CN108011395B - Control method for automatically optimizing charge-discharge loop in hybrid inverter - Google Patents

Control method for automatically optimizing charge-discharge loop in hybrid inverter Download PDF

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CN108011395B
CN108011395B CN201711307261.8A CN201711307261A CN108011395B CN 108011395 B CN108011395 B CN 108011395B CN 201711307261 A CN201711307261 A CN 201711307261A CN 108011395 B CN108011395 B CN 108011395B
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frequency
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CN108011395A (en
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肖遥
王祺
詹国敏
赵兴国
许斌斌
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Phono Solar Technology Co ltd
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/38Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/02Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/04Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/10Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M3/145Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/155Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/156Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
    • H02M3/158Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/42Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/44Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/48Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/53Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M7/537Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/0067Converter structures employing plural converter units, other than for parallel operation of the units on a single load
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02BCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B70/00Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
    • Y02B70/10Technologies improving the efficiency by using switched-mode power supplies [SMPS], i.e. efficient power electronics conversion e.g. power factor correction or reduction of losses in power supplies or efficient standby modes

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Inverter Devices (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a control method for automatically optimizing a charge and discharge circuit in a hybrid inverter, which comprises the steps of enabling a bidirectional LLC resonant circuit to work in a reverse mode through constant-voltage closed-loop control of an inverter circuit and constant-current closed-loop control of a Buck/Boost converter, disturbing the extreme value gain of an LLC circuit driving frequency searching circuit, disturbing output power to search a plurality of extreme values, and comprehensively determining the optimal frequency operating point of the charge and discharge circuit in the hybrid inverter. The invention can quickly and accurately determine the resonant frequency of the system based on the gain characteristic of the LLC circuit and combining with a plurality of control steps, can enable the charge-discharge loop to work at the optimal frequency point, can improve the efficiency of the circuit and reduce EMI interference, and can simplify the design process of the circuit because the gain of the frequency point is fixed. In the calibration process, an accurate reference voltage source and extra wiring are not needed, and the resonant frequency correction program can be started in the normal use process of the equipment.

Description

Control method for automatically optimizing charge-discharge loop in hybrid inverter
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of power electronic application, in particular to a control method for automatically optimizing a charge-discharge loop in a hybrid inverter.
Background
With the development of distributed energy, hybrid inverters including energy storage units and based on a spontaneous self-use mode are increasingly widely used by users. The DC connection end of the inverter comprises a photovoltaic array input port, a low-voltage (generally 48V or less) battery port, and an AC connection end comprises a commercial power port and an off-grid emergency power output port. In order to output alternating-current voltage close to mains voltage, the voltage of a direct-current bus is usually 8-10 times of the voltage of a battery, a conventional bidirectional Buck/Boost circuit cannot efficiently and economically achieve a required Boost ratio, therefore, a primary high-frequency transformer needs to be added to achieve a DC/DC Boost function, and a common topological scheme is a full-bridge LLC circuit.
In the LLC + Buck/Boost two-stage circuit structure, because the Buck/Boost is used for closed-loop control of voltage or current, an LLC circuit is not required to change the gain of a loop in a frequency modulation mode, and the LLC circuit usually works at a theoretical resonant frequency point so as to obtain higher efficiency. However, since it is usually difficult to maintain the manufacturing precision of the capacitors and the transformer leakage inductances that form the resonant circuit, which may cause the deviation of the resonant frequency, especially when the capacitors and the transformer leakage inductances are both in positive deviation or negative deviation, the defect becomes more obvious, and the frequency operating point set by the hybrid inverter in mass production is usually fixed at the theoretical design value, which is difficult to ensure that all inverters operate at the optimal frequency point, and it is obviously unrealistic due to the low efficiency by adopting the manual calibration method, and it is necessary to find a method for automatically finding the optimal operating frequency point applied to the hybrid inverter.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above-mentioned defects in the prior art, the present invention provides a control method for automatically optimizing a charge/discharge loop in a hybrid inverter, which utilizes the transfer function characteristic of a circuit to obtain an optimal operating frequency point by means of frequency disturbance.
The invention discloses a control method for automatically optimizing a charge-discharge loop in a hybrid inverter, which comprises the following steps of:
1) enabling the grid-connected side DC/AC inverter to work in a direct-current bus constant-voltage closed-loop control mode;
2) the bidirectional Buck/Boost converter works in a constant current closed-loop control mode, and the LLC converter works in a reverse running mode by giving a current direction;
3) the LLC converter works in a reverse running mode, and a full-control switch device of the H bridge on the same side of the resonant capacitor does not have a driving signal, wherein a body diode forms an uncontrolled rectifying circuit and applies a driving signal with the duty ratio of 50% to a full-control switch of the H bridge directly connected with the transformer;
4) the LLC converter starts a frequency disturbance mode, namely firstly, the direction of a disturbance step length delta f is judged, and if the delta f is equal to 0, the set starting frequency f is setrsAs a point of resonance frequency, otherwise with a set starting frequency frsTaking delta f as a starting point to carry out frequency disturbance, calculating the voltage gain of the LLC converter, judging the disturbance direction according to the change direction of the gain, continuing the disturbance in the original direction if the gain is increased, and indicating that the previous frequency point is the resonant frequency point if the gain is reduced;
5) starting a power disturbance mode of the bidirectional Buck/Boost converter, namely sequentially increasing the given current value of the step 2) to 100% of the rated value by a set step length, repeating the steps 2) -4) n times to obtain n frequency points, and marking the frequency points as fr1,fr1…frnAnd if n is the repetition number, the operation frequency of the charge-discharge loop of the hybrid inverter is set as follows: f. ofr=∑(fr1…frn)/n。
In step 4), the frequency disturbance mode comprises the step of setting a starting point frequency f during first disturbancersThe positive direction and the negative direction are disturbed once respectively, the direction in which the gain is increased is taken as the disturbance direction, and if the gains in the positive direction and the negative direction are both reduced, the disturbance is not needed.
In step 5), the initial power in the power disturbance mode is greater than 50% of the rated power.
In step 5), the power disturbance mode is increased to 100% of the rated value in 10% steps.
The DC/AC inverter is a single-phase inverter or a three-phase inverter.
The DC/AC inverter stabilizes the DC bus voltage by power balance control.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention can quickly and accurately determine the resonant frequency of the system based on the gain characteristic of the LLC circuit and combining with a plurality of control steps, can enable the charge-discharge loop to work at the optimal frequency point, can improve the efficiency of the circuit and reduce EMI interference, and can simplify the design process of the circuit because the gain of the frequency point is fixed. In the calibration process, an accurate reference voltage source and extra wiring are not needed, and the resonant frequency correction program can be started in the normal use process of the equipment. And the scheme only needs little data storage space, and the operation speed is high.
The conception, the specific structure and the technical effects of the present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings to fully understand the objects, the features and the effects of the present invention.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a circuit topology of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a block diagram of the single phase DC/AC inverter voltage closed loop control of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a block diagram of the three-phase DC/AC inverter voltage closed loop control of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a block diagram of the current closed-loop control of the bidirectional Buck/Boost converter of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a gain curve of the transfer function at different quality factors when the bidirectional LLC converter of the invention is run in reverse;
FIG. 6 is a flow chart of the present invention.
Detailed Description
As shown in fig. 6, a control method for automatically optimizing a charge-discharge loop in a hybrid inverter includes the following steps:
1) the grid-connected side DC/AC inverter works in a direct-current bus constant-voltage closed-loop control mode;
2) the bidirectional Buck/Boost converter works in a constant current closed-loop control mode, and the current direction enables the LLC converter to work in a reverse running mode;
3) the LLC converter works in a reverse running mode, a full-control switch device of the H bridge on the same side with the resonant capacitor has no driving signal, a body diode of the LLC converter forms an uncontrolled rectifying circuit, and a full-control switch of the H bridge directly connected with the transformer applies a driving signal with the duty ratio of 50%;
4) starting a frequency disturbance mode of the LLC converter, setting a disturbance step length delta f to design a resonant frequency frsPerforming frequency disturbance for a starting point, calculating the voltage gain of the LLC circuit, judging the disturbance direction according to the change direction of the gain until the maximum gain is found, and recording a frequency point corresponding to the gain;
5) starting a power disturbance mode of the bidirectional Buck/Boost converter, sequentially increasing the given current value of the step 2 to 100% of the rated value by a specific step length, repeating the step 2-the step 4 for multiple times to obtain multiple frequency points marked as fr1,fr1…frnAnd n is the repetition number, and the operation frequency of a charge-discharge loop of the hybrid inverter is set as follows: f. ofr=∑(fr1…frn)/n。
In this embodiment, the frequency disturbance mode in step 4) includes determining the direction of the frequency disturbance by respectively disturbing once in the positive direction and the negative direction during the first disturbance.
In this embodiment, the initial power in the power disturbance mode in step 5) is greater than 50% of the rated power.
In this embodiment, the power disturbance mode of step 5) is increased to 100% of the rated value in 10% steps.
In this embodiment, the DC/AC inverter is a single-phase inverter or a three-phase inverter.
In this embodiment, the DC/AC inverter stabilizes the DC bus voltage by power balance control.
The embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
FIG. 1 shows a topology of a single-phase grid-connected hybrid inverterThe system comprises a bidirectional LLC resonant converter 101, a bidirectional Buck/Boost converter 102 and a full-bridge inverter 103. Wherein, the DC output end of the LLC resonant converter 101 is connected with the input end of the bidirectional Buck/Boost converter 102, and both ends of the DC bus are connected with a filter capacitor C2The output end of the bidirectional Buck/Boost converter 102 is connected with the DC input end of the full-bridge inverter 103, and the two ends of the DC bus are connected with a filter capacitor C3。。
101102103 is a basic functional unit, is common knowledge in the art, and need not be explained. Therefore, the connection mode of known basic elements such as a resonant capacitor, an H bridge, a fully-controlled switching device, a diode, an uncontrolled rectifying circuit, a transformer, a fully-controlled switch and the like in each unit does not need to be introduced.
Such inverters also usually have a Boost circuit connected to the photovoltaic panel, which is irrelevant in the present invention. The double-stage DC/DC converter formed by the LLC circuit and the Buck/Boost circuit has the advantages that the LLC circuit at the front stage realizes a high-efficiency direct-current transformer function, and the control of the Buck/Boost circuit at the rear stage is simpler. LLC circuits do not require frequency modulation to adjust the output voltage of the circuit, and therefore operate optimally at a fixed resonant frequency point. Its resonant frequency frBy a resonant inductance LrAnd a resonance capacitor CrDetermining, as shown in formula 1:
Figure BDA0001502225060000051
however, due to the relatively low manufacturing accuracy of the inductor and the capacitor and the influence of the stray parameters in the circuit, which cannot be accurately predicted, it is difficult for the mass-produced hybrid inverters to work at a uniform resonant frequency point, so that it is necessary for the individual inverters to automatically find their respective resonant frequencies before normal operation. The specific implementation steps are as follows:
1) starting the grid-connected side inverter 101, and stabilizing the DC bus voltage U through a double closed-loop control strategy3FIG. 2 shows a block diagram of a voltage closed-loop control strategy of a single-phase inverter, and FIG. 3 showsA voltage closed-loop control strategy block diagram of a three-phase inverter is disclosed. The direct control method is characterized in that a single-phase inverter or a three-phase inverter stabilizes the voltage of a direct-current bus through power balance control, and the direct control object is active grid-connected current on the premise that the voltage of a power grid is fixed.
2) The Buck/Boost converter 102 works in a Buck running state, namely the IGBT of V6 does not act, the IGBT of V5 acts, and the control inductor L1Flows from point a to point B in fig. 1, and in order to operate the LLC circuit at the high Q point, the magnitude of the current should be large, e.g., equal to or greater than 0.5InWherein Q is a quality factor, InIs the rated current. Fig. 4 shows a current closed-loop control strategy of the Buck/Boost converter. The output power of the LLC circuit is stabilized through constant current closed-loop control and constant voltage closed-loop control in the step 1, and the fluctuation range of the Q value of the system is smaller.
3) The LLC circuit works in a reverse mode, namely MOSFETs of Q5-Q8 do not work, a full-bridge uncontrolled rectifying circuit is formed by body diodes of the MOSFETs, the MOSFETs of Q1-Q4 work, and square wave excitation voltage with 50% of duty ratio is applied to the resonant cavity. At this time, the excitation inductor is connected in parallel with the battery end, no influence is generated on the resonant cavity, the circuit is degenerated into an LC circuit, but the resonant frequency at this time is irrelevant to the running direction of the LLC circuit and is still determined by the formula (1), and the gain can be expressed as follows:
Figure BDA0001502225060000052
wherein: ω is 2 pi f, f is the actual operating frequency of the circuit;
Figure BDA0001502225060000061
RACis defined as the equivalent impedance of the alternating current,
Vofor the output voltage of LLC circuit, IoAnd outputting current for the LLC circuit, wherein N is the transformer transformation ratio.
Fig. 5 is a gain curve corresponding to different Q values in the operating state, and the theoretical value of the peak gain is 1, but due to the influence of the transformer transformation ratio and the line stray parameters, the actually calculated value is hardly equal to 1, but it can still be determined that the frequency corresponding to the peak gain point is the resonant frequency point, and it can be seen that the attenuation of the gain derivative is faster when the Q value is larger, which is advantageous for extracting the maximum gain.
The reverse operation mode described in step 2 and step 3 is determined according to the position where the resonance capacitor is connected.
4) As shown in FIG. 6, the LLC circuit starts the frequency perturbation mode, sets a perturbation step size Δ f, Δ f > 0, and designs the resonant frequency frsPerforming frequency disturbance as a starting point, and outputting a voltage value u to the LLC circuitoutAnd a battery terminal voltage value uinSampling is performed. Calculating f at first disturbancersGain G corresponding to frequency point1=uout1/uin1、frsGain G corresponding to + Δ f frequency point2=uout2/uin2And frs- Δ f frequency point corresponding gain G3=uout3/uin3If G is2<G1<G3Then continue the perturbation with Δ f as the step size, if G3<G1<G2Then continue the perturbation with- Δ f as step length, if G2<G1>G3F is thenrsNamely the resonance frequency point. When the disturbance step length is delta f, the disturbance is continued until G appears from the disturbance to the nth timen-1<GnThen f will bers+ (n-1) Δ f is used as a resonance frequency point of the LLC circuit; otherwise, carrying out reverse-direction disturbance until G appears when the disturbance reaches the nth timen-1<GnThen f will bers- (n-1) Δ f as a resonance frequency point of the LLC circuit.
In the disturbance process, the output voltage of the LLC circuit and the battery terminal voltage are likely to fluctuate, but the disturbance caused by fluctuation of the absolute value of the voltage is shielded by a gain calculation mode. The fluctuation of the output voltage of the LLC circuit will also cause the equivalent AC impedance RACThe Q value fluctuates, but it is indicated by the Gain shown in fig. 5 that the frequency corresponding to the maximum Gain point is always fixed regardless of the Q-Gain curve. Of course, limiting the Q value to a small range can reduce the settling time of the system and speed up the search for the resonant frequencyThe speed of (2).
5) Since the power level may affect the electrical parameters of the resonator, and to eliminate the error in a single search, the power is perturbed to increase the number of sampling gain curves, starting at 50% of the rated power and starting at 10% InIncreasing the output current of the Buck/Boost converter for the step length until reaching 100 percent InRepeating the steps 2 to 4 to obtain resonant frequencies marked as f under a plurality of Q value curvesr0.5,fr0.6…fr1.0The simpler method to eliminate the error is to set the actual operating frequency of the circuit to fr=(fr0.5+fr0.6…+fr1.0)/6. In the actual operation process, the frequency which may be solved has a value with a large deviation, and the data can be analyzed and processed in a statistical correlation mode. For the initially determined frequency point, the frequency and the density of power scanning can be increased, more actual calculated values of the resonant frequency can be obtained, and the calculation accuracy is further improved.
The scheme eliminates the influence of parasitic parameters, does not need to calculate an absolute output voltage value, does not need an auxiliary accurate voltage source or a load, can be executed at any time in an actual application scene, and can effectively correct the frequency offset caused by nonlinear factors in the operation of the circuit, so that the charging and discharging loop of the hybrid inverter always works at an optimal working point.
The foregoing detailed description of the preferred embodiments of the invention has been presented. It should be understood that numerous modifications and variations could be devised by those skilled in the art in light of the present teachings without departing from the inventive concepts. Therefore, the technical solutions available to those skilled in the art through logic analysis, reasoning and limited experiments based on the prior art according to the concept of the present invention should be within the scope of protection defined by the claims.

Claims (6)

1. A control method for automatically optimizing a charge-discharge loop in a hybrid inverter is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) enabling the grid-connected side DC/AC inverter to work in a direct-current bus constant-voltage closed-loop control mode;
2) the bidirectional Buck/Boost converter works in a constant current closed-loop control mode, and the LLC converter works in a reverse running mode by giving a current direction;
3) the LLC converter works in a reverse running mode, and a full-control switch device of the H bridge on the same side of the resonant capacitor does not have a driving signal, wherein a body diode forms an uncontrolled rectifying circuit and applies a driving signal with the duty ratio of 50% to a full-control switch of the H bridge directly connected with the transformer;
4) the LLC converter starts a frequency disturbance mode, namely firstly, the direction of a disturbance step length delta f is judged, and if the delta f is equal to 0, the set starting frequency f is setrsAs a point of resonance frequency, otherwise with a set starting frequency frsTaking delta f as a starting point to carry out frequency disturbance, calculating the voltage gain of the LLC converter, judging the disturbance direction according to the change direction of the gain, continuing the disturbance in the original direction if the gain is increased, and indicating that the previous frequency point is the resonant frequency point if the gain is reduced;
5) starting a power disturbance mode of the bidirectional Buck/Boost converter, namely sequentially increasing the given current value of the step 2) to 100% of the rated value by a set step length, repeating the steps 2) -4) n times to obtain n frequency points, and marking the frequency points as fr1,fr1…frnAnd if n is the repetition number, the operation frequency of the charge-discharge loop of the hybrid inverter is set as follows: f. ofr=∑(fr1…frn)/n。
2. The method for controlling automatic optimization of the charge-discharge loop in the hybrid inverter according to claim 1, wherein: in step 4), the frequency disturbance mode comprises the step of setting a starting point frequency f during first disturbancersThe positive direction and the negative direction are disturbed once respectively, the direction in which the gain is increased is taken as the disturbance direction, and if the gains in the positive direction and the negative direction are both reduced, the disturbance is not needed.
3. The control method for automatically optimizing the charge and discharge loop in the hybrid inverter according to claim 1, wherein: in step 5), the initial power in the power disturbance mode is greater than 50% of the rated power.
4. The control method for automatically optimizing the charge and discharge loop in the hybrid inverter according to claim 1, wherein: in step 5), the power disturbance mode is increased to 100% of the rated value in 10% steps.
5. The control method for automatically optimizing the charge and discharge loop in the hybrid inverter according to claim 1, wherein: the DC/AC inverter is a single-phase inverter or a three-phase inverter.
6. The control method for automatically optimizing the charge and discharge loop in the hybrid inverter according to claim 1, wherein: the DC/AC inverter stabilizes the DC bus voltage through power balance control.
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