CN111534181B - 一种水性超薄钢结构防火涂料及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种水性超薄钢结构防火涂料及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提出的是一种水性超薄钢结构防火涂料,其具体包括如下成份:(1)成膜物质:25%~35%;(2)脱水催化剂:10%~30%;(3)成炭剂:8%~25%;(4)发泡剂:5%~20%;(5)颜填料:1%~8%;(6)成膜助剂:0.5%~2%;(7)分散剂:0.5%~2%;(8)消泡剂:0.1%~1%;(9)流平剂:0.1%~1%;(10)去离子水:15%~35%;以上各成份所占比例均为质量百分比;所述颜填料中包含有不同结构的碳系填料;所述不同结构的碳系填料包括一维管状结构的碳系填料、二维层状结构的碳系填料、零维球状结构的碳系填料中的一种或若干种。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及的是一种水性超薄钢结构防火涂料及其制备方法,属于阻燃涂料技术领域。
背景技术
随着工业社会的飞速发展,各种钢结构建筑在高层建筑以及化工装置中被广泛应用;虽然钢结构建构筑物具有较高的强度及出色的抗震性,且施工方便、周期短,但是也存在诸多问题,例如耐火性能较差;钢材在火灾发生时候会迅速失去荷载能力而导致建构筑坍塌。
在钢结构表面涂覆防火涂料是一种有效的防火手段,且成本低廉、施工简单;当火灾发生时,防火涂料能够形成保护层,阻止火焰的传播及热量向内部结构的传递;同时分解出不燃气体来稀释氧气浓度,延长钢结构的耐火极限。
传统的溶剂型防火涂料含有的有机溶剂,遇到火灾时会释放有毒有害气体,不仅会对环境造成严重污染,还对被困人员的生命有巨大威胁;随着涂料向节能环保、高性能、多元化、专业化的方向发展,水性钢结构防火涂料凭借低污染的优势逐步替代溶剂型钢结构防火涂料,但是也存在附着力差、耐水性差等一系列问题。
现有水性钢结构防火涂料主要由以下几部分组成:①成膜物质,主要是将各组分与钢材黏结成一整体,并且附着在基材表面,目前使用较多的有聚醋酸乙烯乳液、氯偏乳液、聚丙烯酸酯乳液、硅丙乳液、苯丙乳液、环氧树脂、聚氨酯乳液、氟树脂乳液等;②脱水催化剂,一般为促使含羟基化合物脱水的物质,主要包括磷酸、聚磷酸等的盐、酯或酰胺类物质;③成炭剂,主要是一些含碳量较高的多元醇或多羟基化合物,如:淀粉、糊精、甘露醇、山梨醇、季戊四醇、双季戊四醇等等;④发泡剂,发泡剂一般为含氮的化合物,如双氰胺、蜜胺、三聚氰胺、甘氨酸、尿素、氯化石蜡等等,发泡剂的主要作用是遇热分解产生不燃性气体,在防火涂料受热过程中促进保护层的膨胀;⑤颜填料,颜填料主要用来增强防火涂料的性能并改变涂料的外观颜色,主要有蒙脱土、钛白粉、氧化锌、云母、硅藻土、海泡石、三氧化二梯、氧化锌等;⑥助剂,助剂可以提高涂料的理化性能,一般使用较多的有成膜助剂、分散剂、消泡剂、流平剂、防沉剂、增稠剂、增塑剂等等。
防火涂料的根据涂层厚度可以分为厚型防火涂料 (厚度8~45mm,耐火极限0.5~3h)、薄型防火涂料 (厚度3~7mm,耐火极限0.5~1.5h)和超薄型防火涂料 (厚度<3mm,耐火极限0.5~3h)。
目前针对防火涂料的改善一般着重于阻燃体系部分(脱水催化剂、成炭剂、发泡剂),但是关于碳系填料对于防火涂料性能的研究较少,虽然碳系填料在防火涂料中所占的含量较少,但是对防火涂料的防火性能、成炭效果、抑烟性能以及耐水性能有重大影响。
不同结构的碳系填料能够在防火涂料内形成不同类型的阻隔屏障,延长热量达到受保护钢材表面的时间和路程,减缓受保护钢材的温度上升速率;在防火涂料受热膨胀过程中,不同结构的碳系填料有助于提高防火涂料的膨胀倍率,对形成的无机膨胀层起到了防止坍陷、开裂的作用,从而达到较好的防火效果;不同结构的碳系填料对于在涂料的防火性能影响不同,如石墨烯的层状结构可以防止无机膨胀层表面开裂;碳纳米管可以起到连接支撑作用,防止无机膨胀层坍塌;可膨胀石墨可以增加无机膨胀层的膨胀倍率,达到高效隔绝热量的目的,富勒烯球状的结构能够增加防火涂料的摩擦等性能,延长防火涂料的使用寿命,并且同时能够增强无机膨胀层的致密性;因此将不同结构的碳系填料在复配使用时可以起到协同阻燃防火的作用,使防火涂料具有更为优异的性能。
发明内容
本发明提出的是一种水性超薄钢结构防火涂料及其制备方法,其目的旨在提升现有防火涂料的防火性能、高膨胀倍数、热稳定性、耐水性能、附着力。
本发明的技术解决方案:一种水性超薄钢结构防火涂料,其成份包含有不同结构的碳系填料;所述不同结构的碳系填料包括一维管状结构的碳系填料、二维层状结构的碳系填料、零维球状结构的碳系填料中的一种或若干种。
所述一种水性超薄钢结构防火涂料,其具体包括如下成份:
(1)成膜物质:25%~35%;
(2)脱水催化剂:10%~30%;
(3)成炭剂:8%~25%;
(4)发泡剂:5%~20%;
(5)颜填料:1%~8%;
(6)成膜助剂:0.5%~2%;
(7)分散剂:0.5%~2%;
(8)消泡剂:0.1%~1%;
(9)流平剂:0.1%~1%;
(10)水:15%~35%;
以上各成份所占比例均为质量百分比;所述颜填料中包含有不同结构的碳系填料;所述不同结构的碳系填料包括一维管状结构的碳系填料、二维层状结构的碳系填料、零维球状结构的碳系填料中的一种或若干种。
所述水性超薄钢结构防火涂料的制备方法,具体包括如下步骤:
(1)将不同结构的碳系填料和1/2的分散剂在水中使用超声波破碎仪进行超声分散30min,形成均一稳定的分散液,其中不同结构的碳系填料在分散剂的作用下形成不同的插层结构;
(2)在制备的分散液中加入聚磷酸铵、双季戊四醇、 三聚氰胺、钛白粉、蒙脱土、氢氧化铝,然后在高速分散机上以1500r/min的速度分散20min,最后加入成膜物质、成膜助剂、流平剂、消泡剂、剩余的1/2分散剂,以500r/min的速度分散20min,形成防火涂料;
(3)将制备的防火涂料在环境温度10℃~35℃下静置24小时后,装入密闭容器中。
本发明的有益效果:
(1)本发明具备优异的防火性能,同时还具有良好的热稳定性,在防火测试时候形成的无机层膨胀倍率较高,涂料的耐水性能也得到了增强;
(2)本发明产品施工方便,可用抹涂、刷涂、辊涂、刮涂等进行施工;
(3)本发明产品以水为分散介质,对环境污染比较小。
附图说明
附图1是进行防火涂料测试用的背温测试装置。
附图中1是铁支架台,2是酒精喷灯,3是试样,4是热成像仪,5是数据采集装置,6是计时器。
具体实施方式
一种水性超薄钢结构防火涂料,其成份包含有不同结构的碳系填料;所述不同结构的碳系填料为一维管状结构的碳系填料、二维层状结构的碳系填料、零维球状结构的碳系填料中的一种或若干种。
通过在水性超薄钢结构防火涂料中添加碳系填料,依靠碳系填料在防火涂料中的均匀分散而形成阻隔屏障,并且增加防火涂料的膨胀倍率,从而达到良好的防火性能、热稳定性、耐水性能,并且不同结构的碳系填料在经过超声分散后能够形成协同防火的稳定结构,进一步增强防火涂料的性能。
所述一种水性超薄钢结构防火涂料,其具体包含如下成份:
(1)成膜物质:25%~35%;
(2)脱水催化剂:10%~30%;
(3)成炭剂:8%~25%;
(4)发泡剂:5%~20%;
(5)颜填料:1%~8%;
(6)成膜助剂:0.5%~2%;
(7)分散剂:0.5%~2%;
(8)消泡剂:0.1%~1%;
(9)流平剂:0.1%~1%;
(10)水:15%~35%;
以上各成份所占比例均为质量百分比;所述颜填料中包含有不同结构的碳系填料;所述不同结构的碳系填料为一维管状结构的碳系填料、二维层状结构的碳系填料、零维球状结构的碳系填料中的一种或若干种。
所述成膜物质是聚醋酸乙烯乳液、氯偏乳液、聚丙烯酸酯乳液、硅丙乳液、苯丙乳液、环氧树脂、聚氨酯乳液、氟树脂乳液中的一种或若干种,优选聚丙烯酸酯乳液。
所述脱水催化剂是磷酸、碳酸氢铵、磷酸氢二铵、聚磷酸铵、甲酸和植物油酸中的一种或若干种,优选聚磷酸铵。
所述成炭剂是淀粉、糊精、甘露醇、山梨醇、季戊四醇、双季戊四醇中的一种或若干种,优选双季戊四醇。
所述发泡剂是三聚氰胺、双氰胺、蜜胺、三聚氰胺、甘氨酸、尿素、氯化石蜡中的一种或若干种,优选三聚氰胺。
所述颜填料是不同结构的碳系填料、蒙脱土、钛白粉、氧化锌、云母、硅藻土、海泡石、三氧化二梯、氧化锌、氢氧化铝、高岭土中的一种或若干种;优选所述颜填料包括不同结构的碳系填料、钛白粉、蒙脱土、氢氧化铝;在最终形成的水性超薄钢结构防火涂料的质量百分比中,不同结构的碳系填料质量百分比为1%、钛白粉质量百分比为2%、蒙脱土质量百分比为1%、氢氧化铝质量百分比为2%。
所述成膜助剂优选十二醇脂。
所述分散剂优选TEGO Dispers 750W。
所述消泡剂优选TEGO Foamex 815N。
所述流平剂优选TEGO Glide 450。
一种水性超薄钢结构防火涂料的制备方法,该制备方法包括如下步骤:
(1)将不同结构的碳系填料以及1/2的分散剂在水中使用超声波破碎仪进行超声分散30min,形成均一稳定的分散液,其中不同结构的碳系填料在分散剂的作用下形成不同的插层结构;
(2)在制备的分散液中加入聚磷酸铵、双季戊四醇、 三聚氰胺、钛白粉、蒙脱土、氢氧化铝,然后在高速分散机上以1500r/min的速度分散20min,最后加入成膜物质、成膜助剂、流平剂、消泡剂、剩余的1/2分散剂,以500r/min的速度分散20min,形成防火涂料;
(3)将制备的防火涂料在环境温度10℃~35℃下静置24小时后,装入密闭容器中。
所述不同结构的碳系填料为不同结构的碳系材料;所述不同结构的碳系材料为可膨胀石墨、石墨烯、碳纳米管、富勒烯中的一种或两种或若干种;优选所述不同结构的碳系填料由石墨烯和碳纳米管组成,其中,石墨烯和碳纳米管的质量比为3:1或1:1或1:3;通过将石墨烯和碳纳米管组成的碳系填料填充到水性超薄钢结构防火涂料中,由于石墨烯和碳纳米管属于具有不同结构的碳系材料,依靠石墨烯的二维层状结构和碳纳米管的一维管状结构在水性超薄钢结构防火涂料中的均匀分散后形成了不同类型的多重阻隔屏障,从而达到良好的防火性能、热稳定性、耐水性能。
不同结构的碳系材料作为填料添加到防火涂料中,可以形成协同阻燃防火效果以及稳定的热循环系统;如添加石墨烯和碳纳米管的防火涂料,碳纳米管可以作为石墨烯层与层间的支撑,不仅避免石墨烯层与层间的不断堆叠形成团聚,同时可以形成稳定的热循环系统,加快涂料的散热,达到优异的防火性能。
碳系材料在水中分散性较差,为了解决这个问题,在制备过程中使用超声破碎仪和分散剂,预制碳系材料水溶液,达到在涂料中分散良好的状态,同时使碳系材料在水溶液中形成不同的插层结构。
本发明为了解决碳系填料分散性的问题使用超声波破碎配合分散剂进行超声分散,能够制备出分散性较好的分散液体。
所述一种水性超薄钢结构防火涂料适用于在钢结构建材表面形成2mm或2mm以下厚度的涂层、且需要防火的环境中,用于降低钢结构建材的升温速度;相对于未添加碳系填料的防火涂料,本发明通过添加不同结构的碳系填料制备的一种水性超薄钢结构防火涂料,本发明水性超薄钢结构防火涂料在钢板表面形成涂层后,在同样的加热情况下,通过水性超薄钢结构防火涂料防火后能时使钢板背温升高速度降低30%以上,形成良好的防火性能;本发明除具有良好的防火性能外、还具有良好的热稳定性、耐水性能等。
实施例1
对于本发明的一种水性超薄钢结构防火涂料,通过以下方式进行防火性能测试、热稳定性测试、耐水性测定、附着力测定。
(1)防火性能测试:
防火涂料测试使用自行设计的背温测试装置检测防火涂层的耐火性能,测试时间为30min,根据测试结束后钢板背面的温度评估防火涂料的防火性能。
自制的实验装置如附图1所示,其中钢板上防火涂料形成的涂层面向酒精喷灯,涂层与喷灯口的距离保持70mm的距离;钢板采用Q235钢板,Q235钢板背温采用k型热电偶进行测量,热电偶上遮盖保温棉,使用数据采集装置记录。
防火涂料形成的涂层经过耐火测试后,无机膨胀层的膨胀系数(N)计算公式如下:
其中,d 0 为钢板厚度,d 1 为防火试验前试样厚度,d 2 为试验后试样厚度;试样厚度为钢板厚度加涂层厚度。
(2)热稳定性测试:
采用TG-DSC NETZSCH STA 449F3分析仪在氮气气氛下,以20℃/min的升温速率,从室温升温至800OC,进行热失重分析和差示扫描量热分析,研究防火涂料的失重过程。
(3)耐水性测定:
按照GB/T1733-1993标准,使用石蜡和松香(质量比为1:1)熔融态混合物将试样封边,封边宽度≤5mm,待混合物完全固化后继续养护24小时;测试时将涂有涂料的样品2/3面积浸没在蒸馏水中,敞口放置,24小时观察一次,并记录重量,涂膜仍完好无损,或者取出后可基本恢复原状,涂膜的耐水性合格,在烘箱内烘干12小时后,继续进行耐水性实验;涂层的失重率(I)按下式计算:
其中M 1 为耐水试验前涂层的重量,M 2 为耐水试验后涂层的重量。
(4)附着力测定
附着力按照国标GB/T9286-1998方法测定,在马口铁测试片上涂覆涂层,然后使用百格刀在涂层上割划形成网格,用3M透明胶带粘住网格用手压实,在垂直方向迅速扯下胶带,使用放大镜观察网格破损状态,记录结果。
实施例2
一种水性超薄钢结构防火涂料,其具体成份组成如下:
(1)成膜物质:25%~35%;
(2)脱水催化剂:10%~30%;
(3)成炭剂:8%~25%;
(4)发泡剂:5%~20%;
(5)颜填料:1%~8%;
(6)成膜助剂:0.5%~2%;
(7)分散剂:0.5%~2%;
(8)消泡剂:0.1%~1%;
(9)流平剂:0.1%~1%;
(10)水:15%~35%;
以上各成份所占比例均为质量百分比;所述颜填料中包含有不同结构的碳系填料。
所述成膜物质是聚丙烯酸酯乳液。
所述脱水催化剂是聚磷酸铵。
所述成炭剂是双季戊四醇。
所述发泡剂是三聚氰胺。
所述颜填料是由不同结构的碳系填料、钛白粉、蒙脱土、氢氧化铝组成;在最终形成的水性超薄钢结构防火涂料的质量百分比中,不同结构的碳系填料质量百分比为1%、钛白粉质量百分比为2%、蒙脱土质量百分比为1%、氢氧化铝质量百分比为2%。
所述成膜助剂优选十二醇脂。
所述分散剂优选TEGO Dispers 750W。
所述消泡剂优选TEGO Foamex 815N。
所述流平剂优选TEGO Glide 450。
所述不同结构的碳系填料由石墨烯和碳纳米管组成,其中,石墨烯和碳纳米管的质量比为3:1。
通过实施例1中的测试方法对实施例2中的一种水性超薄钢结构防火涂料的性能进行分析测试;实施例2中的一种水性超薄钢结构防火涂料适用于在钢结构建材表面形成2mm厚度的涂层;当在防火涂料中未添加碳系填料时,30min后涂覆防火涂料钢板背温高达420oC,无机膨胀层膨胀倍率为5.1,残余重量为28.12%,经过360h耐水实验后涂料失重29.02%,附着力为等级3;同样测试条件下,实施例2中的一种水性超薄钢结构防火涂料添加有不同结构的碳系填料,30min后涂覆水性超薄钢结构防火涂料的钢板背温降至289.8oC,无机膨胀层膨胀倍率为11.02,残余重量为40.54%,经过360h耐水实验后涂料失重13.37%,附着力为等级1。
Claims (4)
1.一种水性超薄钢结构防火涂料,其特征是包括如下成份:
(1)成膜物质:25%~35%;
(2)脱水催化剂:10%~30%;
(3)成炭剂:8%~25%;
(4)发泡剂:5%~20%;
(5)颜填料:1%~8%;
(6)成膜助剂:0.5%~2%;
(7)分散剂:0.5%~2%;
(8)消泡剂:0.1%~1%;
(9)流平剂:0.1%~1%;
(10)去离子水:15%~35%;
以上各成份所占比例均为质量百分比;
所述成膜物质是聚醋酸乙烯乳液、氯偏乳液、聚丙烯酸酯乳液、硅丙乳液、苯丙乳液、环氧树脂、聚氨酯乳液、氟树脂乳液中的一种或若干种;所述脱水催化剂是磷酸、碳酸氢铵、磷酸氢二铵、聚磷酸铵、甲酸和植物油酸中的一种或若干种;所述成炭剂是淀粉、糊精、甘露醇、山梨醇、季戊四醇、双季戊四醇中的一种或若干种;所述发泡剂是三聚氰胺、双氰胺、蜜胺、三聚氰胺、甘氨酸、尿素、氯化石蜡中的一种或若干种;
所述成膜助剂是十二醇脂;所述分散剂是TEGO Dispers 750W;所述消泡剂是TEGOFoamex 815N;所述流平剂是TEGO Glide 450;
所述颜填料包括不同结构的碳系填料、钛白粉、蒙脱土、氢氧化铝;在最终形成的水性超薄钢结构防火涂料的质量百分比中,不同结构的碳系填料质量百分比为1%、钛白粉质量百分比为2%、蒙脱土质量百分比为1%、氢氧化铝质量百分比为2%;
所述不同结构的碳系填料包括一维管状结构的碳系填料、二维层状结构的碳系填料、零维球状结构的碳系填料中的两种以上;
所述水性超薄钢结构防火涂料适用于在钢结构建材表面形成2mm或2mm以下厚度的涂层、且需要防火的环境中,用于降低钢结构建材的升温速度。
2.制备如权利要求1所述的一种水性超薄钢结构防火涂料的方法,其特征是该方法包括如下步骤:
(1)将不同结构的碳系填料以及1/2的分散剂在水中使用超声波破碎仪进行超声分散30min,形成均一稳定的分散液,其中不同结构的碳系填料在分散剂的作用下形成不同的插层结构;
(2)在制备的分散液中加入聚磷酸铵、双季戊四醇、三聚氰胺、钛白粉、蒙脱土、氢氧化铝,然后在高速分散机上以1500r/min的速度分散20min,最后加入成膜物质、成膜助剂、流平剂、消泡剂、剩余的1/2分散剂,以500r/min的速度分散20min,形成防火涂料;
(3)将制备的防火涂料在环境温度10℃~35℃下静置24小时后,装入密闭容器中。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种水性超薄钢结构防火涂料,其特征是所述不同结构的碳系填料为可膨胀石墨、石墨烯、碳纳米管、富勒烯中的两种以上的组合。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种水性超薄钢结构防火涂料,其特征是所述不同结构的碳系填料由石墨烯和碳纳米管组成,其中,石墨烯和碳纳米管的质量比为3:1或1:1或1:3。
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