CN108033970B - 一种酸浆活性提取物及提取方法与应用 - Google Patents
一种酸浆活性提取物及提取方法与应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种酸浆活性提取物及提取方法与应用。本发明将酸浆全草干燥，粉碎，过筛，用醇溶液提取，过滤，得到酸浆醇总提取液；接着将酸浆醇总提取液进行减压浓缩至恒重，得到浆状物；然后依次用环己烷、乙酸乙酯萃取，得到的乙酸乙酯提取物为酸浆活性提取物。本发明证实该酸浆活性提取物具有较好的抗炎作用。酸浆分布广泛，易于得到；将该酸浆活性提取物应用于制备抗炎药物，制备方法简单，成本较低，符合药物发展的要求。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于天然药物化学领域，特别涉及一种以酸浆为原料得到的具有抗炎活性的活性的提取物及提取方法与应用。
背景技术
(一)酸浆的研究概况
1、概述
茄科(Solanaceae)酸浆属(Physalis L.)植物,在世界上分布广泛，有120多种，主要生长于温带和美洲热带地区，少部分分布于东南亚和欧亚大陆。
酸浆属植物在我国很多地区都有存在，主要有7个种(5种2变种)：1.欧亚酸浆(P.alkekengi L.)，又称酸浆，生长于我国中部地区的空旷地或山坡，主要分布在吉林、山东、河北、云南、贵州、四川、湖南、湖北、甘肃、陕西和河南等地；2.挂金灯[欧亚酸浆的变种，P.alkekengi L.var.franchetii(Mast.)Makino]，也常被称为酸浆，俗名姑娘果、锦灯笼、红姑娘、天泡、泡泡草等，在我国分布十分广泛，常生长在田野、山坡、林下、草地等地，除西藏未有发现外，其他各省区均有分布；3.苦蘵(P.angulata L.)，俗称灯笼草、灯笼泡等，主要分布在我国的华南、西南以及华东等地；4.毛苦蘵(苦蘵的变种，P.angulata L.)，主要分布于我国的江西、湖北、四川、贵州及云南等西南地区；5.灯笼果(P.peruxiana L)，俗称小果酸浆，主要生长于我国的云南、广东等地；6.毛酸浆(P.pubescens L.)，又称洋姑娘，主要分布于我国的吉林、黑龙江、辽宁、新疆等地；7.小酸浆(P.minima L.)分布在我国的四川、云南、广西和广东等地。
酸浆(P.alkekengi L.var.franchetii(Mast.)Makino)作为常用中草药，已被《中华人民共和国药典》收录，始载于《神农本草经》，在《本草纲目》、《新修本草》和《本草目录拾遗》中也均有收录。本品味酸苦、性寒，具有清热解毒、强心镇痛、利尿、利咽、化痰等作用，常用于治疗热咳、喑哑、咽痛、痢疾、黄疸、小便不利、水肿等症状。此外，酸浆的果实味道甘甜可口，可以作为水果食用。
2、化学成分研究
对酸浆属植物的化学成分研究，可以追溯到1969年。酸浆属植物的化学成分十分丰富，至今国内外的很多学者在该属植物的全草、果实、宿萼和茎叶等部分共分离得到了一百多个化合物，根据其结构类型可以分为甾体类(主要包括酸浆苦素类以及睡茄内酯类)、倍半萜类、黄酮类、甾醇及三萜类、生物碱类、色素类、脂类和有机酸类、氨基酸以及多糖等成分。
甾体类化合物是酸浆属植物中数量最多、种类最丰富的一类化合物，并且有研究表明此类化合物具有很强的生物活性，所以此类化合物一直是本属植物化学研究的热点。在本属植物中分离得到的甾体类化合物通常都具有麦角甾烷的骨架，又根据化合物取代基的位置、类型、数目以及侧链是否成环等特点，将其分为3个类型，具体如下：(I)酸浆苦素类(physalin type)；(II)新酸浆苦素类(neophysalin type)；(III)睡茄内酯类(withanolide)。
3、药理作用研究
本属植物在我国分布较广，在世界上许多地方和地区都具有广泛的应用。本属植物在民间常被用来治疗类风湿性关节炎、皮炎、前列腺炎以及上呼吸道感染感染等疾病。现代药理研究表明酸浆属植物具有抗肿瘤、抗炎、降血糖、降血脂、抗寄生虫、抗氧化、抗菌以及强心等方面的诸多生物活性。亦有文献报道本属植物的提取物或在其中分离得到的单体有降血脂、抗疟、强心、免疫调节、止咳镇喘、阵痛以及抗过敏等作用。
酸浆属植物的化学成分种类和数量都非常丰富、药理活性也十分广泛。除在临床药用方面具有广泛的开发和应用前景外，在食用和工业方面也有着非凡的价值。
(二)炎症的研究概述
炎症，即具血管系统的活体组织对外源性以及内源性刺激所做的防御反应。血管的反应是整个炎症过程的中心环节。在生理情况下，炎症可以排除外源性的刺激，杀伤、杀死病原体微生物，对机体是有利的；但是长期的炎症反应是有害的，参与到许多疾病(如前列腺炎、感染性休克、二型糖尿病、脓毒症及感染性休克等)的病理进程。前炎症的因子有:COX-2，TNF-α，白介素(IL)以及组胺等。
TNF-α，即α肿瘤坏死因，由活化的巨噬细胞产生，具有多种生物学活性，可以导致肿瘤细胞死亡，调节机体的免疫功能。同时，TNF-α与多种疾病的发生密切相关，是促发炎症反应的一种因子。
白介素，即白细胞介素，是在免疫细胞或白细胞间互相作用的淋巴因子，在传递信息，介导T、B细胞活化、增殖和分化，激活、调节免疫细胞的过程中发挥重要的作用。同时，也是一种促发炎症反应的因子。
NO在炎症的发生，级联反应过程，尤其在炎症的发生及信号传导中起到了关键的调节作用。少量的NO具有一定的抗炎作用。但过量的NO会引起多种炎症的发生发展，溃疡性结肠炎、二型糖尿病、关节炎、帕金森综合症以及感染性休克等。
巨噬细胞在炎性反应过程的中发挥着重要的作用，能够通过产生多种不同的细胞因子和炎症介质，直接或间接参与各种炎症性疾病的反应过程，当受到细胞外LPS等炎性刺激后，产生应答启动细胞内一系列信号蛋白的激活引起级联反应，调控炎症的发生发展。因而常利用LPS诱导建立巨噬细胞(RAW264.7)的炎症模型来研究药物的抗炎作用和机制。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题在于提供一种预防和治疗炎症的活性提取物的提取方法。该提取方法以酸浆为原料。
本发明的目的通过下述技术方案实现：
一种酸浆活性提取物，所述的提取物至少含有化合物1-6，化合物1-6的化学结构如图1所示。
所述的酸浆活性提取物的制备方法，优选包含如下步骤：将酸浆粉碎过筛，用醇溶液提取，过滤，得到醇总提取液，浓缩，得到酸浆活性提取物。。
所述的醇溶液优选为乙醇溶液或甲醇溶液。
所述的乙醇溶液优选的浓度为体积百分比为60％～100％。
所述的甲醇溶液优选的浓度为体积百分比为60％～100％。
所述的提取的方式为超声、渗漉或加热回流中的一种。
所述加热回流的条件优选为在65～80℃进行。
所述的提取优选至少提取3次，每次提取1～2h。
所述的酸浆活性提取物的制备方法中浓缩步骤：将醇总提取液依次用环己烷、乙酸乙酯萃取，将乙酸乙酯提取液浓缩。
本发明还提供一种所述的酸浆活性提取物在抗炎药物中的应用。本发明还提供一种酸浆活性提取物的提取方法，具体为将酸浆原药材干燥、粉碎、过80目筛，用体积百分比为95％的乙醇于室温下进行渗漉提取3次，每次2小时，过滤，得到总提取液：将总提取液减压蒸馏至干燥得到总提物，将此总提物混悬于去离子水中，依次用环己烷、乙酸乙酯萃取，得到乙酸乙酯提取液，然后将乙酸乙酯提取液减压浓缩至恒重，得到浆状物，即乙酸乙酯提取物。
本发明相对于现有技术相比的有益效果：
(1)酸浆(Caesalpinia minax Hance)，主要分布在吉林、山东、河北、云南、贵州、四川、湖南、湖北、甘肃、陕西和河南等地，分布较广泛，易于得到；
(2)发明人发现酸浆提取物具有较好的抗炎作用，特别是活性的乙酸乙酯提取部位具有强大的抗炎作用。本发明所述的酸浆活性提取物制备方法简单，成本较低；
(3)将酸浆活性提取物应用于制备预防和治疗炎症的药物，高效低毒，符合药物发展的要求。
附图说明
图1是化合物1-6的结构图。
图2是对比实施例1得到的酸浆甲醇总提取物和乙醇总提取物的HPLC谱图。其中：
A为酸浆乙醇总提取物的HPLC谱图；
B为酸浆甲醇总提取物的HPLC谱图。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例及附图对本发明作进一步详细的描述，但本发明的实施方式不限于此。
实施例1
(1)酸浆活性提取物的制备
将酸浆原药材(10kg，市售)干燥，粉碎，过80目筛，用体积百分比为95％的乙醇于室温下进行渗漉提取3次，每次2小时，过滤，得到总提取液：将总提取液减压蒸馏至干燥得到总提物(664g)，将此总提物混悬于去离子水中，依次用环己烷、乙酸乙酯萃取，最终得到乙酸乙酯提取液。然后将乙酸乙酯提取液减压浓缩至恒重，得到浆状物，即乙酸乙酯提取物(活性提取物，151.52g)。先用环己烷进行萃取的目的是减少总提取物中的小极性杂质。
(2)对步骤(1)得到的活性提取物进行分析
用色谱法和波谱分析法对酸浆活性部位的主要成分进行分析和鉴定，确定其甾体主要为：physalin B(化合物1)，isophysalin B(化合物2)，physalin D(化合物3)，physalin L(化合物4)，physalin M(化合物5)，physalisitin A(化合物6)。化合物1～6的结构如式1～6所示，波谱数据如下：
化合物1：无色晶体，
IR(KBr)νmax:3431,1733cm-1；ESI-MS:m/z 533[M+Na]+,1043[2M+Na]+。
化合物2：白色粉末，
IR(KBr)νmax:3434,1723cm-1；ESI-MS:m/z 533[M+Na]+,1043[2M+Na]+。
化合物3：无定形粉末，
IR(KBr)νmax:3534,1735cm-1；ESI-MS:m/z 567[M+Na]+,1111[2M+Na]+)。
化合物4：无定形粉末，
IR(KBr)νmax:3498,1715cm-1；ESI-MS:m/z 551[M+Na]+,1079[2M+Na]+。
化合物5：白色粉末，
IR(KBr)νmax:3514,1731cm-1；ESI-MS:m/z 535[M+Na]+,1047[2M+Na]+。
化合物6：淡黄色油状物，
UV(MeOH)λmax：242nm；IR(KBr)νmax:3441cm-1；HR-ESI-MS m/z＝275.1605([M+Na]+；calcd for C15H24O3Na:275.1623)，ESI-MS:m/z 252[M+H]+,274[M+Na]+。
化合物1-6的结构图如图1。
(3)对步骤(1)得到的活性提取物的抗炎作用进行检测
检测酸浆乙酸乙酯部位(活性提取物)对巨噬细胞(RAW264.7)TNF-α、IL-1β、NO的影响，具体如下：取对数生长期且状态良好的巨噬细胞，吹打消化，计数1.5×106个/ml，以100μl/孔接种于96孔板之中,分别设空白组、LPS模型组、酸浆乙酸乙酯部位高、中、低剂量实验组，待细胞贴壁生长后，吸掉旧的培养基，对细胞进行造模及加药处理，分别加入酸浆活性提取物(终浓度为90.00μg/mL、60.00μg/mL、30.00μg/mL)的DMEM完全培养基；空白组加入等量的培养基，完成后，细胞置于37℃、5％的CO2细胞培养箱中培养。培养36h后，收集细胞培养液上清，严格按照鼠TNF-α、IL-1βELISA试剂盒操作说明书检测上清中的TNF-α、IL-1β含量；Griess法检测NO水平，振荡、混匀，在酶标仪上，用450nm波长检测，最后根据标准曲线计算各活性因子的含量。结果用SPSS软件处理。
实验结果：如表1所示，LPS作用于RAW264.7细胞后，细胞上清液中的TNF-α、IL-1β和NO含量明显增加，各剂量酸浆乙酸乙酯部位均能降低模型组TNF-α、IL-1β和NO含量，表明酸浆乙酸乙酯部位(活性提取物)有较好的抗炎活性。
表1 酸浆乙酸乙酯部位(活性提取物)对LPS诱导的巨噬细胞产生TNF-α、IL-1β、NO的影响
注：*P<0.05，**P<0.05(酸浆乙酸乙酯组与LPS模型组比较)；##P<0.01(正常对照组与LPS模型组比较)
对比实施例1
酸浆乙醇提取物和甲醇提取物的比较
(1)样品制备
取2份酸浆原药材各10，粉碎，过80目筛，分别用20ml甲醇和乙醇超声提取1小时，提取液用0.22μm微孔滤膜过滤，滤液取20μL注入HPLC进行分析。
(2)分析条件
采用HP1100仪器系统，反相色谱柱(150×4.6mm，3μm；Alltech，USA)，流动相：水(A)和甲醇(B)。梯度洗脱系统：0～15min：10％→25％B；15～50min：25％→100％B；50～55min：100％B；55～60min:100％→10％B。流速：1ml/min，检测波长：254nm。
(3)分析结果
结果如图2所示，酸浆甲醇提取物和乙醇提取物的主要色谱峰保留时间基本一致，说明它们的化学成分非常接近。
上述实施例为本发明较佳的实施方式，但本发明的实施方式并不受上述实施例的限制，其他的任何未背离本发明的精神实质与原理下所作的改变、修饰、替代、组合、简化，均应为等效的置换方式，都包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (1)
1.一种酸浆活性提取物在制备抗炎药物中的应用，其特征在于，所述酸浆活性提取物的制备方法，包含如下步骤：
将酸浆粉碎过筛，用乙醇溶液或甲醇溶液提取，过滤，得到醇总提取液，浓缩，得到酸浆活性提取物；
所述的乙醇溶液的体积百分比为60％～100％，所述的甲醇溶液的体积百分比为60％～100％；
所述的提取的方式为超声、渗漉或加热回流中的一种；
所述加热回流的条件为在65～80℃进行；
所述的提取至少提取3次，每次提取1～2h；
所述的酸浆活性提取物的制备方法中浓缩步骤：将醇总提取液依次用环己烷、乙酸乙酯萃取，将乙酸乙酯提取液浓缩。
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| Characterization of physalins and fingerprint analysis for the quality evaluation of Physalis alkekengi L. var. franchetii by ultra-performance liquid chromatography combined with diode array detection and electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry;Yunliang Zheng，等;《Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis》;20120824;第71卷;摘要，第54页左栏第一段，第55页右栏最后一段，第56页fig.1 * |
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