CN204594853U - Integrate the multi-functional linkage that sewage timesharing sampling and coefficient of permeability are tested - Google Patents
Integrate the multi-functional linkage that sewage timesharing sampling and coefficient of permeability are tested Download PDFInfo
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- CN204594853U CN204594853U CN201520128792.0U CN201520128792U CN204594853U CN 204594853 U CN204594853 U CN 204594853U CN 201520128792 U CN201520128792 U CN 201520128792U CN 204594853 U CN204594853 U CN 204594853U
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Abstract
The utility model relates to civil engineering material technical field of measurement and test, particularly relates to a kind of multi-functional linkage integrating sewage timesharing sampling and coefficient of permeability and test.This device is mainly divided into two parts.Part I is device A, and it forms primarily of water channel, cylinder overflow vent, water cylinder, overflow tank, tank overflow vent, sample mount, sample, graduation apparatus, sewage sampling pipe, high precision flow, electronic thermometer and worktable.Part II is device B, it primarily of work bucket, draining bucket, screw propeller, water pump, power switch, water pump is automatically controlled, screw propeller is automatically controlled, guide rod rotating driver and worktable composition.Be connected with two drainage ducts with a feed water line between device A and device B, form a multi-functional linkage.The utility model can meet with the situation of sewage permeation by porous pavement in Reality simulation environment, and do not obtaining the sample of sewage after sample filtration in the same time, measure the coefficient of permeability of sample, water source recycles simultaneously, simple to operate.
Description
Technical field
The utility model relates to civil engineering material technical field of measurement and test, particularly relates to a kind of water-permeable cement concrete sewage timesharing sampling and coefficient of permeability joint test technology.
Background technology
At present, about field, water-permeable cement concrete road surface temporarily without national standard, the industry standard that general reference was worked out in recent years and Beijing's provincial standard.Coefficient of permeability is the important indicator weighing pervious concrete water permeability, and industry standard and provincial standard sets forth two kinds of different method of testings." water-permeable cement concrete pavement technique code " (CJJ/T 135-2009) is the industry standard in this field, give the test unit, operation steps and the computing formula that utilize and determine head method measurement coefficient of permeability in appendix, this method is applicable to the permeable test block in laboratory and detects." pervious concrete pavement technical regulation " (DB11/T775-2010) is Beijing's provincial standard, give in Appendix B and utilize the test unit of variable water level method measurement coefficient of permeability, test procedure, result to calculate and assessment method, the water permeability that the method is applicable to pervious concrete test block and road surface detects.In the laboratory study stage, we detect with reference to the water permeability of industry standard to test block, but have found many problems, and such as directly utilize tap water supply, its hydraulic pressure is not easy to stablize, and affects data precision; Measure water-head with straight steel ruler, due to water-level fluctuation, be not easy to survey standard; Measure and terminate, the water flowed out in cylinder overflow vent and tank overflow vent is directly outwelled, and test block hole is large or quantity is many, can waste a large amount of water resource etc.
Utility model content
The purpose of this utility model is the deficiency existed for prior art, discloses a kind of multi-functional linkage integrating sewage timesharing sampling and coefficient of permeability and test.This device can meet with the situation of sewage permeation by porous pavement in Reality simulation environment, and do not obtaining the sample of sewage after sample filtration in the same time, measure the coefficient of permeability of sample, water source recycles simultaneously, simple to operate.
The purpose of this utility model is achieved through the following technical solutions, integrate the multi-functional linkage that sewage timesharing sampling and coefficient of permeability are tested, be provided with worktable A, worktable B, work bucket, draining bucket, water pump, overflow tank, water cylinder, sample sampling pipe, power switch;
Described worktable A arranges overflow tank, worktable B is arranged described work bucket, between worktable A, B, described draining bucket is set; Overflow tank, draining bucket, working water bottom of the barrel are respectively equipped with and can control water drain valve; The height of described worktable A is higher than the height of described draining bucket, work bucket;
Described overflow tank top is provided with overflow vent, overflow vent connects described work bucket, draining bucket respectively by first row water conduit, flowmeter is provided with between described first row water conduit and described overflow tank overflow vent, first row water conduit between work bucket and described draining bucket is provided with second row water control valve, and the arm of first row water conduit introducing draining bucket is provided with the 4th draining control valve; Electronic thermometer is provided with in overflow tank; Described overflow water trough floor is provided with sample mount, and the height of sample mount is lower than described overflow tank overflow vent lower limb height;
Described water cylinder is arranged in described sample mount, and the sample mount in water cylinder is provided with sample, and water cylinder lower end is lower than described overflow tank overflow vent, and water cylinder upper end is stretched out outside described overflow tank; Water cylinder top is provided with overflow vent, overflow vent on water cylinder connects described work bucket, draining bucket respectively by second row water conduit, second row water conduit between work bucket and described draining bucket arranges first row water control valve, the arm of second row water conduit introducing draining bucket is provided with the 3rd draining control valve; Described water cylinder side wall is provided with vertically disposed rule;
Described sample sampling pipe is arranged in described overflow tank, and sample sampling pipe lower end to be stretched in sample mount and is positioned at below sample, and sample sampling pipe upper end is stretched out outside described overflow tank;
Be provided with screw propeller in described work bucket, screw propeller is fixed on working water barrel bottom center by guide rod, and guide rod is driven by guide rod rotating driver, and guide rod rotating driver is positioned at above work bucket; Described work bucket connects described water pump via feed water line, and water pump connects described water cylinder via feed water line, water channel;
It is automatically controlled automatically controlled with screw propeller that described power switch is provided with water pump, and water pump is automatically controlled connects described water pump by wire, and screw propeller is automatically controlled connects described guide rod rotating driver by wire;
Described water channel, cylinder overflow vent, water cylinder, overflow tank, tank overflow vent, sample mount, sample, graduation apparatus, sewage sampling pipe, flowmeter, electronic thermometer and worktable A constituent apparatus A;
Described work bucket, draining bucket, screw propeller, water pump, power switch, water pump is automatically controlled, screw propeller is automatically controlled, guide rod rotating driver and worktable B constituent apparatus B.
Preferably, described sample mount is tubulose, sample mount bottom tube wall is evenly distributed with semicircle hole, sample mount bottom tube wall is provided with sewage sampling pipe hole, sample mount upper portion inner tube wall is formed circular upper cushion cap face, sample mount internal diameter above upper cushion cap face is greater than sample mount internal diameter below cushion cap face, and above upper cushion cap face, sample mount internal diameter is a bit larger tham described water outside diameter of cylinder, and above upper cushion cap face, sample mount forms outward flange circle; Sample is shelved on cushion cap face, and water cylinder lower end is inserted in from the upper surface of sample, and and sample mount outward flange circle clamping.
Preferably, described overflow tank builds pipe by polymetylmethacrylate organic glass and polymetylmethacrylate organic glass circular bottom plate is cementing forms, overflow tank transparent visual, cementing place is water-tight, the radius of described circular bottom plate is 240-260mm, described in build pipe height be 370-390mm.
Preferably, described water cylinder is that pipe built by polymetylmethacrylate organic glass, and water barrel bore controls between 50mm-55mm.
Preferably, described overflow tank overflow vent and first row water conduit junction are provided with threaded sleeve; Threaded sleeve is equipped with in described water cylinder overflow vent and second row water conduit junction.
Preferably, described rule 0 scale mark is above water cylinder overflow vent lower limb is horizontal, and the lower end of rule scale mark is lower than overflow tank overflow vent lower limb horizontal line.
Preferably, lower than overflow tank overflow vent lower limb horizontal line bottom described electronic thermometer, the digital display screen of electronic thermometer is higher than the top of overflow tank, and electronic thermometer precision is 0.5 DEG C.
Preferably, by curved, copper valve is connected between described flowmeter with the overflow vent on overflow tank, the precision of flowmeter at least to measure the flow of water when coefficient of permeability is 0.1mm/s.
Utilize the above-mentioned method integrating the multi-functional interlock device to test coefficient of permeability that sewage timesharing sampling and coefficient of permeability are tested, it is characterized in that, comprise the following steps:
Load more than half bucket air free water in A, described work bucket, temperature controls at 17-23 DEG C, fastens the controlled water drain valve processed of work bucket; Preparing 3 diameter D is 100mm, thickness L be the right cylinder of 50mm as sample, and carry out mark;
B, the diameter D measuring cylindrical specimens and thickness L, survey 3 times respectively, average, result is accurate to 1mm, calculates the top surface area A of sample,
by the surrounding of sample sand-cement slurry good seal, make its side waterproof, water only permeates from the upper and lower surface of sample; The edge of sample upper and lower surface is not blocked, in order to avoid affect surperficial actual water permeable area when smearing;
After C, by the time sample surrounding sand-cement slurry setting and harden, sample is put into vacuum extractor, is evacuated to 85-95kPa, keep 30min, add enough water simultaneously and sample is covered, and make water level exceed sample 100mm, now stop vacuumizing, soak 20min, sample is taken out;
D, sample are shelved in sample mount, are inserted in by the upper surface of the lower end of water cylinder from sample, and block with sample mount coboundary, make water cylinder, sample mount, sample all be in steady state (SS); Space putty between sample upper surface outward flange and water cylinder inner wall seals, and water can not be leaked down from edge voids;
E, sample mount is put into the center of overflow tank, the direction of adjustment cylinder overflow vent and tank overflow vent; Fasten the controlled water drain valve processed of overflow tank, the 3rd draining control valve and the 4th draining control valve; Open first row water control valve and second row water control valve; Engaging means B-source, turns on the power switch, and adjustment water pump is automatically controlled, utilizes water pump to be extracted out by water in work bucket, injects water cylinder by feed water line;
F, etc. tank overflow vent and cylinder overflow vent when there are flowing out, adjustment water pump is automatically controlled, observes water-head and flowmeter, if water-head fluctuation is within 3mm, flowmeter digital display is beated, the initial reading Q of recording flowmeter
1, the water-head on record graduation apparatus, namely the difference H of water cylinder water level and overflow tank water level, is accurate to 1mm, and the digital display reading T of recorded electronic thermometer, is accurate to 0.5 DEG C; Flowmeter final reading Q during record 300s
2, the water yield that sample flows out in 5min is (Q
2-Q
1);
The process of G, whole test, due to the running of water pump, water is be in the state of circulating always, and water feeder A, device A again by current return device B, are realized the semi-automation of test by device B substantially; Each sample testing 3 times, averages as the test value of this sample;
H, coefficient of permeability calculate according to following formula, and the test result of each sample represents with the mean value of 3 pieces of samples, calculate and are accurate to 1.0 × 10
-2mm/s,
In formula: k
t--the coefficient of permeability of sample when water temperature is T DEG C, mm/s;
Q
2-Q
1--the water yield of interior infiltration time t second, mm
3, wherein Q
1refer to flowmeter initial reading, Q
2refer to flowmeter final reading;
The thickness of L--sample, mm;
The top surface area of A--sample, mm
2;
H--water-head, mm;
The t--time, s, generally gets 300s;
Sample is with 15 DEG C of water temperatures for standard temperature, and the coefficient of permeability under standard temperature should convert according to following formula:
In formula: k
15--the coefficient of permeability of sample during standard temperature, mm/s;
η
t--the power coefficient of viscosity of water during T DEG C, kPas;
η
15--the power coefficient of viscosity of water when 15 DEG C, kPas;
--the power coefficient of viscosity ratio of water.
The method utilizing above-mentioned multi-functional linkage simultaneously to carry out sewage timesharing sampling and coefficient of permeability to test, is characterized in that:
Test water quality is sewage, and the instrument used has device A and device B.
(1) coefficient of permeability test:
Load more than half bucket water in A, described work bucket, temperature controls at 17-23 DEG C, fastens the controlled water drain valve processed of work bucket; Preparing 3 diameter D is 100mm, and thickness L is that the right cylinder of 50mm marks as sample;
B, the diameter D measuring cylindrical specimens and thickness L, survey 3 times respectively, average, result is accurate to 1mm, calculates the top surface area A of the calculating sample of sample,
by the surrounding of sample sand-cement slurry good seal, make its side waterproof, water only permeates from the upper and lower surface of sample; The edge of sample upper and lower surface is not blocked, in order to avoid affect surperficial actual water permeable area when smearing;
After C, by the time sample surrounding sand-cement slurry setting and harden, sample is put into vacuum extractor, is evacuated to 85-95kPa, keep 30min, add enough water simultaneously and sample is covered, and make water level exceed sample 100mm, now stop vacuumizing, soak 20min, sample is taken out;
D, sample are shelved in sample mount, are inserted in by the upper surface of the lower end of water cylinder from sample, and block with sample mount coboundary, make water cylinder, sample mount, sample all be in steady state (SS); Space putty between sample upper surface outward flange and water cylinder inner wall seals, and water can not be leaked down from edge voids;
E, sample mount is put into the center of overflow tank, the direction of adjustment cylinder overflow vent and tank overflow vent; Fasten the controlled water drain valve processed of overflow tank, the 3rd draining control valve and the 4th draining control valve; Open first row water control valve and second row water control valve; Engaging means B-source, turns on the power switch, and adjustment water pump is automatically controlled, utilizes water pump that the water in work bucket is drawn through feed water line and injects water cylinder;
F, etc. tank overflow vent and water cylinder overflow vent when there are flowing out, adjustment water pump is automatically controlled, observes water-head and flowmeter, if water-head fluctuation is within 3mm, flowmeter digital display is beated, recording flowmeter initial reading Q
1; The water-head that record graduation apparatus is seen, namely the difference H of water cylinder water level and overflow tank water level, is accurate to 1mm; The digital display reading T of recorded electronic thermometer, is accurate to 0.5 DEG C; Flowmeter final reading Q during record 300s
2, so, the water yield that this sample flows out in 5min is (Q
2-Q
1);
The process of G, whole test, due to the running of water pump, water is be in the state of circulating always, and water feeder A, device A again by current return device B, are realized the semi-automation of test by device B substantially; Each sample testing 3 times, averages as the test value of this sample;
H, coefficient of permeability calculate according to following formula, notice that the test result of each sample represents with the mean value of 3 pieces of samples, calculate and are accurate to 1.0 × 10
-2mm/s,
In formula: k
t--the coefficient of permeability of sample when water temperature is T DEG C, mm/s;
Q
2-Q
1--the water yield of interior infiltration time t second, mm
3, wherein Q
1refer to flowmeter initial reading, Q
2refer to flowmeter final reading;
The thickness of L--sample, mm;
The top surface area of A--sample, mm
2;
H--water-head, mm;
The t--time, s, generally gets 300s;
Sample is with 15 DEG C of water temperatures for standard temperature, and the coefficient of permeability under standard temperature should convert according to following formula:
In formula: k
15--the coefficient of permeability of sample during standard temperature, mm/s;
η
t--the power coefficient of viscosity of water during T DEG C, kPas;
η
15--the power coefficient of viscosity of water when 15 DEG C, kPas;
--the power coefficient of viscosity ratio of water;
(2) environment of prolonged high concentrations sewage through sample is simulated:
First fasten the controlled water drain valve processed of work bucket, a part quality impurity and b part quality clear water are put in work bucket, switches on power, turn on the power switch, adjustment screw propeller is automatically controlled, makes propeller rotational, sewage in abundant hybrid working bucket, now, in bucket, the concentration of sewage remains
constant;
Fasten the controlled water drain valve processed of overflow tank, first row water control valve and second row water control valve, accomplish the sewage only export but no import in work bucket, open the 3rd draining control valve and the 4th draining control valve, the current direction draining bucket that in device A, cylinder overflow vent and tank overflow vent are discharged;
Sewage from sewage sampling pipe sucking-off 25-35ml per minute, is respectively charged into volumetric flask, and labelled, is distinguished;
In the process exchanging sample for, switch off the pump automatically controlled, make sewage rest in work bucket, close the 4th draining control valve, make the water in tank overflow vent not enter draining bucket;
After reloading sample, repeatedly carry out step above, 3 pieces of samples, every block surveys 3 times, each 3 minutes, and timesharing is taken out 3 and organized sewage sample greatly, amounts to 27 bottles; 9 bottles of samples of every large group, according to the detection method of concentration, measure the concentration of each bottle of sample respectively; By timesharing concentration of wastewater and initial concentration
relatively, show that this sample is not in the same time to the clean-up effect of sewage; In addition, after sample has surveyed coefficient of permeability each time, have the sewage of 3 bottles of variable concentrations, through data processing, can obtain this average concentration of wastewater, statistics data each time, obtain not descending the relation between coefficient of permeability and concentration of wastewater in the same time;
(3) environment of the long-term filter sewage of sample is simulated:
First fasten the controlled water drain valve processed of work bucket, a part quality impurity and b part quality clear water are put in work bucket, switches on power, turn on the power switch, adjustment screw propeller is automatically controlled, makes propeller rotational, sewage in abundant hybrid working bucket, now, in bucket, the concentration of sewage remains
constant;
Fasten the controlled water drain valve processed of overflow tank, the 3rd draining control valve and the 4th draining control valve, open first row water control valve and second row water control valve, the current direction work bucket that in device A, water cylinder overflow vent and tank overflow vent are discharged; Device A and work bucket, under the collaborative work of water pump and conduit, realize water circulation;
Within every 10 minutes, from the sewage of the upper port sucking-off 25-35ml of sewage sampling pipe, be respectively charged into volumetric flask and mark;
The test of coefficient of permeability is completed in the front 3min of each sewage timesharing sampling;
60min surveyed by same sample, obtains the data of 6 groups of coefficients of permeability and the data of 6 groups of variable concentrations sewage; By timesharing concentration of wastewater and initial concentration
relatively, show that sample is under the environment of long-time filter sewage, not in the same time to the clean-up effect of sewage; Not in the same time, 6 groups of corresponding coefficient of permeability data set up corresponding graph of a relation between concentration of wastewater data.
Compared with prior art, the utility model has following beneficial effect:
(1) the utility model considers that the porous pavement in actual environment exists the phenomenon of sewage permeation, we improve on the basis of original coefficient of permeability instrument at this point, and installed other a set of equipment additional, define a kind of multi-functional linkage integrating sewage timesharing sampling and coefficient of permeability and test.Real-Time Monitoring temperature, is quick on the draw, convenient reading;
(2) supplied water by water pump, stable water pressure, size is adjustable;
(3) graduation apparatus accuracy of reading, SEA LEVEL VARIATION is easily discovered;
(4) sample mount more stable and stronger, does not hinder current in the infiltration of sample lower surface, provides a strong point to sewage sampling pipe;
(5) high precision flow possesses digital display function, and measures accurately, time saving and energy saving;
(6) the supporting ear washing bulb of sewage sampling pipe, is easy to by variable concentrations sewage in disposable sucking-off sometime, and does not affect the change of water-head;
(7) water pump achieves the possibility supplied water to device A at the water source in work barrel, and hydraulic pressure size is adjustable, with driveing with pass;
(8) application of screw propeller contributes to, by the even concentration of sewage, being unlikely to contamination precipitation, improves the accuracy of test figure;
(9) draining bucket and draining control valve are set, as the auxiliary equipment of work bucket, contribute to switching under different detecting pattern;
(10) device A and device B interlock is got up, and coefficient of permeability surveyed by the available clear water list of one side, and available sewage translocation coefficient of permeability and sewage timesharing sampling, achieve the multifunction of linkage and semi-automation etc. on the other hand.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 integrates the multi-functional linkage schematic diagram that sewage timesharing sampling and coefficient of permeability test;
In figure: 1-water channel; 2-water cylinder overflow vent; 3-water cylinder; 4-overflow tank; 5-overflow tank overflow vent; 6-sample mount; 7-sample; 8-flowmeter; 9-water-head; 10-electronic thermometer; 11-graduation apparatus; 12-sewage sampling pipe; The controlled water drain valve processed of 13-overflow tank; 14-worktable A; 15-first row water control valve; 16-second row water control valve; 17-the 3rd draining control valve; 18-the 4th draining control valve; 19-draining bucket; 20-draining bucket can control water drain valve; 21-works bucket; 22-screw propeller; The controlled water drain valve processed of 23-work bucket; 24-water pump; 25-water pump is automatically controlled; 26-screw propeller is automatically controlled; 27-power switch; 28-feed water line; 29-first row water conduit; 30-second row water conduit; 31-worktable B; 32-guide rod rotating driver.
Fig. 2 is sample mount vertical view;
In figure: 33-outward flange circle; The upper cushion cap face of 34-.
Fig. 3 is sample mount side view;
In figure: 33-outward flange circle; The upper cushion cap face of 34-; The semicircle hole of 35-; 36-sewage sampling pipe hole.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
As shown in Figure 1, 2, 3, a kind of multi-functional linkage integrating sewage timesharing sampling and coefficient of permeability and test, critical piece is by water channel 1; Cylinder overflow vent 2; Water cylinder 3; Overflow tank 4; Tank overflow vent 5; Sample mount 6; Sample 7; Flowmeter 8; Water-head 9; Electronic thermometer 10; Graduation apparatus 11; Sewage sampling pipe 12; The controlled water drain valve 13 processed of overflow tank; Worktable A14; First row water control valve 15; Second row water control valve 16; 3rd draining control valve 17; 4th draining control valve 18; Draining bucket 19; Draining bucket can control water drain valve 20; Work bucket 21; Screw propeller 22; The controlled water drain valve 23 processed of work bucket; Water pump 24; Water pump automatically controlled 25; Screw propeller automatically controlled 26; Power switch 27; Feed water line 28; First row water conduit 29; Second row water conduit 30; Worktable B31; Composition such as guide rod rotating driver 32 grade.These parts adhere to two parts separately, respectively called after device A and device B.
Shape and the connected mode of device A various piece are as follows: overflow tank 4 builds pipe by PMMA high-quality organic glass and PMMA high-quality organic glass circular bottom plate is cementing forms, transparent visual, cementing place is water-tight, radius about the 250mm of circular bottom plate, builds height about the 380mm of pipe.Sample mount 6 is processed through special dies by PMMA high-quality organic glass, support perimeter has semicircle hole 35, middle, upper cushion cap face 34 hollow out, and be provided with sewage sampling pipe 12 hole 36, width about the 10mm in upper cushion cap face 34, just in time can shelve for sample 7 and water cylinder 3, the design of support is permeable for standard not affect sample.Water cylinder 3 is built pipe by PMMA high-quality organic glass and is processed, and the radius of cylinder is as the criterion with internal diameter, controls between 50mm-55mm, prevents sample 7 from occurring dimensional discrepancy when making, and considers that sample 7 surrounding needs to smear waterproof material.The sidewall of sample mount 6 bores the circular hole of radius an about 5mm, and flexible pipe one end of a same specification is arrived the below of sample 7 through circular hole, the other end exposes the coboundary of overflow tank 4, and fixes, and this root small hose is exactly sewage sampling pipe 12.Water cylinder sticks rule 11, ensure that 0 scale mark is above cylinder overflow vent 2 lower limb is horizontal, the lower end of scale mark will lower than tank overflow vent 5 lower limb horizontal line, and scale mark should know readability.The coboundary madial wall of overflow tank 4 fixes an electronic thermometer 10, the temperature control syringe needle of thermometer should be able to be placed in water, and namely lower than tank overflow vent 5 lower limb horizontal line, the digital display screen of thermometer is higher than the top of overflow tank 4, precision is 0.5 DEG C, and is convenient to read.Install a high precision flow 8 additional at tank overflow vent 5 place, by curved, copper valve is connected between the two.Near the sidewall of base plate, overflow tank controlled water drain valve 13 processed is installed at overflow tank 4, facilitate instrument move before water is released, reduce the loss to instrument.The direction of above-described each overflow vent and sample tap, should be able to ensure to be connected smoothly with device B, and the space of reserved experimenter's operation and platform.
All circuit, switch and machines of relating in device B, be placed in without exception on device B worktable 31, worktable should be maked somebody a mere figurehead, waterproof and dampproof, and electric wire passes from worktable base plate, possess corresponding safeguard measure.Device B prepares two buckets, and one is draining bucket 19, and another is work bucket 21.Draining bucket 19 is between device A worktable 14 and device B worktable 31, and bucket lower end arranges a draining bucket can control water drain valve 20.Work bucket 21 is placed on device B worktable 31, away from one end of draining bucket 19.Screw propeller 22 is fixed on below work bucket medial center by guide rod, and its guide rod rotating driver and connection electric wire should be isolated with draining above bucket, ensure that it normally works.Work bucket 21 is away from one end of draining bucket 19, and sidewall arranges the controlled water drain valve 23 processed of work bucket near base plate place, when needing to discharge water, can connecting hose be drained by water.Work bucket 21 is near one end of draining bucket 19, and connect a conduit, interface carries out waterproof sealing process, and this conduit is connected with water system in the device A of top, by its called after feed water line 28 through after water pump 24.The connection wire of screw propeller 22 and water pump 24, through base plate, finally comes together on device B worktable sidewall, is arranged in power switch 27 after water pump automatically controlled 25 and screw propeller automatically controlled 26 carefully connect the wire, as long as switch on power, open switch, regulate corresponding automatically controlled knob, these two machines just can normally work.
Device A and device B passes through tubes connection, from cylinder overflow vent 2s, form second row water conduit 30, respectively arm is set above draining bucket 19 and work bucket 21, wherein on the arm of draining bucket 19, the 3rd draining control valve 17 is installed, after having crossed the 3rd draining control valve 17 nearby, second row water conduit 30 is installed first row water control valve 15.From tank overflow vent 5s, form first row water conduit 29, respectively arm is set above draining bucket 19 and work bucket 21, wherein on the arm of draining bucket 19, the 4th draining control valve 18 is installed, after having crossed the 4th draining control valve 18 nearby, first row water conduit 29 is installed second row water control valve 16.And note, feed water line 28, first row water conduit 29 effectively should be able to be connected with overflow vent with second row water conduit 30, and threaded sleeve is equipped with in junction, easy disassembly, change sample, and can aloft erect by certain auxiliary equipment frame.
Embodiment 2
Sewage timesharing sampling and coefficient of permeability are tested and are carried out simultaneously, the environment of the long-term filter sewage of simulation sample 7.First the controlled water drain valve 23 processed of work bucket is fastened, by a certain percentage, 10 parts of quality impurity and 90 parts of quality clear water are put in work bucket, switch on power, turn on the power switch 27, adjustment screw propeller automatically controlled 26, screw propeller 22 is rotated with certain speed, sewage in abundant hybrid working bucket 21, now, in bucket, the concentration of sewage remains 10% constant.Fasten the controlled water drain valve 13 processed of overflow tank, the 3rd draining control valve 17 and the 4th draining control valve 18.Open first row water control valve 15 and second row water control valve 16, the current direction work bucket 21 that in device A, cylinder overflow vent 2 and tank overflow vent 5 are discharged.The same with clear water test, device A and work bucket 21 under the collaborative work of water pump 24 and conduit, realizes water circulation.Prepare the ear washing bulb of an about 30ml, aim at the suitable for reading of sewage sampling pipe 12, within every 10 minutes, pinch 1 ear washing bulb, the sewage of sucking-off about 30ml, is respectively charged into volumetric flask, and labelled, is distinguished.The test of coefficient of permeability is completed in the front 3min of sewage timesharing sampling.60min surveyed by same sample, and so, we can obtain the data of 6 groups of coefficients of permeability and the data of 6 groups of variable concentrations sewage.Timesharing concentration of wastewater and initial concentration 10% are compared, can draw, this sample under the environment of long-time filter sewage, not in the same time to the clean-up effect of sewage.
Wherein, the test process that individual sample tests a coefficient of permeability carries out according to following steps:
Load more than half bucket water in A, work bucket 21, temperature controls at 20 ± 3 DEG C, fastens the controlled water drain valve 23 processed of work bucket.Preparing a precision is the stopwatch of 1s.Preparing a scale division value is the vernier caliper of 1mm, and its range is greater than 100mm.Preparing 3 diameter D is 100mm, thickness L be the right cylinder of 50mm as sample, and carry out mark.
B, the diameter D using vernier caliper measurement cylindrical specimens and thickness L, survey 3 times respectively, average, result is accurate to 1mm, calculates the top surface area A of sample.By the surrounding of sample sand-cement slurry good seal, make its side waterproof, water only permeates from the upper and lower surface of sample.The edge not blocking sample upper and lower surface is noted, in order to avoid affect surperficial actual water permeable area when smearing.
After C, by the time sample surrounding sand-cement slurry setting and harden, sample is put into vacuum extractor, is evacuated to about 90kPa, keep 30min, add enough water simultaneously and sample is covered, and make water level exceed sample 100mm, now stop vacuumizing, soak 20min, taken out.This process belongs to the preparation process of sample, in order to save time, all samples to be tested can be carried out simultaneously.
D, sample 7 are shelved in sample mount 6, are inserted in by the upper surface of the lower end of water cylinder 3 from sample 7, and block with sample mount 6 coboundary, make it be in steady state (SS).With hand, putty is twisted into fine strip shape, and fills in the space between sample 7 upper surface outward flange and water cylinder 3 inwall, good seal, water can not be leaked down from edge voids.
E, both hands hold sample mount 6, put into the center of overflow tank 4, the direction of adjustment cylinder overflow vent 2 and tank overflow vent 5.Fasten the controlled water drain valve 13 processed of overflow tank, the 3rd draining control valve 17 and the 4th draining control valve 18.Open first row water control valve 15 and second row water control valve 16.Engaging means B-source, turns on the power switch 27, adjustment water pump automatically controlled 25, and utilize water pump 24 to be extracted out with certain speed by the water injected original in work bucket 21, the water of extraction injects water cylinder 3 by feed water line 28.
F, etc. tank overflow vent 5 and cylinder overflow vent 2 when there are flowing out, adjustment water pump automatically controlled 25, observes water-head 9 and high precision flow 8, if water-head 9 keeps certain water level, high precision flow 8 is working properly, now, while pressing stopwatch, record high precision flow initial reading Q
1.The water-head 9 that record graduation apparatus 11 is seen, namely the difference H of water cylinder water level and overflow tank water level, is accurate to 1mm.The digital display reading T of recorded electronic thermometer 10, is accurate to 0.5 DEG C.By the time stopwatch display, near 300s time, is noted observing high precision flow 8, to 300s, record high precision flow final reading Q
2, so, the water yield that this sample flows out in 5min is (Q
2-Q
1).
The process of G, whole test, due to the running of water pump 24, water is be in the state of circulating always, and water feeder A, device A again by current return device B, are realized the semi-automation of test by device B substantially.
H, coefficient of permeability calculate according to following formula, calculate and are accurate to 1.0 × 10
-2mm/s.
In formula: k
t--the coefficient of permeability (mm/s) of sample when water temperature is T DEG C;
Q
2-Q
1--the water yield (mm of interior infiltration time t second
3), wherein Q
1refer to high precision flow initial reading, Q
2refer to high precision flow final reading;
The thickness (mm) of L--sample;
Top surface area (the mm of A--sample
2);
H--water-head (mm);
T--time (s), generally gets 300s;
Attention: sample is with 15 DEG C of water temperatures for standard temperature, and the coefficient of permeability under standard temperature should convert according to following formula.
In formula: k
15--the coefficient of permeability (mm/s) of sample during standard temperature;
η
t--the power coefficient of viscosity (kPas) of water during T DEG C;
η
15--the power coefficient of viscosity (kPas) of water when 15 DEG C;
--the power coefficient of viscosity ratio of water.
In embodiment 2, test parameters is as shown in the table:
Embodiment 3
A kind of using method integrating the multi-functional linkage that sewage timesharing sampling and coefficient of permeability are tested:
(1) singly coefficient of permeability is surveyed.Test water quality is clear water, and the instrument used has device A, water pump 24 and work bucket 21, and its concrete operation step is as follows:
Load more than half bucket water in A, work bucket 21, temperature controls at 20 ± 3 DEG C, fastens the controlled water drain valve 23 processed of work bucket.Preparing a precision is the stopwatch of 1s.Preparing a scale division value is the vernier caliper of 1mm, and its range is greater than 100mm.Preparing 3 diameter D is 100mm, thickness L be the right cylinder of 50mm as sample, and carry out mark.
B, the diameter D using vernier caliper measurement cylindrical specimens and thickness L, survey 3 times respectively, average, result is accurate to 1mm, calculates the top surface area A of sample.By the surrounding of sample sand-cement slurry good seal, make its side waterproof, water only permeates from the upper and lower surface of sample.The edge not blocking sample upper and lower surface is noted, in order to avoid affect surperficial actual water permeable area when smearing.
After C, by the time sample surrounding sand-cement slurry setting and harden, sample is put into vacuum extractor, is evacuated to about 90kPa, keep 30min, add enough water simultaneously and sample is covered, and make water level exceed sample 100mm, now stop vacuumizing, soak 20min, taken out.This process belongs to the preparation process of sample, in order to save time, all samples to be tested can be carried out simultaneously.
D, sample 7 are shelved in sample mount 6, are inserted in by the upper surface of the lower end of water cylinder 3 from sample 7, and block with sample mount 6 coboundary, make both all be in steady state (SS).With hand, putty is twisted into fine strip shape, and fills in the space between sample 7 upper surface outward flange and water cylinder 3 inwall, good seal, water can not be leaked down from edge voids.
E, both hands hold sample mount 6, put into the center of overflow tank 4, the direction of adjustment cylinder overflow vent 2 and tank overflow vent 5.Fasten the controlled water drain valve 13 processed of overflow tank, the 3rd draining control valve 17 and the 4th draining control valve 18.Open first row water control valve 15 and second row water control valve 16.Engaging means B-source, turns on the power switch 27, adjustment water pump automatically controlled 25, and utilize water pump 24 to be extracted out with certain speed by the water injected original in work bucket 21, the water of extraction injects water cylinder 3 by feed water line 28.
F, etc. tank overflow vent 5 and cylinder overflow vent 2 when there are flowing out, adjustment water pump automatically controlled 25, observes water-head 9 and high precision flow 8, if water-head 9 keeps certain water level, high precision flow 8 is working properly, now, while pressing stopwatch, record high precision flow initial reading Q
1.The water-head 9 that record graduation apparatus 11 is seen, namely the difference H of water cylinder water level and overflow tank water level, is accurate to 1mm.The digital display reading T of recorded electronic thermometer 10, is accurate to 0.5 DEG C.By the time stopwatch display, near 300s time, is noted observing high precision flow 8, to 300s, record high precision flow final reading Q
2, so, the water yield that this sample flows out in 5min is (Q
2-Q
1).
The process of G, whole test, due to the running of water pump 24, water is be in the state of circulating always, and water feeder A, device A again by current return device B, are realized the semi-automation of test by device B substantially.Each sample testing 3 times, averages as the test value of this sample.
H, coefficient of permeability calculate according to following formula, notice that the test result of each sample represents with the mean value of 3 pieces of samples, calculate and are accurate to 1.0 × 10
-2mm/s.
In formula: k
t--the coefficient of permeability (mm/s) of sample when water temperature is T DEG C;
Q
2-Q
1--the water yield (mm of interior infiltration time t second
3), wherein Q
1refer to high precision flow initial reading, Q
2refer to high precision flow final reading;
The thickness (mm) of L--sample;
Top surface area (the mm of A--sample
2);
H--water-head (mm);
T--time (s), generally gets 300s;
Attention: sample is with 15 DEG C of water temperatures for standard temperature, and the coefficient of permeability under standard temperature should convert according to following formula.
In formula: k
15--the coefficient of permeability (mm/s) of sample during standard temperature;
η
t--the power coefficient of viscosity (kPas) of water during T DEG C;
η
15--the power coefficient of viscosity (kPas) of water when 15 DEG C;
--the power coefficient of viscosity ratio of water.
(2) sewage timesharing sampling and coefficient of permeability are tested and are carried out simultaneously.Test water quality is sewage, and the instrument used has device A and device B, and the operating process about coefficient of permeability test can refer to (1), is not just repeating here.Illustrate while test coefficient of permeability, how to realize sewage timesharing sampling.
1) environment of prolonged high concentrations sewage through sample 7 is simulated.First the controlled water drain valve 23 processed of work bucket is fastened, by a certain percentage, a part quality impurity and b part quality clear water are put in work bucket, switch on power, turn on the power switch 27, adjustment screw propeller automatically controlled 26, screw propeller 22 is rotated with certain speed, sewage in abundant hybrid working bucket 21, now, in bucket, the concentration of sewage remains
constant.Fasten the controlled water drain valve 13 processed of overflow tank, first row water control valve 15 and second row water control valve 16, accomplish the sewage only export but no import in work bucket 21.Open the 3rd draining control valve 17 and the 4th draining control valve 18, the current direction draining bucket 19 that in device A, cylinder overflow vent 2 and tank overflow vent 5 are discharged.Prepare the ear washing bulb of an about 30ml, aim at the suitable for reading of sewage sampling pipe 12, per minutely pinch 1 ear washing bulb, the sewage of sucking-off about 30ml, is respectively charged into volumetric flask, and labelled, is distinguished.Note, in the process exchanging sample for, switch off the pump automatically controlled 25, make sewage rest in work bucket 21, close the 4th draining control valve 18, make the water in tank overflow vent 5 not enter draining bucket 19.After reloading sample, repeatedly carry out step above, 3 pieces of samples, every block surveys 3 times, each 3 minutes, that is, at least timesharing taking-up 3 can organize sewage sample greatly, amount to 27 bottles.9 bottles of samples of every large group, according to the detection method of concentration, measure the concentration of each bottle of sample respectively.So, we can by timesharing concentration of wastewater and initial concentration
relatively, can draw, this sample is not in the same time to the clean-up effect of sewage.In addition, after sample has surveyed coefficient of permeability each time, there is the sewage of 3 bottles of variable concentrations, through data processing, this average concentration of wastewater can be obtained, statistics data each time, so, we can summarize not in the same time under, the relation between coefficient of permeability and concentration of wastewater.It should be noted that because 30ml sewage is for the sewage in device A, substantially can not affect the change of water-head 9, therefore negligible, the impact of timesharing sampling on coefficient of permeability need not be considered.
2) environment of the long-term filter sewage of sample 7 is simulated.First the controlled water drain valve 23 processed of work bucket is fastened, by a certain percentage, a part quality impurity and b part quality clear water are put in work bucket, switch on power, turn on the power switch 27, adjustment screw propeller automatically controlled 26, screw propeller 22 is rotated with certain speed, sewage in abundant hybrid working bucket 21, now, in bucket, the concentration of sewage remains
constant.Fasten the controlled water drain valve 13 processed of overflow tank, the 3rd draining control valve 17 and the 4th draining control valve 18.Open first row water control valve 15 and second row water control valve 16, the current direction work bucket 21 that in device A, cylinder overflow vent 2 and tank overflow vent 5 are discharged.The same with clear water test in 1, device A and work bucket 21 under the collaborative work of water pump 24 and conduit, realizes water circulation.Prepare the ear washing bulb of an about 30ml, aim at the suitable for reading of sewage sampling pipe 12, within every 10 minutes, pinch 1 ear washing bulb, the sewage of sucking-off about 30ml, is respectively charged into volumetric flask, and labelled, is distinguished.The test of coefficient of permeability is completed in the front 3min of sewage timesharing sampling.60min surveyed by same sample, and so, we can obtain the data of 6 groups of coefficients of permeability and the data of 6 groups of variable concentrations sewage.By timesharing concentration of wastewater and initial concentration
relatively, can draw, this sample under the environment of long-time filter sewage, not in the same time to the clean-up effect of sewage.In addition, not in the same time, 6 groups of corresponding coefficient of permeability data can set up corresponding relation between concentration of wastewater data, thus be that sample is under long-term sewage effect, improve pore texture, to reach better water permeability and more excellent clean effect, provide Data support.As long as it should be noted that electric power supply is normal, need not worry the waste of water resource, whole process water is all automatic cycle, and therefore, as long as test design is reasonable, we even can carry out the observation of longer-term to sample.
Claims (8)
1. the multi-functional linkage integrating sewage timesharing sampling and coefficient of permeability and test, it is characterized in that, be provided with worktable A (14), worktable B (31), work bucket (21), draining bucket (19), water pump (24), overflow tank (4), water cylinder (3), sample sampling pipe (12), power switch (27);
Described worktable A (14) arranges overflow tank (4), worktable B (31) is arranged described work bucket (21), described draining bucket (19) is set between worktable A, B; Overflow tank (4), draining bucket (19), work bucket (21) bottom are respectively equipped with and can control water drain valve (13,20,23); The height of described worktable A (14) is higher than the height of described draining bucket (19), work bucket (21);
Described overflow tank (4) top is provided with overflow vent (5), overflow vent (5) connects described work bucket (21) respectively by first row water conduit (29), draining bucket (19), flowmeter (8) is provided with between described first row water conduit (29) and described overflow tank (4) overflow vent (5), first row water conduit (29) between work bucket (21) and described draining bucket (19) is provided with second row water control valve (16), the arm of first row water conduit (29) introducing draining bucket (19) is provided with the 4th draining control valve (18), electronic thermometer (10) is provided with in overflow tank (4), described overflow tank (4) base plate is provided with sample mount (6), and the height of sample mount (6) is lower than described overflow tank (4) overflow vent (5) lower limb height,
Described water cylinder (3) is arranged in described sample mount (6), sample mount (6) in water cylinder (3) is provided with sample (7), water cylinder (3) lower end is lower than described overflow tank (4) overflow vent (5), and described overflow tank (4) is stretched out outward in water cylinder upper end; Water cylinder (3) top is provided with overflow vent (2), overflow vent (2) on water cylinder (3) connects described work bucket (21), draining bucket (19) respectively by second row water conduit (30), second row water conduit (30) between work bucket (21) and described draining bucket (19) arranges first row water control valve (15), the arm of second row water conduit (30) introducing draining bucket (19) is provided with the 3rd draining control valve (17); Described water cylinder (3) sidewall is provided with vertically disposed rule (11);
Described sample sampling pipe (12) is arranged in described overflow tank (4), sample sampling pipe (12) lower end to be stretched in sample mount and is positioned at below sample, and described overflow tank (4) is stretched out outward in sample sampling pipe (12) upper end;
Screw propeller (22) is provided with in described work bucket (21), screw propeller (22) is fixed on work bucket (21) bottom centre by guide rod, guide rod is driven by guide rod rotating driver (32), and guide rod rotating driver (32) is positioned at work bucket (21) top; Described work bucket (21) connects described water pump (24) via feed water line (28), and water pump (24) connects described water cylinder (3) via feed water line (28), water channel (1);
Described power switch (27) is provided with water pump automatically controlled (25) and screw propeller automatically controlled (26), water pump is automatically controlled connects described water pump (24) by wire, and screw propeller automatically controlled (26) connects described guide rod rotating driver (32) by wire;
Described water channel (1), cylinder overflow vent (2), water cylinder (3), overflow tank (4), tank overflow vent (5), sample mount (6), sample (7), graduation apparatus (11), sewage sampling pipe (12), flowmeter (8), electronic thermometer (10) and worktable A (14) constituent apparatus A;
Described work bucket (21), draining bucket (19), screw propeller (22), water pump (24), power switch (27), water pump automatically controlled (25), screw propeller automatically controlled (26), guide rod rotating driver (32) and worktable B (31) constituent apparatus B.
2. the multi-functional linkage integrating sewage timesharing sampling and coefficient of permeability and test according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described sample mount (6) is tubulose, sample mount (6) bottom tube wall is evenly distributed with semicircle hole (35), sample mount (6) bottom tube wall is provided with sewage sampling pipe hole (36), sample mount (6) upper portion inner tube wall is formed circular upper cushion cap face (34), sample mount (6) internal diameter of upper cushion cap face (34) top is greater than below, cushion cap face (34) sample mount (6) internal diameter, upper cushion cap face (34) top sample mount (6) internal diameter is a bit larger tham described water cylinder (3) external diameter, upper cushion cap face (34) top sample mount (6) forms outward flange circle (33), sample (7) is shelved on cushion cap face (34), and water cylinder (3) lower end is inserted in from the upper surface of sample (7), and and sample mount (6) outward flange circle (33) clamping.
3. the multi-functional linkage integrating sewage timesharing sampling and coefficient of permeability and test according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described overflow tank (4) builds pipe by polymetylmethacrylate organic glass and polymetylmethacrylate organic glass circular bottom plate is cementing forms, overflow tank (4) transparent visual, cementing place is water-tight, the radius of described circular bottom plate is 240-260mm, described in build pipe height be 370-390mm.
4. the multi-functional linkage integrating sewage timesharing sampling and coefficient of permeability and test according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described water cylinder (3) builds pipe for polymetylmethacrylate organic glass, and water barrel bore controls between 50mm-55mm.
5. the multi-functional linkage integrating sewage timesharing sampling and coefficient of permeability and test according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described overflow tank (4) overflow vent (5) and first row water conduit (29) junction are provided with threaded sleeve; Threaded sleeve is equipped with in described water cylinder (3) overflow vent (2) and second row water conduit (30) junction.
6. the multi-functional linkage integrating sewage timesharing sampling and coefficient of permeability and test according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described rule (11) 0 scale mark is in the horizontal top of water cylinder overflow vent (2) lower limb, and the lower end of rule scale mark is lower than overflow tank (4) overflow vent (5) lower limb horizontal line.
7. the multi-functional linkage integrating sewage timesharing sampling and coefficient of permeability and test according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described electronic thermometer (10) bottom is lower than overflow tank (4) overflow vent (5) lower limb horizontal line, the digital display screen of electronic thermometer is higher than the top of overflow tank (4), and electronic thermometer (10) precision is 0.5 DEG C.
8. the multi-functional linkage integrating sewage timesharing sampling and coefficient of permeability and test according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, by curved, copper valve is connected between described flowmeter (8) and the overflow vent (5) on overflow tank (4), the precision of flowmeter (8) at least to measure the flow of water when coefficient of permeability is 0.1mm/s.
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| CN201520128792.0U CN204594853U (en) | 2015-03-05 | 2015-03-05 | Integrate the multi-functional linkage that sewage timesharing sampling and coefficient of permeability are tested |
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| CN201520128792.0U CN204594853U (en) | 2015-03-05 | 2015-03-05 | Integrate the multi-functional linkage that sewage timesharing sampling and coefficient of permeability are tested |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104677802A (en) * | 2015-03-05 | 2015-06-03 | 扬州大学 | Multifunctional linkage device integrating sewage time-sharing sampling and permeation coefficient testing and working method of multifunctional linkage device |
| CN108007840A (en) * | 2017-12-11 | 2018-05-08 | 合肥工业大学 | A kind of permeability apparatus that can simulate waterpower gradient magnitude and direction dynamic changing condition |
-
2015
- 2015-03-05 CN CN201520128792.0U patent/CN204594853U/en not_active Withdrawn - After Issue
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104677802A (en) * | 2015-03-05 | 2015-06-03 | 扬州大学 | Multifunctional linkage device integrating sewage time-sharing sampling and permeation coefficient testing and working method of multifunctional linkage device |
| CN104677802B (en) * | 2015-03-05 | 2017-05-17 | 扬州大学 | Multifunctional linkage device integrating sewage time-sharing sampling and permeation coefficient testing and working method of multifunctional linkage device |
| CN108007840A (en) * | 2017-12-11 | 2018-05-08 | 合肥工业大学 | A kind of permeability apparatus that can simulate waterpower gradient magnitude and direction dynamic changing condition |
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