CN1080022C - 由变压器的交替切换绕组电路高速传送电能的电源单元及电能传送方法 - Google Patents

由变压器的交替切换绕组电路高速传送电能的电源单元及电能传送方法 Download PDF

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CN1080022C
CN1080022C CN98102017A CN98102017A CN1080022C CN 1080022 C CN1080022 C CN 1080022C CN 98102017 A CN98102017 A CN 98102017A CN 98102017 A CN98102017 A CN 98102017A CN 1080022 C CN1080022 C CN 1080022C
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久永光司
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/22Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/24Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/28Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
    • H02M3/325Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/335Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/33569Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements
    • H02M3/33576Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements having at least one active switching element at the secondary side of an isolation transformer
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J9/00Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting
    • H02J9/04Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting in which the distribution system is disconnected from the normal source and connected to a standby source
    • H02J9/06Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting in which the distribution system is disconnected from the normal source and connected to a standby source with automatic change-over, e.g. UPS systems
    • H02J9/061Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting in which the distribution system is disconnected from the normal source and connected to a standby source with automatic change-over, e.g. UPS systems for DC powered loads
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/22Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/24Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/28Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
    • H02M3/325Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/335Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/33561Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having more than one ouput with independent control

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Emergency Management (AREA)
  • Dc-Dc Converters (AREA)
  • Stand-By Power Supply Arrangements (AREA)
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  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

在一个电源单元中,把交流电能转换成直流电能并存储在第一电容中,第一电容与变压器的第一绕组连接。一个第一晶体管和一个二极管的反并联电路连接在第一电容和第一绕组之间。一个第二晶体管和一个二极管的反并联电路连接在变压器的一个第二绕组和一个第二的电池充电电容之间。变压器的第三绕组中感应电流,用于对第三电容充电。第一和第二晶体管交替导通,以便向第二和第三电容传送电能。

Description

由变压器的交替切换绕组电路高速传送 电能的电源单元及电能传送方法
本发明涉及在AC电源正常时从变压器的第一绕组向第二和第三绕组传送电能用来对电池充电,和在AC电源断电时从第二绕组向第三绕组传送电池电能的电源单元。
在日本专利平-3-98431的说明书中公开了一种现有技术的不间断电源单元,由DC电能正常充电的第一电容以较高频率重复地向变压器的第一绕组放电,以便在第二绕组中感应高频电流,在此对高频电流进行整流,以便对第二电容充电,并在一备用绕组中感应高频电流。由备用绕组的整流电流对连接到备用绕组的电池充电。当主电源断电时,电池重复向备用绕组放电以便在第二绕组中感应高频电流。为了从正常模式向电池放电模式进行转换,设置一个电源断电检测器和一个机械开关电路。当电源断电时,检测器操作开关电路停用第一绕组并启动备用绕组,以产生高频振荡。
然而,由于近来完全使用电子电路的趋势,从制造的观点来看,不适宜使用机械开关。此外,电源断电检测器意味着额外费用和增加复杂性。
因此,本发明的一个目的是对与电源电路有关的问题提供一种简单而有效的解决方法。
根据本发明的第一方面,提供一个电源单元,包括一个整流器,用于将交流电能转换为直流电能;一脉冲发生电路;具有第一、第二和第三绕组的变压器;所述第一绕组与跨接在所述第一绕组上的第一电容、一第一开关晶体管以及一第一二极管构成一第一回路;所述第二绕组与一第二开关晶体管一起构成一第二回路,所述第二开关晶体管由一电池提供能量并且响应于所述脉冲发生电路所产生的脉冲而工作;一个电源输送电路,其连接在所述第三绕组和一个第三电容之间,用于接收在所述第三绕组上感应的电流并利用所接收的电流对所述第三电容充电;其中,所述第一绕组和第三绕组的绕组方向与所述第二绕组的绕组方向相反;其特征在于在所述第一回路中,第一二极管和第一开关晶体管以反并联方式连接;在所述第二回路中,第二开关晶体管和一第二二极管联结成一反并联电路;一第二电容器跨接着所述电池,所述反并联电路和所述第二电容与所述第二绕组串联形成所述第二回路;以及所述脉冲发生电路交替地驱动所述第一和第二开关晶体管,于是,当第一电容由所述整流器充电时,能量从第一电容传送到第二电容和第三电容;当整流器停止对第一电容充电时,能量从电池传送到第三电容器。
根据第二方面,本发明提供一种电能传送方法,使用具有第一、第二和第三绕组,以及与第一、第二和第三绕组分别对应的第一、第二和第三电容的变压器。交流电能转换成直流电能,并用该直流电能对第一电容充电。在第一步骤中,第一电容通过第一绕组放电,并在第三绕组中感应电流以对第三电容充电并将电能存储在第一绕组中。在第二步骤中,向第二绕组释放存储的电能以便对第二电容充电。重复第一和第二步骤,直到由第一绕组释放的电能不足以对第二电容充电。在第三步骤中,如果由第一绕组释放的电能变得不足以对第二电容充电,则通过第二绕组使第二电容放电并将电能存储在第二绕组中。在第四步骤中,向第三绕组中释放第二绕组存储的电能,以便对第三电容充电。重复第三和第四步骤,直到第一电容中存储的电能变得足以使第一绕组释放足够的电能,以便对第二电容充电。
参考附图进一步详细地描述本发明,其中:
图1是根据本发明的不间断电源单元的电路图;和
图2是说明本发明的工作的时序图。
参考图1,该图示出了根据本发明的不间断电源单元。由全波整流器2对来自商业电力出口1的主AC供电电压进行整流并对一个平滑电容C1充电以得到DC电压。设置一个变压器3,该变压器具有一个与开关晶体管Q1串联并与电容C1并联的原边绕组W1。一个二极管D2与晶体管Q1以反并联的关系连接。
变压器3具有两个副边绕组W2和W3,绕组W2和W3以彼此相反的方向缠绕,绕组W2的方向与绕组W1的方向相反,而绕组W3的方向与绕组W1的方向相同。副边绕组W2与一个开关晶体管Q2和一个平滑电容C2串联。一个二极管D2以反并联的关系与晶体管Q2连接。一个可充电电池4接在平滑电容C2两端。
副边绕组W3与一个二极管D3、一个电感L和一个平滑电容C3连接。二极管D3以用绕组W3中感应的电流对电容C3充电的方向连接。一个续流(flywheel)二极管D4跨接在电感L和电容C3两端,以允许因电感的续流效应而造成电感L中的电流在电容C3的充电方向流动。负载电路5跨接在电容C3两端。
设置一个脉冲发生器6用以产生高频脉冲。晶体管Q1直接接收脉冲发生器6的输出,晶体管Q2通过一个倒相器7接收脉冲发生器6的输出。因此,晶体管Q1和Q2响应高频脉冲而交替地接通。
图1电路的工作如图2所示进行。
当主AC电流正常时,由全波整流器2整流的电流对电容C1进行完全充电。晶体管Q1在周期t1期间导通,使电容C1放掉其电能,经由晶体管Q1向原边绕组W1中产生电流20。该电流随时间线性增加,直到晶体管Q1截止。二极管D3正向偏置以便在绕组W3中感应电流21a,该电流经电感L流入平滑电容C3。由于晶体管Q2处在截止状态并且二极管D2反向偏置,绕组W2开路,以便在晶体管Q1截止时在原边绕组W1中存储磁能。
当晶体管Q1在周期t2的开始处截止时,释放绕组W1中存储的电能。由于绕组W1和W3以相互相同的方向缠绕,而与绕组W2以相反方向缠绕,所以此刻二极管D2正向偏置,而二极管D3反向偏置。原边绕组W1中存储的电能因此全部释放到副边绕组W2中,并转换成流经二极管D2的电流22,和对电容C2充电。由于该电能足以对电池充电,在周期t2期间没有电流流经晶体管Q2。另一方面,由于电感L的续流效应而使二极管D4正向偏置,以使电流22b连续流入电容C3。从而用电流21a和21b对电容C3充电,以得到DC电压。
当主AC供电正常时,在后续的周期t3和t4中发生类似情况,并且不间断电源单元以充电模式工作。这样,DC电能从电容C1传送到电容C2和C3并由负载电路5从电容C3提取电能。在该充电模式期间,晶体管Q2不携带电流并且不起特定作用。当由原边绕组W1释放的电能量不足以释放绕组W2中的电能对电池4充电时,晶体管Q2开始起作用。
当主AC电源断路或降低到某一临界电平之下时,电容C1两端的电压开始下降,并且原边绕组W1上存储的电能将变得不足以释放绕组W2中的电能以对电池4充电。这种情况发生时,电源单元进入放电模式。
在周期t5期间,晶体管Q2的导通使电流30被从电容C2(即电池4)提取到副边绕组W2中。由于晶体管Q1处在截止状态并且二极管D1和D3为反向偏置,当晶体管Q2在周期t5的末端截止时,电能存储在绕组W2中。
晶体管Q1在周期t6的始端转换成导通。由于绕组W2和W3以相互相反的方向缠绕,二极管D1和D3正向偏置,以使绕组W2中存储的电能释放到绕组W1和W3中。绕组W1、W2和W3的匝数比是使比释放到原边绕组W1的电能量大的绕组W2中存储的电能量释放到绕组W3,并转换成流经二极管D3的电流31a,释放到原边绕组W1中的电能转换成流过二极管D1的电流32a。在原边绕组W1中感应的电能在导通晶体管Q1中产生相反的电流32b。
在周期t7之间,晶体管Q1的截止使电流31a连续流经电感L,经由二极管D4产生电流31b,并通过二极管D2从电池4向绕组W2流入电流30。结果是,在放电模式期间,用电流31a和31b对电容C3充电。
当主AC供电不正常时,在后续的周期t7和t8中发生类似情况,并且不间断电源单元以放电模式工作。这样,DC电能从电池4传送到电容C3。
以量化项描述本发明的工作如下。
设VL和VB分别表示跨越负载电路5和电池4两端得出的DC电压。这些电压由下面的等式给出:
    VL=E*D*NS1/NP         (1)
    VB=E*{D/(1-D)}NS2/NP  (2)
其中
E=电容C1两端的电压,
D=由脉冲发生器6产生的脉冲的占空比,
NP=原边绕组W1的匝数比,
NS1=副边绕组W3的匝数比,
NS2=副边绕组W2的匝数比。
可重新整理等式(1)和(2)以给出下面VL和VB之间的关系。
VL=VB *(NS1/NS2)(1-D)  (3)
当主AC供电断电时,由下面的等式给出由电池4在电容C1两端补充的电压E:
E=VB *(NP/NS2)(1-D)/D   (4)
将等式(1)代入等式(4),有下面的关系:
VL=VB *(NS1/NS2)(1-D)  (5)
由于等式(5)与等式(3)相同,在电源断电期间,可向负载电路5传送相同的DC电能,如同主电源正常时一样。

Claims (3)

1.一种电源单元,包括一个整流器,用于将交流电能转换为直流电能;一脉冲发生电路;具有第一、第二和第三绕组的变压器;
所述第一绕组与跨接在所述第一绕组上的第一电容、一第一开关晶体管以及一第一二极管构成一第一回路;所述第二绕组与一第二开关晶体管一起构成一第二回路,所述第二开关晶体管由一电池提供能量并且响应于所述脉冲发生电路所产生的脉冲而工作;一个电源输送电路,其连接在所述第三绕组和一个第三电容之间,用于接收在所述第三绕组上感应的电流并利用所接收的电流对所述第三电容充电;其中,所述第一绕组和第三绕组的绕组方向与所述第二绕组的绕组方向相反;
其特征在于
在所述第一回路中,第一二极管和第一开关晶体管以反并联方式连接;
在所述第二回路中,第二开关晶体管和一第二二极管联结成一反并联电路;一第二电容器跨接着所述电池,所述反并联电路和所述第二电容与所述第二绕组串联形成所述第二回路;以及
所述脉冲发生电路交替地驱动所述第一和第二开关晶体管,于是,当第一电容由所述整流器充电时,能量从第一电容传送到第二电容和第三电容;当整流器停止对第一电容充电时,能量从电池传送到第三电容器。
2.根据权利要求1所述的电源单元,其特征在于所述电源输送电路包括:
一个连接到所述第三绕组一端的第三二极管,以便在第一晶体管导通时第三二极管正向偏置,以产生电流;
一个连接到第三二极管的电感,用于允许所述电流流入第三电容;和
一个连接在所述第三二极管和第三绕组的一个相反端之间的第四二极管,所述第三电容连接在电感和所述第三绕组的一个相反端之间,当所述第二晶体管导通时,第四二极管导致所述电感使所述电流连续流入第三电容。
3.电能传送方法,使用具有第一、第二和第三绕组,以及与第一、第二和第三绕组分别对应的第一、第二和第三电容的变压器,包括步骤:
a)转换交流电能成为直流电能;
b)用所述直流电能对第一电容充电;
c)第一电容通过第一绕组放电,在第三绕组中感应电流以对第三电容充电并将电能存储在第一绕组中;
d)向第二绕组释放第一绕组的存储电能并用释放的电能对第二电容充电;
e)重复步骤c)和d),直到由第一绕组释放的电能变得不足以对所述第二电容充电;
f)通过第二绕组使第二电容放电并将电能存储在第二绕组中;
g)向第三绕组释放第二绕组存储的电能并对第三电容充电;
h)重复步骤f)和g),直到第一电容中存储的电能变得足以使第一绕组向第二绕组释放足够的电能,以便对所述第二电容充电;和
i)重复步骤(c)至(h)。
CN98102017A 1997-05-28 1998-05-28 由变压器的交替切换绕组电路高速传送电能的电源单元及电能传送方法 Expired - Fee Related CN1080022C (zh)

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CN1206241A (zh) 1999-01-27
FR2764134A1 (fr) 1998-12-04
CA2238915A1 (en) 1998-11-28
US5886880A (en) 1999-03-23
JPH10336918A (ja) 1998-12-18
AU738537B2 (en) 2001-09-20
AU6907198A (en) 1998-12-03
JP3038652B2 (ja) 2000-05-08
FR2764134B1 (fr) 2000-09-15
CA2238915C (en) 2000-09-26

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