CN108007840A - A kind of permeability apparatus that can simulate waterpower gradient magnitude and direction dynamic changing condition - Google Patents
A kind of permeability apparatus that can simulate waterpower gradient magnitude and direction dynamic changing condition Download PDFInfo
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- CN108007840A CN108007840A CN201711310448.3A CN201711310448A CN108007840A CN 108007840 A CN108007840 A CN 108007840A CN 201711310448 A CN201711310448 A CN 201711310448A CN 108007840 A CN108007840 A CN 108007840A
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- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 137
- 229920005479 Lucite® Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 63
- 239000004926 polymethyl methacrylate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 63
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009738 saturating Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012780 transparent material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009827 uniform distribution Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000008400 supply water Substances 0.000 claims 3
- 238000001764 infiltration Methods 0.000 abstract description 20
- 230000008595 infiltration Effects 0.000 abstract description 20
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 17
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000000875 corresponding effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003204 osmotic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007605 air drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010009 beating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003139 buffering effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002596 correlated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002706 hydrostatic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010030 laminating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005325 percolation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005204 segregation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/08—Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface area of porous materials
- G01N15/0806—Details, e.g. sample holders, mounting samples for testing
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Investigation Of Foundation Soil And Reinforcement Of Foundation Soil By Compacting Or Drainage (AREA)
Abstract
A kind of permeability apparatus that can simulate waterpower gradient magnitude and direction dynamic changing condition, including permeameter main body, water supply installation, captation, the permeameter main body includes runing rest, holds the lucite tube of test sample, the lucite tube is installed on runing rest, and the lucite tube rotates with runing rest and adjusts angle of inclination.The water supply installation includes water tank, supplies bucket by connecting line connection for bucket, water tank, connects permeameter main body by connecting line for bucket, supplies water to permeameter main body.The captation includes dust-collecting bucket, and dust-collecting bucket connects permeameter main body by connecting line, and the water that permeameter main body penetrates under hydraulic gradient size and Orientation change condition is flowed in dust-collecting bucket.The present invention is by adjusting bucket and the relative altitude of dust-collecting bucket and the angle of inclination of lucite tube is supplied, and to change test sample hydraulic gradient size and Orientation, so that the true seepage environment residing for simulation test sample, dynamically measures the infiltration coefficient of test sample.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to Geotechnical Engineering field, is specifically that one kind can simulate waterpower gradient magnitude and direction dynamic change
The permeability apparatus of condition.
Background technology
The infiltrative research of soil is one of soil mechanics and geotechnical engineering neighborhood problem that is important and being of practical significance, it
Closely related with human lives, the field being related to is extensive, including：Water conservancy, building, mining, traffic, oil, agricultural etc..Water is in soil
The phenomenon flowed in body opening gap is known as seepage flow, and seepage flow can cause the seepage deformation of the soil body, directly to earth structure and ground
Stability and security impacts, and the permeability for studying soil is extremely important.Infiltration coefficient is concentrated expression soil body permeability
One index, native infiltration coefficient can preferably judge the permeability of soil in Accurate Determining true environment, have to infiltration calculation
Important meaning.
The method of indoor measurement infiltration coefficient is broadly divided into hydrostatic head method and variable water level method at present, by varying percolation flow velocity
Size forms the methods of different hydraulic slopes to measure infiltration coefficient.Both approaches only take into account adjustment hydraulic gradient size and
It has ignored adjustment hydraulic gradient direction, it is impossible to simulate the influence of waterpower gradient magnitude and direction dynamic change to infiltration coefficient, nothing
Method accurately reflects permeability feature native under different hydraulic gradients in true environment.In order to simulate the true seepage flow ring of inside soil body
Border, more accurately obtains the soil body and changes in hydraulic gradient（The change of size and Orientation）Under the conditions of infiltration coefficient dynamic evolution
Rule, develops a set of infiltration dress that can be simulated in the measure soil body osmotic coefficient of hydraulic gradient size and Orientation dynamic changing condition
Put and be very important.
The content of the invention
To solve problems of the prior art, the present invention, which provides one kind, can simulate waterpower gradient magnitude and direction dynamic
The permeability apparatus of change condition, can simulate the dynamic change situation of the hydraulic gradient size and Orientation of inside soil body in experiment,
Can be under the single change of hydraulic gradient size and Orientation or hydraulic gradient size and Orientation while dynamic changing condition to the soil body
Infiltration coefficient is measured, more accurately obtain the soil body under hydraulic gradient size and Orientation change condition infiltration coefficient it is dynamic
State Evolution, additionally it is possible to determine the big of critical hydraulic gradient by observing test sample seepage deformation process in lucite tube
Small and direction, more intuitively reflects the Penetration Signature of the soil body.
The technical solution that the present invention takes is：
A kind of permeability apparatus that can simulate waterpower gradient magnitude and direction dynamic changing condition, including permeameter main body, water supply dress
Put, captation, the permeameter main body includes runing rest, holds the lucite tube of test sample, the organic glass
Pipe is installed on runing rest, and the lucite tube rotates with runing rest and adjusts angle of inclination.The water supply installation bag
Include water tank, bucket is supplied by connecting line connection for bucket, water tank, permeameter master is connected by connecting line for bucket
Body, supplies water to permeameter main body.The captation includes dust-collecting bucket, and dust-collecting bucket connects permeameter main body by connecting line,
The water that permeameter main body penetrates under hydraulic gradient size and Orientation change condition is flowed in dust-collecting bucket.
The permeameter main body further include upper cover plate, upper porous disc, lower porous disc, support tube, lower cover, fastening bolt,
Fixing bracket.Lucite tube one end is placed in lower cover top circular groove, lower cover bottom surface set water outlet, it is described go out
The mouth of a river is connected with outlet pipe, and upper porous disc and lower porous disc are placed in lucite tube, and lower porous disc is by being placed on lower cover
Support tube support in top groove, test sample are placed between porous disc and lower porous disc, and gravel is filled on upper porous disc
Stone or bead, the lucite tube other end set upper cover plate, water inlet, water inlet and water supply rubber tube are set at the top of upper cover plate
Connection, upper cover plate make lucite tube be formed as a confined space with lower cover.In the lucite tube by upper cover plate extremely
Lower cover can be divided into water breeze way, dress sample section, water exit end, and three bolts are set around the circumference uniform distribution of upper cover plate and lower cover
Hole, the support annulus on runing rest are sleeved on centre position outside lucite tube, and fastening bolt sequentially passes through upper cover crab bolt
Hole, support annulus bolt hole and lower cover bolt hole, upper cover plate, lucite tube, support annulus and lower cover are closely connected,
Support annulus is fixed in fastening bolt by nut, and the supporting rod on runing rest is inserted into support bracket fastened riser corresponds to
Card slot in, supporting rod can be freely rotated in card slot, hold the lucite tube of test sample with the branch on runing rest
The rotation of strut and adjust angle of inclination.
The water supply barrel side wall of the water supply installation from top to bottom installs water inlet rubber tube and spilling water rubber tube, rubber tube of intaking
It is connected with water tank, the pure water held in water tank or distilled water is transported to confession by the water pump on water inlet rubber tube
In bucket, the water overflowed for bucket is back to water tank by spilling water rubber tube, and water supply bottom of the barrel sets water supply rubber tube and upper cover
Plate water inlet connects, and is supplied water by water supply rubber tube to permeameter main body.
The bottom of the barrel of catchmenting of the captation sets water outlet rubber tube, and water outlet rubber tube is connected with lower cover apopore,
The water that permeameter main body penetrates under hydraulic gradient size and Orientation change condition is flowed in dust-collecting bucket by water outlet rubber tube,
Dust-collecting bucket side wall installs drainage rubber pipe, and the water of spilling is collected into graduated cylinder.
The upper cover plate is organic glass disk, and inlet opening, inlet opening and water supply rubber are set at disk end face center
Pipe is connected and sealed by hose clamp, and upper cover plate bottom surface sets circular groove, and circular groove is equipped with lucite tube contact surface
Sealing ring；The lower cover is organic glass disk, and apopore, apopore and water outlet rubber tube are set at disk bottom center
Connect and sealed by hose clamp, lower cover plate top surface sets circular groove, and circular groove is equipped with close with lucite tube contact surface
Seal.
The lucite tube is transparent material, and diameter is more than or equal to test sample particle diameterd 855 times, the length of diameter
3 ~ 4 times.The support tube is transparent organic glass pipe, highly 1 ~ 1.5 times for diameter, and tube wall is evenly distributed with permeable hole.
The upper porous disc, lower porous disc are all the organic glass disk for being covered with uniform permeable hole, in porous disc and test
Plasticine is smeared along porous disc edge in the side of sample contacts.
The runing rest includes support annulus and two supporting rods；Support annulus that three uniformly distributed bolts hole are set, adopt
It is made of steel plate, supporting rod is that outer surface is evenly distributed with teeth groove and the teeth groove gear stick consistent with rod axis direction, using steel rod elements system
Into support annulus is sleeved on lucite tube centre position through fastening bolt, is fixed on by nut in fastening bolt, annulus is put down
Face is vertical with lucite tube axis；Two supporting rod axial symmetry are arranged in annulus both sides and are welded on annular edge, will prop up
Strut is placed on the corresponding card slot of fixing bracket, and supporting rod can be freely rotated in card slot, and lucite tube is with supporting rod
Rotation and adjust angle of inclination, so as to fulfill the change in hydraulic gradient direction, bayonet is set above card slot, by bayonet
Card the rotation of supporting rod is limited on the teeth groove of supporting rod.
The fixing bracket includes two pieces of risers being placed in parallel and two fixing bolts, and two pieces of risers are made of steel plate,
Two bolts hole are symmetrical arranged with vertical axis one piece of riser bottom, another piece of riser sets bolt hole in correspondence position, Gu
Determine bolt and pass through the corresponding bolt hole of two pieces of risers, fixed bolt and riser by nut, along riser vertical axis away from riser top
Corresponding card slot is set at a certain distance from portion, bayonet is arranged above in card slot, installation card made of steel plate on bayonet,
Card may be stuck on supporting rod teeth groove.
It is described to be both provided with lifting component for bucket and dust-collecting bucket, by lifting phase of the component adjustment for bucket and dust-collecting bucket
To height, to change test sample both sides head pressure.
A kind of permeability apparatus that can simulate waterpower gradient magnitude and direction dynamic changing condition of the present invention, by adjusting water supply
Bucket and the relative altitude of dust-collecting bucket and the angle of inclination of lucite tube, to change test sample hydraulic gradient size and side
To so that the true seepage environment residing for simulation test sample, dynamically measures the infiltration coefficient of test sample, more accurately obtains
Fetch earth the dynamic evolution rule of body infiltration coefficient under hydraulic gradient size and Orientation change condition；Using transparent organic glass pipe
Test sample is held, facilitates fine grain bounce, movement, the generation of infiltration lane, the muddy degree of water during observation experiment
Phenomena such as, more accurately determine the size and Orientation of critical hydraulic gradient, can intuitively reflect the Penetration Signature of the soil body.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the overall structure diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the overall positive structure diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the permeameter main body positive structure diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is the permeameter main body left view structural representation of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is the left view structural representation under the permeameter main body angle of inclination of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is the main structure diagram of the upper cover plate of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is the present invention looks up structural representation of the lower cover of the present invention.
Fig. 8 is the structure diagram of the porous disc of the present invention.
Fig. 9 is the main structure diagram of the support tube of the present invention.
Figure 10 is the overlooking the structure diagram of the runing rest of the present invention.
Figure 11 is the support bracket fastened main structure diagram of the present invention.
Figure 12 is enlarged view at the A of Figure 11.
Figure 13 is the support bracket fastened left view structural representation of the present invention.
Figure 14 is enlarged view at the B of Figure 13.
Embodiment
It is shown in Figure 1, a kind of permeability apparatus that can simulate waterpower gradient magnitude and direction dynamic changing condition, the infiltration
Device includes permeameter main body 1, water supply installation 2, captation 3.Shown in Figure 3, the permeameter main body 1 includes upper cover plate
4th, lucite tube 8, upper porous disc 6, lower porous disc 7, support tube 9, lower cover 5, fastening bolt 10, runing rest 11, fixation
Stent 12.8 one end of lucite tube is placed in 5 top circular groove of lower cover, and 5 bottom surface of lower cover sets water outlet, water outlet
Mouth is connected with outlet pipe 19, and upper porous disc 6 and lower porous disc 7 are placed in lucite tube 8, and lower porous disc 7 is by being placed on down
Support tube 9 in 5 top groove of cover board supports, and test sample 14 is placed between porous disc 6 and lower porous disc 7, upper permeable
Pack gravel or bead 13 on plate 6,8 other end of lucite tube set upper cover plate 4, and the top of upper cover plate 4 sets water inlet, into
The mouth of a river is connected with water supply rubber tube 18, and upper cover plate 4 makes lucite tube 8 be formed as a confined space, organic glass with lower cover 5
It can be divided into water breeze way 15, dress sample section 16, water exit end 17, around upper cover plate 4 with by upper cover plate 4 to lower cover 5 in glass pipe 8
The circumference uniform distribution of cover board 5 sets three bolts hole.Support annulus 29 on runing rest 11 is sleeved among the outside of lucite tube 8
Position, fastening bolt 10 sequentially passes through 4 bolt hole of upper cover plate, support 5 bolt hole of 29 bolt hole of annulus and lower cover, by upper cover plate
4th, lucite tube 8, support annulus 29 and lower cover 5 closely connect, and support annulus 29 is fixed on fastening bolt 10 by nut
On, the supporting rod 30 on runing rest 11 is inserted into 12 riser of fixing bracket, 31 corresponding card slot 33, supporting rod 30 is in card
Can be freely rotated in groove 33, hold the lucite tube 8 of test sample with the rotation of the supporting rod 30 on runing rest 11 and
Angle of inclination is adjusted, so as to fulfill the change in hydraulic gradient direction, when permeameter main body is adjusted to required hydraulic gradient direction
Card 35 on bayonet 34 is stuck in the rotation that supporting rod 30 is limited on the teeth groove of supporting rod 30, is realized to inclined organic glass
The fixation of pipe, prevents lucite tube rotates from producing error to experimental result.
Shown in Figure 1, the water supply installation 2 includes water tank 20, water pump 23, for bucket 21, connecting line.For bucket
21 side walls from top to bottom install water inlet rubber tube 24 and spilling water rubber tube 25, and water inlet rubber tube 24 is connected with water tank 20, by pacifying
The pure water or distilled water that are held in water tank 20 are transported to in bucket 21, overflowing by the water pump 23 on water inlet rubber tube 24
Water rubber tube 25 will be back to water tank 20 for the water that bucket 21 overflows, and ensures to provide constant head for bucket 21 and reaches circulation
The effect of water.Set water supply rubber tube 18 to be connected with 4 inlet opening of upper cover plate for 21 bottom of bucket, oozed by water supply rubber tube 18
Saturating instrument main body 1 supplies water.
The captation 3 includes：Dust-collecting bucket 22, graduated cylinder 27, connecting line.22 bottom of dust-collecting bucket sets water outlet rubber tube
19 are connected with 5 apopore of lower cover, and the water that permeameter main body 1 penetrates under hydraulic gradient size and Orientation change condition passes through
Water outlet rubber tube 19 is flowed in dust-collecting bucket 22, and the water of spilling is collected into graduated cylinder 27 by 22 side wall of dust-collecting bucket installation drainage rubber pipe 26
In, ensure that dust-collecting bucket 22 provides constant head, and the convenient liquid for collecting exudation.
Shown in Figure 6, upper cover plate 4 is organic glass disk, at disk end face center set inlet opening, inlet opening with
Water supply rubber tube 18 is connected and sealed by hose clamp, and upper cover plate bottom surface sets circular groove, and depth be 15mm ~ 25mm, groove and
8 contact surface of lucite tube is equipped with sealing ring 36.Shown in Figure 7, lower cover 5 is organic glass disk, in disk bottom surface
Apopore is set at center, and apopore is connected with water outlet rubber tube 19 and is sealed by hose clamp, and lower cover plate top surface sets circular recessed
Groove, depth are 15mm ~ 25mm, and groove is equipped with sealing ring 36 ' with 8 contact surface of lucite tube.
Shown in Figure 3, lucite tube 8 is transparent material, easy to observe the correlated phenomena of experimentation, directly
Footpath is not less than test sample particle diameterd 855 times, 3 ~ 4 times of the length of diameter.
Shown in Figure 8, upper porous disc 6 and lower porous disc 7 are all the organic glass disk for being covered with uniform permeable hole, saturating
Water plate smears plasticine with the side that test sample 14 contacts along porous disc edge, prevents test sample 14 from porous disc and tube wall
Gap in flow out.
Shown in Figure 9, support tube 9 is transparent organic glass pipe, a diameter of 100mm ~ 150mm, highly for diameter 1 ~
1.5 times, tube wall is evenly distributed with permeable hole, easy to observe the current that water exit end penetrates.
Shown in Figure 10, runing rest 11 includes support annulus 29 and two supporting rods 30.Annulus 29 is supported to set three
A uniformly distributed bolt hole, is made of steel plate, and supporting rod 30 is that outer surface is evenly distributed with teeth groove and teeth groove is consistent with rod axis direction
Gear stick, is made of steel rod elements.Support annulus 29 is sleeved on 8 centre position of lucite tube through fastening bolt 10, passes through spiral shell
Mother is fixed in fastening bolt 10, and circular planes are vertical with 8 axis of lucite tube；Two 30 axial symmetry of supporting rod are arranged in circle
29 both sides of ring are simultaneously welded on 29 edge of annulus, supporting rod 30 are placed on the corresponding card slot 33 of fixing bracket 12, supporting rod
30 can be freely rotated in card slot 33, and lucite tube 8 adjusts angle of inclination with the rotation of supporting rod 30, so as to fulfill water
The change of power gradient direction, sets bayonet 34 above card slot 33, and the tooth of supporting rod 30 is stuck in by the card 35 in bayonet 34
The rotation of supporting rod 30 is limited on groove, realizes the fixation to inclined lucite tube, prevents lucite tube from rotating to experiment
As a result error is produced.
Referring to shown in Figure 11-14, fixing bracket 12 includes two pieces of risers 31 being placed in parallel and two fixing bolts 32.Two
Block riser 31 is made of steel plate, is symmetrical arranged two bolts hole one piece of riser bottom with vertical axis, another piece of riser is right
Answer position that bolt hole is set, fixing bolt 32 passes through the corresponding bolt hole of two pieces of risers, consolidated bolt 32 and riser 31 by nut
It is fixed, along riser vertical axis away from corresponding card slot 33 is set at a certain distance from riser top, bayonet 34 is arranged above in card slot,
Installation card 35, card 35 made of steel plate may be stuck on 30 teeth groove of supporting rod on bayonet 34.
The rubber tube uses high-strength rubber pipe, and rubber tube carries out preventing water leakage measure with component junction.The water supply
Bucket 21 is both provided with lifting component 28 with dust-collecting bucket 22, by lifting the adjustment of component 28 for the relatively high of bucket 21 and dust-collecting bucket 22
Spend to change test sample both sides head pressure.
Below to measuring soil body osmotic coefficient under hydraulic gradient size and Orientation dynamic changing condition using the present invention
Application method is described in detail：
（1）Fill sample：8 one end of lucite tube is placed in horizontal positioned 5 top surface groove of lower cover, support tube 9 is placed on
5 top surface groove center position of lower cover, lower porous disc 7 is positioned on support tube 9, in lower porous disc 7 and 8 tube wall of lucite tube
Plasticine is smeared at the gap of contact；Then from air-drying, taking representative earth material sample in loose earth material sample, carry out
Screen analysis test, determines the grain composition of sample, further according to the dry density and specimen height for needing to control, calculates needed for sample
Weight, after weighing dispensing, to reduce thickness material segregation phenomenon, ensures the uniformity of sample, can drink plus weigh 1 ~ 2% equivalent to sample
Moisture, mix even laminating is fitted into lucite tube 8, using the density for hitting real or vibration encryption method and reaching requirement；Examination
Porous disc 6 is put into after the completion of sample filling, gravel is loaded on upper porous disc 6 or bead 13, gravel or bead reaches
The effect for enter water buffering, uniformly infiltrating, is sleeved on the outside of lucite tube 8 by the support annulus 29 on runing rest 11, covers
Cover board 4, fastening bolt 10 sequentially pass through 4 bolt hole of upper cover plate, support annulus 29 bolt hole, 5 bolt hole of lower cover by upper cover plate
4th, lucite tube 8, runing rest 11, lower cover 5 closely connect, and mounted instrument is placed on fixing bracket 12, even
Connect water supply installation 2.
（2）Saturation：The actual (real) thickness of sample is measured, saturation exhaust is carried out using hot water saturation, test sample will be held
The water inlet of 14 lucite tube 8 is under, the storage hot water in the water tank 20, by water pump 23 by delivery to supplying bucket
21, the water level for bucket 21 is slightly above sample basal surface position, slowly lifting supplies bucket 21,1cm is lifted every time, when for bucket
Water level is equal with water level in sample to be further continued for being lifted, and hot water slowly penetrates into upwards from instrument bottom, it is ensured that makes the slow saturation of sample
To exclude the air in sample completely.
（3）After the completion for the treatment of sample saturation, captation 3 is connected, and adjust and make for bucket 21 and 22 relative altitude of dust-collecting bucket
Water level is consistent, slowly adjusts 8 angle of inclination of lucite tube, card 35 is stuck in 30 tooth of supporting rod when reaching requirement of experiment angle
In groove, then adjustment reaches initial infiltration gradient for bucket 21 with 22 relative altitude of dust-collecting bucket, improves infiltration step by step after stablizing
Gradient, uses graduated cylinder 21 to measure water percolating capacity 3 times after raising head 30min to 1h every time, surveys read time every time at intervals of 10 ~ 20 points
Clock, while survey and read water temperature, room temperature, and the situation of change of dress sample section test sample is observed by transparent organic glass pipe.As carefully
Whether the beating, move of particle, the generation of infiltration lane, muddy degree, fine grained in water exit end observation water are taken out of by current
Deng, if the water percolating capacity measured three times is basicly stable, and phenomenon without exception, you can next stage hydraulic gradient is arrived in lifting.For every
Level hydraulic gradient repeats aforesaid operations, until test sample destroys, when head cannot be further continued for increase, you can terminate experiment,
Hydraulic gradient size and direction are critical hydraulic gradient size and Orientation during test sample seepage failure, by measuring each
The infiltration coefficient of test sample, obtains soil body infiltration coefficient under hydraulic gradient size and Orientation change condition under level hydraulic gradient
Dynamic evolution rule.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of permeability apparatus that can simulate waterpower gradient magnitude and direction dynamic changing condition, including permeameter main body（1）, supply
Water installations（2）, captation（3）, it is characterised in that：The permeameter main body（1）Including runing rest（11）, hold test examination
Sample（14）Lucite tube（8）, the lucite tube（8）Installed in runing rest（11）On, the lucite tube（8）
With runing rest（11）Rotate and adjust angle of inclination；The water supply installation（2）Including water tank（20）, for bucket（21）, storage
Water tank（20）Bucket is supplied by connecting line connection（21）, for bucket（21）Permeameter main body is connected by connecting line（1）, give
Permeameter main body（1）Supply water；The captation（3）Including dust-collecting bucket（22）, dust-collecting bucket（22）Oozed by connecting line connection
Saturating instrument main body（1）, permeameter main body（1）The water penetrated under hydraulic gradient size and Orientation change condition flows to dust-collecting bucket
（22）In.
2. a kind of permeability apparatus that can simulate waterpower gradient magnitude and direction dynamic changing condition according to claim 1, its
It is characterized in that：The permeameter main body（1）Further include upper cover plate（4）, upper porous disc（6）, lower porous disc（7）, support tube（9）、
Lower cover（5）, fastening bolt（10）, fixing bracket（12）；
Lucite tube（8）One end is placed on lower cover（5）In top circular groove, lower cover（5）Bottom surface sets water outlet, institute
State water outlet and water outlet rubber tube（19）Connection, upper porous disc（6）With lower porous disc（7）It is placed on lucite tube（8）It is interior, under
Porous disc（7）By being placed on lower cover（5）Support tube in top groove（9）Support, test sample（14）It is placed on permeable
Plate（6）With lower porous disc（7）Between, upper porous disc（6）Upper pack gravel or bead（13）, lucite tube（8）The other end
Upper cover plate is set（4）, upper cover plate（4）Top sets water inlet, water inlet and water supply rubber tube（18）Connection, upper cover plate（4）With
Lower cover（5）Make lucite tube（8）Be formed as a confined space；
The lucite tube（8）It is interior by upper cover plate（4）To lower cover（5）It can be divided into water breeze way（15）, dress sample section（16）、
Water exit end（17）, around upper cover plate（4）With lower cover（5）Circumference uniform distribution set three bolts hole, runing rest（11）On
Support annulus（29）It is sleeved on lucite tube（8）Exterior centre position, fastening bolt（10）Sequentially pass through upper cover plate（4）Bolt
Hole, support annulus（29）Bolt hole and lower cover（5）Bolt hole, by upper cover plate（4）, lucite tube（8）, support annulus（29）
And lower cover（5）Close connection, supports annulus（29）Fastening bolt is fixed on by nut（10）On, by runing rest（11）On
Supporting rod（30）It is inserted into fixing bracket（12）Riser（31）Corresponding card slot（33）In, supporting rod（30）In card slot（33）
In can be freely rotated, hold test sample（14）Lucite tube（8）With runing rest（11）On supporting rod（30）'s
Rotate and adjust angle of inclination.
3. a kind of permeability apparatus that can simulate waterpower gradient magnitude and direction dynamic changing condition according to claim 1, its
It is characterized in that：The water supply installation（2）Supply bucket（21）Side wall from top to bottom installs water inlet rubber tube（24）With spilling water rubber
Pipe（25）, rubber tube of intaking（24）With water tank（20）Connection, by installed in water inlet rubber tube（24）On water pump（23）Will storage
Water tank（20）In the pure water that holds or distilled water be transported to for bucket（21）In, spilling water rubber tube（25）Will be for bucket（21）Overflow
The water gone out is back to water tank（20）, for bucket（21）Bottom sets water supply rubber tube（18）With upper cover plate（4）Water inlet connects,
Pass through water supply rubber tube（18）Give permeameter main body（1）Supply water.
4. a kind of permeability apparatus that can simulate waterpower gradient magnitude and direction dynamic changing condition according to claim 1, its
It is characterized in that：The captation（3）Dust-collecting bucket（22）Bottom sets water outlet rubber tube（19）, water outlet rubber tube（19）With under
Cover board（5）Apopore connects, permeameter main body（1）The water penetrated under hydraulic gradient size and Orientation change condition is by going out
Water rubber tube（19）Flow to dust-collecting bucket（22）In, dust-collecting bucket（22）Side wall installs drainage rubber pipe（26）, the water of spilling is collected
To graduated cylinder（27）In.
5. a kind of permeability apparatus that can simulate waterpower gradient magnitude and direction dynamic changing condition according to claim 2, its
It is characterized in that：The upper cover plate（4）For organic glass disk, inlet opening is set at disk end face center, and inlet opening is with supplying water
Rubber tube（18）Connect and sealed by hose clamp, upper cover plate（4）Bottom surface sets circular groove, circular groove and lucite tube
（8）Contact surface is equipped with sealing ring（36）；The lower cover（5）For organic glass disk, set out at disk bottom center
Water hole, apopore and water outlet rubber tube（19）Connect and sealed by hose clamp, lower cover（5）Top surface sets circular groove, circular
Groove and lucite tube（8）Contact surface is equipped with sealing ring（36）.
6. a kind of permeability apparatus that can simulate waterpower gradient magnitude and direction dynamic changing condition according to claim 1, its
It is characterized in that：The lucite tube（8）For transparent material, diameter is more than or equal to test sample particle diameterd 855 times, it is the length of
3 ~ 4 times of diameter；The support tube（9）For transparent organic glass pipe, highly 1 ~ 1.5 times for diameter, tube wall is evenly distributed with permeable hole.
7. a kind of permeability apparatus that can simulate waterpower gradient magnitude and direction dynamic changing condition according to claim 2, its
It is characterized in that：The upper porous disc（6）, lower porous disc（7）It is all the organic glass disk for being covered with uniform permeable hole, in porous disc
With test sample（14）Plasticine is smeared along porous disc edge in the side of contact.
8. a kind of permeability apparatus that can simulate waterpower gradient magnitude and direction dynamic changing condition according to claim 2, its
It is characterized in that：The runing rest（11）Including supporting annulus（29）With two supporting rods（30）；Support annulus（29）Set three
A uniformly distributed bolt hole, is made, supporting rod of steel plate（30）It is that outer surface is evenly distributed with teeth groove and teeth groove is consistent with rod axis direction
Gear stick, be made of steel rod elements, support annulus（29）Through fastening bolt（10）It is sleeved on lucite tube（8）Interposition
Put, fastening bolt is fixed on by nut（10）On, circular planes and lucite tube（8）Axis is vertical；Two supporting rods
（30）Axial symmetry is arranged in annulus（29）Both sides are simultaneously welded on annulus（29）On edge, by supporting rod（30）It is placed on fixing bracket
（12）Corresponding card slot（33）On, supporting rod（30）In card slot（33）In can be freely rotated, lucite tube（8）With supporting rod
（30）Rotation and adjust angle of inclination, so as to fulfill the change in hydraulic gradient direction, in card slot（33）Top sets bayonet
（34）, pass through bayonet（34）In card（35）It is stuck in supporting rod（30）Teeth groove on, limit supporting rod（30）Rotation.
9. a kind of permeability apparatus that can simulate waterpower gradient magnitude and direction dynamic changing condition according to claim 2, its
It is characterized in that：The fixing bracket（12）Including two pieces of risers being placed in parallel（31）With two fixing bolts（32）, two pieces vertical
Plate（31）It is made of steel plate, two bolts hole is symmetrical arranged with vertical axis one piece of riser bottom, another piece of riser is in correspondence
Position sets bolt hole, fixing bolt（32）Through the corresponding bolt hole of two pieces of risers, by nut by bolt（32）With riser
（31）It is fixed, along riser（31）Vertical axis is away from setting corresponding card slot at a certain distance from the top of riser（33）, in card slot（33）
It is arranged above bayonet（34）, in bayonet（34）Upper installation card made of steel plate（35）, card（35）It may be stuck in supporting rod
（30）On teeth groove.
10. a kind of permeability apparatus that can simulate waterpower gradient magnitude and direction dynamic changing condition according to claim 1, its
It is characterized in that：It is described to supply bucket（21）With dust-collecting bucket（22）It is both provided with lifting component（28）, by lifting component（28）Adjustment
For bucket（21）With dust-collecting bucket（22）Relative altitude, to change test sample（14）Both sides head pressure.
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| CN201711310448.3A CN108007840A (en) | 2017-12-11 | 2017-12-11 | A kind of permeability apparatus that can simulate waterpower gradient magnitude and direction dynamic changing condition |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201711310448.3A CN108007840A (en) | 2017-12-11 | 2017-12-11 | A kind of permeability apparatus that can simulate waterpower gradient magnitude and direction dynamic changing condition |
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| CN108007840A true CN108007840A (en) | 2018-05-08 |
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|---|---|---|---|
| CN201711310448.3A Pending CN108007840A (en) | 2017-12-11 | 2017-12-11 | A kind of permeability apparatus that can simulate waterpower gradient magnitude and direction dynamic changing condition |
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| CN109406363A (en) * | 2018-10-18 | 2019-03-01 | 昆明理工大学 | A kind of silting experimental provision of tailings material and its geotextile |
| CN109752304A (en) * | 2019-02-27 | 2019-05-14 | 中国地质大学（武汉） | A kind of varying head soil permeability coefficient measurement device |
| CN110044796A (en) * | 2019-05-15 | 2019-07-23 | 河海大学 | Geotechnical fibre filter performance and multifunctional tester |
| CN110160938A (en) * | 2019-06-24 | 2019-08-23 | 辽宁工程技术大学 | A kind of frequency conversion permeability apparatus for fragmented rock body water sand two phase fluid flow |
| CN110411930A (en) * | 2019-05-28 | 2019-11-05 | 河海大学 | A kind of water tank lifting apparatus that high hydraulic gradient is provided |
| CN111337414A (en) * | 2020-04-17 | 2020-06-26 | 水利部交通运输部国家能源局南京水利科学研究院 | Intelligent graded loading and variable-seepage-diameter ultra-large horizontal penetration test system |
| CN111398133A (en) * | 2020-05-14 | 2020-07-10 | 江苏苏源工程检测有限公司 | Soil engineering penetration slope and fall tester |
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| CN114993906A (en) * | 2022-04-24 | 2022-09-02 | 重庆大学 | Multidirectional seepage test device and test method |
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| CN109406363A (en) * | 2018-10-18 | 2019-03-01 | 昆明理工大学 | A kind of silting experimental provision of tailings material and its geotextile |
| CN109752304A (en) * | 2019-02-27 | 2019-05-14 | 中国地质大学（武汉） | A kind of varying head soil permeability coefficient measurement device |
| CN110044796A (en) * | 2019-05-15 | 2019-07-23 | 河海大学 | Geotechnical fibre filter performance and multifunctional tester |
| CN110411930A (en) * | 2019-05-28 | 2019-11-05 | 河海大学 | A kind of water tank lifting apparatus that high hydraulic gradient is provided |
| CN110160938A (en) * | 2019-06-24 | 2019-08-23 | 辽宁工程技术大学 | A kind of frequency conversion permeability apparatus for fragmented rock body water sand two phase fluid flow |
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| CN111337414A (en) * | 2020-04-17 | 2020-06-26 | 水利部交通运输部国家能源局南京水利科学研究院 | Intelligent graded loading and variable-seepage-diameter ultra-large horizontal penetration test system |
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