CN108003607B - 一种阻燃型导热尼龙复合材料及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种阻燃型导热尼龙复合材料及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN108003607B
CN108003607B CN201711377137.9A CN201711377137A CN108003607B CN 108003607 B CN108003607 B CN 108003607B CN 201711377137 A CN201711377137 A CN 201711377137A CN 108003607 B CN108003607 B CN 108003607B
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李强
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Abstract

本发明属于材料领域,具体涉及一种阻燃型导热尼龙复合材料及其制备方法,按照重量份数计,由以下原料制备而成:尼龙‑6 90~150份、导热填料30~60份、玻璃纤维10~15份、成瓷填料30~70份、偶联剂0.2~0.5份、抗氧剂0.1~0.2份,其中,所述的导热填料包括A组分和B组分,其中A组分为氢氧化镁、氧化镁、氧化锌、氮化硼、钛白粉中的一种或任意几种的组合,B组分为氧化硼,所述的A组分和B组分的质量比为4~6:1。本发明提出利用可陶瓷化的防火阻燃材料替代传统的阻燃剂使用,当外界放生火灾时,陶瓷化聚合物能够转变成具有致密结构的陶瓷体,防止外部火焰侵入引起内部材料的燃烧。

Description

一种阻燃型导热尼龙复合材料及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明属于材料领域,具体涉及一种阻燃型导热尼龙复合材料及其制备方法。
背景技术
导热尼龙因为其价格低,导热系数高,热辐射性能优越,在所有导热材料中应用最广泛。尤其是新兴的LED照明灯领域,高端产品基本都是用导热尼龙做散热材料的。和传统的铝材相比,塑料容易加工,成本低,而且热辐射性能更好。导热尼龙为了达到防火阻燃的要求,都会在基体中加入阻燃剂,绝大部分是含卤阻燃剂,包括各种含氯、含溴化合物,在燃烧时会产生有害物质和大量烟雾。而选用其它非卤素阻燃剂又存在着阻燃效果差、添加量大的缺点。
陶瓷化橡胶材料是近年来出现的一种新型防火阻燃材料,它是在橡胶基体中添加一定的成瓷填料和助熔剂制得的复合材料,其在常温下能够保持良好的弹性和力学性能,当遇到明火或处于高温环境时,这种复合材料能转变为具有自支撑性的陶瓷体,从而阻止火焰蔓延,达到防火目的。陶瓷化橡胶材料具有广阔的应用前景,特别是用作电线电缆的绝缘材料,能防止火焰进一步向电线电缆内部蔓延,使电路在火灾中依然保持畅通。
发明内容
针对以上现有技术的不足,本发明提出一种阻燃型导热尼龙复合材料及其制备方法,利用可陶瓷化的防火阻燃材料替代传统的阻燃剂使用,当外界放生火灾时,陶瓷化聚合物能够转变成具有致密结构的陶瓷体,防止外部火焰侵入引起内部材料的燃烧。
本发明所述的一种阻燃型导热尼龙复合材料,其特征在于,按照重量份数计,由以下原料制备而成:尼龙-6 90~150份、导热填料30~60份、玻璃纤维10~15份、成瓷填料30~70份、偶联剂0.2~0.5份、抗氧剂0.1~0.2份,其中,所述的导热填料包括A组分和B组分,其中A组分为氢氧化镁、氧化镁、氧化锌、氮化硼、钛白粉中的一种或任意几种的组合,B组分为氧化硼,所述的A组分和B组分的质量比为4~6:1。
本发明中,一个创新点在于加入了成瓷填料,但是没有加入助熔剂,而是对导热填料的配方做了变更,将导热填料中的氧化硼作为固定组分,氧化硼既能充当导热填料,本身的熔点只有450℃左右,因此又能够充当助熔剂,省去了单独选用助熔剂的麻烦。另一个创新点在于好加入了玻璃纤维,尼龙-6纯树脂的导热系数一般在0.3W/(m·K)左右,在树脂中添加一些导热填料后,尼龙材料的导热系数可以达到0.5-1.0,满足导热尼龙制品的导热要求,添加导热填料甚至是成瓷填料后,尼龙制品的韧性过低,无法满足物理性能的需求,因此,在导热尼龙中需要添加一些増韧助剂,玻璃纤维则作为増韧助剂的典型代表,另一方面,玻璃纤维的熔点低于650℃,又能够充当助熔剂的作用。
其中,优选方案如下:
所述的玻璃纤维为无碱玻璃纤维,直径12μm~23μm。
所述的成瓷填料为云母、硅灰石或粘土,更优选为硅灰石。硅灰石本身就可以作为塑料制品的一种填充材料,硅灰石具有独特的针状纤维,具有良好的绝缘性、耐磨性,以及较高的折光率,可以提高冲击强度、增强流动性以及改善抗拉强度、冲击强度、线性拉伸及模收缩率。作为成瓷填料使用时,硅灰石还可以大幅度降低陶瓷体烧成温度,缩短烧成时间,同时提高陶瓷体的胚体强度
所述的偶联剂为硅烷偶联剂,选自KH-550、KH-560或KH-570中的一种。
所述的抗氧剂为抗氧剂1010、抗氧剂1790、抗氧剂1098、抗氧剂168、抗氧剂DLTDP中的一种或几种的混合物。
本发明所述的阻燃型导热尼龙复合材料的制备方法,其特征在于:将除玻璃纤维以外的其它原料放入混料机中混合10~20min,使其充分混合,然后将混合物加入到双螺杆挤出造粒机组进行熔融,加工温度为200~280℃,螺杆转速350~380r/min,在侧入口喂入玻璃纤维,经双螺杆挤出造粒机挤出、切粒制成均匀颗粒。
本发明的优点在于:(1)成瓷填料取代传统的阻燃剂,当外界放生火灾时,陶瓷化聚合物能够转变成具有致密结构的陶瓷体,防止外部火焰侵入引起内部材料的燃烧;(2)没有加入助熔剂,而是对导热填料的配方做了变更,将导热填料中的氧化硼作为固定组分,氧化硼既能充当导热填料,本身的熔点只有450℃左右,因此又能够充当助熔剂,省去了单独选用助熔剂的麻烦;(3)玻璃纤维作为主要的増韧助剂,有效提升了导热尼龙的韧性,提高尺寸稳定性,降低收缩率,减少翘曲变形,满足机械性能的需要,玻璃纤维又能够充当助熔剂的作用;(4)整体工艺路线简单,对反应条件和设备要求度低,适于工业化生产;(5)本发明制备得到的阻燃型导热尼龙产品能够替代金属原材料生产零配件或外壳,相关成本大幅下降,全面提高了竞争力,应用前景广泛。
具体实施方式
以下结合实施例对本发明作进一步描述。
实施例1:
一种阻燃型导热尼龙复合材料,按照重量份数计,由以下原料制备而成:尼龙-6100份、导热填料40份、直径12μm~23μm的无碱玻璃纤维12份、硅灰石50份、KH-570 0.3份、抗氧剂1010 0.1份,其中,所述的导热填料包括A组分和B组分,其中A组分为氧化锌,B组分为氧化硼,所述的A组分和B组分的质量比为4:1。
制备时,将除玻璃纤维以外的其它原料放入混料机中混合20min,使其充分混合,然后将混合物加入到双螺杆挤出造粒机组进行熔融,加工温度为270℃,螺杆转速360r/min,在侧入口喂入玻璃纤维,经双螺杆挤出造粒机挤出、切粒制成均匀颗粒。
将颗粒加工成150mm×150mm×3mm的样品,在23±2℃的温度和50±5%的湿度下放置48小时,直至样品质量稳定。然后放置燃烧炉内,施加丙烷气体火源3分钟,观察样品的破坏长度、后燃时间、烟的发展情况、是否有熔滴现象产生。根据DIN5510-2标准,结果如下,燃烧等级达到S5级要求(无产品燃烧破坏长度,无后燃烧时间),冒烟等级达到SR2≤50(%*min),液态等级达到ST2(没有滴落现象)。
拉伸强度131MPa,弯曲强度205MPa,缺口冲击强度17kJ/m2
采用DRE-2C导热系数测试仪对其进行导热系数测试,结果为4.306W/(m·K)。
实施例2:
一种阻燃型导热尼龙复合材料,按照重量份数计,由以下原料制备而成:尼龙-6150份、导热填料60份、直径12μm~23μm的无碱玻璃纤维15份、成瓷填料70份、KH-570 0.5份、抗氧剂DLTDP 0.2份,其中,所述的导热填料包括A组分和B组分,其中A组分为氮化硼,B组分为氧化硼,所述的A组分和B组分的质量比为5:1。
制备方法同实施例1。
将颗粒加工成150mm×150mm×3mm的样品,在23±2℃的温度和50±5%的湿度下放置48小时,直至样品质量稳定。然后放置燃烧炉内,施加丙烷气体火源3分钟,观察样品的破坏长度、后燃时间、烟的发展情况、是否有熔滴现象产生。根据DIN5510-2标准,结果如下,燃烧等级达到S5级要求(无产品燃烧破坏长度,无后燃烧时间),冒烟等级达到SR2≤50(%*min),液态等级达到ST2(没有滴落现象)。
拉伸强度134MPa,弯曲强度214MPa,缺口冲击强度18kJ/m2
采用DRE-2C导热系数测试仪对其进行导热系数测试,结果为4.119W/(m·K)。
实施例3:
一种阻燃型导热尼龙复合材料,按照重量份数计,由以下原料制备而成:尼龙-6120份、导热填料50份、直径12μm~23μm的无碱玻璃纤维12份、成瓷填料60份、KH-570 0.3份、抗氧剂1010 0.1份,其中,所述的导热填料包括A组分和B组分,其中A组分为氧化锌,B组分为氧化硼,所述的A组分和B组分的质量比为4:1。
制备方法同实施例1。
将颗粒加工成150mm×150mm×3mm的样品,在23±2℃的温度和50±5%的湿度下放置48小时,直至样品质量稳定。然后放置燃烧炉内,施加丙烷气体火源3分钟,观察样品的破坏长度、后燃时间、烟的发展情况、是否有熔滴现象产生。根据DIN5510-2标准,结果如下,燃烧等级达到S5级要求(无产品燃烧破坏长度,无后燃烧时间),冒烟等级达到SR2≤50(%*min),液态等级达到ST2(没有滴落现象)。
拉伸强度128MPa,弯曲强度207MPa,缺口冲击强度16kJ/m2
采用DRE-2C导热系数测试仪对其进行导热系数测试,结果为4.240W/(m·K)。

Claims (7)

1.一种阻燃型导热尼龙复合材料,其特征在于,按照重量份数计,由以下原料制备而成:尼龙-6 90~150份、导热填料30~60份、玻璃纤维10~15份、成瓷填料30~70份、偶联剂0.2~0.5份、抗氧剂0.1~0.2份,其中,所述的导热填料包括A组分和B组分,其中A组分为氢氧化镁、氧化镁、氧化锌、氮化硼、钛白粉中的一种或任意几种的组合,B组分为氧化硼,所述的A组分和B组分的质量比为4~6:1。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种阻燃型导热尼龙复合材料,其特征在于,所述的玻璃纤维为无碱玻璃纤维,直径12μm~23μm。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种阻燃型导热尼龙复合材料,其特征在于,所述的成瓷填料为云母、硅灰石或粘土。
4.根据权利要求3所述的一种阻燃型导热尼龙复合材料,其特征在于,所述的成瓷填料为硅灰石。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种阻燃型导热尼龙复合材料,其特征在于,所述的偶联剂为硅烷偶联剂,选自KH-550、KH-560或KH-570中的一种。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种阻燃型导热尼龙复合材料,其特征在于,所述的抗氧剂为抗氧剂1010、抗氧剂1790、抗氧剂1098、抗氧剂168、抗氧剂DLTDP中的一种或几种的混合物。
7.一种权利要求1所述的阻燃型导热尼龙复合材料的制备方法,其特征在于:将除玻璃纤维以外的其它原料放入混料机中混合10~20min,使其充分混合,然后将混合物加入到双螺杆挤出造粒机组进行熔融,加工温度为200~280℃,螺杆转速350~380r/min,在侧入口喂入玻璃纤维,经双螺杆挤出造粒机挤出、切粒制成均匀颗粒。
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