CN108011395A - The control method of charging and discharging circuit automatic optimal in a kind of mixing inverter - Google Patents

The control method of charging and discharging circuit automatic optimal in a kind of mixing inverter Download PDF

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Publication number
CN108011395A
CN108011395A CN201711307261.8A CN201711307261A CN108011395A CN 108011395 A CN108011395 A CN 108011395A CN 201711307261 A CN201711307261 A CN 201711307261A CN 108011395 A CN108011395 A CN 108011395A
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frequency
inverter
charging
gain
discharging circuit
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CN108011395B (en
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肖遥
王祺
詹国敏
赵兴国
许斌斌
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PHONO SOLAR TECHNOLOGY Co Ltd
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PHONO SOLAR TECHNOLOGY Co Ltd
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/38Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/02Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/04Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/10Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M3/145Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/155Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/156Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
    • H02M3/158Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/42Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/44Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/48Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/53Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M7/537Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/0067Converter structures employing plural converter units, other than for parallel operation of the units on a single load
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02BCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B70/00Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
    • Y02B70/10Technologies improving the efficiency by using switched-mode power supplies [SMPS], i.e. efficient power electronics conversion e.g. power factor correction or reduction of losses in power supplies or efficient standby modes

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Inverter Devices (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of control method for mixing charging and discharging circuit automatic optimal in inverter, pass through the constant pressure closed-loop control of inversion circuit and the constant current closed-loop control of Buck/Boost converters, two-way LLC resonance circuits are made to work in reverse mode at the same time, disturb the Extreme gain of LLC circuit drives frequency search circuits, and disturb output power and search multiple extreme values, the comprehensive optimum frequency operating point for determining charging and discharging circuit in mixing inverter.Gain characteristic of the invention based on LLC circuits and the resonant frequency that system can be quickly and accurately determined with reference to some rate-determining steps, charging and discharging circuit can be made to be operated in optimum frequency point, the efficiency of circuit can not only be improved, reduce EMI interference, the gain of the Frequency point is fixed at the same time, can simplify the design process of circuit.Without accurately reference voltage source and extra wiring in calibration process, the resonance frequency correction program can be opened during the normal use of equipment.

Description

The control method of charging and discharging circuit automatic optimal in a kind of mixing inverter
Technical field
The present invention relates to charging and discharging circuit in applied power electronics technology technical field, more particularly to a kind of mixing inverter The control method of automatic optimal.
Background technology
With the development of distributed energy, the family hybrid inverter comprising energy-storage units and based on the pattern of generating power for their own use Using further extensive.The DC connecting end of this inverter includes a photovoltaic array input port, and a low pressure (is usually 48V and following) battery port, exchange connecting pin includes an alternating current port and an off-network emergency power supply output port.In order to Output and alternating voltage similar in line voltage, DC bus-bar voltage is usually 8~10 times of cell voltage, and conventional is two-way Buck/Boost circuits can not efficiently and economically reach required step-up ratio, it is therefore desirable to increase the realization of level-one high frequency transformer The function of DC/DC boostings, common topological project is full-bridge LLC circuits.
In the dual stage circuit structure of this LLC+Buck/Boost, because carrying out voltage or electric current using Buck/Boost Closed-loop control, therefore be not required LLC circuits to change the gain in circuit by way of frequency modulation, LLC circuits are usually operated at reason By resonant frequency point, to obtain higher efficiency.But since the capacitance and transformer leakage inductance that form resonant tank are generally difficult to The precision of manufacture is kept, this can cause the deviation of resonant frequency, and particularly capacitance and transformer leakage inductance are in overgauge or negative This defect is more obvious during deviation, and the frequency operating point that the mixing inverter produced in batches is set is typically secured to theory and sets Evaluation, this is it is difficult to ensure that all inverters all operate in optimal frequency point, and obviously because effect by the way of manual calibration Rate is also lowly unpractical, it is necessary to find a kind of applied to Automatic-searching optimized operation Frequency point in this mixing inverter Method.
The content of the invention
In view of the drawbacks described above of the prior art, the technical problems to be solved by the invention are to provide a kind of mixing inverter The control method of middle charging and discharging circuit automatic optimal, is obtained most using the transfer function characteristics of circuit by way of frequency disturbance Good speed line frequency point.
The control method of charging and discharging circuit automatic optimal, comprises the following steps in a kind of mixing inverter of the present invention:
1) simultaneously dc bus constant voltage closed loop control mode will be worked in by net side DC/AC inverters;
2) two-way Buck/Boost converters are worked in into constant current closed loop control mode, given current direction should make LLC Converter works in inverted running pattern;
3) the LLC converters work in inverted running pattern, with the full control switching devices of the H bridges of resonant capacitance homonymy without Drive signal, wherein, body diode forms uncontrollable rectifier circuit, and the full control switch for giving the H bridges of transformer direct connection applies duty Than the drive signal for 50%;
4) the LLC converters open frequency perturbation mode, that is, first determine whether the direction of disturbance step delta f, if Δ f= 0, then by the initial frequency f of settingrsAs resonant frequency point, otherwise to set initial frequency frsFor starting point, using Δ f as step-length Frequency disturbance is carried out, and calculates the voltage gain of LLC converters, perturbation direction is judged by the change direction of gain, if increased Benefit increase then continues former direction disturbance, shows that previous Frequency point is resonant frequency point if gain reduces;
5) the two-way Buck/Boost converters open power disturbance pattern, i.e., by the given current value of step 2) to set Fixed step size increases to the 100% of rated value successively, and step 2)~step 4) is repeated n times, n Frequency point is obtained, labeled as fr1, fr1…frn, wherein n is number of repetition, then the charging and discharging circuit running frequency for mixing inverter is arranged to:fr=∑ (fr1… frn)/n。
In step 4), the frequency disturbance pattern is included when disturbing first by setting dot frequency frsPositive and negative two Direction disturbs once respectively, and it is perturbation direction to take the direction that gain becomes larger, and shows to disturb if positive and negative directive gain diminishes It is dynamic.
In step 5), initial power is more than 50% rated power in the power disturbance pattern.
In step 5), rated value is increased to 10% step-length in the power disturbance pattern 100%.
Above-mentioned DC/AC inverters are single-phase inverter or three-phase inverter.
Above-mentioned DC/AC inverters are by power-balance control come stable DC busbar voltage.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:Gain characteristic of the invention based on LLC circuits simultaneously can with reference to some rate-determining steps Quickly and accurately determine the resonant frequency of system, charging and discharging circuit can be made to be operated in optimum frequency point, electricity can not only be improved The efficiency on road, reduce EMI interference, while the gain of the Frequency point is fixed, and can simplify the design process of circuit.In calibration process Without accurately reference voltage source and extra wiring, the resonance frequency correction can be opened during the normal use of equipment Program.And the program only needs seldom data space, arithmetic speed is very fast.
It is described further below with reference to the technique effect of design of the attached drawing to the present invention, concrete structure and generation, with It is fully understood from the purpose of the present invention, feature and effect.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the circuit topology figure of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the single-phase DC/AC contravarianter voltages closed-loop control block diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the three-phase DC/AC contravarianter voltage closed-loop control block diagrams of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is the two-way Buck/Boost converter currents closed-loop control block diagram of the present invention;
The gain under different quality factor of transmission function when Fig. 5 is the two-way LLC converters inverted running of the present invention Curve;
Fig. 6 is the implementing procedure figure of the present invention.
Embodiment
As shown in fig. 6, a kind of control method for mixing charging and discharging circuit automatic optimal in inverter, comprises the following steps:
1) and net side DC/AC inverters work in dc bus constant voltage closed loop control mode;
2) two-way Buck/Boost converters work in constant current closed loop control mode, and current direction should make LLC converters Work in inverted running pattern;
3) LLC converters work in inverted running pattern, and the full control switching device with the H bridges of resonant capacitance homonymy is without driving Signal, its body diode form uncontrollable rectifier circuit, and it is 50% to apply duty cycle with the full control switch of the H bridges of transformer direct connection Drive signal;
4) LLC converters open frequency perturbation mode, sets a disturbance step delta f, to design resonant frequency frsTo rise Line frequency disturbance is clicked through, and calculates the voltage gain of LLC circuits, perturbation direction is judged by the change direction of gain, until looking for To maximum gain, and record the corresponding Frequency point of the gain;
5) two-way Buck/Boost converters open power disturbance pattern, by the given current value of step 2 with particular step size The 100% of rated value is increased to successively, by step 2~step 4 repeatedly, multiple Frequency points is obtained, labeled as fr1, fr1… frn, wherein n is number of repetition, and the charging and discharging circuit running frequency for mixing inverter is arranged to:fr=∑ (fr1…frn)/n。
In the present embodiment, the frequency disturbance pattern of the step 4) is included when disturbing first by positive and negative both direction point Not Rao Dong the disturbance of determination frequency direction.
In the present embodiment, initial power is more than 50% rated power in the power disturbance pattern of the step 5).
In the present embodiment, rated value is increased to 10% step-length in the power disturbance pattern of the step 5) 100%.
In the present embodiment, the DC/AC inverters are single-phase inverter or three-phase inverter.
In the present embodiment, the DC/AC inverters are by power-balance control come stable DC busbar voltage.
The embodiment of the present invention is specifically described below in conjunction with attached drawing.
A kind of topological structure of single phase joining net type mixing inverter, including two-way LLC resonant converter are shown in Fig. 1 101st, two-way Buck/Boost converters 102 and full-bridge inverter 103.Wherein the DC output end of LLC resonant converter 101 with The input terminal of two-way Buck/Boost converters 102 is connected, and is connected with filter capacitor C at dc bus both ends2, it is two-way The output terminal of Buck/Boost converters 102 is connected with the direct-flow input end of full-bridge inverter 103, and connects at dc bus both ends It is connected to filter capacitor C3。。
Wherein, 101 102 103 basic functional units formed, are known in the art general knowledge, without explaining.Institute With without introducing in each unit, " resonant capacitance, H bridges, control switching device, diode, uncontrollable rectifier circuit, transformer, complete entirely The connection mode of primary element known in control switch " etc..
This inverter usually also has the Boost circuit of a connection photovoltaic battery panel, in the present invention the circuit It is unrelated.Using being the advantages of forming twin-stage DC/DC converters by LLC circuits and Buck/Boost circuits it will be apparent that The LLC circuits of prime realize a kind of efficient commutator transformer function, and the control of rear class Buck/Boost circuits is then simpler It is single.LLC circuits are not required frequency modulation to adjust the output voltage of circuit, therefore it is optimal to be fixed on resonant frequency point operation.Its Resonant frequency frBy resonant inductance LrWith resonant capacitance CrDetermine, as shown in Equation 1:
But the shadow of the stray parameter due to can not accurately be estimated in inductance and the relatively low accuracy of manufacture of capacitance and circuit Ring, it is more difficult that the mixing inverter of batch production, which is operated in unified resonant frequency point, it is therefore necessary to allow individually The respective resonant frequency of inverter Automatic-searching before bringing normally into operation.Specific implementation step is as follows:
1) start grid-connected side inverter 101, pass through double-loop control strategy stable DC busbar voltage U3, Fig. 2 shows A kind of voltage close loop control strategy block diagram of single-phase inverter, Fig. 3 show a kind of voltage close loop control plan of three-phase inverter Slightly block diagram.Whether single-phase inverter or three-phase inverter are all come stable DC busbar voltage by power-balance control , on the premise of network voltage is fixed, it is active grid-connected current often to directly control object.
2) Buck/Boost converters 102 are operated in Buck operating statuses, i.e. the IGBT of V6 is failure to actuate, and the IGBT of V5 is moved Make, control inductance L1Electric current B points are flowed to by the A points in Fig. 1, while in order to make LLC circuits be operated in high Q points, the width of electric current Value should be larger, is greater than being equal to 0.5In, wherein Q is quality factor, InFor rated current.Fig. 4 shows that Buck/Boost becomes The closed-loop current control strategy of parallel operation.The defeated of LLC circuits is stabilized by the constant pressure closed-loop control of constant current closed-loop control and step 1 Go out power so that the fluctuation range of the Q values of system is smaller.
3) LLC circuits are operated in reverse mode, i.e. the MOSFET of Q5~Q8 is failure to actuate, its body diode forms a full-bridge Uncontrollable rectifier circuit, the MOSFET actions of Q1~Q4, to the square wave excitation voltage of resonator application duty cycle 50%.Excitation at this time Inductance is in parallel with battery-end, and resonator is not had an impact, and circuit degradation is into lc circuit, but resonant frequency at this time and LLC electricity The traffic direction on road is unrelated, still determines that its gain is represented by by formula (1):
Wherein:ω=2 π f, f are circuit actual motion frequency;
RACAlternating current equivalent impedance is defined as,
VoFor LLC circuit output voltages, IoFor LLC circuit output currents, N is transformer voltage ratio.
Corresponding gain curve under operating status when Fig. 5 is different Q value, peak gain theoretical value 1, but due to transformation Device becomes the influence of when circuit stray parameter, and actual calculated value is difficult to be equal to 1, but still may determine that the corresponding frequency of peak gain point Rate is resonant frequency point, while the decay of its gain derivative is faster when visible Q values are larger, this is favourable to extraction maximum gain 's.
Inverted running pattern described in step 2 and step 3 is determined according to resonant capacitance institute's link position.
4) as shown in fig. 6, LLC circuit open frequency perturbation modes, set disturbance step delta f, a Δ f > 0, with design Resonant frequency frsFrequency disturbance is carried out for starting point, and to LLC circuit output voltage values uoutWith battery terminal voltage value uinAdopted Sample.F is calculated when disturbing firstrsThe corresponding gain G of Frequency point1=uout1/uin1、frsThe corresponding gain G of+Δ f Frequency points2= uout2/uin2And frsThe corresponding gain G of-Δ f Frequency points3=uout3/uin3If G2< G1< G3Then continue to disturb using Δ f as step-length, If G3< G1< G2Then continue to disturb as step-length using-Δ f, if G2< G1> G3Then frsAs resonant frequency point.Disturbance step-length is Δ f When answer persistent disturbances until disturbance to n-th when there is Gn-1< Gn, then by frsResonant frequencies of+(n-1) the Δ f as LLC circuits Point;On the contrary then progress opposite direction disturbance, until there is G when disturbance is to n-thn-1< Gn, then by frs- (n-1) Δ f is as LLC electricity The resonant frequency point on road.
The output voltage of LLC circuits and battery terminal voltage are possible to produce fluctuation in perturbation process, but by asking for increasing The mode of benefit shields the disturbance that absolute value of voltage wave zone comes.The fluctuation of the output voltage of LLC circuits will also result in equivalent friendship Flow impedance RACFluctuation, in turn result in the fluctuation of Q values, but gain as shown in Figure 5 shows no matter on which bar Q-Gain curve, most What the corresponding frequency of large gain point was always fixed.Certainly, limitation Q values fluctuate the stabilization that can reduce system in less scope Time, and can accelerate to search the speed of resonant frequency.
5) since watt level is possible to influence the electric parameter of resonator, and in order to eliminate existing for single look-up by mistake Difference, it is necessary to power of disturbance with increase sampling gain curve number, using 50% rated power as starting point, with 10%InIncrease for step-length Add the output current of Buck/Boost converters, until reaching 100%In, 2~step 4 of repeat step, obtains multiple Q values curves Under resonant frequency, labeled as fr0.5, fr0.6…fr1.0, it is by circuit actual motion frequency to eliminate the relatively simple method of error It is set as fr=(fr0.5+fr0.6…+fr1.0)/6.In actual mechanical process it is possible that solve frequency in there are deviation compared with Big value, can analyze and process these data using statistical relevant way.For Frequency point definite for the first time, Frequency and the density of power scan can be increased, obtain the actual calculated value of more resonant frequencies, further improve the essence of calculating Degree.
Such scheme eliminates the influence of parasitic parameter, and need not calculate absolute output voltage value, it is not required that auxiliary The accurate voltage source helped or load, can perform at any time in practical application scene, and can effectively correcting circuit operation in it is non-linear Frequency shift (FS) caused by factor, makes the charging and discharging circuit of mixing inverter always work in optimal working point.
Preferred embodiment of the invention described in detail above.It should be appreciated that those of ordinary skill in the art without Need creative work to conceive according to the present invention and make many modifications and variations.Therefore, all technologies in the art Personnel are available by logical analysis, reasoning, or a limited experiment on the basis of existing technology under this invention's idea Technical solution, all should be in the protection domain being defined in the patent claims.

Claims (6)

1. a kind of control method for mixing charging and discharging circuit automatic optimal in inverter, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps:
1) simultaneously dc bus constant voltage closed loop control mode will be worked in by net side DC/AC inverters;
2) two-way Buck/Boost converters are worked in into constant current closed loop control mode, given current direction should convert LLC Device works in inverted running pattern;
3) the LLC converters work in inverted running pattern, and the full control switching device with the H bridges of resonant capacitance homonymy is without driving Signal, wherein, body diode forms uncontrollable rectifier circuit, and the full control switch application duty cycle for giving the H bridges of transformer direct connection is 50% drive signal;
4) the LLC converters open frequency perturbation mode, that is, first determine whether the direction of disturbance step delta f, if Δ f=0, By the initial frequency f of settingrsAs resonant frequency point, otherwise to set initial frequency frsFor starting point, carried out by step-length of Δ f Frequency disturbance, and the voltage gain of LLC converters is calculated, perturbation direction is judged by the change direction of gain, if gain increases Add and then continue former direction disturbance, show that previous Frequency point is resonant frequency point if gain reduces;
5) the two-way Buck/Boost converters open power disturbance pattern, i.e., walk the given current value of step 2) to set Length increases to the 100% of rated value successively, and step 2)~step 4) is repeated n times, n Frequency point is obtained, labeled as fr1, fr1…frn, wherein n is number of repetition, then the charging and discharging circuit running frequency for mixing inverter is arranged to:fr=∑ (fr1… frn)/n。
2. a kind of control method for mixing charging and discharging circuit automatic optimal in inverter as claimed in claim 1, its feature exist In:In step 4), the frequency disturbance pattern is included when disturbing first by setting dot frequency frsPositive and negative both direction Disturb respectively once, it is perturbation direction to take the direction that gain becomes larger, and is shown if positive and negative directive gain diminishes without disturbance.
3. the control method of charging and discharging circuit automatic optimal in inverter is mixed as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that:Step It is rapid 5) in, initial power is more than 50% rated power in the power disturbance pattern.
4. the control method of charging and discharging circuit automatic optimal in inverter is mixed as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that:Step It is rapid 5) in, rated value is increased to 10% step-length in the power disturbance pattern 100%.
5. the control method of charging and discharging circuit automatic optimal in inverter is mixed as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that:Institute It is single-phase inverter or three-phase inverter to state DC/AC inverters.
6. the control method of charging and discharging circuit automatic optimal in inverter is mixed as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that:Institute DC/AC inverters are stated by power-balance control come stable DC busbar voltage.
CN201711307261.8A 2017-12-11 2017-12-11 Control method for automatically optimizing charge-discharge loop in hybrid inverter Active CN108011395B (en)

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CN109103850A (en) * 2018-10-24 2018-12-28 西安特锐德智能充电科技有限公司 Storage medium, the short-circuit protection control method of bidirectional power converter, apparatus and system
CN110620517A (en) * 2019-09-27 2019-12-27 中南大学 Parallel input and serial output aging power supply device
CN112564265A (en) * 2020-12-10 2021-03-26 深圳市瑞能时代科技有限公司 Power supply switching circuit

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