CN108003991B - 一种植物基润滑油及其应用 - Google Patents
一种植物基润滑油及其应用 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN108003991B CN108003991B CN201711332452.XA CN201711332452A CN108003991B CN 108003991 B CN108003991 B CN 108003991B CN 201711332452 A CN201711332452 A CN 201711332452A CN 108003991 B CN108003991 B CN 108003991B
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- oil
- parts
- diesel engine
- lubricating oil
- base oil
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- XEOXZSREIVIEIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N trizinc [butyl(octyl)-lambda4-sulfanylidene]-dioxido-sulfido-lambda5-phosphane Chemical compound C(CCC)S(=P([S-])([O-])[O-])CCCCCCCC.[Zn+2].C(CCC)S(=P([S-])([O-])[O-])CCCCCCCC.[Zn+2].[Zn+2] XEOXZSREIVIEIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- UJVWYQMHEIJPAE-KVVVOXFISA-N (z)-octadec-9-enoic acid;pyrrolidine-2,5-dione Chemical compound O=C1CCC(=O)N1.CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O UJVWYQMHEIJPAE-KVVVOXFISA-N 0.000 description 1
- LJKQIQSBHFNMDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7-thiabicyclo[4.1.0]hepta-2,4-dien-6-ol Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2(O)C1S2 LJKQIQSBHFNMDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 235000019483 Peanut oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019486 Sunflower oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- -1 alkyl naphthalene Chemical compound 0.000 description 1
- 150000004945 aromatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- IKCOOALACZVGLI-GNOQXXQHSA-K bis[[(z)-octadec-9-enoyl]oxy]alumanyl (z)-octadec-9-enoate Chemical compound [Al+3].CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC([O-])=O IKCOOALACZVGLI-GNOQXXQHSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 230000003139 buffering effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000004657 carbamic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
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- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-L fumarate(2-) Chemical class [O-]C(=O)\C=C\C([O-])=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-L 0.000 description 1
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- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 150000002734 metacrylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- VUZPPFZMUPKLLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane;hydrate Chemical compound C.O VUZPPFZMUPKLLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000002480 mineral oil Substances 0.000 description 1
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- UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N naphthalene-acid Natural products C1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910017464 nitrogen compound Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M169/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by containing as components a mixture of at least two types of ingredient selected from base-materials, thickeners or additives, covered by the preceding groups, each of these compounds being essential
- C10M169/04—Mixtures of base-materials and additives
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- C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2203/02—Well-defined aliphatic compounds
- C10M2203/022—Well-defined aliphatic compounds saturated
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- C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2203/06—Well-defined aromatic compounds
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- C10M2205/00—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2205/02—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing acyclic monomers
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- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/02—Hydroxy compounds
- C10M2207/021—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
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- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/10—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof
- C10M2207/12—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
- C10M2207/125—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of eight up to twenty-nine carbon atoms, i.e. fatty acids
- C10M2207/126—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of eight up to twenty-nine carbon atoms, i.e. fatty acids monocarboxylic
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- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/28—Esters
- C10M2207/281—Esters of (cyclo)aliphatic monocarboxylic acids
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- C10M2207/28—Esters
- C10M2207/282—Esters of (cyclo)aliphatic oolycarboxylic acids
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- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/40—Fatty vegetable or animal oils
- C10M2207/401—Fatty vegetable or animal oils used as base material
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- C10M2215/04—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
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- C10M2219/02—Sulfur-containing compounds obtained by sulfurisation with sulfur or sulfur-containing compounds
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- C10M2219/044—Sulfonic acids, Derivatives thereof, e.g. neutral salts
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- C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2219/04—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing sulfur-to-oxygen bonds, i.e. sulfones, sulfoxides
- C10M2219/046—Overbasedsulfonic acid salts
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- C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2219/06—Thio-acids; Thiocyanates; Derivatives thereof
- C10M2219/062—Thio-acids; Thiocyanates; Derivatives thereof having carbon-to-sulfur double bonds
- C10M2219/066—Thiocarbamic type compounds
- C10M2219/068—Thiocarbamate metal salts
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种植物基润滑油及其应用。一种植物基润滑油，主要由以下成分混合而成：按重量份计，植物油基础油25‑78份、GTL基础油15‑65份、粘度指数改进剂6‑10份、柴油机油复合剂8‑12份。以上润滑油由基础油和添加剂组成，其中，植物油基础油与GTL基础油联用形成复合型的基础油，能呈现良好的协同效应，提高植物基润滑油的抗氧化性和抗磨性。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及机油领域，尤其是涉及一种植物基润滑油及其应用。
背景技术
润滑油在设备运转中起着抗磨减摩、冷却和提高效率等不可或缺的关键作用，但是通常与环境的相容性较差。传统矿物润滑油的生物降解性差，若在生产、储运及使用过程中发生泄漏就会污染环境。由于矿物润滑油生物降解性差，加上人们环保意识的增强和国家环保法规的严格，可生物降解润滑油的研究和发展越来越受到人们的重视。目前，可生物降解润滑油已成为绿色化学和绿色工程领域重要的组成部分。可生物降解润滑油是指既能满足机械设备的使用要求，又能在短时间内被活性微生物分解为二氧化碳和水的润滑油，它通常被纳入环境友好润滑剂之列。
植物油基润滑油作为生物可降解油，其润滑性和减磨效果不错，粘度指数高，闪点高，但其在储存、使用中容易氧化(相比矿物油和合成油)，因此储存的保质期和使用寿命都比较短，不耐热，高温下氧化速度快、热稳定性差，也就是说高温下油质劣化快。
有鉴于此，特提出本发明。
发明内容
本发明的主要目的在于提供一种植物基润滑油，所述的润滑油可更好地保护柴油车辆的发动机系统，具有抗磨性能高、抗氧化性能高、能节约燃料、降低噪音等优点。
为了达到以上目的，本发明提供了以下技术方案：
一种植物基润滑油，主要由以下成分混合而成：按重量份计，
植物油基础油25-78份、GTL基础油15-65份、粘度指数改进剂6-10份、柴油机油复合剂8-12份。
以上润滑油由基础油和添加剂组成，其中，植物油基础油与GTL基础油联用形成复合型的基础油，能呈现良好的协同效应，提高植物基润滑油的抗氧化性和抗磨性。
另外，由于GTL基础油几乎不含硫、芳香烃、氮化物等杂质，非常纯净，外观上清澈如水，GTL基础油还具有较高的粘度指数、较低的蒸发损失以及良好的低温流动性，且相比PAO和III类油，GTL合成油在成本上也很有优势。因此在植物基润滑油中加入GTL基础油不仅可以降低原料成本和倾点，而且可以提高润滑油的外观品质、粘度和碱值。
为了保证植物油基础油与GTL基础油混合后获得较好的协同效应，本发明还确定了粘度指数改进剂和柴油机油复合剂等添加剂的添加比例，以使其抗磨性能和抗氧化性满足柴油机的工况要求。
经四球磨损和旋转氧弹试验测试，本发明的润滑油的磨斑直径在1.95mm以下(54℃，1800r/min，392N，60min)，150℃下旋转氧弹在130min以上。
以上植物基润滑油还可以进一步改进，以改善其它性能，具体如下。
优选地，所述柴油机油复合剂主要由清净分散剂、抗氧剂、极压抗磨剂、摩擦改进剂和降凝剂中的至少一种组成，这些添加剂都用于改善润滑油的综合性能，其选用和配比对性能有重要影响。以上添加剂可以择一添加，也可以组合添加，优选清净分散剂、抗氧剂、极压抗磨剂、摩擦改进剂和降凝剂的组合。
根据润滑油的应用工况，确定清净分散剂、抗氧剂、极压抗磨剂、摩擦改进剂和降凝剂之间的配比。为了适应柴油机的工况，优选的配比为：按重量份计，清净分散剂40-70份、抗氧剂2-10份、极压抗磨剂2-8份、摩擦改进剂2-10份和降凝剂2-8份。例如，清净分散剂可取40份、50份、60份、70份等，抗氧剂可取2份、4份、5份、10份等，极压抗磨剂可取2份、4份、5份、8份等，摩擦改进剂可取2份、4份、5份、10份等，降凝剂可取2份、4份、5份、8份等。
优选地，所述柴油机油复合剂满足API CJ以上级别的发动机油复合剂。
优选地，所述清净分散剂选自碱性磺酸钙、中性磺酸钙、碱性硫化烷基酚钙和丁二酰亚胺中的一种或多种。
碱性磺酸钙、中性磺酸钙、碱性硫化烷基酚钙和丁二酰亚胺不仅能提高润滑油的分散度，而且可以提高其碱值，从而油品中和酸性物质能力，延长使用寿命。在实际使用时，可以采用碱性磺酸钙、中性磺酸钙、碱性硫化烷基酚钙、丁二酰亚胺或无氯丁二酰亚胺，或者碱性磺酸钙与碱性硫化烷基酚钙的组合，或者碱性硫化烷基酚钙与丁二酰亚胺的组合，或者碱性磺酸钙与中性磺酸钙的组合。
碱性磺酸钙优选高碱值的磺酸钙，例如碱值在380以上的磺酸钙。
碱性硫化烷基酚钙优选高碱值的硫化烷基酚钙，例如碱值在250以上的硫化烷基酚钙。
丁二酰亚胺优选无氯丁二酰亚胺。
优选地，所述抗氧剂选自抗氧化剂ZDDP(即二烷基二硫代磷酸锌)和氨基甲酸中的至少一种。
可以单独加入抗氧化剂ZDDP或氨基甲酸，或者ZDDP与氨基甲酸以任意配比的组合。
抗氧化剂ZDDP优选伯烷基的ZDDP，例如T202。
氨基甲酸类，例如Vanlube AZ-锌盐。
优选地，所述极压抗磨剂选自二苄基二硫代物、硫化异丁烯、亚磷酸二正丁酯、磷酸三甲酚酯和磷酸铵中的一种或多种。
可以向润滑油中加入二苄基二硫代物、硫化异丁烯、亚磷酸二正丁酯、磷酸三甲酚酯或磷酸铵作为极压抗磨剂，也可以加入二苄基二硫代物与硫化异丁烯的混合物，或硫化异丁烯与亚磷酸二正丁酯的混合物，或磷酸三甲酚酯与磷酸铵的混合物。其中优选亚磷酸二正丁酯。
优选地，所述摩擦改进剂选自油酸、十二醇、油酸铝、硬脂酸丁酯、十六烷胺和油酸酰胺中的一种或多种。
可以向润滑油中加入油酸、十二醇、油酸铝、硬脂酸丁酯、十六烷胺或油酸酰胺作为摩擦改进剂，也可以加入油酸与十二醇的混合物，或硬脂酸丁酯与十六烷胺的混合物，或十六烷胺与油酸酰胺的混合物。
优选地，所述降凝剂选自烷基萘、聚α烯烃、富马酸酯和Viscoplex系列中的一种或多种。
可以向润滑油中加入烷基萘、聚α烯烃、富马酸酯或Viscoplex系列，也可以加入烷基萘与聚α烯烃的混合物，或聚α烯烃与富马酸酯的混合物，或富马酸酯与Viscoplex系列的混合物。
优选地，所述粘度指数改进剂选自甲基丙烯酸酯、乙烯-丙烯共聚物和氢化苯乙烯双烯共聚物中的一种或多种。
可以向润滑油中加入甲基丙烯酸酯、乙烯-丙烯共聚物或氢化苯乙烯双烯共聚物，也可以加入甲基丙烯酸酯与乙烯-丙烯共聚物的混合物，或乙烯-丙烯共聚物与氢化苯乙烯双烯共聚物的混合物，优选单独加入乙烯-丙烯共聚物。
优选地，所述植物油基础油为棉籽油、大豆油、花生油、棕榈油、蓖麻油和葵花籽油中的一种或多种。
优选地，所述GTL基础油为100℃粘度为1～20mm2/s的油品。
本发明中，按重量百分比计，植物油基础油25-78份、GTL基础油15-65份、粘度指数改进剂6-10份、柴油机油复合剂8-12份。
其中，植物油基础油可取25份、30份、35份、40份、45份、50份、55份、60份、65份、70份、75份、78份等，GTL基础油可取15份、20份、25份、30份、35份、40份、45份、50份、55份、60份、65份等，粘度指数改进剂可取6份、7份、8份、9份、10份等，柴油机油复合剂可取8份、9份、10份、11份、12份等。
优选地，其配比进一步为：
按重量百分比计，植物油基础油25-71％、GTL基础油15-60％、粘度指数改进剂6-10％、柴油机油复合剂8-12％；
或者，
按重量份计，植物油基础油50-70份、GTL基础油15-40份、粘度指数改进剂6-10份、柴油机油复合剂8-12份；
或者，
按重量份计，植物油基础油59-66份、GTL基础油18-31份、粘度指数改进剂8-10份、柴油机油复合剂8-12份；
或者，
按重量百分比计，植物油基础油45-70％、GTL基础油15-40％、粘度指数改进剂6-10％、柴油机油复合剂8-12％；
或者，
按重量百分比计，植物油基础油59-66％、GTL基础油18-31％、粘度指数改进剂8-10％、柴油机油复合剂8-12％；
本发明的润滑油的制备方法极其简单，只要将各成分混匀即可。
为了保证混匀，可以适当加温或搅拌，例如：
将所有成分混合，然后升温至60℃，在50rps的转速下搅拌1h左右。
本发明的润滑油可用于各种类型汽车、机械设备上，以减小摩擦，起润滑、辅助冷却、防锈、清洁、密封和缓冲等作用，当用于柴油发动机时比现有润滑油有显著的优势。
综上，与现有技术相比，本发明达到了以下技术效果：
(1)抗磨、抗氧化性能强：磨斑直径在1.95mm以下(54℃，1800r/min，392N，60min)，150℃下旋转氧弹在130min以上；
(2)成分环保；
(3)节约燃料：具有较低的摩擦系数，减少了无用功，进而节约了燃料；
(4)可生物降解，对环境污染小。
具体实施方式
下面将结合具体实施方式对本发明的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，但是本领域技术人员将会理解，下列所描述的实施例是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例，仅用于说明本发明，而不应视为限制本发明的范围。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。实施例中未注明具体条件者，按照常规条件或制造商建议的条件进行。所用试剂或仪器未注明生产厂商者，均为可以通过市售购买获得的常规产品。
下文所有润滑油所用的复合剂的配方如下。
柴油机油复合剂A包含：碱性磺酸钙60克、T202(硫磷丁辛基锌盐)10克、二苄基二硫代物10克、十二醇10克、烷基萘10克。
柴油机油复合剂B包含：中性磺酸钙65克、Vanlube AZ-锌盐(二戊基二硫代氨基甲酸锌)9克、硫化异丁烯9克、油酸铝8克、聚α烯烃9克。
柴油机油复合剂C包含：碱性硫化烷基酚钙68克、T202(硫磷丁辛基锌盐)8克、亚磷酸二正丁酯8克、硬脂酸丁酯9克、富马酸酯7克。
柴油机油复合剂D包含：丁二酰亚胺油酸63克、Vanlube AZ-锌盐9克、磷酸三甲酚酯9克、十六烷胺10克、Viscoplex系列9克。
实施例1
取59克棉籽油，22克100℃运动粘度为18mm2/s的GTL合成油在40℃、35rps的条件下搅拌均匀，加入10克VISCOPLEX 12-113、9克柴油机油复合剂A，升温至60℃，在50rps的转速下搅拌1h，即得。
实施例2
取48克棕榈油，31克100℃运动粘度为12mm2/s的GTL合成油在40℃、35rps的条件下搅拌均匀，加入9克8900E、12克柴油机油复合剂B，升温至60℃，在50rps的转速下搅拌1h，即得。
实施例3
取66克蓖麻油，18克100℃运动粘度为17mm2/s的GTL合成油在40℃、35rps的条件下搅拌均匀，加入8克SV261、8克柴油机油复合剂C，升温至60℃，在50rps的转速下搅拌1h，即得。
实施例4
与实施例2的区别仅在于各成分的配比不同，具体如下：
取78克棕榈油，15克100℃运动粘度为19mm2/s的GTL合成油在40℃、35rps的条件下搅拌均匀，加入6克0050、8克柴油机油复合剂B，升温至60℃，在50rps的转速下搅拌1h，即得。
实施例5
与实施例2的区别仅在于各成分的配比不同，具体如下：
取25克棕榈油，65克100℃运动粘度为10mm2/s的GTL合成油在40℃、35rps的条件下搅拌均匀，加入6克8900E、8克柴油机油复合剂B，升温至60℃，在50rps的转速下搅拌1h，即得。
实施例6
与实施例2的区别仅在于添加剂的选用类型不同，具体如下：
取25克棕榈油，65克100℃运动粘度为13mm2/s的GTL合成油在40℃、35rps的条件下搅拌均匀，加入6克0010、8克柴油机油复合剂D，升温至60℃，在50rps的转速下搅拌1h，即得。
对比例1
与实施例2的区别仅在于不含GTL合成油，具体如下：
取79克棕榈油，在40℃、35rps的条件下边搅拌边加入9克8900E、12克柴油机油复合剂B，升温至60℃，在50rps的转速下搅拌1h，即得。
对比例2
与实施例2的区别仅在于不含植物油基础油，具体如下：
取79克100℃运动粘度为13mm2/s的GTL基础油，在40℃、35rps的条件下边搅拌边加入9克8900E、12克柴油机油复合剂B，升温至60℃，在50rps的转速下搅拌1h，即得。
将上文所得的润滑油进行粘度、黏指、倾点、闪点、铜片腐蚀、碱值以及四球磨斑直径和旋转氧弹的测试，所得结果如下表1和2所示。
表1
表2
由表中数据可以看出，实施例1-6的磨斑直径要比对比例的磨斑直径小的多，旋转氧弹时间要比对比例长的多，同时其他指标也能柴油机的工况要求，表明本发明提供的机油，其抗磨、抗氧化等效果大大优于普通润滑油，能更好地保护发动机、缸体等设备，降低噪音；另外，从实施例和对比例的结果对比可看出，植物油基础油和GTL基础油联用后产生了协同效应，低温流动性、氧化安定性、摩擦性能及中和酸性能大大提升。
最后应说明的是：以上各实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案，而非对其限制；尽管参照前述各实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解：其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改，或者对其中部分或者全部技术特征进行等同替换；而这些修改或者替换，并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本发明各实施例技术方案的范围。
Claims (2)
1.一种植物基润滑油，其特征在于，由以下成分混合而成：
植物油基础油48g、GTL基础油31g、粘度指数改进剂9g、柴油机油复合剂12g；
所述柴油机油复合剂满足API CJ以上级别的发动机油复合剂，所述GTL基础油为100℃粘度为12mm2/s的油品；
所述柴油机油复合剂为：中性磺酸钙65g、二戊基二硫代氨基甲酸锌9g、硫化异丁烯9g、油酸铝8g、聚α烯烃9g；
所述植物油基础油为棕榈油；
所述粘度指数改进剂为8900E。
2.权利要求1所述的植物基润滑油的应用，其特征在于，所述植物基润滑油用于柴油机发动机。
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