A kind of bletilla striata method for culturing seedlings
Basic area
The invention belongs to seedling-raising technique field, and in particular to a kind of bletilla striata method for culturing seedlings.
Background technology
The bletilla striata is a kind of traditional Chinese medicine in China, and its seed is because no endosperm causes in nature under germination rate,
Existing wild resource is increasingly reduced, and in order to meet the needs of people are to the medicinal material, people begin attempt to artificial breeding and cultivation.Now
Common bletilla striata method for culturing seedlings is broadly divided into two classes:The fast numerous and direct sowing and seedling of plant tissue culture.
In the prior art, traditional tissue culture technique nursery is needed by once sowing and culture medium of transferring twice, people
Work cost is very high;And direct sowing and seedling germination rate is too low, less than 5%, thus it is especially big to seed demand, and protocorm after sprouting
Growth is very slow, causes the seedling cycle very long, more than 1 year, nursery increased risk.
Although some scholars and production unit have carried out this good try, as CN201410364786,
CN201610065099、CN201410364717、《Wild bletilla striata artificial breeding technique》With《White loft tissue culture technique system is ground
Study carefully》.But, the seedling cost in these researchs is excessive, is unfavorable for the cultivation of the bletilla striata.
The content of the invention
In view of the shortcomings of the prior art, it is an object of the invention to provide a kind of bletilla striata method for culturing seedlings, it is characterised in that institute
The method of stating includes the following steps:
(1) fruit pod after disinfection is cut, seed is shaken off to culture medium top layer, cultivated into the first stage, i.e.,:It is advanced
Row sprouts culture, is sprouted to seed, then carries out Protocorm;
The culture medium is semigel shape culture medium, its formula is:
3.5g/L high intensity agar, sucrose 30g/L, NAA 0.5mg/L, banana 20g/L, 1/2MS, pH is 5.85~5.9;
It is described sprout cultivation stage when condition of culture be:
Temperature is 20~25 DEG C, and intensity of illumination is 1500~2200Lux, when light application time is 10 small/day;
Condition of culture during the Protocorm stage is:
Temperature is 20~25 DEG C, and intensity of illumination is 2500~3000Lux, when light application time is 12 small/day;
(2) protocorm stem length is to 2~3mm after step (1) culture, into second stage culture, i.e.,:Take out protocorm simultaneously
Spread out in water, then protocorm is uniformly spread out in the matrix in seedbed, make protocorm exposed on matrix, located
Reason process tries not to injure young shoot;
(3) protocorm in step (2) is sprayed 1~2 time weekly with nutrient solution, and sprays carbendazol;Keep temperature
In 20~25 DEG C and appropriate illumination;
(4) water and fertilizer management and disease control management are carried out;
Wherein, the matrix presses 1 by Denmark's Pin Shi Tops peat and river sand:1 volume ratio mixes;
The formula of the nutrient solution is:1/5MS+0.1mg/LNAA.
Preferably, in step (1), the method for the disinfection is:In order, first rinsed with flowing water, then 0.1% liquid detergent is molten
Liquid rinses, then is cleaned with distilled water, is then soaked 30 seconds with 75% alcohol, then is soaked 8~12 minutes with 0.1% mercuric chloride solution,
Finally use aseptic water washing 5~8 times, be put into superclean bench and dry.
Preferably, the gel strength of high intensity agar described in step (1) is 1400g/cm2。
The incubation time of the first stage is 8~12 days;And/or the incubation time of the second stage is 30~35
My god.
Preferably, the seedbed is paved into by the matrix by the specification of wide 1m, thickness 0.2m.
Preferably, in step (2), it is 70~80% to keep seedbed humidity, and temperature is 20~25 DEG C, and sprays appropriate desinsection
Agent.
Preferably, in step (3), in step (3), the concentration of the carbendazol is 0.5 ‰.
Preferably, in step (2), when disseminating protocorm, the density of the bulb is 10~150,000 plants/acre.
Preferably, the water and fertilizer management is:Keep water supply in media;Using amino acid, humic acid fertilizer, early period sprays dense
Spend for one thousandth, weekly spray 1 time;After 1 month, concentration increases to 81 percent, is still to spray 1 time weekly;From second
Start the moon monthly to spray 1 secondary and micro-element fertilizers.
Preferably, the disease control management is:1 fungicide is sprayed weekly, is alternately sprayed using Fluoxastrobin and carbendazim
Apply.
Beneficial effects of the present invention:
(1) present invention can save that seed, germination rate are high and sprout time is short, can complete within 10-15 days to sprout, 30 to
The culture of tissue culture room is completed after 35 days;
(2) type of rearing of the invention only needs to use a kind of culture medium, eliminates the propagation training in traditional incubation
Foster and process of rooting culture, it is not necessary to seedling transit working is manually largely engaged in, is compared with tradition tissue culture, seedling cost
Reduce by 70%;
(3) present invention management is easy, and seedling cost is low.
Brief description of the drawings
Design sketch when Fig. 1 is bletilla striata seedling culture.
Embodiment
The present invention is specifically described below by embodiment, it is necessary to which indicated herein is that following embodiments are simply used
It is further detailed in the present invention, it is impossible to be interpreted as limiting the scope of the invention, which is skilled in technique
Personnel still fall within protection scope of the present invention according to some nonessential modifications and adaptations that foregoing invention content is made.
Embodiment 1
1st, seed is sprouted:
1) capsule sterilizes:Capsule, the rinsing of 0.1% liquid detergent solution first are rinsed with flowing water, distilled water is cleaned, the leaching of 75% alcohol
Bubble 30 seconds, then soaked 10 minutes with 0.1% mercuric chloride solution, last aseptic water washing 5~8 times, is put into superclean bench and dries.
2) germination medium is prepared:Using semigel shape culture medium, it is formulated and is:2.0g/L high intensity agar (gel strengths
1400g/cm2), sucrose 30g/L, NAA 0.5g/L, banana 20g/L, 1/2MS.
3) sow:The fruit pod disinfected with tweezers gripping, with blade cut fruit pod, will shake off the table in germination medium
Layer, is careful not to rock culture medium, in case culture medium rupture causes seed to sink.Condition of culture is:20~25 DEG C of temperature,
4) bulb is induced:Temperature control is in 20~25 DEG C, 1500~2200Lux of intensity of illumination, light application time during beginning
10 it is small when/day.After planting 10 days or so, bletilla seed started to sprout, and increases illumination at this time, illumination is brought up to 2500~
3000Lux, at the same extend light application time to 12 it is small when/day;Culture 30~35 days, bulb can be developed to 2mm or so and loosely divide
Cloth is on culture medium.
2nd, prepared by matrix
Matrix selects high-temperature sterilization Denmark Pin Shi Tops peat and river sand 1:1 ratio mixes, and organic matter enriches in turf
And river sand can increase density of matrix, be conducive to seedling and take root.Proportioned matrix is paved into the seedbed of wide 1m, thickness 20cm.
3rd, bulb is live
The bulb of culture medium to be poured into clear water and is gently agitated for, they can be loosed off completely, be not required to artificial external force and separated,
In order to avoid causing mechanical damage, then bulb is uniformly spread out on seedbed, makes bulb exposed on matrix.Prepare 1/2MS+
The nutrient solution of 0.1mg/LNAA sprays seedbed, on every Mondays to twice, keeps seedbed humidity 70~80%, 20~25 DEG C of temperature.Make
Prevent mould from growing with fungicide (carbendazim).
4th, bulb is transplanted
(1) site preparation:The greenhouse that selection is irrigated, ventilation equipment is complete carries out nursery.It is first that the progress of greenhouse soil is smooth, then divide
Into wide 1.0 meters of seedling bed.Seedling bed first spreads one layer of woollen blanket, the seedling medium of 8~10 cm thicks is repaved, before seedling medium use
High-temperature sterilization is had to pass through, kills grass seeds and the microorganism of the inside.After completing matrix, matrix is irrigated.
Winter is not less than 5 degree, summer cooling, not higher than 25 degree.
(2) bulb disperses:The bulb grown up (2~3mm) is poured into clear water together with culture medium, is gently agitated for, makes bletilla
Bulb scatter, and washes away culture medium, is pulled out bletilla bulb with sieve, then with Bravo medicining liquid dipping 3~5 minutes, pulls out
Draining 5-10 minutes.
(3) bulb is transplanted:The bletilla bulb that Bravo soaked uniformly is sprinkling upon on the seedbed of preparation, per acre probably
Spread 100,000 plants or so.One layer 0.2 centimetre of matrix is spread on surface afterwards, covers bletilla bulb, and is watered again, moistens matrix.
(4) humidity, illumination:After transplanting, pay attention to keeping appropriateness, and reduce intensity of illumination, using sunshade net, with bamboo chip branch
Rise, can shading be retentive of moisture again.
(5) water and fertilizer management:After transplanting, matrix moistening degree is observed daily, pays attention to keeping water supply in media.After transplanting 10 days,
Bulb progressively grows seedling, should strengthen nutrient management.Using amino acid, humic acid fertilizer, early period spraying concentration for thousand/
One, spray 1 time weekly.After 1 month, concentration increases to 1/800th, is still to spray 1 time weekly.Monthly sprayed since second month
1 secondary and micro-element fertilizers is applied, is sprayed according to purchased Fertilizer application explanation.
(6) disease control:Disease control is paid attention to during nursery, after transplanting 2 weeks, ventilation is paid attention to, prevents seedling from falling ill.Weekly
Spray 1 fungicide, alternately sprayed using pyrazoles Fluoxastrobin and carbendazim, to prevent developing immunity to drugs, spraying concentration early period according to
Specification halves use, is sprayed to specifications after 2 months.
In the present embodiment, up to more than 96%, sowing can just sprout gained germination rate after 10 days.
After 5 months, bletilla striata seedling can grow to 15-20 centimetres of height, and 2-3 centimetres of bulb, reaches transplanting standard.