CN108060961A - 还原剂喷雾和废气流引导及导流器 - Google Patents

还原剂喷雾和废气流引导及导流器 Download PDF

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CN108060961A
CN108060961A CN201711068243.9A CN201711068243A CN108060961A CN 108060961 A CN108060961 A CN 108060961A CN 201711068243 A CN201711068243 A CN 201711068243A CN 108060961 A CN108060961 A CN 108060961A
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sensor
devices
gas stream
waste gas
air deflector
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CN108060961B (zh
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C·席亚拉维诺
J·C·贝德福德
A·阿诺恩
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GM Global Technology Operations LLC
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
    • F01N13/009—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
    • F01N3/2066—Selective catalytic reduction [SCR]
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N11/00—Monitoring or diagnostic devices for exhaust-gas treatment apparatus, e.g. for catalytic activity
    • F01N11/007—Monitoring or diagnostic devices for exhaust-gas treatment apparatus, e.g. for catalytic activity the diagnostic devices measuring oxygen or air concentration downstream of the exhaust apparatus
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
    • F01N13/008—Mounting or arrangement of exhaust sensors in or on exhaust apparatus
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
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    • F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
    • F01N13/009—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series
    • F01N13/0093—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series the purifying devices are of the same type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
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    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
    • F01N3/033—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters in combination with other devices
    • F01N3/035—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters in combination with other devices with catalytic reactors, e.g. catalysed diesel particulate filters
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/0807—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents
    • F01N3/0828—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents characterised by the absorbed or adsorbed substances
    • F01N3/0842—Nitrogen oxides
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/103—Oxidation catalysts for HC and CO only
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
    • F01N3/28—Construction of catalytic reactors
    • F01N3/2892—Exhaust flow directors or the like, e.g. upstream of catalytic device
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
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    • F01N2240/00—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being
    • F01N2240/20—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being a flow director or deflector
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
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    • F01N2560/00—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics
    • F01N2560/02—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics the means being an exhaust gas sensor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2570/00—Exhaust treating apparatus eliminating, absorbing or adsorbing specific elements or compounds
    • F01N2570/10—Carbon or carbon oxides
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2570/00—Exhaust treating apparatus eliminating, absorbing or adsorbing specific elements or compounds
    • F01N2570/12—Hydrocarbons
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
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    • F01N2570/00—Exhaust treating apparatus eliminating, absorbing or adsorbing specific elements or compounds
    • F01N2570/14—Nitrogen oxides
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    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
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    • F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
    • F01N2610/02—Adding substances to exhaust gases the substance being ammonia or urea
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
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    • F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
    • F01N2610/14—Arrangements for the supply of substances, e.g. conduits
    • F01N2610/1453—Sprayers or atomisers; Arrangement thereof in the exhaust apparatus
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
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Abstract

一种用于来自内燃机的废气流的后处理(AT)系统包括位于该废气流中的第一AT装置和第二AT装置。AT系统还包括用于将废气流从第一AT装置运送到第二AT装置的排气通道。AT系统另外包括配置为产生喷到排气通道中的还原剂喷雾的喷射器，以及靠近喷射器定位以用于检测第一AT装置下游的废气流中的污染物的浓度的传感器。AT系统还包括导流器，该导流器布置在喷射器与传感器之间，并且配置为将废气流引向传感器以将废气流集中在传感器处并引导还原剂喷雾远离传感器以最大程度地减少传感器对还原剂的检测。

Description

还原剂喷雾和废气流引导及导流器
背景介绍
本公开涉及一种用于内燃机所采用的废气后处理(AT)系统中的还原剂喷雾和废气流的引导及导流器。
为了有效地限制内燃机的废气排放，已经开发了出各种废气后处理(AT)装置(例如，微粒过滤器)和其他装置。其中一种常用于现代贫燃内燃机(例如，压燃式或柴油式)中的废气后处理装置是选择性催化还原(SCR)催化器。
SCR配置为借助于由另一废气后处理装置(通常为柴油机氧化催化器(DOC))产生的NO2来将氮氧化物(NOx)转化成双原子氮(N2)和水(H2O)。为了有效地去除NOX，SCR转化过程另外需要在废气流中存在有预定量的氨(NH3)。
当还原剂用于柴油发动机中时，SCR转化过程可能另外需要通用名称为“柴油机排气处理液”(DEF)的控制量或计量的还原剂进入到废气流中。这种还原剂可以是包含水和氨的尿素水溶液。
发明内容
一种用于内燃机的废气流的后处理(AT)系统包括第一AT装置和第二AT装置，该第二AT装置与第一AT装置流体连通并且位于第一AT装置下游的废气流中。AT系统还包括配置为将废气流从第一AT装置运送到第二AT装置的排气通道。AT系统另外包括配置为产生喷到排气通道中的还原剂喷雾的喷射器，以及靠近喷射器定位的并且配置为检测第一AT装置下游的废气流中的污染物的浓度的传感器。AT系统还包括导流器，该导流器布置在喷射器与传感器之间，并且配置为将废气流引向传感器以将废气流集中在传感器处并引导还原剂喷雾远离传感器以最大程度地减少传感器对还原剂的检测。
第一AT装置可以封装在第一壳体内，第二AT装置可以封装在第二壳体内，并且排气通道可以配置为在第一壳体与第二壳体之间的传送管。此外，第一壳体、第二壳体和传送管可以全部结合在单一组件中。
导流器、喷射器和传感器中的每一个可以布置在传送管中。
导流器可以定位在传送管中，从而允许喷射器产生具有至少24度角度的不受限还原剂喷雾锥体。
导流器可以固定到传送管的结构。
传送管可以是铸造部件，并且导流器可以铸入传送管中。
导流器的特征可以在于具有面向喷射器的凹形表面和面向传感器的凸形表面的弯曲形状。
导流器的弯曲形状的特征可以在于等于或大于传感器伸入到传送管内的废气流中的距离(即，至少与该距离共同延伸)的长度。
如所公开的，内燃机可以是压燃式发动机，还原剂可以是具有尿素水溶液的柴油机排气处理液(DEF)，而污染物可以是氮氧化物(NOX)。
第一AT装置可以是柴油机氧化催化器(DOC)或贫NOX捕集器(LNT)。第二AT装置可以是包括选择性催化还原(SCR)催化器和柴油机微粒过滤器(DPF)的双功能基板。
还公开了采用上述AT系统的车辆。
结合附图和所附权利要求，通过以下对用于实现所描述的公开内容的实施例和最佳方式的详细描述，本公开的上述特征和优点以及其他特征和优点将容易变得显而易见。
附图说明
图1是具有内燃机的车辆的示意性平面图，该内燃机连接到具有后处理(AT)系统的排气系统，该后处理系统具有用于减少废气排放的多个AT装置。
图2是内燃机的示意图，该内燃机连接到具有图1所示的后处理(AT)系统的排气系统。
图3是图1所示的AT系统的示意性透视局部剖视图，示出了还原剂喷射器、污染物浓度传感器、以及用于将废气流引到传感器并引导还原剂喷雾远离传感器的导流器的实施例。
图4是图1所示的AT系统的示意性透视局部剖视图，出了导流器的另一个实施例。
具体实施方式
参考附图，其中在整个几个视图中相同的附图标记表示相同的部件，图1示意性地描绘了机动车辆10。车辆10包括配置为经由从动车轮14推进车辆的内燃机12。虽然内燃机12可以是火花点火式内燃机，但是在随后的公开内容中将对压燃式或柴油式发动机进行具体参考。如本领域技术人员所理解的，当将特定量的环境空气流16与从燃料箱20供应的计量燃料18相混合并且所得到的空气-燃料混合物在发动机的气缸(未示出)内被压缩时，柴油发动机12中发生内燃。
如图所示，发动机12包括排气歧管22和涡轮增压器24。涡轮增压器24由废气流供能，具体是由发动机12的各个气缸在每次燃烧事件之后通过排气歧管22释放的废气流26供能。涡轮增压器24连接到排气系统28，该排气系统接收废气流26，并最终将废气流释放到环境中，通常是释放到车辆10的侧方或后方的环境中。虽然发动机12是描绘为具有附接到发动机结构的排气歧管22，但是，发动机可以包括例如大体上形成在排气歧管中的排气通道(未示出)。在这种情况下，上述通道可以结合到发动机结构中，例如结合到发动机的气缸盖中。此外，尽管示出了涡轮增压器24，但是并没有妨碍发动机12在没有这样的动力增加装置的情况下进行配置和操作。
车辆10还包括发动机废气后处理(AT)系统30。AT系统30包括多个废气后处理装置，这些装置配置为有序地将发动机燃烧的主要为碳质的微粒副产物和排放成分从废气流26中去除。如图1和图2所示，AT系统30用作排气系统28的一部分。AT系统30包括紧密联接到涡轮增压器24的第一AT装置32以及位于下游废气流26中的并且紧密联接到第一AT装置的第二AT装置34。如本文所用，关于第一AT装置32和第二AT装置34的布置的术语“紧密联接”表示每一个装置彼此紧邻，并且布置在车辆10的发动机室11内，以便紧邻发动机12。
第一AT装置32和第二AT装置34的紧密联接布置缩短了用于将废气流26从第一AT装置32运送到第二AT装置的排气通道(将在下面详细描述)的长度34。因此，第一AT装置32和第二AT装置34与发动机12的这种紧密联接提供了紧凑的包装布置，而这种包装布置将发动机12冷启动之后AT系统30对废气流26进行后处理的启动(即，点火)时间缩至最短。如图所示，第一AT装置32可以是柴油机氧化催化器(DOC)或贫氮氧化物(NOX)捕集器(LNT)，而第二AT装置34可以是双功能基板，该基板包括选择性催化还原(SCR)催化器或选择性催化还原过滤器(SCRF)和柴油机微粒过滤器(DPF)。
DOC的主要功能是减少一氧化碳(CO)和非甲烷烃(NMHC)。当存在时，DOC另外配置为产生二氧化氮(NO2)，而二氧化氮可以由布置在DOC远处下游的SCR使用并且在下面更详细地进行描述。DOC通常含有由贵金属(例如铂和/或钯)组成的催化剂物质，该催化剂物质在其中用于实现上述目的。通常情况下，相对于NO2的产生，DOC被激活并实现升高温度下的操作效率。因此，如图1和图2所示，DOC可以紧密联接到涡轮增压器24，以便在气体到达DOC之前降低来自废气流26的热能损失。
LNT的主要功能是还原氮的氧化物或NOX，而它们是由废气流26中的发动机12排放出，作为燃烧事件之后氮气和氧气在空气中的反应副产物。LNT通过吸附从废气流26中去除NOX分子，即在发动机12操作期间将其捕获并存储在内部，从而起到像分子海绵那样的作用。通常，LNT包括具有催化涂覆层(即，与活性贵金属相混合)的施加到基板通道的陶瓷基板结构。
SCR的主要功能是借助于由配置为DOC的第一AT装置32所产生的NO2，将氮氧化物(NOX)转化为双原子氮(N2)和水(H2O)。SCR可以配置为对微粒物质或烟尘进行过滤的单向过滤器，或者配置为包括催化涂覆层并且具备两个功能(过滤微粒物质并还原NOX)的双向过滤器。为了有效地去除NOX，SCR转化过程另外需要在富燃料废气流26中存在有预定量的氨(NH3)。
DPF的主要功能是收集和处理由发动机12排放的微粒物质。DPF用作从废气流26中去除微粒物质(特别是烟尘)的捕集器。与上述DOC类似，DPF也可以包含将用作催化剂以实现所述目的的贵金属，例如铂和/或钯。然而，当与SCRF一起使用时，可去除DPF中的这种贵金属。
如图所示，DOC或LNT的第一AT装置32位于包括SCR和DPF的第二AT装置34的上游。AT系统30还包括配置为将废气流26从第一AT装置32运送到第二AT装置34的排气通道36。排气通道36可以是流体地连接第一AT装置32和第二AT装置34的传送管38的一部分。作为AT系统30的一部分，喷射器40布置在第一AT装置32的上游。喷射器40配置为产生含有氨(NH3)的喷到排气通道36中的还原剂42的喷雾，所述还原剂诸如为尿素水溶液，也被称为柴油机排气处理液(DEF)。如图1所示，喷射器40可以从可再填装的储存器44接收还原剂42。传感器46也作为AT系统30的一部分上，并且是定位在喷射器40附近。传感器46配置为检测第一AT装置32下游的废气流26中的污染物(例如，NOx)的浓度以及氧(O2)的浓度。
AT系统30还包括控制器48。控制器48可以是独立单元，或者是调节发动机12的操作的电子控制单元(ECU)的一部分。控制器48布置在车辆10上，并且包括处理器和易于访问的非暂时性存储器。用于控制AT系统30的操作的指令被编程或记录在控制器48的存储器中，并且处理器配置为在车辆10的操作期间执行来自存储器的指令。控制器48通常被编程为调节喷射器40，以便在发动机12的操作期间将还原剂42引入到排气通道36中。控制器48还与传感器46连通，以便响应于所检测到的特定污染物的浓度来调节喷射器40，以及对其他发动机系统进行调节。
如图3所示，导流器50布置在喷射器40与传感器46之间的排气通道36中。导流器50配置为将废气流26引到传感器46，从而将废气流集中在传感器处。因此，废气流的分层流26可能导致传感器46出现误读的情况。因此，废气流26在传感器46处的这种集中旨在提高流经排气通道36的废气的采样质量，即确保废气流26中的NOx的高质量传感器读数。导流器50还配置为将还原剂42的喷雾引导或转向来远离传感器46，从而最大程度地减少传感器对还原剂的检测。
配置为检测NOX的传感器46可以对氨是交叉敏感的，因此，氨在传感器处或周围的存在可能被误读为较高浓度的NOX。因此，含有氨的废气流26的旋涡流可能导致传感器46出现误读的情况。这种NOX误读可能导致控制器48使用所检测到的NOX浓度数据对发动机10进行不正确的闭环控制。此外，这种NOX浓度的误读可能导致控制器48错误地报告AT系统30不足以有效地将NOX从废气流26中除去。
继续参考图2，第一AT装置32可以封装在第一壳体52内，而第二AT装置34可以封装在第二壳体54内。传送管38布置在第一壳体52与第二壳体54之间并且连接这两者。如图所示，第一壳体52、第二壳体54和传送管38可以结合在单一组件56中。在AT系统30的这种配置中，喷射器40、传感器46和导流器50中的每一个可以布置在传送管38中。导流器50可以具体定位在传送管38中，从而允许喷射器40产生具有至少24度角度的不受限还原剂喷雾锥体42A。
如图3所示，导流器50可以固定到传送管38的结构。具体地，传送管38可以是铸造部件(例如由铁或钢铸造而成)，并且可以焊接到第一壳体52和第二壳体54。在这样的实施例中，导流器50还可以是结合在传送管38中(即与其一起形成)的铸造特征。还可以采用例如经由机加工来形成传送管38以及导流器50的期望形状的其他制造方法。如图4所示，导流器50的特征可以在于具有面向喷射器40的凹形表面48A和面向传感器46的凸形表面50B的弯曲形状。导流器50的弯曲形状的特征还可以在于等于或大于传感器46伸入到传送管38内的废气流26中的距离D(即，至少与该距离共同延伸)的长度L。
总之，导流器50实现了第一AT装置32和第二AT装置34到发动机12的紧凑式紧密联接封装，而不会对废气流26中特定污染物的浓度在传感器46处的质量读数造成损失。因此，第一AT装置32和第二AT装置34与发动机12的这种有效紧密联接封装有助于AT系统30的高效冷启动操作，即更快地使相应的AT装置点火。
详细描述和附图或图示是用于支持和描述本公开，但是本公开的范围仅由权利要求来限定。虽然已经详细描述了用于实施所要求保护的公开内容的一些最佳方式和其他实施例，但是仍存在有用于实践所附权利要求中限定的公开内容的各种替代设计和实施例。此外，附图中所示的实施例或本说明书中提到的各种实施例的特征不一定被理解为彼此独立的实施例。相反，可以将实施例的一个示例中描述的每个特征与来自其他实施例的一个或多个其他期望特征相组合，从而产生未以文字描述或未参考附图描述的其他实施例。因此，这样的其他实施例落在所附权利要求的范围框架内。

Claims (10)

1.一种用于来自内燃机的废气流的后处理(AT)系统，所述AT系统包括：
第一AT装置；
第二AT装置，所述第二AT装置位于所述第一AT装置下游的所述废气流中；
排气通道，所述排气通道配置为将所述废气流从所述第一AT装置运送到所述第二AT装置；
喷射器，所述喷射器配置为产生喷到所述排气通道中的还原剂喷雾；
传感器，所述传感器靠近所述喷射器定位并且配置为检测所述第一AT装置下游的所述废气流中的污染物的浓度；以及
导流器，所述导流器布置在所述喷射器与所述传感器之间，并且配置为将所述废气流引向所述传感器以将所述废气流集中在所述传感器处并引导所述还原剂喷雾远离所述传感器以最大程度地减少所述传感器对所述还原剂的检测。
2.根据权利要求1所述的AT系统，其中所述第一AT装置封装在第一壳体内，所述第二AT装置封装在第二壳体内，所述排气通道配置为在所述第一壳体与所述第二壳体之间的传送管，并且其中所述第一壳体、所述第二壳体和所述传送管结合在单一组件中。
3.根据权利要求2所述的AT系统，其中所述导流器、所述喷射器和所述传感器中的每一个布置在所述传送管中。
4.根据权利要求3所述的AT系统，其中所述导流器定位在所述传送管中，从而允许所述喷射器产生具有至少24度角度的不受限还原剂喷雾锥体。
5.根据权利要求3所述的AT系统，其中所述导流器固定到所述传送管的结构。
6.根据权利要求5所述的AT系统，其中所述传送管是铸造部件，并且所述导流器铸入所述传送管中。
7.根据权利要求1所述的AT系统，其中所述导流器的特征在于具有面向所述喷射器的凹形表面和面向所述传感器的凸形表面的弯曲形状。
8.根据权利要求7所述的AT系统，其中所述导流器的所述弯曲形状的特征在于等于或大于所述传感器伸入到所述传送管内的所述废气流中的距离的长度。
9.根据权利要求1所述的AT系统，其中
所述内燃机是压燃式发动机；
所述还原剂是具有尿素水溶液的柴油机排气处理液(DEF)；并且
所述污染物是氮氧化物(NOX)。
10.根据权利要求9所述的AT系统，其中
所述第一AT装置是柴油机氧化催化器(DOC)和贫NOX捕集器(LNT)中的一种；并且
所述第二AT装置是包括选择性催化还原(SCR)催化器和柴油机微粒过滤器(DPF)的双功能基板。
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