CN108036327B - Small-size energy-conserving high-efficient domestic waste incineration disposal system - Google Patents
Small-size energy-conserving high-efficient domestic waste incineration disposal system Download PDFInfo
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- CN108036327B CN108036327B CN201810056144.7A CN201810056144A CN108036327B CN 108036327 B CN108036327 B CN 108036327B CN 201810056144 A CN201810056144 A CN 201810056144A CN 108036327 B CN108036327 B CN 108036327B
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/02—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment
- F23G5/033—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment comminuting or crushing
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/02—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment
- F23G5/04—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment drying
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/08—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating
- F23G5/14—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating including secondary combustion
- F23G5/16—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating including secondary combustion in a separate combustion chamber
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/44—Details; Accessories
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES
- F23J15/00—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes
- F23J15/003—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes for supplying chemicals to fumes, e.g. using injection devices
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES
- F23J15/00—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes
- F23J15/006—Layout of treatment plant
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES
- F23J15/00—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes
- F23J15/02—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of purifiers, e.g. for removing noxious material
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES
- F23J15/00—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes
- F23J15/06—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of coolers
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
- Y02E20/30—Technologies for a more efficient combustion or heat usage
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- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a small-sized energy-saving high-efficiency household garbage incineration treatment system, which comprises an incineration pretreatment system, an incineration system, a flue gas waste heat utilization device and a flue gas treatment system. The flue gas treatment system comprises a first gas-liquid heat exchange device, a first induced draft fan, a residual alkali ash utilization tower, a semidry deacidification tower, a second gas-liquid heat exchange device, a cooling water tower, a cyclone dust collector, a bag type dust collector, a second induced draft fan and a chimney. This system has optimized the processing system before the msw incineration, incinerator inner structure and flue gas processing system, has synthesized the convenience of considering the rubbish breakage with the dehydration, improves the gas tightness of burning furnace, promotes the rubbish fully burn, reduces the secondary pollutant and produces, make full use of flue gas waste heat, and the reutilization utilizes alkali ash, gets rid of pollutants such as acid gas, organic pollutant and particulate matter more effectively, reaches rubbish and does not fall to the ground, the foul smell does not spread, waste liquid is not arranged outward and waste heat purpose such as extravagant.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of household garbage treatment, in particular to a small-sized energy-saving high-efficiency household garbage incineration treatment system.
Background
In recent years, the economy of small towns in China is rapidly developed, and a large amount of domestic garbage is generated in the production and consumption processes. If the domestic garbage is improperly disposed, not only can a certain land be occupied, but also the land resource can be wasted, and the odor can be given off, and various bacteria can be generated. The environmental sanitation infrastructure of the small towns is relatively lagged, and the problems of dirt, disorder and bad garbage are obvious when the household garbage is stacked everywhere, so that the reasonable treatment and disposal of the household garbage of the small towns are imperative. The treatment of domestic garbage includes three categories of landfill, composting and incineration. Only incineration is used, so that the quantity and the volume of the garbage can be reduced most quickly and effectively, various pathogens in the garbage can be eliminated, and toxic and harmful substances are converted into harmless substances, so that the technology is gradually the mainstream technology for treating the household garbage.
The garbage incineration is that the municipal solid waste is treated at high temperature, and in an incinerator at 800-1000 ℃, the combustible components of the waste and oxygen in the air undergo violent chemical reaction to release heat and convert the heat into high-temperature combustion gas and solid residues. The waste incineration has the advantages of large capacity reduction, recyclable heat energy and the like, but also has the defects of higher operating cost, certain requirement on waste heat value, heavy metal and other harmful substances contained in fly ash and the like. If the technology and equipment are not properly selected, the operation management level is low, and serious secondary pollution is generated.
In the division of the geographic region for refuse incineration, the proportion of county-level cities is larger and larger, the scale of a single line of 10-150 tons/day is increased day by day, and the process route originally adapted to the large fire grate is obviously not suitable for the county-level cities due to the comprehensive problems in the aspects of construction cost, period, site and the like, so that the development of a small refuse incineration system suitable for the county-level cities is urgent.
A small household garbage incineration treatment system generally comprises an incineration pretreatment system, an incinerator, a heat utilization system and a flue gas treatment system.
Some small-size domestic waste incineration pretreatment devices exist in the market at present, but none of the devices is relatively general, and all have some defects or shortcomings, such as: the crushing machinery is too expensive, the flow is too long, the dehydration energy consumption is too large, the flue gas waste heat is not fully utilized, the comprehensive energy consumption is too high, and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the market demand, the invention designs a small-sized energy-saving high-efficiency household garbage incineration treatment system, optimizes a garbage incineration pretreatment system, an incinerator internal structure and a flue gas treatment system, comprehensively considers the convenience of garbage crushing and dehydration, improves the air tightness of the incinerator, promotes the garbage to be fully incinerated, reduces the generation of secondary pollutants, fully utilizes the waste heat of the flue gas, and more effectively removes pollutants such as acid gas, organic pollutants and particulate matters by secondarily utilizing alkali ash (calcium hydroxide waste residues), thereby achieving the purposes of no falling to the ground of the garbage, no diffusion of odor, no discharge of waste liquid, no waste heat waste and the like.
The technical scheme of the invention is realized as follows: a small-sized energy-saving high-efficiency household garbage incineration treatment system comprises an incineration pretreatment system, an incineration system, a flue gas waste heat utilization device and a flue gas treatment system; the flue gas treatment system comprises a first gas-liquid heat exchange device, a first induced draft fan, a residual alkali ash utilization tower, a semidry deacidification tower, a second gas-liquid heat exchange device, a cooling water tower, a cyclone dust collector, a bag type dust collector, a second induced draft fan and a chimney;
the incineration pretreatment system comprises a household garbage crushing device and a vertical rotary garbage drying device which are independently arranged; the household garbage crushing device comprises a first garbage can, a first garbage self-loading and unloading device and a crusher device; the vertical rotary garbage drying device comprises a second garbage can, a second garbage self-loading and unloading device, a drying can and a garbage percolate dripping device, wherein the drying can comprises a can body, a stirring motor and a stirring rod, the stirring rod is in a multi-layer staggered design by adopting a cross rod, and a discharge valve is arranged at a discharge end; the charging hopper is provided with an electric cover, and the lower end of the charging hopper is provided with a hydraulic feeding device.
The household garbage crushing device and the vertical rotary garbage drying device are respectively provided with a transfer barrel and a conveying mechanism, and the conveying mechanism of the household garbage crushing device comprises a first conveying rail conveyed to the vertical rotary garbage drying device and a second conveying rail conveyed to an incineration system; the conveying mechanism of the vertical rotary garbage drying device comprises a third conveying rail for conveying the garbage to the incineration system;
the incineration system comprises a third garbage self-loading and unloading device, an incinerator body, a first combustion chamber arranged in the incinerator body, a fire grate, an igniter, a first ash discharge port, a second combustion chamber and a second combustion chamber flue gas discharge port arranged on the wall of the second combustion chamber;
the flue gas waste heat utilization device comprises a cuboid container or a cylindrical container and a heat exchange pipeline arranged in the cuboid container or the cylindrical container, the upper part of the cuboid container or the cylindrical container is communicated with the secondary combustion chamber, refractory bricks are arranged on the inner wall of the cuboid container or the cylindrical container, and the heat exchange pipeline is in a snake shape or a spring shape; fresh air is introduced into the heat exchange pipeline, the outside of the heat exchange pipeline is contacted with the flue gas, and because the flow rate of the air in the pipeline is large,can absorb more heat, can make the heat exchange pipeline not heated to very high temperature by the flue gas, even turn red. If the heat exchange pipeline is in a red hot state for a long time, the service life of the heat exchange pipeline is affected. The fresh air passing through the heat exchange pipeline can be heated to a higher temperature, and can be used for supplying air for drying garbage and a secondary combustion chamber, so that the energy-saving purpose is achieved. The quantity of the heat exchange pipelines is set according to the internal space of the cuboid container or the cylindrical container and the hot air demand, and the lower end of each heat exchange pipeline extends out of the cuboid container or the cylindrical container, is communicated with the drying barrel and sends hot air to the drying barrel to dry the garbage; the upper part of the vertical rotary garbage drying device is provided with an exhaust port which is communicated with an upper half-section pipe of a combustion chamber and supplies air to a grate at the upper half-section of the combustion chamber; fresh air A0The flue gas enters a flue gas waste heat utilization device to be heated and changed into air A1，A1Divided into two sections (or provided with a plurality of heat-exchange conduits, e.g. two, or two A)0Two A1) One section is sent into a second combustion chamber, and the other section is used as gas for drying the garbage and sent into a vertical rotary garbage drying device. After passing through the drying device, the air becomes A2And then fed into the upper half of the incinerator as the supply air to the incinerator. The lower half section of the incinerator is supplied with air B, and the air B is sucked by a fan from the upper part of the garbage stacking and crushing. If necessary, the air is heated to a specific temperature and then fed into the incinerator.
The first gas-liquid heat exchange device comprises a first gas inlet, a first gas outlet, a first cooling water inlet and a first cooling water outlet; a first air inlet of the first gas-liquid heat exchange device is communicated with the flue gas waste heat utilization device, and a first air outlet of the first gas-liquid heat exchange device supplies air to the residual alkali ash utilization tower under the action of the induced draft fan;
the air outlet of the residual alkali ash utilization tower is communicated with the air inlet of the semi-dry deacidification tower;
the second gas-liquid heat exchange device comprises a second gas inlet, a second gas outlet, a second cooling water inlet and a second cooling water outlet; a second gas inlet of the second gas-liquid heat exchange device is communicated with a gas outlet of the semi-dry deacidification tower, and a second gas outlet of the second gas-liquid heat exchange device is communicated with the cyclone dust collector;
the cooling water tower is provided with a cooling water outlet and a cooling water inlet, and the cooling water outlet is communicated with the first cooling water inlet of the first gas-liquid heat exchange device; and a first cooling water outlet of the first gas-liquid heat exchange device is communicated with a second cooling water inlet of the second gas-liquid heat exchange device, and a second cooling water outlet of the second gas-liquid heat exchange device and a cooling water inlet of the cooling water tower form circulation, so that the cyclic utilization of cooling water is realized.
Further, the surplus alkali ash utilizes the tower to include the tower body and set up the screw rod that lime powder waste residue feeding used in the tower body advances grey device, ash inlet, first draught fan and first draught fan entry and surplus alkali ash utilization tower air outlet on the tower body, the semi-dry deacidification tower includes the tower body, sets up semi-dry deacidification tower income wind gap and lime cream entry and the two-layer drip washing layer of setting in the tower body lower part, and semi-dry deacidification tower income wind gap utilizes the tower air outlet intercommunication with surplus alkali ash, and at least one shower nozzle that spray angle is 120 is installed to first drip washing layer, and at least one spray nozzle that spray angle is 90 is installed to second drip washing layer.
The number of the spray heads with the spray angles of 120 degrees arranged on the first leaching layer is three, and the number of the spray heads with the spray angles of 90 degrees arranged on the second leaching layer is one.
The first garbage self-loading and unloading device, the second garbage self-loading and unloading device and the third garbage self-loading and unloading device adopt a lifting conveying mode of lifting conveying, chain plate conveying or screw conveying.
The flue gas treatment system comprises a cyclone dust collector, a bag type dust collector, an induced draft fan and a chimney; an outlet of the second gas-liquid heat exchange device is communicated with an inlet of a cyclone dust collector, an outlet of the cyclone dust collector is communicated with an inlet of a bag type dust collector, an outlet of the bag type dust collector is communicated with an air inlet of an induced draft fan, and an air outlet of the induced draft fan is communicated with an inlet of a chimney; and waste ash discharge ports are respectively arranged at the bottoms of the semi-dry deacidification tower, the cyclone dust collector and the bag type dust collector, the ash discharge ports are provided with valves, and outlets of the ash discharge ports are communicated with an ash inlet on a tower body of the residual alkali ash utilization tower.
Air supply at the lower half section of the incinerator is sucked from the upper part of the garbage stacking and crushing by a fan; if necessary, the air is heated to a specific temperature and then fed into the incinerator.
The charging hopper of the waste incineration grate furnace is provided with an electric cover, and the charging hopper is opened during feeding and closed after the feeding is finished. The lower end of the feed hopper is provided with a hydraulic feeding device, so that the garbage can slowly enter the garbage incinerator. The hydraulic feeding device comprises a hydraulic pushing door device and a hydraulic feeding propelling device.
Description of air supply operating principle: as shown in FIG. 1, fresh air A0The flue gas enters a flue gas waste heat utilization device to be heated and changed into air A1，A1Divided into two sections or provided with a plurality of heat-exchange conduits, e.g. two, A0Two A1) One section is sent into a second combustion chamber, and the other section is used as gas for drying the garbage and sent into a vertical rotary garbage drying device. After passing through the drying device, the air becomes A2And then fed into the upper half of the incinerator as the supply air to the incinerator. The lower half section of the incinerator is supplied with air B, and the air B is sucked by a fan from the upper part of the garbage stacking and crushing. If necessary, the air is heated to a specific temperature and then fed into the incinerator.
The working principle of the cooling water flow path is as follows: as shown in fig. 1, the low-temperature cooling water W0Flowing out of the cooling water tower, entering a first gas-liquid heat exchange device to rapidly cool the flue gas, and cooling water W0Is heated to become W1. Cooling water W1The temperature is higher, the gas is fed into the second gas-liquid heat exchange device to raise the temperature of a little of the flue gas so as to prevent the flue gas from being too low and generating water vapor condensation and cooling water W in the cyclone dust collector and the bag type dust collector1Is cooled to become W2. Due to W2The temperature of the water is higher, and the water is sent into a cooling water tower for further cooling and is converted into W0Thereby realizing the recycling of the cooling water.
The operation mechanism of the invention is as follows: the household garbage is crushed and dehydrated by the pretreatment system and then enters the incinerator for incineration, and the generation and diffusion of toxic and harmful gases are fully considered and reduced in the incineration process. The generated flue gas enters a waste heat utilization device, the waste heat is fully utilized, the energy-saving purpose is achieved, and then the flue gas enters a flue gas treatment system, acid gas, organic pollutants and particulate matters are removed, and then the flue gas is discharged through a chimney.
The domestic garbage is primarily sorted and then is loaded into a garbage can, and then is poured into a charging hopper of a garbage crushing device through a first garbage self-loading and unloading device (the upper part of the charging hopper is provided with an electric cover which can prevent odor from diffusing) for crushing. And (4) loading the crushed garbage into a garbage transferring barrel, and conveying the garbage to the feeding end of a drying device. The second garbage is poured into a charging hopper of the vertical rotary garbage drying device through the second garbage self-loading and unloading device (the upper part of the charging hopper is provided with an electric cover which can prevent odor from diffusing), and the second garbage is dried. After the drying is completed, the garbage falls into another garbage transfer barrel and is transported to the feeding end of the incinerator. The garbage pretreatment system designs the garbage crushing and drying into independent units, and is favorable for pretreatment according to the properties of household garbage entering an incineration treatment station. If the entering garbage is smaller than the small blocks, the garbage does not need to be crushed; if the water content of the entering garbage is not high, drying is not needed. Landfill leachate slowly drips into in treating dry rubbish through the dropwise add device of installing in drying device, then dries through the hot-air and disposes liquid, is stained with the leachate solid component on the rubbish, then disposes through burning.
The incinerator is a conventional garbage incinerator grate furnace. Garbage is transported to the feeding end of the incinerator through the transfer barrel after being crushed and dried, then is poured into the feeding hopper of the incinerator through the third garbage self-loading and unloading device, and the upper part of the feeding hopper is provided with the electric cover which can prevent odor from diffusing. And then pushed into the incinerator through a hydraulic system. After the garbage enters the incinerator, the garbage can sequentially pass through the drying section, the incineration section and the burn-out section on a fire grate of the first combustion chamber, the final ash can be discharged from an ash discharge port, and the generated flue gas can enter the second combustion chamber through a flue. The secondary combustion chamber is fully burnt by means of secondary gas supply and the like, so that the smoke is kept for more than 2s at 850 ℃, and the generation of toxic gas, particularly dioxin, is reduced.
The high-temperature flue gas containing a large amount of acid gas and other toxic substances enters the first gas-liquid heat exchange device to be rapidly cooled to about 150 ℃, and the process can enable the flue gas to rapidly jump a temperature area where dioxin is easy to generate, so that the generation of the dioxin is reduced as much as possible. And sending the cooled flue gas into a residual alkali ash utilization tower by a first induced draft fan to carry out primary deacidification and dust removal. The residual alkali ash utilization tower is provided with a screw ash feeding device for feeding lime powder waste residues, and the screw ash feeding device can crush original waste residue particles to expose unreacted alkali in the particles again. The tower is used for secondary utilization of waste ash, namely ash discharged from the bottoms of the semidry deacidification tower, the cyclone dust collector and the bag type dust collector, and the purpose of full energy conservation is achieved. The flue gas is primarily treated by contacting with waste ash and then enters a semi-dry deacidification tower. The flue gas is leached by lime milk, so that most of acid gases, part of dioxin solids and soot are removed. The flue gas treated by the semi-dry deacidification tower has the advantages that most of toxic and harmful gases are eliminated, and only more ash is left. Because the flue gas humidity is great at this moment, for avoiding the flue gas to take place the condensation of steam in cyclone and bag collector, increased second gas-liquid heat exchange device, heated the flue gas with the higher temperature play water of first gas-liquid heat exchange device. The heated flue gas is treated by a cyclone dust collector and a bag type dust collector, and the flue gas can be discharged after reaching the standard.
The invention relates to a small-sized energy-saving high-efficiency household garbage incineration treatment system, which has the following advantages compared with the existing incineration treatment system:
1. the main unit equipment of the system can adopt the existing equipment on the market, so that the manufacturing cost is low, and the installation and the operation are simple;
2. the crushing and drying in the garbage pretreatment system are designed into independent units, so that pretreatment can be performed according to the performance of the incoming garbage, and the purposes of energy conservation and high efficiency are achieved;
3. a special vertical rotary garbage drying device is designed, and compared with the conventional drum-type garbage drying device on the market, the vertical rotary garbage drying device has the advantages of simpler structure, more energy conservation in use and longer service life;
4. a special waste heat utilization device is designed, the waste heat of the flue gas is fully utilized, and the aim of saving energy is fulfilled;
5. the residual alkali ash utilization tower is arranged, so that waste ash is fully utilized, the flue gas is subjected to primary treatment, the use efficiency of a calcium hydroxide medicament is improved, and the operation cost is reduced;
6. the residual alkali ash utilization tower is arranged, waste ash is fully utilized, primary treatment is carried out on flue gas, the use efficiency of the calcium hydroxide medicament is improved, and the operation cost is reduced.
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The first embodiment is as follows: as shown in fig. 1, the invention relates to a small-sized energy-saving high-efficiency household garbage incineration treatment system, which comprises an incineration pretreatment system, an incineration system, a flue gas waste heat utilization device and a flue gas treatment system, wherein the flue gas treatment system comprises a first gas-liquid heat exchange device 4, a first induced draft fan 50, a residual alkali ash utilization tower 5, a semi-dry deacidification tower 6, a second gas-liquid heat exchange device 7, a cooling water tower 9, a cyclone dust collector 81, a bag type dust collector 82, a second induced draft fan 83 and a chimney 84.
The incineration pretreatment system comprises a household garbage crushing device and a vertical rotary garbage drying device which are independently arranged; the household garbage crushing device comprises a first garbage can 11, a first garbage self-loading and unloading device 12 and a crusher device 13; the vertical rotary garbage drying device comprises a second garbage can 14, a second garbage self-loading and unloading device 15, a drying can 16 and a garbage leachate dripping device 17, wherein the drying can 16 comprises a can body, a stirring motor and a stirring rod.
The household garbage crushing device and the vertical type rotary garbage drying device are respectively provided with a transfer barrel and a conveying mechanism, and the conveying mechanism of the household garbage crushing device comprises a first conveying rail conveyed to the vertical type rotary garbage drying device and a second conveying rail conveyed to an incineration system; the conveying mechanism of the vertical rotary garbage drying device comprises a third conveying track for conveying the garbage to the incineration system.
The incineration system of the embodiment comprises a third garbage self-loading and unloading device 19, an incinerator body 2, a first combustion chamber 21 arranged in the incinerator body 2, a fire grate 23, an igniter, an ash discharge port 24, a second combustion chamber 22 and a second combustion chamber flue gas discharge port arranged on the wall of the second combustion chamber 22.
The flue gas waste heat utilization device comprises a cuboid container body or a cylinder container body 31 and a heat exchange pipeline 32 arranged in the cuboid container body or the cylinder container body 31, wherein the upper part of the cuboid container body or the cylinder container body 31 is communicated with a secondary combustion chamber 22, a refractory brick is arranged on the inner wall of the cuboid container body or the cylinder container body 31, and the heat exchange pipeline 32 is in a snake shape or a spring shape. Copper tubes may not be used for the heat exchange tubes 32, firstly because copper tubes are not resistant to high temperatures, and secondly, copper promotes the generation of dioxins. Fresh air is introduced into the heat exchange pipeline 32, the outside of the heat exchange pipeline is in contact with the flue gas, and the lower end of the heat exchange pipeline 32 extends out of the cuboid container body or the cylindrical container body 31, is communicated with the drying barrel 16 and sends hot gas to the drying barrel 16 to dry the garbage. The number of the heat exchange pipes 32 may be set according to the inner space of the rectangular parallelepiped container or the cylindrical container 31 and the hot air demand. The height and length of the rectangular parallelepiped container or the height and diameter of the cylindrical container 31 can be designed according to the height and width of the incinerator. The upper part of the vertical rotary garbage drying device is provided with an exhaust port 18, and the exhaust port 18 is communicated with an upper half pipe of a combustion chamber 21 and supplies air to a grate 23 at the upper half part of the combustion chamber 21.
The first gas-liquid heat exchange device 4 of the present embodiment includes a first gas inlet 41, a first gas outlet 42, a first cooling water inlet 43, and a first cooling water outlet 44; the first air inlet 41 of the first gas-liquid heat exchange device 4 is communicated with the flue gas waste heat utilization device 4, and the first air outlet 42 of the first gas-liquid heat exchange device 4 supplies air to the residual alkali ash utilization tower 5 under the action of the first induced draft fan 50.
The air outlet of the tower 5 for the residual alkali ash in the embodiment is communicated with the air inlet of the semi-dry deacidification tower 6.
The second gas-liquid heat exchange device 7 of the present embodiment includes a second gas inlet 71, a second gas outlet 72, a second cooling water inlet 73, and a second cooling water outlet 74; the second gas inlet 71 of the second gas-liquid heat exchange device 7 is communicated with the gas outlet of the semi-dry deacidification tower 6, and the second gas outlet 72 of the second gas-liquid heat exchange device 7 is communicated with the cyclone dust collector 81.
The cooling water tower 9 of this embodiment is provided with a cooling water outlet 91 and a cooling water inlet 92, and the cooling water outlet 91 is communicated with the first cooling water inlet 43 of the first gas-liquid heat exchange device 4; the first cooling water outlet 44 of the first gas-liquid heat exchange device 4 is communicated with the second cooling water inlet 73 of the second gas-liquid heat exchange device 7, and the second cooling water outlet 74 of the second gas-liquid heat exchange device 7 and the cooling water inlet 92 of the cooling water tower 9 form circulation, so that the cyclic utilization of the cooling water is realized.
The residual alkali ash utilization tower 5 comprises a tower body, a screw ash inlet device 51 arranged in the tower body, an ash inlet arranged on the tower body, a first induced draft fan 50, a first induced draft fan inlet 52 and a residual alkali ash utilization tower air outlet 53; the semi-dry deacidification tower 6 comprises a tower body, a semi-dry deacidification tower air inlet 61 and a lime milk inlet 62 which are arranged at the lower part of the tower body, and two leaching layers arranged in the tower body, wherein the semi-dry deacidification tower air inlet 61 is communicated with residual alkali ash by using a tower air outlet 53, the number of the first leaching layer is three, the second leaching layer is provided with a spraying nozzle 64 at a position which is about half of the height of the tower, and the spraying angle is 90 degrees.
In this embodiment, the first garbage self-loading and unloading device 12, the second garbage self-loading and unloading device 15 and the third garbage self-loading and unloading device 19 adopt a lifting conveying mode of lifting conveying or chain plate conveying or screw conveying, the charging hopper is provided with an electric cover, the charging hopper is opened during charging, and the charging hopper is closed after charging is completed, so that odor diffusion can be prevented. The lower end of the feed hopper is provided with a hydraulic feeding device, so that the garbage slowly enters the waste incinerator grate 23.
The flue gas treatment system of the embodiment comprises a cyclone dust collector 81, a bag type dust collector 82, a second induced draft fan 83 and a chimney 84; an outlet of the second gas-liquid heat exchange device 7 is communicated with an inlet of a cyclone dust collector 81, an outlet of the cyclone dust collector 81 is communicated with an inlet of a bag type dust collector 82, an outlet of the bag type dust collector 82 is communicated with an air inlet of a second induced draft fan 83, and an air outlet of the second induced draft fan 83 is communicated with an inlet of a chimney 19; the bottoms of the semi-dry deacidification tower 6, the cyclone dust collector 81 and the bag type dust collector 82 are respectively provided with a waste ash discharge port, the ash discharge ports are provided with valves, and the outlets of the ash discharge ports are communicated with an ash inlet on the tower body of the residual alkali ash utilization tower 5.
The lower section 25 of the incinerator of this embodiment is fed with air drawn by a fan from above the waste dump and break.
The first garbage self-loading and unloading device 12, the second garbage self-loading and unloading device 15 and the third garbage self-loading and unloading device 19 of the embodiment adopt self-loading and unloading devices which can be similar to a barrel-hanging garbage truck. The household garbage crusher device 13 is a shearing type household garbage crusher, generally adopts a double-shaft type, and the volume of a charging hopper is not less than 2 garbage cans. The charging hopper is provided with an electric cover, and the discharging end is provided with a discharging valve. Landfill leachate dropwise add device 17 makes landfill leachate slowly drip and adds in treating the dry rubbish, and the volume of dripping into is decided according to the rubbish moisture content after being dried, if the rubbish moisture content after the drying is higher, then reduces the volume of dripping into, otherwise then increases the volume of dripping into. A vertical rotary garbage drier has a cover on its hopper, which is opened when feeding and closed after feeding to prevent the diffusion of odor. The lower end of the feed hopper is provided with a hydraulic feeding device, so that the garbage slowly enters the vertical rotary garbage drying device. A cross rod (in a multi-layer staggered design) driven by a motor to rotate is arranged in the vertical rotary garbage drying device, so that garbage slowly falls down from top to bottom and finally enters a discharge end. The discharge end is provided with a discharge valve. The hot air enters from the lower part of the vertical rotary garbage drying device, then passes through the cross rod layer and flows out from the top of the device. In order to avoid the cross rod from remaining some garbage, such as plastic films, the motor can rotate at a low speed when the hydraulic feeding device sends the garbage, the hydraulic feeding box sends the garbage, and when the push rod retracts, the rotating speed of the motor is increased rapidly, so that the garbage hung on the cross rod is thrown away, and the garbage remaining on the cross rod is avoided.
This embodiment sets up hydraulic pressure feed arrangement at the feeder hopper lower extreme, makes rubbish slowly get into in the waste incinerator grate 23. After entering the incinerator, the garbage will pass through the drying section, the incineration section and the burning-out section on the grate 23 of the first combustion chamber in sequence, the final ash will be discharged from the ash discharge port, and the generated flue gas will enter the second combustion chamber 22 through the flue. The hydraulic feeding device is provided with a hydraulic pushing door device and a hydraulic feeding propulsion device, so that the air tightness of the incinerator can be improved, and feeding is not compressed.
The first and second gas-liquid heat exchange devices 4 and 7 of the present embodiment may use conventional gas-liquid heat exchangers, with gas passing through an inner pipe and liquid passing outside the pipe. The first induced draft fan 50 and the second induced draft fan 83 can be conventional high-pressure centrifugal fans. The residual alkali ash utilization tower 5 can be formed by reforming a conventional leaching tower, and a screw ash feeding device is arranged at the middle-upper part of the tower. The semi-dry deacidification tower 6 is a conventional leaching tower, two leaching layers are designed in the tower, a spray head is a spiral spray head, and leaching liquid is lime milk. The cyclone 81 may be a general type cyclone, and does not need to be resistant to high temperature, abrasion and corrosion. The bag house 82 may be a pulse bag house.
The above embodiments are preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications which do not depart from the spirit and principle of the present invention should be construed as equivalents thereof, and all such changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications are intended to be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. The utility model provides a small-size energy-conserving high-efficient domestic waste incineration disposal system which characterized in that: the system comprises a pre-incineration treatment system, an incineration system, a flue gas waste heat utilization device and a flue gas treatment system, wherein the flue gas treatment system comprises a first gas-liquid heat exchange device (4), a first induced draft fan (50), a residual alkali ash utilization tower (5), a semi-dry deacidification tower (6), a second gas-liquid heat exchange device (7), a cooling water tower (9), a cyclone dust collector (81), a bag type dust collector (82), a second induced draft fan (83) and a chimney (84);
the incineration pretreatment system comprises a household garbage crushing device and a vertical rotary garbage drying device which are independently arranged; the household garbage crushing device comprises a first garbage can (11), a first garbage self-loading and unloading device (12) and a crusher device (13); the vertical rotary garbage drying device comprises a second garbage can (14), a second garbage self-loading and unloading device (15), a drying can (16) and a garbage percolate dripping device (17), wherein the drying can (16) comprises a can body, a stirring motor and a stirring rod;
the household garbage crushing device and the vertical rotary garbage drying device are respectively provided with a transfer barrel and a conveying mechanism, and the conveying mechanism of the household garbage crushing device comprises a first conveying rail conveyed to the vertical rotary garbage drying device and a second conveying rail conveyed to an incineration system; the conveying mechanism of the vertical rotary garbage drying device comprises a third conveying rail for conveying the garbage to the incineration system;
the incineration system comprises a third garbage self-loading and unloading device (19), an incinerator body (2), a first combustion chamber (21) arranged in the incinerator body (2), a fire grate (23), an igniter, an ash discharge port (24), a second combustion chamber (22) and a second combustion chamber flue gas discharge port arranged on the wall of the second combustion chamber (22);
the flue gas waste heat utilization device comprises a cuboid container body or a cylindrical container body (31) and a heat exchange pipeline (32) arranged in the cuboid container body or the cylindrical container body (31), the upper part of the cuboid container body or the cylindrical container body (31) is communicated with the secondary combustion chamber (22), refractory bricks are installed on the inner wall of the cuboid container body or the cylindrical container body (31), and the heat exchange pipeline (32) is snakelike or spring-shaped; fresh air is introduced into the heat exchange pipeline (32), the outside of the heat exchange pipeline is contacted with flue gas, the lower end of the heat exchange pipeline (32) extends out of the cuboid container or the cylindrical container (31) and is communicated with the drying barrel (16), and hot air is sent to the drying barrel (16) to dry the garbage; the upper part of the vertical rotary garbage drying device is provided with an exhaust port (18), the exhaust port (18) is communicated with an upper half-section pipe of a combustion chamber (21) and supplies air to a grate (23) at the upper half-section of the combustion chamber (21);
the first gas-liquid heat exchange device (4) comprises a first gas inlet (41), a first gas outlet (42), a first cooling water inlet (43) and a first cooling water outlet (44); a first air inlet (41) of the first gas-liquid heat exchange device (4) is communicated with the flue gas waste heat utilization device (4), and a first air outlet (42) of the first gas-liquid heat exchange device (4) supplies air to the residual alkali ash utilization tower (5) under the action of a first induced draft fan (50);
the air outlet of the residual alkali ash utilization tower (5) is communicated with the air inlet of the semi-dry deacidification tower (6);
the second gas-liquid heat exchange device (7) comprises a second gas inlet (71), a second gas outlet (72), a second cooling water inlet (73) and a second cooling water outlet (74); a second air inlet (71) of the second gas-liquid heat exchange device (7) is communicated with an air outlet of the semi-dry deacidification tower (6), and a second air outlet (72) of the second gas-liquid heat exchange device (7) is communicated with a cyclone dust collector (81);
the cooling water tower (9) is provided with a cooling water outlet (91) and a cooling water inlet (92), and the cooling water outlet (91) is communicated with a first cooling water inlet (43) of the first gas-liquid heat exchange device (4); a first cooling water outlet (44) of the first gas-liquid heat exchange device (4) is communicated with a second cooling water inlet (73) of the second gas-liquid heat exchange device (7), and a second cooling water outlet (74) of the second gas-liquid heat exchange device (7) and a cooling water inlet (92) of the cooling water tower (9) form circulation, so that the circulation utilization of cooling water is realized;
the residual alkali ash utilization tower (5) comprises a tower body, a screw ash inlet device (51) arranged in the tower body, an ash inlet arranged on the tower body, a first induced draft fan (50), a first induced draft fan inlet (52) and a residual alkali ash utilization tower air outlet (53); the semi-dry deacidification tower (6) comprises a tower body, a semi-dry deacidification tower air inlet (61) and a lime milk inlet (62) which are arranged at the lower part of the tower body, and two leaching layers arranged in the tower body, wherein the semi-dry deacidification tower air inlet (61) is communicated with residual alkali ash by using a tower air outlet (53), the first leaching layer is provided with at least one spray head (63) with a spray angle of 120 degrees, and the second leaching layer is provided with at least one spray head (64) with a spray angle of 90 degrees;
three spray heads (63) with the spray angles of 120 degrees are arranged on the first leaching layer, and one spray head (64) with the spray angle of 90 degrees is arranged on the second leaching layer;
the first garbage self-loading and unloading device (12), the second garbage self-loading and unloading device (15) and the third garbage self-loading and unloading device (19) adopt a lifting conveying mode of lifting conveying or chain plate conveying or screw conveying, a charging hopper is provided with an electric cover, and a hydraulic feeding device is arranged at the lower end of the charging hopper;
the flue gas treatment system comprises a cyclone dust collector (81), a bag type dust collector (82), a second induced draft fan (83) and a chimney (84); an outlet of the second gas-liquid heat exchange device (7) is communicated with an inlet of a cyclone dust collector (81), an outlet of the cyclone dust collector (81) is communicated with an inlet of a bag type dust collector (82), an outlet of the bag type dust collector (82) is communicated with an air inlet of a second induced draft fan (83), and an air outlet of the second induced draft fan (83) is communicated with an inlet of a chimney (19); the bottoms of the semidry deacidification tower (6), the cyclone dust collector (81) and the bag type dust collector (82) are respectively provided with a waste ash discharge port, the ash discharge ports are provided with valves, and the outlets of the ash discharge ports are communicated with an ash inlet on the tower body of the residual alkali ash utilization tower (5);
the air supply of the lower half section (25) of the incinerator is sucked from the upper part of the garbage stacking and crushing by a fan.
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