CN108067579A - 混合工件连接 - Google Patents

混合工件连接 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN108067579A
CN108067579A CN201711058652.0A CN201711058652A CN108067579A CN 108067579 A CN108067579 A CN 108067579A CN 201711058652 A CN201711058652 A CN 201711058652A CN 108067579 A CN108067579 A CN 108067579A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
workpiece
nose
fastener
region
punch
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CN201711058652.0A
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English (en)
Inventor
P-C·王
B·J·布拉斯基
R·C·詹尼斯
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GM Global Technology Operations LLC
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GM Global Technology Operations LLC
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Publication of CN108067579A publication Critical patent/CN108067579A/zh
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
    • B21J15/00—Riveting
    • B21J15/10—Riveting machines
    • B21J15/36—Rivet sets, i.e. tools for forming heads; Mandrels for expanding parts of hollow rivets
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
    • B21J15/00—Riveting
    • B21J15/10—Riveting machines
    • B21J15/14—Riveting machines specially adapted for riveting specific articles, e.g. brake lining machines
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
    • B21J15/00—Riveting
    • B21J15/02—Riveting procedures
    • B21J15/025—Setting self-piercing rivets
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
    • B21J15/00—Riveting
    • B21J15/02—Riveting procedures
    • B21J15/08—Riveting by applying heat, e.g. to the end parts of the rivets to enable heads to be formed
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
    • B21J15/00—Riveting
    • B21J15/10—Riveting machines
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
    • B21J15/00—Riveting
    • B21J15/10—Riveting machines
    • B21J15/12—Riveting machines with tools or tool parts having a movement additional to the feed movement, e.g. spin
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
    • B21J15/00—Riveting
    • B21J15/10—Riveting machines
    • B21J15/14—Riveting machines specially adapted for riveting specific articles, e.g. brake lining machines
    • B21J15/147—Composite articles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
    • B21J15/00—Riveting
    • B21J15/10—Riveting machines
    • B21J15/16—Drives for riveting machines; Transmission means therefor
    • B21J15/26—Drives for riveting machines; Transmission means therefor operated by rotary drive, e.g. by electric motor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/002—Joining methods not otherwise provided for
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/08—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using ultrasonic vibrations
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/56—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using mechanical means or mechanical connections, e.g. form-fits
    • B29C65/562—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using mechanical means or mechanical connections, e.g. form-fits using extra joining elements, i.e. which are not integral with the parts to be joined
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/78—Means for handling the parts to be joined, e.g. for making containers or hollow articles, e.g. means for handling sheets, plates, web-like materials, tubular articles, hollow articles or elements to be joined therewith; Means for discharging the joined articles from the joining apparatus
    • B29C65/7841—Holding or clamping means for handling purposes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/11—Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
    • B29C66/112—Single lapped joints
    • B29C66/1122—Single lap to lap joints, i.e. overlap joints
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/20—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint lines, e.g. of the weld lines
    • B29C66/21—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint lines, e.g. of the weld lines said joint lines being formed by a single dot or dash or by several dots or dashes, i.e. spot joining or spot welding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/40—General aspects of joining substantially flat articles, e.g. plates, sheets or web-like materials; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles; Joining single elements to substantially flat surfaces
    • B29C66/41—Joining substantially flat articles ; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/739—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/7392—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic
    • B29C66/73921—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic characterised by the materials of both parts being thermoplastics
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/81—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/814—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/8141—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/81411—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined characterised by its cross-section, e.g. transversal or longitudinal, being non-flat
    • B29C66/81421—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined characterised by its cross-section, e.g. transversal or longitudinal, being non-flat being convex or concave
    • B29C66/81423—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined characterised by its cross-section, e.g. transversal or longitudinal, being non-flat being convex or concave being concave
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/81—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/814—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/8141—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/81431—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined comprising a single cavity, e.g. a groove
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/81—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/818—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the cooling constructional aspects, or by the thermal or electrical insulating or conducting constructional aspects of the welding jaws or of the clamps ; comprising means for compensating for the thermal expansion of the welding jaws or of the clamps
    • B29C66/8187—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the cooling constructional aspects, or by the thermal or electrical insulating or conducting constructional aspects of the welding jaws or of the clamps ; comprising means for compensating for the thermal expansion of the welding jaws or of the clamps characterised by the electrical insulating constructional aspects
    • B29C66/81871—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the cooling constructional aspects, or by the thermal or electrical insulating or conducting constructional aspects of the welding jaws or of the clamps ; comprising means for compensating for the thermal expansion of the welding jaws or of the clamps characterised by the electrical insulating constructional aspects of the welding jaws
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/83—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof characterised by the movement of the joining or pressing tools
    • B29C66/832—Reciprocating joining or pressing tools
    • B29C66/8322—Joining or pressing tools reciprocating along one axis
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/34—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement"
    • B29C65/3404—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" characterised by the type of heated elements which remain in the joint
    • B29C65/3408—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" characterised by the type of heated elements which remain in the joint comprising single particles, e.g. fillers or discontinuous fibre-reinforcements
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/02—Preparation of the material, in the area to be joined, prior to joining or welding
    • B29C66/024—Thermal pre-treatments
    • B29C66/0242—Heating, or preheating, e.g. drying

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Insertion Pins And Rivets (AREA)
  • Connection Of Plates (AREA)

Abstract

一种连接装置，包括鼻部、冲头和模具砧。冲头可在鼻部内同轴滑动。紧固件设置在鼻部内，可在鼻部内同轴滑动，并可以通过冲头移动。超声振动通过模具砧集中到设置在其上的材料组件上的区域，用于加热该区域。冲头被配置为从鼻部向外驱动紧固件并进入位于区域处的材料组件内。

Description

混合工件连接
技术领域
本发明涉及一种包括紧固件的工件组件及其连接方法。
背景技术
本章节的说明仅旨在提供与本发明相关的背景信息，但并不构成现有技术。
黑色金属材料与有色金属材料的连接可以通过各种方法来实现。在用于连接重叠构件的一个示例中，可以在压力下使自冲铆钉进入构件。模具或心轴可能破坏自冲铆钉的终端，从而在构件与铆钉之间产生机械干涉。在用于连接重叠构件的另一个示例中，超声焊接装置可以使用高频超声振动在工件的界面处产生热量。被加热的工件可以充分熔化，在界面处形成连接。
发明内容
一种连接装置，包括鼻部、冲头和模具砧。冲头可在鼻部内同轴滑动。紧固件设置在鼻部内，可在鼻部内同轴滑动，并可以通过冲头移动。超声振动通过模具砧集中到设置在其上的材料组件上的区域，用于加热该区域。冲头被配置为从鼻部向外驱动紧固件并进入位于区域处的材料组件内。
在一些实施例中，材料组件包括第一工件和第二工件，紧固件被配置为将第一工件连接到第二工件。紧固件还包括头部和从头部延伸的柄部，冲头可以在头部处接触紧固件并且使柄部穿过第一工件进入第二工件。此外，模具砧具有模具面，当紧固件的柄部位于区域中时，模具面容纳第二工件，紧固件的柄部变形以便与第一工件和第二工件机械连接。而且，在对区域进行冷却时，材料组件上的区域的至少一部分被熔合。
连接装置包括鼻角部，可在鼻角部内同轴滑动的冲头，以及其上设有材料组件的模具。紧固件设置在鼻角部内，可在鼻角部内同轴滑动，并可以通过冲头移动。鼻角部可轴向移动到与材料组件接触的位置。超声振动通过鼻角部集中到材料组件上的区域，用于加热该区域。冲头被配置为从鼻角部向外驱动紧固件并进入位于区域处的材料组件内。
在一些实施例中，材料组件包括第一工件和第二工件，紧固件被配置为将第一工件连接到第二工件。紧固件还包括头部和从头部延伸的柄部，冲头可以在头部处接触紧固件并且使柄部穿过第一工件进入第二工件。此外，模具具有模具面，当紧固件的柄部位于区域中时，模具面容纳第二工件，紧固件的柄部变形以便与第一工件和第二工件机械连接。而且，在对区域进行冷却时，材料组件上的区域的至少一部分被熔合。
一种连接装置，包括鼻部、冲头和电极模具。冲头可在鼻部内同轴滑动。紧固件设置在鼻部内，可在鼻部内同轴滑动，并可以通过冲头移动。电流通过电极模具集中到设置在其上的材料组件上的区域，用于加热该区域。冲头被配置为从鼻部向外驱动紧固件并进入位于区域处的材料组件内。
在一些实施例中，电极模具包括绝缘体(例如陶瓷或聚合物绝缘体)，设置在绝缘体周围的第一导体(例如，碳化钨导体)和设置在第一导体的端表面上的第二导体(例如，钢导体)，第二导体被配置为接触材料组件。材料组件可以包括第一工件和第二工件，紧固件被配置为将第一工件连接到第二工件。紧固件还包括头部和从头部延伸的柄部，冲头可以在头部处接触紧固件并且使柄部穿过第一工件进入第二工件。而且，在对区域进行冷却时，材料组件上的区域的至少一部分被熔合。此外，紧固件的柄部变形以便与第一工件和第二工件机械连接。另外，电源可以与电极模具互连，以便选择性地产生使电流通过第一导体和第二导体的电路，其中第二导体的电流对第二工件进行局部加热。
根据本文提供的说明，其他可施用领域将变得显而易见。应当理解的是，说明与具体实施例仅用于说明的目的，并不旨在限制本发明的保护范围。
附图说明
本文所描述的附图仅用于说明的目的，并不旨在以任何方式限制本发明的保护范围。
图1A-1E是根据本发明的一个示例性混合连接机的示意图；
图2是利用图1A-1E的混合连接机的一个示例性混合连接方法的流程图；
图3A-3E是根据本发明的另一个示例性混合连接机的示意图；
图4是利用图3A-3E的混合连接机的另一个示例性混合连接方法的流程图；
图5A-5E是根据本发明的又另一个示例性混合连接机的示意图；以及
图6是利用图5A-5E的混合连接机的又另一个示例性混合连接方法的流程图；
具体实施方式
以下说明本质上仅仅是示例性的，并不旨在限制本发明的公开内容、应用或用途。应该理解的是，在整个附图中，相应的附图标记表示相似或相应的部件和特征。此外，为了说明的目的使用诸如“顶部”、“侧部”、“后部”、“下部”和“上部”等方向，除非另有说明，否则不旨在要求特定的方向。这些方向仅作为所提供的实施例的参考框架，但可以在替代应用中进行改变。
本发明描述了一种通过整体紧固(例如自冲铆接)和局部材料熔合的组合对工件(例如聚合物复合材料)进行连接的混合方法。参照附图(其中相同的附图标记表示相同的部件)，每个示例性混合连接机包括鼻部12、冲头14和模具16。混合接合机可以用于将第一和第二工件18,20与紧固件22连接起来。在一个示例性实施例中，紧固件22可以是铆钉，其具有头部24和大体上圆柱形的中空柄部26，柄部终止于锥形末端28。铆钉22被配置为当受到驱动力时机械地紧固第一和第二工件18,20，例如可以通过作用在铆钉22上的冲头14来实现。铆钉22被称为“自冲”铆钉，因为锥形末端28足以在冲头14的作用力下穿透工件18,20。此外，柄部26被配置为变形以产生机械连接，而无需在工件18,20中形成用于铆钉22的引导孔。
现在参照图1A-1E，示例性混合连接机10采用混合连接技术，其涉及使用施加到第二工件20的超声能量进行铆接的机械紧固。在这方面，将线路功率(例如，约50-60Hz的低频电信号)转换为高频高压电信号(例如，15-70kHz，特别是20-40kHz的高频电信号)。然后，高频电信号在转换器(即换能器)中转换为超声频率的机械振动。系统中可以包括任选的增压器，用于放大机械振动，从而可以增加振动幅度。接着，超声振动通过模具砧16传播。然后，模具砧16的端面30可以对超声振动进行聚焦，并将振动能量送到材料上的特定区域(例如，位于第二工件20的待铆接部分的区域)。
参照图2，将参照图1A-1E的混合连接机10描述连接工件18,20的方法50。具体地，在步骤52，第一和第二工件18,20被设置在模具砧16上，第二下部工件20直接放在模具砧16上，而第一上部工件18放在下部工件20上，如图1A所示。在步骤54，液压致动鼻部12，以便作为用于机器10的可伸缩夹紧缸。向下朝上部工件18驱动鼻部12，以将工件18,20推压在模具砧座16上，如图1B所示。应当注意的是，可以使用其他驱动机构来驱动鼻部12，例如，电动螺钉组件、电动致动器或经由弹簧驱动。
在步骤56，通过超声振动激发模具砧16，以局部加热工件18,20。发射的波被模具砧16反弹回来。来自振动的机械波使工件18,20振动(即变形)。工件18,20的振动在模具砧16与工件20之间的界面处以及工件18,20之间的界面处均产生热量，从而形成局部加热材料区32。在步骤58，可在鼻部12内同轴滑动的冲头14被致动，以使铆钉22进入上部工件18(见图1C)。冲头14继续驱动铆钉22直到铆钉22穿透下部工件20。特别地，冲头14接触头部24并刺穿上部工件18，而柄部26仅部分穿透并进入但不完全通过下部工件20(即，不穿过下部工件20的底表面)。值得注意的是，局部加热材料区32实现增强铆接，因为该材料区中的应力和摩擦力减小。
在步骤60(见图1D)，然后柄部26和下部工件20的紧邻柄部26的材料通过与模具砧16相互作用而变形。如本文所述，下部工件20的底表面受到模具砧16的力的作用，使得下部工件20的表面的形状改变为顺应模具砧16的形状。下部工件20上的形状互补使工件18,20机械地互锁。
此外，当局部加热材料区32冷却时，在工件18,20之间的界面处产生熔合区域34。通过这种方式，由上部和下部工件18,20之间的熔合区域34实现机械连接。熔合区域34有助于机械界面的强度。如果工件18,20都是具有相似熔融温度的热塑性复合材料，则最方便实现熔合区域34。但是，工件18,20可以是替代材料，包括彼此不同的材料，只要它们是可焊接的相容材料。熔合区域34应被视为代表了大范围的可以通过这个过程产生的熔合区域。根据施加超声振动的持续时间和幅度，熔合区域34的程度可以变化。但是，为了加强铆钉22的界面并易于插入铆钉，至少应当围绕柄部26的周向形成最小的局部加热材料区32。
在步骤62，从铆接工件18,20中拔出冲头14和鼻部12，并且从模具砧16中取出铆接工件18,20(见图1E)。组装的工件18,20和铆钉22实现坚固的焊接，经得起脱层和微破裂。
现在参照图3A-3E，示例性混合连接机100采用混合连接技术，其涉及使用施加到工件的超声能量进行铆接的机械紧固。如前所述，将线路功率(例如，约50-60Hz的低频电信号)转换为高频高压电信号(例如，15-70kHz，特别是20-40kHz的高频电信号)。然后，高频电信号在转换器(即换能器)中转换为超声频率的机械振动。系统中可以包括任选的增压器，用于放大机械振动，从而可以增加振动幅度。然后，通过鼻尖部112传播超声振动。然后，鼻尖部112的端面136可以集中超声振动，并将振动能量传到材料上的特定区域(例如，位于第一工件118的待铆接部分的区域)。
参照图4，将参照图3A-3E的混合连接机100描述连接第一和第二工件118,120的方法150。具体地，在步骤152，第一和第二工件118,120被设置在模具砧116上，第二下部工件120直接放在模具砧116上，而第一上部工件118放在下部工件120上，如图3A所示。在步骤154，液压致动鼻尖部112，以便作为用于机器100的可伸缩夹紧缸。向下朝上部工件118驱动鼻尖部112，以将工件118,120推压到模具116上，如图3B所示。应当注意的是，可以使用其他驱动机构来驱动鼻尖部112，例如，电动螺钉组件、电动致动器或经由弹簧驱动。
在步骤156，通过超声振动激发鼻尖部112，以局部加热工件118,120。来自振动的机械波使工件118,120振动(即变形)。工件118,120的振动在鼻尖部112与工件118之间的界面处以及工件118,120之间的界面处均产生热量，从而形成局部加热材料区132。在步骤158，致动可在鼻尖部112内同轴滑动的冲头114，以使铆钉122进入上部工件118。冲头114继续驱动铆钉122直到铆钉122穿过下部工件120(见图3C)。特别地，冲头114接触铆钉122的头部124并刺穿上部工件118，而铆钉122的柄部126仅部分穿透并进入但不完全通过下部工件120(即，不穿过下部工件120的底表面)。值得注意的是，局部加热材料区132实现增强铆接，因为该材料区中的应力和摩擦力减小。
在步骤160，柄部126和下部工件120的紧邻柄部126的材料通过与模具116的相互作用而变形。如本文所述，下部工件120的底表面受到模具116的力的作用，使得下部工件20的表面的形状改变为顺应模具116的形状。下部工件120上的形状互补使工件118,120机械地互锁，如图3D所示。
此外，当局部加热材料区132冷却时，在工件118,120之间的界面处产生熔合区域134。通过这种方式，由上部和下部工件118,120之间的熔合区域134实现机械连接。熔合区域134有助于机械界面的强度。如果工件118,120都是具有相似熔融温度的热塑性复合材料，则最方便实现熔合区域134。但是，工件118,120可以是替代材料，包括彼此不同的材料，只要它们是可焊接的相容材料。熔合区域134应被视为代表了大范围的可以通过这个过程产生的熔合区域。根据施加超声振动的持续时间和幅度，熔合区域134的程度可以变化。但是，为了加强铆钉122的界面并易于插入铆钉，至少应当围绕柄部126的周向形成最小的局部加热材料区132。
在步骤162，从铆接工件118,120中拔出冲头114和鼻部112，并且从模具116中取出铆接工件118,120(见图3E)。组装的工件118,120和铆钉122实现坚固的焊接，经得起脱层和微破裂。
现在参照图5A-5E，示例性混合连接机200采用混合连接技术，其涉及使用施加到工件的超声能量(即焦耳热)进行铆接的机械紧固。在这个方面，可以将电源连接到模具以产生电路，该电路在材料上的特定区域(例如，待铆接的工件的一部分)处产生热量。
特别地，下部电极模具216可以分成第一部分238，也被称为绝缘体(例如聚合物、陶瓷)；第二部分240，也被称为第一导体(例如，碳化钨)；以及垫圈242，也被称为第二导体(例如钢)。绝缘体238可以形成有第一导体240，以形成模具216的内壁244。第二导体242可以设置在第一导体240的端面230上，以便接触下部工件220。电源246可以与第一导体240处的模具216互连，以便选择性地形成电路。电路通过组件的导电部件，即从第一导体240通到第二导体242，并再次通过第一导体240。通过第二导体242的电能局部加热下部工件220。
参照图6，将参照图5A-5E的混合连接机200描述连接工件218,220的方法250。具体地，在步骤252，第一和第二工件218,220被设置在模具砧216上，第二下部工件220直接放在模具砧216上，而第一上部工件218放在下部工件220上，如图5A所示。在步骤254，液压致动鼻部212，以便作为用于机器200的可伸缩夹紧缸。向下朝上部工件218驱动鼻部212，以将工件218,220推压在模具216上，如图5B所示。应当注意的是，可以使用其他驱动机构来驱动鼻部212，例如，电动螺钉组件、电动致动器或经由弹簧驱动。
在步骤256，启动电源246，电流流过第一导体24至第二导体242，绕过第二导体242，再返回通过第一导体240的相反侧，如箭头248所示。通过第二导体242的电流局部产生焦耳热，从而加热工件218,220。热量可以通过工件220传播，从而产生局部加热材料区232。
在步骤258，致动可在鼻部212内同轴滑动的冲头214，以使铆钉222进入上部工件218。冲头214继续驱动铆钉222直到铆钉222穿过下部工件220(见图5C)。特别地，冲头214接触铆钉222的头部224并刺穿上部工件218，而铆钉222的柄部226仅部分穿透并进入但不完全通过下部工件220(即，不穿过下部工件220的底表面)。值得注意的是，局部加热材料区232实现增强铆接，因为该材料区中的应力和摩擦力减小。
在步骤260，柄部226和下部工件220的紧邻柄部226的材料通过与模具216的相互作用而变形。如本文所述，下部工件220的底表面受到模具216的力的作用，使得下部工件220的表面的形状改变为顺应模具216的形状。下部工件220上的形状互补使工件218,220机械地互锁，如图5D所示。然后可以去除电源246的电流，以便使材料区232冷却。但是，为了易于插入铆钉222，至少应当围绕柄部226的周向形成最小的局部加热材料区232。
在步骤262，从铆接工件218,220中拔出冲头214和鼻部212，并且从模具216中取出铆接工件218,220(见图5E)。组装的工件218,220和铆钉222实现坚固的焊接，经得起脱层和微破裂。
在此对本发明的实施例进行描述。该描述本质上仅是示例性的，因此，不脱离本发明主旨的变化均被认为属于本发明保护范围内。附图并不一定是成比例的，某些特征可能被夸大或最小化，以显示特定部件的细节。因此，本文所公开的特定结构和功能细节不应被解释为限制性的，而仅仅是用于教导本领域技术人员以各种方法实施本发明的代表性基础。如本领域普通技术人员将理解的，参照附图中任一附图所示和所述的各种特征可以与一个或多个其他图中所示的特征组合以产生未明确示出或描述的实施例。所示特征的组合提供了各种应用的代表性实施例。然而，对于特定应用或实施方式，可能想到与本发明教义一致的特征的各种组合和修改。

Claims (10)

1.一种连接装置，包括：
鼻部；
冲头，其可在所述鼻部内同轴滑动；
紧固件，其设置在所述鼻部内，所述紧固件可在所述鼻部内同轴滑动，并可以通过所述冲头移动；以及
模具砧，其中超声振动通过所述模具砧集中到设置在其上的材料组件上的区域，用于加热所述区域，并且其中所述冲头被配置为从所述鼻部向外驱动所述紧固件并进入位于所述区域的材料组件内。
2.如权利要求1所述的连接装置，其中所述材料组件包括第一工件和第二工件，并且其中所述紧固件被配置为将所述第一工件连接到所述第二工件。
3.如权利要求2所述的连接装置，其中所述紧固件还包括头部和从所述头部延伸的柄部，并且其中所述冲头可以在所述头部处接触所述紧固件并且使所述柄部穿过所述第一工件进入所述第二工件。
4.如权利要求3所述的连接装置，其中所述模具砧具有模具面，当所述紧固件的柄部位于所述区域中时，所述模具面容纳所述第二工件，并且其中所述紧固件的柄部变形以便与所述第一和第二工件机械连接。
5.如权利要求1所述的连接装置，其中在对所述区域进行冷却时，所述材料组件上的区域的至少一部分被熔合。
6.一种连接装置，包括：
鼻尖部；
冲头，其可在所述鼻尖部内同轴滑动；
紧固件，其设置在所述鼻尖部内，所述紧固件可在所述鼻尖部内同轴滑动，并可以通过所述冲头移动；以及
其上设有材料组件的模具，其中所述鼻尖部可轴向移动到与所述材料组件接触的位置，其中超声振动通过所述鼻尖部集中到所述材料组件上的区域，用于加热所述区域，并且其中所述冲头被配置为从所述鼻尖部向外驱动所述紧固件并进入位于所述区域的材料组件内。
7.一种连接装置，包括：
鼻部；
冲头，其可在所述鼻部内同轴滑动；
紧固件，其设置在所述鼻部内，所述紧固件可在所述鼻部内同轴滑动，并可以通过所述冲头移动；以及
电极模具，其中电流通过所述电极模具集中到设置其上的材料组件上的区域，用于加热所述区域，并且其中冲头被配置为从所述鼻部向外驱动所述紧固件并进入位于所述区域的材料组件内。
8.如权利要求7所述的连接装置，其中所述电极模具还包括：
绝缘体；
第一导体，其设置在所述绝缘体周围；以及
第二导体，其设置在所述第一导体的端表面上，所述第二导体被配置为接触所述材料组件。
9.如权利要求7所述的连接装置，其中所述绝缘体是陶瓷绝缘体和聚合物绝缘体中的其中之一。
10.如权利要求7所述的连接装置，其中所述第一导体是碳化钨。
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