CN108029595A - 一种提高鲤鱼肌肉中dha和epa的饲料及喂养方法 - Google Patents
一种提高鲤鱼肌肉中dha和epa的饲料及喂养方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN108029595A CN108029595A CN201711228831.4A CN201711228831A CN108029595A CN 108029595 A CN108029595 A CN 108029595A CN 201711228831 A CN201711228831 A CN 201711228831A CN 108029595 A CN108029595 A CN 108029595A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- epa
- feed
- dha
- carp
- muscle
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 241000252233 Cyprinus carpio Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 46
- 210000003205 muscle Anatomy 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 235000017166 Bambusa arundinacea Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 235000017491 Bambusa tulda Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 241001330002 Bambuseae Species 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 235000015334 Phyllostachys viridis Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000011425 bamboo Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000003610 charcoal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 230000000474 nursing effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000004459 forage Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000020673 eicosapentaenoic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 30
- 235000019688 fish Nutrition 0.000 description 9
- 239000011782 vitamin Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229940088594 vitamin Drugs 0.000 description 8
- 241000251468 Actinopterygii Species 0.000 description 7
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229930003231 vitamin Natural products 0.000 description 6
- 235000013343 vitamin Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 150000003722 vitamin derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 5
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 235000020777 polyunsaturated fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005119 centrifugation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 3
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 210000003292 kidney cell Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 235000020660 omega-3 fatty acid Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 150000004671 saturated fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 3
- YBJHBAHKTGYVGT-ZKWXMUAHSA-N (+)-Biotin Chemical compound N1C(=O)N[C@@H]2[C@H](CCCCC(=O)O)SC[C@@H]21 YBJHBAHKTGYVGT-ZKWXMUAHSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GVJHHUAWPYXKBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N (±)-α-Tocopherol Chemical compound OC1=C(C)C(C)=C2OC(CCCC(C)CCCC(C)CCCC(C)C)(C)CCC2=C1C GVJHHUAWPYXKBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N Ascorbic acid Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000276701 Oreochromis mossambicus Species 0.000 description 2
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- JAZBEHYOTPTENJ-JLNKQSITSA-N all-cis-5,8,11,14,17-icosapentaenoic acid Chemical compound CC\C=C/C\C=C/C\C=C/C\C=C/C\C=C/CCCC(O)=O JAZBEHYOTPTENJ-JLNKQSITSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000009360 aquaculture Methods 0.000 description 2
- 244000144974 aquaculture Species 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229960005135 eicosapentaenoic acid Drugs 0.000 description 2
- JAZBEHYOTPTENJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N eicosapentaenoic acid Natural products CCC=CCC=CCC=CCC=CCC=CCCCC(O)=O JAZBEHYOTPTENJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- OVBPIULPVIDEAO-LBPRGKRZSA-N folic acid Chemical compound C=1N=C2NC(N)=NC(=O)C2=NC=1CNC1=CC=C(C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(O)=O)C=C1 OVBPIULPVIDEAO-LBPRGKRZSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000013505 freshwater Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229940012843 omega-3 fatty acid Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- YUFFSWGQGVEMMI-JLNKQSITSA-N (7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-docosapentaenoic acid Chemical compound CC\C=C/C\C=C/C\C=C/C\C=C/C\C=C/CCCCCC(O)=O YUFFSWGQGVEMMI-JLNKQSITSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GHOKWGTUZJEAQD-ZETCQYMHSA-N (D)-(+)-Pantothenic acid Chemical compound OCC(C)(C)[C@@H](O)C(=O)NCCC(O)=O GHOKWGTUZJEAQD-ZETCQYMHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FPIPGXGPPPQFEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 13-cis retinol Natural products OCC=C(C)C=CC=C(C)C=CC1=C(C)CCCC1(C)C FPIPGXGPPPQFEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010002091 Anaesthesia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000972773 Aulopiformes Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000345998 Calamus manan Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910021580 Cobalt(II) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019750 Crude protein Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000252210 Cyprinidae Species 0.000 description 1
- ZZZCUOFIHGPKAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N D-erythro-ascorbic acid Natural products OCC1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O ZZZCUOFIHGPKAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000021294 Docosapentaenoic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- SQUHHTBVTRBESD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hexa-Ac-myo-Inositol Natural products CC(=O)OC1C(OC(C)=O)C(OC(C)=O)C(OC(C)=O)C(OC(C)=O)C1OC(C)=O SQUHHTBVTRBESD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000165940 Houjia Species 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241001539077 Hyperoglyphe perciformis Species 0.000 description 1
- 206010020772 Hypertension Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010061218 Inflammation Diseases 0.000 description 1
- OVBPIULPVIDEAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Pteroyl-L-glutaminsaeure Natural products C=1N=C2NC(N)=NC(=O)C2=NC=1CNC1=CC=C(C(=O)NC(CCC(O)=O)C(O)=O)C=C1 OVBPIULPVIDEAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000276703 Oreochromis niloticus Species 0.000 description 1
- FPIPGXGPPPQFEQ-BOOMUCAASA-N Vitamin A Natural products OC/C=C(/C)\C=C\C=C(\C)/C=C/C1=C(C)CCCC1(C)C FPIPGXGPPPQFEQ-BOOMUCAASA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229930003268 Vitamin C Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 229930003316 Vitamin D Natural products 0.000 description 1
- QYSXJUFSXHHAJI-XFEUOLMDSA-N Vitamin D3 Natural products C1(/[C@@H]2CC[C@@H]([C@]2(CCC1)C)[C@H](C)CCCC(C)C)=C/C=C1\C[C@@H](O)CCC1=C QYSXJUFSXHHAJI-XFEUOLMDSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229930003427 Vitamin E Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 235000019742 Vitamins premix Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- FPIPGXGPPPQFEQ-OVSJKPMPSA-N all-trans-retinol Chemical compound OC\C=C(/C)\C=C\C=C(/C)\C=C\C1=C(C)CCCC1(C)C FPIPGXGPPPQFEQ-OVSJKPMPSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001949 anaesthesia Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000037005 anaesthesia Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000540 analysis of variance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229960002685 biotin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000020958 biotin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011616 biotin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008280 blood Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000004369 blood Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000004204 blood vessel Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000037396 body weight Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000004556 brain Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012159 carrier gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000010261 cell growth Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000003850 cellular structure Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229910052927 chalcanthite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960001231 choline Drugs 0.000 description 1
- OEYIOHPDSNJKLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N choline Chemical compound C[N+](C)(C)CCO OEYIOHPDSNJKLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004587 chromatography analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005352 clarification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009514 concussion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 208000029078 coronary artery disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 235000019784 crude fat Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- CYQFCXCEBYINGO-IAGOWNOFSA-N delta1-THC Chemical compound C1=C(C)CC[C@H]2C(C)(C)OC3=CC(CCCCC)=CC(O)=C3[C@@H]21 CYQFCXCEBYINGO-IAGOWNOFSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004438 eyesight Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000019197 fats Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000021323 fish oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000796 flavoring agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019634 flavors Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229960000304 folic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000019152 folic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011724 folic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- WIGCFUFOHFEKBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N gamma-tocopherol Natural products CC(C)CCCC(C)CCCC(C)CCCC1CCC2C(C)C(O)C(C)C(C)C2O1 WIGCFUFOHFEKBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004817 gas chromatography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000002175 goblet cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000003642 hunger Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000004054 inflammatory process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229960000367 inositol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- CDAISMWEOUEBRE-GPIVLXJGSA-N inositol Chemical compound O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H]1O CDAISMWEOUEBRE-GPIVLXJGSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000968 intestinal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000366 juvenile effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002617 leukotrienes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000357 manganese(II) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SQQMAOCOWKFBNP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(II) sulfate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O SQQMAOCOWKFBNP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000013372 meat Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000320 mechanical mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052603 melanterite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000021281 monounsaturated fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 210000000653 nervous system Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000005121 nitriding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000006014 omega-3 oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940014662 pantothenate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000019161 pantothenic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011713 pantothenic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004965 peroxy acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010773 plant oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000021085 polyunsaturated fats Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- CASUWPDYGGAUQV-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium;methanol;hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+].OC CASUWPDYGGAUQV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 244000144977 poultry Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002516 radical scavenger Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012950 rattan cane Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000001525 retina Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 201000003068 rheumatic fever Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000019515 salmon Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000003441 saturated fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- CDAISMWEOUEBRE-UHFFFAOYSA-N scyllo-inosotol Natural products OC1C(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)C1O CDAISMWEOUEBRE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000008159 sesame oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011803 sesame oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000010561 standard procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000037351 starvation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006228 supernatant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 208000011580 syndromic disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 210000001519 tissue Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 235000021122 unsaturated fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000004670 unsaturated fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000019155 vitamin A Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011719 vitamin A Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019154 vitamin C Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011718 vitamin C Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019166 vitamin D Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011710 vitamin D Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003710 vitamin D derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000019165 vitamin E Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940046009 vitamin E Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000011709 vitamin E Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940045997 vitamin a Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940046008 vitamin d Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910000368 zinc sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc sulfate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000011686 zinc sulphate Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/10—Culture of aquatic animals of fish
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/80—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for aquatic animals, e.g. fish, crustaceans or molluscs
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Birds (AREA)
- Insects & Arthropods (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Acyclic And Carbocyclic Compounds In Medicinal Compositions (AREA)
Abstract
本发明公开了一种提高鲤鱼肌肉中DHA和EPA的饲料及喂养方法，通过在饲料中添加了含量为4%的竹炭，显著提高了鲤鱼肌肉中的DHA和EPA，喂养鲤鱼的方法，按照每天5次人工投喂的方式进喂养，喂养过程中保持水温23‑33℃，pH7.32‑7.63，溶解氧浓度为4.7‑7.93 mg L‑1，通过喂养63天后进行对比发现，添加4%竹炭喂养后鲤鱼肌肉中DHA和EPA分别提高了32.7%和33.4%。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于鱼类养殖领域，具体涉及一种提高鲤鱼肌肉中DHA和EPA的饲料及喂养方法。
背景技术
DHA，俗称脑黄金，属于ω-3不饱和脂肪酸家族中的重要成员。DHA是神经系统细胞生长及维持的一种主要成分，是大脑和视网膜的重要构成成分，因此，对胎婴儿智力和视力发育至关重要。EPA是Eicosapentaenoic Acid即二十碳五烯酸的英文缩写，是鱼油的主要成分，常称血管清道夫。EPA属于Ω-3系列多不饱和脂肪酸，虽然亚麻酸在人体内可以转化为EPA，但此反应在人体中的速度很慢且转化量很少，远远不能满足人体对EPA的需要，因此必须从食物中直接补充。EPA是人体常用的几种Ω-3脂肪酸之一。Ω-3脂肪酸的主要来源是冷水鱼(例如野生鲑鱼)、稀有植物油(例如巴马火麻油、星油藤油)。增加EPA的吸收已经证实对治疗冠状动脉心脏病、高血压和炎症(例如风湿性关节炎)有效。由于市场上的EPA和DHA营养品价格昂贵，超过普通老百姓的购买力，常常用来送礼而无法自己享用，因此能够有物美价廉的食物来补充DHA和EPA将是一个非常重要的解决途径。
鲤鱼(Oreochromis mossambicus×O.niloticus)是经多代选育繁衍而成的优良品种。鲤鱼的味道鲜美，无肌间刺，受食客们的喜爱。鲤鱼目前在沿海和池塘和网箱养殖量比较大，但是鲤鱼的市场价格较低，科技附加值较低。因此，通过提高鲤鱼肌肉中DHA和EPA的含量将有助于鲤鱼产业的发展和市场价值的提高，也可以让普通百姓能够经常摄取到DHA和EPA，提高他们的健康水平。而从饲养方式上提高其含量将是一条经济实惠的路径。
竹炭中的多孔性结构，含有多种天然矿物质，在饲料中添加时可改变微生物菌群，促进动物的消化吸收，促进其生长发育，进而有可能减少肉类饱和脂肪酸含量，增加不饱和脂肪酸含量，改善其品质。因此，本文试图通过竹炭来影响肌肉中的DHA和EPA的含量。
发明内容
本发明的目的是针对鲤鱼养殖、示范推广过程中养殖模式的问题，提供一种提高鲤鱼肌肉中DHA和EPA的饲料及喂养方法，是一种现实可行、易学、易推广的养殖方法。
本发明的技术方案如下：
一种提高鲤鱼肌肉中DHA和EPA的饲料，该饲料中包括竹炭组分。
进一步，所述的提高鲤鱼肌肉中DHA和EPA的饲料，饲料中竹炭组分的质量百分比为4％。
进一步，所述的提高鲤鱼肌肉中DHA和EPA的饲料，所述竹炭组分的水分百分比含量为6-6.5％，灰分百分比含量为4-4.5％，固定碳百分比含量为88％以上，比表面积为265m2/g以上。
以上所述的提高鲤鱼肌肉中DHA和EPA的饲料喂养鲤鱼的方法，按照每天5次人工投喂的方式进喂养。
进一步，所述的提高鲤鱼肌肉中DHA和EPA的饲料喂养鲤鱼的方法，喂养过程中保持水温23-33℃，pH7.32-7.63，溶解氧浓度为4.7-7.93mg L-1。
进一步，所述的提高鲤鱼肌肉中DHA和EPA的饲料喂养鲤鱼的方法，每天5次人工投喂的时间为6:00、9:00、12:00、15:00和18:00。
本发明提高的一种提高鲤鱼肌肉中DHA和EPA的饲料，通过在饲料中添加了4％含量的竹炭，喂养鲤鱼后能够有效提高鲤鱼肌肉中DHA和EPA的含量，通过喂养后可以使得鲤鱼肌肉中DHA和EPA分别提高32.7％和33.4％。
本发明提供的提高鲤鱼肌肉中DHA和EPA的饲料中，只有当竹炭添加量为4％时才能够起到良好的提升效果，而低于4％含量的竹炭并不能带来显著效果。
本发明的饲料中采用的竹炭满足水分百分比含量为6-6.5％，灰分百分比含量为4-4.5％，固定碳百分比含量为88％以上，比表面积为265m2/g以上时，对于提高鲤鱼肌肉中DHA和EPA含量具有更显著的效果。
具体实施方式
针对鱼类养殖模式的特点，为了控制试验误差，要求在整个养殖过程中，饲料成分等环境因子尽可能的保持一致，养殖人员不替换。具体操作步骤如下：
(1)实验对象：鲤鱼幼鱼，来自中国水产科学院淡水渔业研究中心南泉基地。
养殖管理：实验前驯化一周。选用规格均等的鲤鱼幼鱼，分为五组，每组3个重复，共15个网箱。每个桶30尾，平均体重13.05±0.05g/尾。幼鱼养殖在淡水渔业研究中心南泉基地的自动循环水系统中，按组喂食不同浓度碳粉饲料(0％,0.5％,1％,2％,4％)，每天五次喂食(06：00，9：00，12：00，15：00，18：00)，按鱼体重的5％喂食，实验周期63天。水温每天三次(06：00；12：00和18：00)，温度范围为23-33℃，pH范围为7.32-7.63，溶解氧浓度范围为4.7-7.93mg L-1。鱼重两周测量一次，以调整喂食量。
(2)试验饲料：根据鲤鱼幼鱼的营养需要设计5组不同浓度碳粉添加的饲料。在基础饲料中添加0％(A组)碳粉为对照组，试验组将竹碳粉以不同质量分数0.5％(B组),1％(C组),2％(D组)和4％(E组)碳粉添加到饲料中。竹炭粉(水分-6.39％；灰分-4.19％；固定碳-89.32％,密度0.521g/cm3；pH-7.56和比表面积-265m2/g)，从宁波兴达煤炭工业有限公司购买。饲料原料购自通威饲料集团有限公司(无锡分公司)，多维多矿由无息华诺威动物保健品有限公司提供(中国，无锡)。所有原料粉碎后过60目的粉筛，按比例称量，加14％的水，饲料是由机械混合，制好风干，保持在-20℃到使用。饲料配方及组成见表1。饲料基本成分的测定依照国标方法测定饲料常规营养成分。水分：用常压干燥法测定，依照GB6435—86方法；灰分：用马弗炉灼烧法测定，依照GB/T 6438—2007；粗蛋白：用凯氏(Kielahe)定氮法测定，依照GB/T6432-94；粗脂肪：用索氏(Soxhvet)抽提法测定，依照GB/T6433—2006。
表1饲料原料和营养成分
多维多矿*：维生素预混料(IU或mg/kg)和矿物质预混料(g/kg的预混料):维生素A,900000IU；维生素D,250000IU；维生素C,10000毫克；维生素E,4500毫克；维生素K3,220毫克；维生素B1，320毫克；维生素B2,1090毫克的；维生素B6,5000毫克的；维生素B12,116毫克；生物素,50毫克；泛酸盐,1000毫克；叶酸,165毫克的钠；胆碱,60000毫克；肌醇,15000mg；维生素B3,2500mg；CuSO4·5H2O,2.5g；FeSO4·7H2O,28g；ZnSO4·7H2O,22g；MnSO4·4H2O,9g；Na2SeO3,0.045g；KI,0.026g；CoCl2·6H2O,0.1g(3)在(2)的基础上，待实验结束时，饥饿24小时，从网箱中取出全部鲤鱼，从各养殖桶中随机抽取3条长势大致相同的鱼，放进事先加了丁香油的桶中深度麻醉。用量程为2kg的称进行称重，量鱼板测体长，并记录。将鱼去鳞去皮后取背部肌肉分装在小自封袋中，-80度保存。取出肌肉在冷冻干燥机中冻干，然后磨成粉待测。将冻干后的罗非鱼肌肉样品研磨成粉，称取约1g样品于10ml的离心管中，加入2.5ml甲醇和1.25ml氯仿混合，用高速分散器混合均匀，离心20min至溶液澄清。往混合液中加入1.25ml氯仿，漩涡震荡30s，再加入1.25ml 0.1％的HCl溶液，混匀。然后2700g离心15min，得到澄清两相溶液，去上层，取下层2ml于15ml离心管中，氮气吹干。
将氮气吹干的样品置于10ml带塞离心管中，加入1：1混合的石油醚和甲苯混合溶剂2ml，充分震荡后加入0.4mol/L的氢氧化钾-甲醇溶液2mL，混匀，室温静置30min，之后加入2mL蒸馏水混匀，离心10min至澄清，吸取2mL上清液置于干燥试管中并加入少量无水硫酸钠，去水后移入玻璃样品瓶中进行气相色谱分析。
气相色谱分析条件：进样1μL；进样口温度260℃，检测温度270℃，柱升温程序：初始温度150℃，保持5min，以5℃/min速率升到230℃，保持20min；氢气和空气流量分别为30和40mL/min，N2为载气流量为1.5mL/min。色谱峰的定性采用脂肪酸标样标定，统计脂肪酸含量，分析其组成。试验数据用SPSS17.0软件进行处理分析，采用ANOVA进行方差分析，结果以均数±标准误(Mean±SE)表示，差异显著性均以P<0.05为准。所有图标表采用Excel2007制作而成。。
不同炭粉添加量对鲤鱼肌肉脂肪酸含量的影响如表2所示，不同处理组对照组相比，各种脂肪酸组成成分相同。由表可知，总饱和脂肪酸(Saturated Fatty Acids,SFA)、多不饱和脂肪酸、单不饱和脂肪酸和不饱和脂肪酸的含量随着炭粉添加量的增加没有显著性差异(P<0.05)。但4％炭粉处理组的C20:5(EPA)与对照组C22:5(DHA)相比显著上升(P<0.05)；各处理组与对照组之间的总多不饱和脂肪(Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids,PUFA)无显著性差异(P>0.05)，但4％炭粉处理组的C18:2和C18:3n3与其它组相比显著上升(P<0.05)。这是因为低浓度添加竹炭的处理组还不足以改变肠绒毛长度与杯状细胞的数量(通过组织切片显示4％炭粉处理组这2个指标明显提高)，从而影响消化吸收。
表2不同炭粉添加量对鲤鱼肌肉脂肪酸含量的影响
注：1表中数据为“平均值±标准误”(n＝3)；同一行数据右上角有相同小写字母代表无显著差异(P>0.05)，不同代表有显著差异(P<0.05)
2SFA＝C12:0+C14:0+C15:0+C16:0+C17:0+C18:0+C20:0+C22:0
3MUFA＝C16:1+C18:1+C20:1+C22:1
4PUFA＝C18:2+C18:3n-6+C18:3n-3+C20:2+C20:3+C20:4+C20:5+C22:3+C22:4+C22:5+C22:6
5UFA＝MUFA+PUFA
本文对5个组的血液常规指标分析发现相比对照组1％的天家族可显著提高AST的含量，而4％虽有提高但没有达到显著水平。因此，综合以上步骤，我们可以得到一种通过饲料中添加4％竹炭来提高鲤鱼肌肉中DHA和EPA含量的方法，该方法可以使得鲤鱼肌肉中DHA和EPA的含量分别提高32.7％和33.4％，而不能给机体带来负面影响。
Claims (6)
1.一种提高鲤鱼肌肉中DHA和EPA的饲料，其特征在于，该饲料中包括竹炭组分。
2.根据权利要求1所述的提高鲤鱼肌肉中DHA和EPA的饲料，其特征在于，饲料中竹炭组分的质量百分比为4%。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的提高鲤鱼肌肉中DHA和EPA的饲料，其特征在于，所述竹炭组分的水分百分比含量为6-6.5%，灰分百分比含量为4-4.5%，固定碳百分比含量为88%以上，比表面积为265m2/g以上。
4.权利要求1或2所述的提高鲤鱼肌肉中DHA和EPA的饲料喂养鲤鱼的方法，其特征在于，按照每天5次人工投喂的方式进喂养。
5.根据权利要求4所述的提高鲤鱼肌肉中DHA和EPA的饲料喂养鲤鱼的方法，其特征在于，喂养过程中保持水温23-33℃，pH7.32-7.63，溶解氧浓度为4.7-7.93 mg L-1。
6.根据权利要求4所述的提高鲤鱼肌肉中DHA和EPA的饲料喂养鲤鱼的方法，其特征在于，每天5次人工投喂的时间为6:00、9:00、12:00、15:00和18:00。
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201711228831.4A CN108029595A (zh) | 2017-11-29 | 2017-11-29 | 一种提高鲤鱼肌肉中dha和epa的饲料及喂养方法 |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201711228831.4A CN108029595A (zh) | 2017-11-29 | 2017-11-29 | 一种提高鲤鱼肌肉中dha和epa的饲料及喂养方法 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN108029595A true CN108029595A (zh) | 2018-05-15 |
Family
ID=62094462
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201711228831.4A Pending CN108029595A (zh) | 2017-11-29 | 2017-11-29 | 一种提高鲤鱼肌肉中dha和epa的饲料及喂养方法 |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN108029595A (zh) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112262795A (zh) * | 2020-11-06 | 2021-01-26 | 中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所 | 一种维持低脂型养殖鱼类肌肉脂肪酸品质的营养学方法 |
Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6372460B1 (en) * | 1997-08-01 | 2002-04-16 | Martek Biosciences | DHA-containing nutritional compositions and methods for their production |
| CN103734539A (zh) * | 2014-01-09 | 2014-04-23 | 中国水产科学研究院淡水渔业研究中心 | 一种吉富罗非鱼肉质改良饲料的配制方法及其投喂方法 |
| CN105341546A (zh) * | 2015-12-11 | 2016-02-24 | 青岛钰兴石墨制品有限公司 | 一种诱食功能的鱼饲料 |
| CN106036220A (zh) * | 2016-06-16 | 2016-10-26 | 国家海洋局第三海洋研究所 | 一种淡水鱼饲料及其制备方法 |
| CN107319210A (zh) * | 2017-08-21 | 2017-11-07 | 武汉华士特工业生物技术开发有限公司 | 一种富含dha营养的淡水鱼饲料 |
| CN107397085A (zh) * | 2017-08-04 | 2017-11-28 | 界首市惠康生物技术研发中心 | 一种氨基酸鱼肥及其制作方法 |
-
2017
- 2017-11-29 CN CN201711228831.4A patent/CN108029595A/zh active Pending
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6372460B1 (en) * | 1997-08-01 | 2002-04-16 | Martek Biosciences | DHA-containing nutritional compositions and methods for their production |
| CN103734539A (zh) * | 2014-01-09 | 2014-04-23 | 中国水产科学研究院淡水渔业研究中心 | 一种吉富罗非鱼肉质改良饲料的配制方法及其投喂方法 |
| CN105341546A (zh) * | 2015-12-11 | 2016-02-24 | 青岛钰兴石墨制品有限公司 | 一种诱食功能的鱼饲料 |
| CN106036220A (zh) * | 2016-06-16 | 2016-10-26 | 国家海洋局第三海洋研究所 | 一种淡水鱼饲料及其制备方法 |
| CN107397085A (zh) * | 2017-08-04 | 2017-11-28 | 界首市惠康生物技术研发中心 | 一种氨基酸鱼肥及其制作方法 |
| CN107319210A (zh) * | 2017-08-21 | 2017-11-07 | 武汉华士特工业生物技术开发有限公司 | 一种富含dha营养的淡水鱼饲料 |
Non-Patent Citations (3)
| Title |
|---|
| 杨顺德等: "竹炭粉在水产饲料的应用", 《農政與農情》 * |
| 杨顺德等: "重要養殖魚類上市前之肉質改進研究", 《行政院農業委員會水產試驗所》 * |
| 生产力促进中心: "台湾研发养殖水产饲料添加竹炭粉", 《三明市科技信息研究所网站》 * |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112262795A (zh) * | 2020-11-06 | 2021-01-26 | 中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所 | 一种维持低脂型养殖鱼类肌肉脂肪酸品质的营养学方法 |
| CN112262795B (zh) * | 2020-11-06 | 2021-08-27 | 中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所 | 一种维持低脂型养殖鱼类肌肉脂肪酸品质的营养学方法 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| Seixas et al. | High DHA content in Artemia is ineffective to improve Octopus vulgaris paralarvae rearing | |
| Wu et al. | Fatty acid composition of Taiwanese human milk | |
| Kim et al. | Effects of dietary protein and lipid levels on growth and body composition of juvenile far eastern catfish Silurus asotus | |
| Toledo et al. | Effects of different dietary lipid levels and fatty acids profile in the culture of white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei (Boone) in biofloc technology: water quality, biofloc composition, growth and health | |
| Buchtová et al. | Chemical composition of fillets of mirror crossbreds common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) | |
| CN101057631B (zh) | 可增强黄颡鱼繁殖能力的中草药饲料添加剂 | |
| Gecgel et al. | Comparison of fatty acid composition between female and male Japanese quail meats | |
| Gong et al. | Dietary myo‐inositol requirement for juvenile gibel carp (Carassius auratus gibelio) | |
| Sari et al. | Effects of different fattening systems on technological properties and fatty acid composition of goose meat | |
| Duan et al. | Comparisons of growth performance, gonadal development and nutritional composition among monosex and mixed‐sex culture modes in the swimming crab (Portunus trituberculatus) | |
| Moren et al. | Iodine enrichment of Artemia and enhanced levels of iodine in Atlantic halibut larvae (Hippoglossus hippoglossus L.) fed the enriched Artemia | |
| Dong et al. | Effect of farming patterns on the nutrient composition and farming environment of loach, Paramisgurnus dabryanus | |
| CN101209089A (zh) | 提高草鱼肉中n-3多不饱和脂肪酸的方法 | |
| CN108029595A (zh) | 一种提高鲤鱼肌肉中dha和epa的饲料及喂养方法 | |
| de la Peña et al. | Cell growth, effect of filtrate and nutritive value of the tropical Prasinophyte Tetraselmis tetrathele (Butcher) at different phases of culture | |
| Kłobukowski et al. | Selected Parameters of Nutritional and Pro‐Health Value in the Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) Muscle Tissue | |
| CN108208472B (zh) | 一种饲料添加剂和大黄鱼饲料及其制备方法和应用 | |
| Costa et al. | Chlorella pyrenoidosa supplementation increased the concentration of unsaturated fatty acids in the rumen fluid of cattle fed a low-quality tropical forage | |
| Duan et al. | Comparison of yolk fatty acids in market available black-bone chicken eggs and ordinary chicken eggs | |
| Ju et al. | Effects of replacing fish oil with stearine as main lipid source in diet on growth and survival of P acific W hite S hrimp, L itopenaeus vannamei (B oone, 1931) | |
| Rahman et al. | Effects of alternative lipid sources and levels for fish oil replacement in Asian seabass (Lates calcarifer) diets on growth, digestive enzyme activity and immune parameters. | |
| Tsopelakos et al. | Combined effects of dietary n‐3 long‐chain polyunsaturated fatty acid levels and saturated to monounsaturated fatty acid ratios on growth, fillet composition and blood parameters of European sea bass, Dicentrarchus labrax L. | |
| He et al. | Ovarian development and nutritional quality changes of the wild‐caught Portunus trituberculatus during the artificial fattening period | |
| CN107853502A (zh) | 一种提高红罗非鱼肌肉中不饱和脂肪酸含量的饲料及其喂养方法 | |
| El‐Zenary et al. | Comparison of Ahiflower oil containing stearidonic acid to a high‐alpha‐linolenic acid flaxseed oil at two dietary levels on omega‐3 enrichment of egg yolk and tissues in laying hens |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| RJ01 | Rejection of invention patent application after publication |
Application publication date: 20180515 |
|
| RJ01 | Rejection of invention patent application after publication |