcium ammonium nitrate；
The fulvic acid, humic acid, maleic acid, N-serve phosphate, calcium ammonium nitrate according to
Lower weight ratio 1-2：3-6：3-5：0.03-0.06：10-12, the desulfurated plaster carry out supplement surplus.
Further, the soil conditioner includes 2 kilograms of fulvic acid, 6 kilograms of humic acid, 5 kilograms of maleic
Diacid, 0.05 kilogram of N-serve chlorate, 11 kilograms of calcium ammonium nitrate and clout degreasing gypsum, it is described
Clout degreasing gypsum additional mass to the soil conditioner is 50 kilograms.
Further, the soil conditioner includes 1.5 kilograms of fulvic acid, 4 kilograms of humic acid, 4 kilograms of suitable fourth
Enedioic acid, 0.03 kilogram of N-serve phosphate, 10 kilograms of ammonium nitrate change and expect degreasing gypsum, institute
It is 50 kilograms to state clout degreasing gypsum additional mass to the soil conditioner.
Further, the N-serve processes for producing phosphates includes the following steps：
A) hydrochloric acid reactant salt；
2- picolines with hydrogen chloride gas and chlorine are mixed, carry out hydrochloric acid reactant salt, generate 2- picoline salt
Hydrochlorate, hydrochloric acid salt temperature are 20-70 DEG C；
B) chlorination reaction；
The 2- methyl pyridinium chlorides that salt-forming reaction generates are continuously flowed into chlorination reactor, carry out chlorination reaction,
In chlorination reaction process, catalyst is done using ultraviolet light and phosphorus oxychloride, the product of chlorination reaction is flowed out by overflow manner, chlorination
Reaction temperature is controlled at 150-230 DEG C；
C) neutralization reaction；
During product after chlorination reaction carries out in being continuously passed through after chlorination reactor is flowed out in overflow and in kettle and；
D) product is completed；
Neutralize the product that flows continually out of kettle and enter salt-forming reactor, in salt-forming reactor, add in phosphoric acid, adjust pH value to
1-5, most preferably 1-2 add in solvent and carry out salt-forming reaction, and crystallisation by cooling filters, and filtrate recycling design, filter cake vacuum drying obtains
To N-serve phosphate.
Further, the reactor of the hydrochloric acid reactant salt is continuous current micro-reactor, the continuous current micro-reactor
Including but not limited to healthy and free from worry microreactor, Guizhou macro reactor or BASF microreactor；
The hydrochloric acid reactant salt temperature is 50 DEG C.
Further, in chlorination reaction process, chlorine, 2- picoline salt are passed through in the bottom of the chlorination reactor
Top of the hydrochlorate in chlorination reactor continuously flows into, and the chlorination reaction temperature is 195-210 DEG C；
The overflow manner uses from the chlorination reactor bottom and connects an overflow pipe, the peak of the overflow pipe
It is flushed with the height of chlorination reactor container 80%.
Further, the mass ratio of the chlorine and 2- picolines is 4-11:1, optimum quality ratio 5-8:1；
The ultraviolet light is provided by the ultraviolet lamp being built in the chlorination reactor, and the ultraviolet light wave provided is a length of
320；The amount of phosphorus oxychloride is controlled in W2- methyl pyridinium chlorides：W phosphorus oxychloride=500:1.
Further, the chlorination reactor uses blade diameter length ratio as 1：5 pipeline reactor structure.
Further, in neutralization reaction, neutralized using 5% sodium hydroxide solution or organic base；
At 50-80 DEG C, neutralization reaction 2.5-3.5h, neutralization finishes, and is layered while hot for temperature control in the neutralization reaction,
Lower floor is organic matter, organic matter is carried out rectifying separation, rectifying column uses 35 blocks of theoretical trays, under 8mmHg, overhead reflux ratio
For 8-10：1, the fraction before 130 DEG C of tower top temperature is collected back to continuing chlorination in chlorination reactor.
Further, in product completes step, the solvent is using methanol, ethyl alcohol, acetone, chloroform；Reaction temperature
It is 20-70 DEG C to spend temperature, reaction time 4.5-5.5h.
Further, the reaction temperature is 30-50 DEG C.
Beneficial effects of the present invention are：This conditioner can automatically adjust P in soil H, then calcium ion exclusion sodium ion is filled
It irrigates water leaching and enters underground water, N-serve phosphate quickly inhibits the oxidation of soil ammonium ion, makes soil longer
Realize ammonium, nitre mixing in time, and the mixing of ammonium, nitre can the saline and alkaline stress to plant of Rapid reversal, including improving due to saline and alkaline
Chlorophyll content, Net Photosynthetic Rate, the stomatal conductance coerced reduce problem；Also can quickly change due to caused by Saline Alkali Stress
Protective enzyme system in plant, antioxidant system, active oxygen, the influence of film peroxide and membrane permeability.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is N-serve method for production of phosphate salt provided by the invention.
Specific embodiment
In order to make the purpose , technical scheme and advantage of the present invention be clearer, with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments, it is right
The present invention is explained in further detail.It should be appreciated that specific embodiment described herein is used only for explaining the present invention, and
It is not used in the restriction present invention.
On the contrary, the present invention covers any replacement done in the spirit and scope of the present invention being defined by the claims, repaiies
Change, equivalent method and scheme.Further, in order to which the public is made to have a better understanding the present invention, below to the thin of the present invention
It is detailed to describe some specific detail sections in section description.Part without these details for a person skilled in the art
Description can also understand the present invention completely.
The present invention provides a kind of soil conditioner applied to salt-soda soil, and the conditioning agent includes fulvic acid, humic acid, suitable
Butene dioic acid, degreasing gypsum, N-serve phosphate, calcium ammonium nitrate；
The fulvic acid, humic acid, maleic acid, N-serve phosphate, calcium ammonium nitrate according to
Lower weight ratio 1-2：3-6：3-5：0.03-0.06：10-12 is matched, and the desulfurated plaster carries out surplus supplement, with 50 for one
A unit, the desulfurated plaster is by soil conditioner increment to 50；
Gently, moderate saline-alkali soil mu dosage is 50 kilograms；(half mu of dosage is 50 kilograms) mu dosage is 100,000 heavy salinizedly
Gram.
It is more than 9.0 salt-soda soil applied to pH value
Using 2 kilograms of the fulvic acid, 6 kilograms of humic acid, 5 kilograms of maleic acid, N-serve phosphorus
0.05 kilogram of hydrochlorate, 12 kilograms of calcium ammonium nitrate, the desulfurated plaster surplus addition so that the entire soil conditioner is 50,000
Gram.
As shown in Figure 1, prepared by a kind of N-serve phosphate provided by first embodiment of the invention
The flow chart of method, the preparation method include the following steps：
A) hydrochloric acid reactant salt；
2- picolines in microreactor with hydrogen chloride gas and chlorine are mixed, carry out hydrochloric acid reactant salt, generation
2- methyl pyridinium chlorides；
Hydrogen chloride gas therein and chlorine can be by step B) gas of outflow provides, hydrogen chloride can also be passed directly into
Gas carries out salt-forming reaction；
It is 20-70 DEG C into salt temperature, is preferably 50 DEG C；
By long-term experiment and verification：When being less than 20 DEG C into salt temperature, product mobility is deteriorated, and easily blocks micro- anti-
Answer device；When being higher than 70 DEG C into salt temperature, easily carbonization is tar, influences separation, quality and the yield of product；
Meanwhile 2- picolines and hcl reaction are into salt very exothermic, it is difficult to control, 2- picolines are very easy to quilt
Carbonization, due to the outstanding heat-transfer effect of microreactor, can unusual accurately controlling reaction temperature, can be to avoid in the prior art
The shortcomings that 2- picolines are easily carbonized, influences yield；Microreactor described herein include but not limited to healthy and free from worry microreactor,
Guizhou macro reactor or BASF microreactor.
Chemical equation is：
B) chlorination reaction；
Previous step is reacted generation 2- methyl pyridinium chlorides to continuously flow into chlorination reactor, carries out chlorination reaction；
The chlorination reactor uses blade diameter length ratio as 1：The pipeline reactor structure of 1-10 long length, optimal blade diameter length ratio are 1：5；
It is passed through in the bottom of the chlorination reactor in chlorine, top of the 2- methyl pyridinium chlorides in chlorination reactor
Continuously flow into, reaction product continuously from bottom flow out, and flow out pipeline using overflow by the way of, the peak of overflow pipe and
Chlorination reactor container 80% flushes, and ensure that the time of chlorination reactor contact reaction mass, improves the one way of chlorine
Utilization rate, and successive reaction can be implemented, improve reaction efficiency；
At 150-230 DEG C, optimum temperature is 195-210 DEG C for chlorination reaction temperature control, while by ultraviolet light and trichlorine oxygen
Phosphorus does catalyst；
The ultraviolet light is provided by the ultraviolet lamp being built in the chlorination reactor, is specially that the ultraviolet lamp ring is put
On the side wall of the chlorination reactor, the ultraviolet light wave provided is a length of for 100-400nm, optimal selection 320；Trichlorine oxygen
The amount of phosphorus is controlled in W2- methyl pyridinium chlorides：W phosphorus oxychloride=500:1, most preferably 350:1；
The mass ratio of chlorine and 2- methyl pyridinium chlorides is 4-11:1, optimum quality ratio 5-8:1.
Chemical equation is：
C) neutralization reaction；
During product after chlorination reaction carries out in being continuously passed through after chlorination reactor is flowed out in overflow and in kettle and, in and
In the process, it can be neutralized with 5% sodium hydroxide solution, also can be replaced organic base and neutralized；
The purpose that neutralizes is to neutralize to remain in hydrogen chloride in material and chlorine and partial oxidation picoline hydrochloric acid
The hydrogen chloride that salt is taken off, because follow-up hydrogen chloride and chlorine can corrode rectifying device below, and as hydrochloride high temperature
For a long time by heat cure, until carbonization becomes tar, yield and quality are influenced, neutral temperature control is at 50-80 DEG C, optimum temperature
For 70-75 DEG C, neutralization reaction 2.5-3.5h, neutralization finishes, and is layered while hot, and lower floor is organic matter, and organic matter is carried out rectifying
Separation, rectifying column uses 35 blocks of theoretical trays, and under 8mmHg, overhead reflux ratio is 8-10：1, before collecting tower top temperature 130
Fraction, which is returned in chlorination reactor, continues chlorination；
D) product is completed；
It neutralizes the product that kettle flows continually out and enters salt-forming reactor, product passes through GC detection levels 99%；In salt-forming reaction
In device, phosphoric acid is added in, pH value is adjusted to 1-5, most preferably 1-2, adds in solvent and carry out salt-forming reaction, solvent can be methanol, second
Alcohol, acetone, chloroform etc.；Reaction temperature temperature is 20-70 DEG C, and optimum temperature is 30-50 DEG C, reaction time 4.5-
5.5h, crystallisation by cooling, filtering, filtrate recycling design, filter cake vacuum drying obtain N-serve phosphate, instead
Answer yield 87%, product content 99% after testing.
Chemical equation is：
The specific example of the soil conditioner：
Test examples one：Under cotton field salt stress and non-salt stress, under the conditions of remaining seed, sowing time, rich water are the same,
It is as follows that cotton leaf after sowing 50 days is measured superoxide dismutase (SOD) result：
Test examples two：Under Soybean Field salt stress and non-salt stress, remaining seed, sowing time, the same condition of rich water
Under, it is as follows that the soybean leaves after sowing 50 days are measured superoxide dismutase (SOD) result：
Test examples three：Under rice terrace salt stress and non-salt stress, remaining seed, sowing time, the same condition of rich water
Under, it is as follows that the rice leaf after sowing 50 days is measured superoxide dismutase (SOD) result：
Test examples four：Under corn field salt stress and non-salt stress, remaining seed, sowing time, the same condition of rich water
Under, it is as follows that the maize leaf after sowing 50 days is measured superoxide dismutase (SOD) result：
Test examples five：Under Rapeseed Field salt stress and non-salt stress, remaining seed, sowing time, the same condition of rich water
Under, it is as follows that the rape leaf after sowing 50 days is measured superoxide dismutase (SOD) result：
Claims (11)
1. a kind of soil conditioner applied to salt-soda soil, which is characterized in that the soil conditioner includes：
Fulvic acid, humic acid, maleic acid, degreasing gypsum, N-serve phosphate, calcium ammonium nitrate；
The fulvic acid, humic acid, maleic acid, N-serve phosphate, calcium ammonium nitrate are according to following heavy
Amount compares 1-2：3-6：3-5：0.03-0.06：10-12, the desulfurated plaster carry out supplement surplus.
2. a kind of soil conditioner applied to salt-soda soil according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the soil is adjusted
Agent includes 2 kilograms of fulvic acid, 6 kilograms of humic acid, 5 kilograms of maleic acid, the chloro- 6- trichloromethyls of 0.05 kilogram of 2-
Pyridine chlorate, 11 kilograms of calcium ammonium nitrate and clout degreasing gypsum, the clout degreasing gypsum additional mass to the soil
Conditioning agent is 50 kilograms.
3. a kind of soil conditioner applied to salt-soda soil according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the soil is adjusted
Agent includes 1.5 kilograms of fulvic acid, 4 kilograms of humic acid, 4 kilograms of maleic acid, chloro- tri- chloromethanes of 6- of 0.03 kilogram of 2-
Yl pyridines phosphate, 10 kilograms of ammonium nitrate change and expect degreasing gypsum, the clout degreasing gypsum additional mass to the soil
Earth conditioning agent is 50 kilograms.
A kind of 4. soil conditioner applied to salt-soda soil according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the chloro- 6- of 2-
Trichloromethyl pyridine processes for producing phosphates includes the following steps：
A) hydrochloric acid reactant salt；
2- picolines with hydrogen chloride gas and chlorine are mixed, carry out hydrochloric acid reactant salt, generate 2- methyl pyridinium chlorides,
Hydrochloric acid salt temperature is 20-70 DEG C；
B) chlorination reaction；
The 2- methyl pyridinium chlorides that salt-forming reaction generates are continuously flowed into chlorination reactor, chlorination reaction are carried out, in chlorination
In reaction process, catalyst is done using ultraviolet light and phosphorus oxychloride, the product of chlorination reaction is flowed out by overflow manner, chlorination reaction
Temperature is controlled at 150-230 DEG C；
C) neutralization reaction；
During product after chlorination reaction carries out in being continuously passed through after chlorination reactor is flowed out in overflow and in kettle and；
D) product is completed；
It neutralizes the product that kettle flows continually out and enters salt-forming reactor, in salt-forming reactor, addition phosphoric acid, adjusting pH value to 1-5,
Most preferably 1-2 adds in solvent and carries out salt-forming reaction, and crystallisation by cooling filters, and filtrate recycling design, filter cake vacuum drying obtains 2-
Chloro- 6- trichloromethyl pyridines phosphate.
A kind of 5. soil conditioner applied to salt-soda soil according to claim 4, which is characterized in that the hydrochloric acid salt
The reactor of reaction is continuous current micro-reactor, and the continuous current micro-reactor includes but not limited to healthy and free from worry microreactor, Guizhou
Macro reactor or BASF microreactor；
The hydrochloric acid reactant salt temperature is 50 DEG C.
6. a kind of soil conditioner applied to salt-soda soil according to claim 4, which is characterized in that in chlorination reaction mistake
Cheng Zhong, chlorine is passed through in the bottom of the chlorination reactor, and top of the 2- methyl pyridinium chlorides in chlorination reactor is continuous
It flows into, the chlorination reaction temperature is 195-210 DEG C；
The overflow manner uses from the chlorination reactor bottom and connects an overflow pipe, the peak and chlorine of the overflow pipe
The height for changing reactor vessel 80% flushes.
7. a kind of soil conditioner applied to salt-soda soil according to claim 4, which is characterized in that the chlorine and 2-
The mass ratio of picoline is 4-11:1, optimum quality ratio 5-8:1；
The ultraviolet light is provided by the ultraviolet lamp being built in the chlorination reactor, the ultraviolet light wave a length of 320 provided；Three
The amount of chlorethoxyfos is controlled in W2- methyl pyridinium chlorides：W phosphorus oxychloride=500:1.
A kind of 8. soil conditioner applied to salt-soda soil according to claim 4, which is characterized in that the chlorination reaction
Device uses blade diameter length ratio as 1：5 pipeline reactor structure.
9. a kind of soil conditioner applied to salt-soda soil according to claim 4, which is characterized in that in neutralization reaction
In, it is neutralized using 5% sodium hydroxide solution or organic base；
Temperature control is at 50-80 DEG C in the neutralization reaction, and neutralization reaction 2.5-3.5h, neutralization finishes, and is layered while hot, lower floor
For organic matter, organic matter is subjected to rectifying separation, rectifying column uses 35 blocks of theoretical trays, and under 8mmHg, overhead reflux ratio is 8-
10：1, the fraction before 130 DEG C of tower top temperature is collected back to continuing chlorination in chlorination reactor.
10. a kind of soil conditioner applied to salt-soda soil according to claim 4, which is characterized in that completed in product
In step, the solvent is using methanol, ethyl alcohol, acetone, chloroform；Reaction temperature temperature is 20-70 DEG C, and the reaction time is
4.5-5.5h。
A kind of 11. soil conditioner applied to salt-soda soil according to claim 10, which is characterized in that the reaction temperature
It spends for 30-50 DEG C.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108370748A (en) * | 2018-05-28 | 2018-08-07 | 邵博伟 | A kind of Hydrogen-rich liquid salt-soda soil biological modification agent and the preparation method and application thereof |
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