CN108050992A - Method for measuring inclination of building - Google Patents
Method for measuring inclination of building Download PDFInfo
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- CN108050992A CN108050992A CN201711276801.0A CN201711276801A CN108050992A CN 108050992 A CN108050992 A CN 108050992A CN 201711276801 A CN201711276801 A CN 201711276801A CN 108050992 A CN108050992 A CN 108050992A
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000009435 building construction Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004445 quantitative analysis Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012795 verification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01C—MEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
- G01C9/00—Measuring inclination, e.g. by clinometers, by levels
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of building construction, and provides a method for measuring the inclination of a building, which comprises the following steps: setting a horizontal standard base line AB around the building, wherein the standard base line AB and the horizontal projection of the building are in the same vertical plane; an observation point O is arranged in front of a building; the observation point O is provided with a measuring instrument; setting at least one point C to be measured on a buildingn(ii) a Measuring the direction angle from the observation point O to the two ends of the standard base line AB and the direction angle from the observation point O to the point C to be measured by the measuring instrumentnThe direction angle of (1); calculating an included angle value theta between OA and OB; calculation of OA and OCnAngle of inclusion value gamman(ii) a According to the length of the standard baseline AB and the included angle values theta, OA and OC of OA and OBnIncluded angle value gammanCalculating the point C to be measured by using the offset formula of the point C to be measurednOffset amount m ofn. The method for measuring the inclination of the building has the advantages that the station can be freely set, and the station can be set within the range of the front view field of the point to be measured which can be completely observed; the technical problem that observation points are difficult to set in the prior art is solved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to construction account technical field, more particularly to a kind of method for measuring building inclination.
Background technology
At present, the method for measuring building inclination mainly has:Cultellation method, the horizontal horn cupping of survey, forward intersection, laser are vertical
The methods of instrument method, hanging method, dipmeter method and differential precipitation.The above method will set in top of building and observe
Point, for people reach observation point it is difficult in the case of, the high building of concealment and motion industry equipment etc. tilt detection it is real
It applies relatively difficult.And measurement result is limited by distance, and distance is bigger, and measurement error is bigger.
The content of the invention
The technical problems to be solved by the invention are:A kind of method for measuring building inclination is provided, solves the prior art
Middle observation point sets the problem of difficult.
The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the technical problems is:The method for measuring building inclination, including as follows
Step:
A, around building the floor projection of level standard baseline AB, the standard baseline AB and building is set to exist
In same vertical plane;
B, observation point O is set in the front of building;In observation point O, measuring instrument is set;It is set at least on building
One tested point Cn;
C, observation point O is measured to the deflection and observation point O at standard baseline AB both ends to tested point by measuring instrument
CnDeflection;
D, the angle value θ of OA and OB is calculated;Calculate OA and OCnAngle value γn;According to the length of standard baseline AB, OA with
Angle value θ, OA and OC of OBnAngle value γn, tested point C is calculated with tested point offset formulanOffset mn。
Further, the tested point offset formula is:
The horizontal sextant angle of OA and OB is calculated by formula (1):
θ=| αOA-αOB| (1)
Wherein, θ is the horizontal sextant angle of OA and OB;αOAFor the deflection of OA;αOBFor the deflection of OB;
OCnIt is calculated with the horizontal sextant angle of OA by formula (2):
Wherein, γnFor OCnWith the horizontal sextant angle of OA;For OCnDeflection;
The horizontal distance of O points to A points is calculated by formula (3):
Wherein, S is the length of standard baseline AB;R is horizontal distance of the O points to A points;ρ is constant, and value is 206265 ";
CnThe horizontal distance of point to A points is calculated by formula (4):
Wherein, mnFor CnPoint arrives the horizontal distance of A points;
Formula (1), (2), (3) are substituted into formula (4), obtain formula (5):
By formula (5) with regard to tested point C can be calculatednHorizontal offset.
Further, the standard baseline AB is arranged on the component reliably measured on building;The standard of the component
Length of the length as standard baseline AB.
Further, the measuring instrument is theodolite or electronic total station.
Further, the distance of the observation point O to standard baseline AB is more than tested point CnTo the vertical of standard baseline AB
1.5 times of height.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
1st, station is set freely, as long as station can be set in the range of the front view of tested point can completely observe;It solves
Observation point sets the technical issues of difficult in the prior art;
2nd, quantitative analysis is carried out using standard baseline, reduces error and introduce the factor, the error that range measurement is avoided to bring
It influences;Measuring speed is fast, precision is high.
3rd, angle value measurement in direction is convenient, and any direction can be arranged to zero direction, as long as ensureing in measurement process not
Reset disk;
4th, it is applied widely, the civil buildings such as building construction, chimney are applicable not only to, it is logical to be also applied for electric pole, steel tower etc.
News building, applies also for the industrial equipments such as gas chamber.
5th, by once setting station, the offset of different parts on building can be measured, and then acquires inclining for different parts
Slope;The mutual slope in each position can also be obtained simultaneously.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of the first embodiment in the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram of second of embodiment in the present invention.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples:
As shown in Figure 1 to Figure 3, the method for measurement building inclination of the present invention, includes the following steps:
A, around building the floor projection of level standard baseline AB, the standard baseline AB and building is set to exist
In same vertical plane;
B, observation point O is set in the front of building;Observation point O is provided with measuring instrument;It is set at least on building
One tested point Cn;
C, observation point O is measured to the deflection and observation point O at standard baseline AB both ends to tested point by measuring instrument
CnDeflection;
D, the angle value θ of OA and OB is calculated;Calculate OA and OCnAngle value γn;According to the length of standard baseline AB, OA with
Angle value θ, OA and OC of OBnAngle value γn, tested point C is calculated with tested point offset formulanOffset mn。
In step A, the standard baseline AB is horizontally disposed with, and standard baseline AB and building are projected in same vertical plane
It is interior;According to the actual conditions of building, the standard baseline AB is arranged on the component reliably measured on building;The component
Length of the full-length as standard baseline AB.The component reliably measured can be mounted in channel steel, I-shaped on building
Steel or standard size part etc., their size are standard values, avoid measurement length and increased error.Standard baseline AB may be used also
To be provided in the other standards component outside building, the length of standard baseline AB is standard value.
Refer to completely observing tested point front on standard baseline and building in step B, in front of building
The position in the visual field;Observation point O can be arranged on any position in front of building, preferably, observation point O to standard base
The distance of line AB is more than tested point CnTo 1.5 times of the vertical height of standard baseline AB, to reduce the angle between OA and OB, drop
Low measurement error.The measuring instrument is theodolite or electronic total station.
In step C, after measuring instrument is arranged on observation point O, the 0:00 direction of measuring instrument need not be set, so that it may right
The deflection at standard baseline AB both ends and tested point CnDeflection measure, it is only necessary to ensure not weigh in measurement process
Put disk.
As shown in Figure 1, standard baseline AB is arranged on around building;Measuring instrument is arranged on observation point O;On building
It is provided with tested point Cn。
The tested point offset formula is:
The horizontal sextant angle of OA and OB is calculated by formula (1):
θ=| αOA-αOB| (1)
Wherein, θ is the horizontal sextant angle value of OA and OB;αOAFor the deflection of OA;αOBFor the deflection of OB;
OCnIt is calculated with the horizontal sextant angle of OA by formula (2):
Wherein, γnFor OCnWith the horizontal sextant angle of OA;For OCnDeflection;
According to《Build deformation measurement specification》The middle public affairs that the horizontal displacement on some direction is measured using the small horn cupping of total powerstation
Formula, the horizontal distance of O points to A points are calculated by formula (3):
Wherein, S is the length of standard baseline AB;R is horizontal distance of the O points to A points;ρ is constant, and value is 206265 ";
CnThe horizontal distance of point to A points is calculated by formula (4):
Wherein, mnFor CnPoint arrives the horizontal distance of A points;
Formula (1), (2), (3) are substituted into formula (4), obtain formula (5):
From formula (5), since the length S of standard baseline AB is fixed value, uniquely influence CnPoint arrives A points
Horizontal distance mnFactor be exactly direction angle value measure;Since the measure of the deflection in the present invention is all once to complete,
Measure A points, B points, CnDuring the direction angle value of point, ensure that the disk of measuring instrument is not reset, ensure that the accuracy of measurement data.It carries
High measurement accuracy.
Fig. 2 is the first embodiment in the present invention, and the A ends of standard baseline AB are located on building, that is to say, that such as
Fruit building does not tilt, then the tested point C on buildingnProjection just overlapped with the A ends of standard baseline AB.
At this point, tested point CnThe horizontal distance of point to A points is exactly tested point CnOffset.
Assuming that building is equipped with tested point C1、C2、C3、C4;Tested point C then can be calculated by formula (5)1、C2、
C3、C4Offset compared with A ends on standard baseline AB is m1、m2、m3、m4。
The slope of building is calculated by formula (6):
Wherein, inFor tested point CnThe slope at place;mnFor CnPoint arrives the horizontal distance of A points;hnFor CnPoint is vertical to A points
Highly;
Tested point C1、C2、C3、C4Vertical height to A points is respectively h1、h2、h3、h4;According to formula (6), so that it may acquire and build
Build C on object1、C2、C3、C4The slope i of point1、i2、i3、i4。
Fig. 3 is second of embodiment of the present invention, and the both ends of standard baseline AB are all not located on building;Also
It is to say, if building does not tilt, then the tested point C on buildingnProjection be located in the extended line of standard baseline AB
On.Tested point C is set on building1, tested point C1Standard baseline AB is provided in the position of same level.
At this point, tested point C on buildingnCompared with C1The horizontal distance of point is exactly tested point CnOffset, by formula
(7) calculate:
m′n=mn-m1 (7)
Wherein, m 'nFor CnPoint arrives C1The horizontal distance of point;mnFor CnPoint arrives the horizontal distance of A points;m1For C1Point arrives A points
Horizontal distance.
Assuming that building is equipped with tested point C2、C3、C4;Tested point C then can be calculated by formula (7)2、C3、C4
Compared with tested point C1Offset be m '2、m′3、m′4。
The slope of building is calculated by formula (8):
Wherein, inFor tested point CnThe slope at place;m′nFor tested point CnTo tested point C1Horizontal distance;hnTo be to be measured
Point CnTo tested point C1Vertical height.
Tested point C2、C3、C4To C1The vertical height of point is respectively h2、h3、h4;According to formula (7), so that it may acquire building
Upper C2、C3、C4The slope of point is i2、i3、i4。
The method of the measurement building inclination of the present invention, if station is freely, as long as the front of tested point can completely observed
Station can be set within sweep of the eye;It solves observation point in the prior art and the technical issues of difficult is set;Measurement data is few, precision
Height, measuring speed is fast, and use scope is wide;Quantitative analysis is carried out using standard baseline, reduces error and introduces the factor, avoid distance
Measuring the error brought influences;It is applied widely, be applicable not only to the civil buildings such as building construction, chimney, be also applied for electric pole,
The communications such as steel tower are built, and apply also for the industrial equipments such as gas chamber;Direction angle value measurement is convenient, and any direction can be arranged to
Zero direction, as long as ensureing not reset disk in measurement process.
Embodiment one:
The gas chamber in certain chemical plant from bottom to top, has been uniformly arranged lateral road side plate on gas chamber, adjacent lateral road side plate
Spacing is 1800mm;Also there is H profile steel on gas chamber, the width of H profile steel is 300mm.Using the H profile steel on gas chamber as mark
The selection part of quasi- baseline, using the width of H profile steel as the length of standard baseline AB, the A ends of standard baseline AB are located at gas chamber
On, standard baseline AB is arranged on the bottom of gas chamber.Electronic total station is set up in the positive O points of gas chamber.Under
Upwards, tested point C is set on the 3rd side plate1, tested point C is set on the 6th side plate2, set on the 9th side plate to be measured
Point C3, tested point C is set on the 12nd side plate4, tested point C is set on the 15th side plate5, set on the 18th side plate
Tested point C6。
It should be noted that when measuring deflection by electronic total station, it is necessary to which disposable to complete, midway is not
It obtains and flattens instrument and centering again.
Deflection such as following table is measured by electronic total station:
The method of measurement building inclination of the present invention is base-line method, for the accurate of verification base-line method measurement result
Property, measuring ranging by minor angle method is checked, and the accurate horizontal distance for measuring survey station point to observation position is 85.5564m.
With angle difference calculate according to distance and compare, tested point CnCompared with the offset such as following table institute at A ends on standard baseline AB
Show:
As seen from the above table, it is very close using the result of base-line method inclination measurement and the measurement result of minor angle method, it calculates
Maximum relative error only has 0.75%.It can thus be appreciated that base-line method measures the data obtained with actually matching, it can conduct
Detect the end value of building inclination.It is 1800mm according to the distance of each lateral road side sheet room of gas chamber, obtains tested point Cn's
Vertical height hn, according to formula (6), with regard to the slope of each tested point position can be calculated;It simultaneously can also be inclined according to baseline
Difference data obtains the mutual slope in each position.
Claims (5)
1. measure the method for building inclination, it is characterised in that:Include the following steps:
The floor projection of level standard baseline AB, the standard baseline AB and building is set around building same A,
In vertical plane;
B, observation point O is set in the front of building;In observation point O, measuring instrument is set;It is set on building at least one
Tested point Cn;
C, observation point O is measured to the deflection at standard baseline AB both ends and observation point O to tested point C by measuring instrumentn's
Deflection;
D, the angle value θ of OA and OB is calculated;Calculate OA and OCnAngle value γn;According to the length of standard baseline AB, OA and OB
Angle value θ, OA and OCnAngle value γn, tested point C is calculated with tested point offset formulanOffset mn。
2. the method for measurement building inclination according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:The tested point offset formula
For:
The horizontal sextant angle of OA and OB is calculated by formula (1):
θ=| αOA-αOB| (1)
Wherein, θ is the horizontal sextant angle of OA and OB;αOAFor the deflection of OA;αOBFor the deflection of OB;
OCnIt is calculated with the horizontal sextant angle of OA by formula (2):
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<mo>(</mo>
<mn>2</mn>
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</mrow>
</mrow>
Wherein, γnFor OCnWith the horizontal sextant angle of OA;For OCnDeflection;
The horizontal distance of O points to A points is calculated by formula (3):
<mrow>
<mi>S</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
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<mi>&theta;</mi>
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<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mn>3</mn>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
</mrow>
Wherein, S is the length of standard baseline AB;R is horizontal distance of the O points to A points;ρ is constant, value 206265″;
CnThe horizontal distance of point to A points is calculated by formula (4):
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<mo>(</mo>
<mn>4</mn>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
</mrow>
Wherein, mnFor CnPoint arrives the horizontal distance of A points;
Formula (1), (2), (3) are substituted into formula (4), obtain formula (5):
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<mi>m</mi>
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By formula (5) with regard to tested point C can be calculatednHorizontal offset.
3. the method for measurement building inclination according to claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that:The standard baseline AB is set
It puts on the component reliably measured on building;Length of the full-length of the component as standard baseline AB.
4. the method for measurement building inclination according to claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that:The measuring instrument is warp
Latitude instrument or electronic total station.
5. the method for measurement building inclination according to claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that:The observation point O is to standard
The distance of baseline AB is more than tested point CnTo 1.5 times of the vertical height of standard baseline AB.
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CN201711276801.0A CN108050992A (en) | 2017-12-06 | 2017-12-06 | Method for measuring inclination of building |
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Family
ID=62122637
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Cited By (7)
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---|---|---|---|---|
CN109855611A (en) * | 2019-03-27 | 2019-06-07 | 中南大学 | A kind of PC wall rapid survey calibration method based on total station |
CN110231016A (en) * | 2019-06-28 | 2019-09-13 | 重庆建工集团股份有限公司 | A kind of measurement method of steel construction |
CN111174771A (en) * | 2020-01-19 | 2020-05-19 | 中国十七冶集团有限公司 | Method for measuring verticality of stand column |
CN111536927A (en) * | 2020-04-08 | 2020-08-14 | 中船第九设计研究院工程有限公司 | Crane beam track eccentricity measurement method |
CN111564084A (en) * | 2020-04-14 | 2020-08-21 | 北京仿真中心 | Method for mounting foundation plate of three-axis flight turntable |
CN112344909A (en) * | 2020-11-06 | 2021-02-09 | 国核信息科技有限公司 | Method and device for monitoring inclination of fan tower |
CN112461071A (en) * | 2020-11-20 | 2021-03-09 | 魏强 | Method for measuring repeated installation error of inertial navigation equipment |
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CN103453886A (en) * | 2013-07-30 | 2013-12-18 | 贵州中建建筑科研设计院有限公司 | Method for measuring perpendicularity of untouchable measuring point of existing building |
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Cited By (10)
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---|---|---|---|---|
CN109855611A (en) * | 2019-03-27 | 2019-06-07 | 中南大学 | A kind of PC wall rapid survey calibration method based on total station |
CN109855611B (en) * | 2019-03-27 | 2022-03-15 | 中南大学 | PC wall body rapid measurement and calibration method based on total station |
CN110231016A (en) * | 2019-06-28 | 2019-09-13 | 重庆建工集团股份有限公司 | A kind of measurement method of steel construction |
CN110231016B (en) * | 2019-06-28 | 2021-08-24 | 重庆建工集团股份有限公司 | Measuring method of steel structure |
CN111174771A (en) * | 2020-01-19 | 2020-05-19 | 中国十七冶集团有限公司 | Method for measuring verticality of stand column |
CN111536927A (en) * | 2020-04-08 | 2020-08-14 | 中船第九设计研究院工程有限公司 | Crane beam track eccentricity measurement method |
CN111564084A (en) * | 2020-04-14 | 2020-08-21 | 北京仿真中心 | Method for mounting foundation plate of three-axis flight turntable |
CN112344909A (en) * | 2020-11-06 | 2021-02-09 | 国核信息科技有限公司 | Method and device for monitoring inclination of fan tower |
CN112461071A (en) * | 2020-11-20 | 2021-03-09 | 魏强 | Method for measuring repeated installation error of inertial navigation equipment |
CN112461071B (en) * | 2020-11-20 | 2023-12-01 | 中国人民解放军63698部队 | Method for measuring repeated installation errors of inertial navigation equipment |
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