CN108058358B - 挤出设备 - Google Patents

挤出设备 Download PDF

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CN108058358B
CN108058358B CN201711085429.5A CN201711085429A CN108058358B CN 108058358 B CN108058358 B CN 108058358B CN 201711085429 A CN201711085429 A CN 201711085429A CN 108058358 B CN108058358 B CN 108058358B
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K.赫宾
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Troester GmbH and Co KG
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B29C48/00Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
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    • B29BPREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
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    • B29C48/25Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/30Extrusion nozzles or dies
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
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    • B29C48/30Extrusion nozzles or dies
    • B29C48/3001Extrusion nozzles or dies characterised by the material or their manufacturing process
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/30Extrusion nozzles or dies
    • B29C48/35Extrusion nozzles or dies with rollers
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B29C48/00Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于由可塑化材料制造型材的挤出设备。借助固定元件(11)将限定辊子间隙的边界的板条(3)在预定的位置中以力Ft预紧在支承面(10)上。为此,固定元件(11)具有面状的压力传递元件(12),所述压力传递元件贴靠在板条(3)的压力面(13)上。为了自动调整压力传递元件(12)相对于压力面(13)的期望的平行定向,压力传递元件(12)被构造为双臂式杠杆。此外,挤出设备还配备有绕夹紧轴线(19)可摆动运动的预紧元件(20),通过所述预紧元件额外地将板条(3)相对于辊子(2)沿径向以力(Fr)预紧。通过预紧元件(20)的摆动运动实现从板条(3)卸载两个夹紧力。

Description

挤出设备
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于由可塑化材料制造型材的挤出设备,所述挤出设备具有至少一个喷头,可塑化材料在所述喷头中能够被供应至间隙,所述间隙通过至少一个辊子和至少一个在挤出设备的运行位置中借助固定元件在预定的位置中贴靠在支承面上的板条限定边界,该板条也被称为喷射板、造型板或成型板,所述板条例如由塑料或金属制成。
背景技术
文献DE 34 48 026 C1和DE 34 24 257 A1已经描述了一种用来在制造用于车轮的轮胎面或由橡胶、弹性体或热塑性塑料制成的其他型材或条轨时控制挤出宽度的装置,所述装置由布设在配备有驱动器的螺杆挤出器的材料出口上的、用于材料异型化的喷嘴构成。喷嘴出口通过由可替换的造型板构成的壳体件和配备有驱动器的、横向于喷嘴出口布置的旋转辊子构成。借助液压缸和与液压缸相连的固持件将可替换的造型板可靠地固持在其位置上。
在实践中,这种也被称为单辊头的喷头例如已经在车胎制造中多样地应用。在此,可塑化的橡胶混合物被供入喷头中,并且在整个产品宽度上预成型。可替换的板条位于喷头中,所述板条在通向辊子间隙的出口处负责根据预设的条轨厚度准确地调整喷头开口。
这种设备的使用在此首先适合于具有矩形横截面的型材、例如平滑板和条轨,以及适合于无需底切(Hinterschneidungen)的型材、例如异形化的产品。在此,一方面实现材料厚度在整个条轨宽度上的均匀性,并且另一方面实现轧制成的型材的良好的均一性。
文献DE 691 10 246 T2既配置了辊子对又配置了喷射板。从喷嘴开口排出的橡胶在上部和下部辊子之间轧制和成型。
这种单辊头设备的实质性优点主要在于,较低的用于喷射板的工具成本,由于简单的工具替换而较短的改装时间和针对复杂型材形状、尤其开槽型材(Kehlprofile)的适用性,以及对于这种设备总体上更低的投资费用。
在实践中,通过夹紧实现对板条的常规固定被证明是不利的,其中,固定力的作用方向倾斜地压向板条。由此在固定时会导致板条相对于支承面的意外移位,并且因此与其额定位置发生偏离的间隙具有不按规定的尺寸或者说通过不按规定的方式相对于辊子预紧。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题在于,实现在板条的运行位置中的可靠的调整可能性和定位。
所述技术问题根据本发明通过如下技术方案解决。
本发明提供了一种挤出设备,在所述挤出设备中,固定元件具有例如面状或点状作用的压力传递元件,所述压力传递元件在运行位置中能够贴靠在板条的与作为支座的支承面相对置的压力面上,其中,所述压力传递元件被构造为绕至少一个轴线可摆动(或称为可旋转)的双臂式杠杆或被构造为等臂杠杆(Wippe),以补偿压力传递元件的预期的或者说预定的平行定向相对于板条的压力面的偏差。由此才能实现固定力以平行于压力面的面法线的作用方向被传递。这能够如下实现,即,压力传递元件不像现有技术通常那样具有结构上预定的且在运行中不改变的定向,而是根据本发明按照双臂式杠杆的原理是可绕轴线摆动运动的。由此始终实现压力传递元件相对于板条的压力面的自动对准的平行定向。显然,压力传递元件的摆动活动性可以尤其通过止挡被限制,其中,轴线优选相对于压力传递元件与板条的压力面之间的接触平面仅具有例如0.5cm至5cm之间的较小的距离。由此确保的是,只有当实际上出现压力传递元件的平行的自动对准时才实现向板条的力传递。显然,摆动运动并不局限于唯一一个自由度。事实上,压力传递元件还可以万向节式地悬挂。为此例如球形元件、尤其球体也适合作为支承元件。
压力传递元件能够布置在可平移行进的固持件上,以便这样相应地调整间隙。相反被证明是特别符合实际的是,压力传递元件在可摆动运动的支承件上布置在与支承件的摆动轴线相背离的端部区段上,以便实现顺利地打开喷头。由此可以将支承件连同压力传递元件一起几乎完整地从开口区域中摆出并且此外顺利地更换板条。
本发明的一种特别优选的设计方式由此实现,即,等臂杠杆的轴线具有平行于辊子的滚动轴线和/或支承件的摆动轴线的定向,以便通过对压力传递元件的倾斜度的持续调整来跟踪与喷头关闭一起出现的支承件的摆动运动。由此,即使在关闭运动过程中也可以使得压力传递元件相对于板条的始终平行的定向保持不变。
支承件的进给可以借助驱动器实现。相反,本发明的一种设计方式是特别符合实际的,其中,支承件被构造为借助尤其可手动操作的、尤其构造成肘杆连接件的操作杆从静止位置摆动运动到运行位置。由此可以确保板条的可顺利操作的且在运行位置中自动夹紧式的制动,其中,至少在运行位置中可以同样设置用于固定的额外的锁定功能,例如借助控制单元实现的传感器式监控。
固定元件的固定力的作用方向可以与间隙平面垂直地延伸。特别优选地,相反,借助处于运行位置中的压力体可传递的力的作用方向则顶着板条的压力面与辊子相切地延伸,从而使固定力的力矢量不具有在朝向辊子的进给方向上的方向分量。
此外,根据本发明,所述技术问题还通过一种根据权利要求1的特征的挤出设备如下解决,即,板条通过例如绕夹紧轴线(Spannachse)可摆动运动或平移运动的预紧元件沿辊子径向地相对于辊子预紧在运行位置中。在此,预紧元件作用在板条的与辊子相背离的窄侧或者说端面上,从而基于预紧元件的角位置的改变实现板条相对于辊子的进给。优选地,由于预紧元件的摆动运动而导致的进给与喷头的关闭同时进行,相较而言,喷头和预紧元件的打开运动则克服作用在预紧元件上的预紧力进行。通过自动作用的机械机构,实现了板条在辊子上恒定、然而可调节的按压力。
特别优选地,夹紧轴线具有与辊子轴线平行的定向,从而能够几乎排除板条在朝辊子方向的进给运动过程中被卡住的风险。
此外还被认为特别有利的是,预紧元件在运行位置中克服可调节的预紧力、尤其克服弹簧元件的预紧力,沿背离于辊子的方向逆着进给方向活动,以便为板条与辊子之间的间隙调整更大的间隙尺寸。由此能够通过预紧元件自动地、取决于力地调整间隙,所述预紧元件基于弹簧预紧而始终以预定的力贴靠在辊子上或者说限定间隙的边界,其中,可以顶着预紧力基于改变的压力特性自动地实现偏离运动。
此外还优选地,预紧元件借助支承件克服弹簧元件的预紧力的作用朝不加载或仅略微加载板条的静止位置运动,在所述静止位置中,预紧元件和板条具有较大的距离,以便改善对于流动通道的可触及性。
在此,流动通道的下部件还可以是例如喷头的固定组件。针对出口宽度的是可替换的头部上部件,因此为了改变出口宽度仅需替换一个部件。由此简化了过程并且为此减少了所需的时间花费。
根据本发明的另一种特别优选的变型方式,预紧元件具有用于配备有压力传递元件的支承件的第一接触面和用于板条的第二接触面,其中,所述接触面或者说所述接触面的面法线相互间具有倾斜的、尤其相互垂直的定向。由此实现了用于将板条与辊子相切地预紧在支承面上的压力传递元件和用于将板条沿径向预紧在辊子上的预紧元件的运动学耦联,其方式为,两个预紧力尤其在喷头打开时同时下降或者说消失。尤其当取消将板条固定在支承面上的固持力时,不再有径向的预紧力作用在板条上。由此进一步简化操作。
预紧元件能够借助滑移导引而平移运动地执行。然而,本发明的一种变型方案被认为是特别成功的,其中,预紧元件具有摆动杆,以便不仅通过相应尺寸的杆臂实现所导入的力的加强,而且还能够在同一个摆动臂上同时实现两个在其位置和定向方面可变的接触面。此外,摆动杆还可以构造为根据偏心凸轮的原理进行力传递。
附图说明
本发明允许多种实施方式。为了进一步阐释其基本原理,在附图中示出并且在以下描述多种实施方式中的一种实施方式。这分别以剖切而得的侧视图示出:
图1示出在运行位置中的挤出设备的喷头;
图2示出在静止位置中的根据图1所示的喷头;
图3示出在运行位置中的根据图1所示的喷头的细节图。
具体实施方式
配设有喷头1的根据本发明的挤出设备首先根据图1至图3的各个剖面图详细阐释。挤出设备用于制造未示出的由可塑化材料制成的型材。在此,型材的成型在流动通道5的与挤出螺杆4相背离的区域中在辊子2与构造为造型板的板条3之间的间隙中完成,所述流动通道由可替换的上部头部件6和与喷头1相连的下部头部件7限定边界。下部头部件7在此同时用于容纳温度传感器8以及压力传感器9,相较而言,上部头部件6构成用于板条3的支承面10。
在图1所示的挤出设备的运行位置中,板条3借助固定元件11在预定的位置中贴靠在支承面10上以力Ft预紧。为此,固定元件11具有面状的压力传递元件12,所述压力传递元件贴靠在板条3的压力面13上。为了自动调整压力传递元件12相对于压力面13的期望的平行定向,压力传递元件12能够绕与辊子2的辊子轴线14平行的轴线15摆动,所述轴线15延伸通过压力传递元件12的面重心并且将压力面13分成两个基本上相同大小的子表面。
压力传递元件12从其自身方面在摆动运动的支承件17上固持在相背离的端部区段上,并且连同支承件17一起朝图2所示的静止位置摆动运动,所示支承件17具有与轴线15平行的摆动轴线16。为了进行调整而使用在图1中示出的可手动操作的操作杆18,所述操作杆根据肘杆原理自夹紧地实施。
除了通过压力传递元件12将板条3相对于作为支座的支承面10固定之外,挤出设备还配备了可绕夹紧轴线19摆动运动的预紧元件20,通过所述预紧元件还额外地将板条3相对于辊子2沿径向以力Fr预紧,如图3所示。夹紧轴线19为此具有与辊子轴线14以及与支承件17的摆动轴线16平行的定向。在运行位置中,预紧元件20通过弹簧元件21的作用在板条3上的可调整的预紧力加载,所述预紧力由此在运行时是恒定的。在此,预紧元件20具有用于压力传递元件12的支承件17的第一接触面22和用于板条3的与所述第一接触面正交的第二接触面23。由此,预紧元件20向在图3中仅以虚线示出的静止位置中的摆动运动导致预紧元件20克服弹簧元件21的预紧力的移位,由此同时使板条3卸载。
附图标记清单
1 喷头
2 辊子
3 板条
4 挤出螺杆
5 流动通道
6 头部件
7 头部件
8 温度传感器
9 压力传感器
10 支承面
11 固定元件
12 压力传递元件
13 压力面
14 辊子轴线
15 轴线
16 摆动轴线
17 支承件
18 操作杆
19 夹紧轴线
20 预紧元件
21 弹簧元件
22 接触面
23 接触面
Fr 力
Ft 力

Claims (5)

1.一种用于由可塑化材料制造型材的挤出设备,所述挤出设备具有至少一个喷头(1),可塑化材料在所述喷头中能够被供应至间隙,所述间隙通过至少一个辊子(2)和至少一个在挤出设备的运行位置中借助固定元件(11)在预定的位置中贴靠在所述至少一个喷头(1)的支承面(10)上的板条(3)限定边界,其中,板条(3)通过预紧元件(20 )基于辊子(2)沿径向地相对于辊子以力(Fr)被预紧在运行位置中,其中,预紧元件(20)具有用于配备有压力传递元件(12)的支承件(17)的第一接触面(22)和用于板条(3)的第二接触面(23),其中,两个接触面(22、23)的平面相互间具有斜度,其特征在于,预紧元件(20)被构造为摆动杆,所述摆动杆能够绕与辊子轴线(14)平行的夹紧轴线(19)摆动运动。
2.根据权利要求1所述的挤出设备,其特征在于,预紧元件(20)能够在运行位置中为了降低板条(3)相对于辊子(2)的预紧而克服可调整的预紧力向与辊子(2)相背离的方向运动。
3.根据权利要求1所述的挤出设备,其特征在于,预紧元件(20)能够在运行位置中为了降低板条(3)相对于辊子(2)的预紧而克服弹簧元件(21)的可调整的预紧力向与辊子(2)相背离的方向运动。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的挤出设备,其特征在于,预紧元件(20)能够借助支承件(17)克服预紧力的作用朝不加载或仅略微加载板条(3)的静止位置运动。
5.根据权利要求1所述的挤出设备,其特征在于,两个接触面(22、23)的平面相互间具有相互垂直的定向。
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