CN108034315B - 膨胀石墨粉水性隧道防火涂料及使用方法 - Google Patents

膨胀石墨粉水性隧道防火涂料及使用方法 Download PDF

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CN108034315B
CN108034315B CN201711459714.9A CN201711459714A CN108034315B CN 108034315 B CN108034315 B CN 108034315B CN 201711459714 A CN201711459714 A CN 201711459714A CN 108034315 B CN108034315 B CN 108034315B
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邓贤均
魏雪峰
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种膨胀石墨粉水性隧道防火涂料，按质量份数计，所述涂料由以下组分组成：速溶胶粉10～20份；膨胀石墨粉30～35份；三聚氰胺5～10份；三聚磷酸铝45～55份。本发明利用膨胀石墨粉的耐高温、膨胀倍数高、隔热效果强的特点，提高水性隧道防火涂料的耐火极限；利用膨胀石墨粉的疏水性，作为防火涂料中的碳源，代替现有很多涂料中的季戊四醇，改善水性隧道防火涂料的涂膜耐水性；利用膨胀石墨粉的比表面大，无菌生长环境等特点，克服了必须外加多种助剂才能保证涂料体系的储存稳定性问题。利用膨胀石墨粉理化惰性、片层间多孔，作为粘结剂的树脂液易于浸透膨胀石墨粉，并将膨胀石墨粉在干燥的漆膜中互相粘结在一起，增强漆膜耐火及耐化学介质性能。

Description

膨胀石墨粉水性隧道防火涂料及使用方法
技术领域
本发明涉及防火涂料领域，具体公开了一种膨胀石墨粉水性隧道防火涂料及其使用方法。
背景技术
随着高速公路的不断发展，世界各地隧道火灾事故频发，已广泛引起人们的高度重视。从1996年的英吉利海峡隧道火灾、2000年的奥地利萨尔茨堡州基茨施坦霍县山隧道火灾、2003年韩国的地铁隧道火灾到2004年的中国的渝黔高速真武山隧道火灾、2008年京珠高速公路广东韶关段南行大宝山隧道火灾等等事故，都造成了巨大的人员伤亡和财产损失。虽然作为隧道内主体建筑的钢筋混凝土构件是不燃性材料，但隧道火灾具有燃烧后周围温度升高较快、持续时间长、着火范围较大等特点，在火灾发生的短时间内，隧道内着火现场的局部温度会迅速升至1000℃，随着温度的持续升高，混凝土内结合水变成蒸汽膨胀，产生压力，导致混凝土表层发生炸裂，产生大的塌陷，隧道衬砌和结构也受到破坏，加剧了疏散和救援人员的生命危险，其直接损失和间接损失巨大。随着我国长隧道及特长隧道的不断增多，隧道的结构防火保护已经是一个重要的研究课题。
在隧道结构防火的措施中，从性价比和施工的方便性考虑，隧道防火涂料是隧道防火保护的首要防护措施。尤其是对环境友好的水性隧道防火涂料更是应该受到社会的高度关注。现阶段，水性隧道防火涂料通用技术是在乳液中加消泡剂、增稠剂、成膜助剂、杀菌剂、防霉剂等，这些助剂都需要亲水，再配以季戊四醇成炭剂、多聚磷酸铵阻燃剂等，这些也都是亲水性的有机化工材料，最终导致漆膜除了耐水性不好外，耐火极限也不尽人意。隧道本身阴凉潮湿，通风性差的特点，迫切需要性能更优的水性隧道防火涂料。
发明内容
根据现有技术的缺陷，本发明的目的在于提供一种膨胀石墨粉水性隧道防火涂料。
具体的技术方案如下：
一种膨胀石墨粉水性隧道防火涂料，按质量份数计，所述涂料由以下组分组成：
Figure BDA0001530001440000021
进一步，所述速溶胶粉包括醋丙速溶胶粉、苯丙速溶胶粉、硅丙速溶胶粉中的一种或几种。
进一步，所述膨胀石墨粉粒度为50～100目。
进一步优选的，按质量份数计，所述涂料由以下组分组成：
Figure BDA0001530001440000022
进一步优选的，按质量份数计，所述涂料由以下组分组成：
Figure BDA0001530001440000023
Figure BDA0001530001440000031
2、所述膨胀石墨粉水性隧道防火涂料的使用方法，用水做分散介质将原材料组分按比例混合均匀，通过喷涂、辊涂、抹涂、刷涂等方式进行施工。
进一步，水与原材料组分质量比为1:1。
进一步，施工前去除混凝土结构表面的不牢固成分。
本发明的有益效果在于：
1、利用膨胀石墨粉的耐高温、膨胀倍数高、隔热效果强的特点，提高水性隧道防火涂料的耐火极限；
2、利用膨胀石墨粉的疏水性，作为防火涂料中的碳源，代替现有很多涂料中的季戊四醇，改善水性隧道防火涂料的涂膜耐水性；
3、利用膨胀石墨粉的比表面大，无菌生长环境等特点，克服了必须外加多种助剂才能保证涂料体系的储存稳定性问题。
4、利用膨胀石墨粉理化惰性、片层间多孔，作为粘结剂的树脂液易于浸透膨胀石墨粉，并将膨胀石墨粉在干燥的漆膜中互相粘结在一起，增强漆膜耐火及耐化学介质性能。
具体实施方式
下面将结合具体实施例对本发明所述技术方案进行进一步描述。
实施例1
一种膨胀石墨粉水性隧道防火涂料，按质量份数计，所述涂料由以下组分组成：醋丙速溶胶粉20份；膨胀石墨粉35份；三聚氰胺10份；三聚磷酸铝55份。用水做分散介质将原材料组分按1:1比例混合均匀，去除混凝土结构表面的不牢固成分，将涂料喷涂在隧道混凝土表面。
实施例2
一种膨胀石墨粉水性隧道防火涂料，按质量份数计，所述涂料由以下组分组成：苯丙速溶胶粉15份；膨胀石墨粉30份；三聚氰胺7份；三聚磷酸铝48份。用水做分散介质将原材料组分按1:1比例混合均匀，去除混凝土结构表面的不牢固成分，将涂料抹涂在隧道混凝土表面。
实施例3
一种膨胀石墨粉水性隧道防火涂料，按质量份数计，所述涂料由以下组分组成：硅丙速溶胶粉10份；膨胀石墨粉30份；三聚氰胺5份；三聚磷酸铝45份。用水做分散介质将原材料组分按1:1比例混合均匀，去除混凝土结构表面的不牢固成分，将涂料刷涂在隧道混凝土表面。
按GB/T28375-2012混凝土结构防火涂料中隧道防火涂料的项目及检验方法检测对实施例1～3制备的涂料进行性能检测：得到了如表1所示的检测结果。
表1
Figure BDA0001530001440000041
Figure BDA0001530001440000051
通过以上指标可看出，本发明公开的隧道防火涂料均达到或优于GB/T28375-2012混凝土结构防火涂料中隧道防火涂料的要求，是一种工艺稳定，实用性强、性能优异的水性隧道防火涂料。
最后说明的是，以上优选实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案而非限制，尽管通过上述优选实施例已经对本发明进行了详细的描述，但本领域技术人员应当理解，可以在形式上和细节上对其作出各种各样的改变，而不偏离本发明权利要求书所限定的范围。

Claims (7)

1.膨胀石墨粉水性隧道防火涂料，其特征在于，按质量份数计，所述涂料由以下组分组成：速溶胶粉10～20份；膨胀石墨粉30～35份；三聚氰胺5～10份；三聚磷酸铝45～55份；所述膨胀石墨粉粒度为50-100目。
2.根据权利要求1所述膨胀石墨粉水性隧道防火涂料，其特征在于，所述速溶胶粉包括醋丙速溶胶粉、苯丙速溶胶粉、硅丙速溶胶粉中的一种或几种。
3.根据权利要求1所述膨胀石墨粉水性隧道防火涂料，其特征在于，所述涂料由以下组分组成：速溶胶粉15份；膨胀石墨粉30份；三聚氰胺7份；三聚磷酸铝48份。
4.根据权利要求1所述膨胀石墨粉水性隧道防火涂料，其特征在于，所述涂料由以下组分组成：速溶胶粉20份；膨胀石墨粉35份；三聚氰胺10份；三聚磷酸铝55份。
5.权利要求1～4任一项所述膨胀石墨粉水性隧道防火涂料的使用方法，其特征在于，用水做分散介质将原材料组分按比例混合均匀，通过喷涂、辊涂、抹涂、刷涂方式进行施工。
6.根据权利要求5所述膨胀石墨粉水性隧道防火涂料的使用方法，其特征在于，水与原材料组分质量比为1:1。
7.根据权利要求5所述膨胀石墨粉水性隧道防火涂料的使用方法，其特征在于，施工前去除混凝土结构表面的不牢固成分。
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